斑岩型矿床：分类、分布、动力学背景和侵入体

斑岩型矿床：分类、分布、动力学背景和侵入体

Porphyry Deposits –Characteristics

斑岩矿床的特征

Large tonnage and low grade bulk mineable deposits

大吨位低品位适于规模开采

Large volumes of hydrothermal alteration

大规模的热液蚀变

Stockwork and breccia-hosted ore

网脉状和角砾状矿石

Related to porphyritic intrusions

与斑状侵入体相关

Supergene enrichment

表生富集

E27 Cu-Au porphyry, NSW

Cu

Mo (*10)

Au (*10,000)

钙碱性碱性

高K 钙碱性岩浆中SiO2增加

•早期形成的矿脉和蚀变矿物组合中磁铁矿含量递增

•侵位深度的递减

陆缘弧环境

根据金属含量的分类

Modified from Kesler (1973) and Thompson (1994)

Modified from Blevin, 2003

Magma Chemistry

岩浆化学

Cu -Au

Sn ±W

Mo

W

W -Mo

Cu -Mo

Sn

Increasing Fractionation

结晶分异作用增强

Increasing Oxidation

氧化性增加

Rb/Sr

Fe 2O 3 /FeO

101

100

10-1

10-1

10-2

10-3

102

101

100

103

Metal endowment of intrusion-related deposits controlled by the magma’s:

•oxidation state

•compositional evolution •

silica content

Anhydrite phenocryst with apatite inclusions, North Parkes, NSW

与侵入岩有关矿床中金属总量受岩浆以下条件的控制•氧化态•成分演化•SiO 2含量

Aktogay-Aiderly Cerro Colorado La Granja Radomiro Tomic Resolution Pima Cuajone Lone Star Morenci-Metcalf Rio Blanco –Los Bronces

El Teniente

1020

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

C o n t a i n e d c o p p e r m e t a l (M t )

Behemothian

Super-giant

Oyu Tolgoi Grasberg Los Pelambres Cu-Mo deposits Chuquicamata Collahuasi Bingham Escondida El Salvador Cu-Au deposits

Butte Cananea Ray Cu-Au-Mo deposits

204.3 Mt Cu

Pebble Reko Diq Largest 25 PCDs -based on contained Cu (Mt)

最大的25个PCD －根据Cu 金属量（Mt ）

Location: Porphyry Cu-Mo Deposits

位置：斑岩型Cu-Mo 矿床

Porphyry Cu-Mo

Northern Chile

Aktogay-Aiderly

Southern Peru

La Granja Butte

SW Arizona /

Sonora

Central Chile Map source:

400800

1200

1600

2000

2400

2800

Grasberg

Bingham Oyu Tolgoi Cadia district Kal'makyr Dalneye FSE/Lepanto Cerro Casale Panguna Ok Tedi Batu Hijau Minas Conga Tampakan Escondida El Teniente Galore Creek Alumbrera Frieda River Atlas Sar Cheshmeh Chuquicamata Sipilay G o l d (t o n n e s )

Cu-Mo deposits

Cu-Au deposits

Cu-Au-Mo deposits

Pebble Reko Diq Kerr-S-M Largest 25 Au-rich PCD -contained Au (t)

最大的25个富Au PCD –含Au （t ）

Map source:

Gold-rich porphyry copper districts

富金斑岩铜矿地区

Batu Hijau

Almalyk Porphyry Cu-Au 斑岩型Cu-Au 矿床Oyu Tolgoi Cerro Colorado Bajo de la Alumbrera Minas Conga

Reko Diq

Cadia

Panguna

Philippines

PNG –Irian Jaya

Galore Creek

Dalneye

Cerro Casale

La Escondida

Porphyry Cu-Au-Mo

斑岩型Cu-Au-Mo 矿床

Bingham Canyon

Sar Chesmeh

Pebble