给排水专业英语
给排水专业英语(上)
1】Professional English on Water Supply and Sewerage Engineering 给水排水工程专业英语drains for water-carried wastes 污水处理(排污水的排水管道)a settling reservoir 预沉池aqueduct 渠道，导水管filtration 过滤distillation 蒸馏clarification 澄清coagulation血凝stone-grated 格栅、格网turbidity 浊度cistern 蓄水池、槽gpcd 每日每人加仑数coagulant 混凝剂combined sewers 合流制排水管道prehistoric word 石器时代rapid-sand filter 快砂滤池water supply and wastewater disposal facilities给排水处理设施per capita 按人口平均计算ferment 发酵toxic 有毒的These cisterns provided a daily average supply of about 4.2 gallons per capita per day(gpcd).这些贮水池仅能提供每人每天4.2加仑的水量The connection was established between a contaminated water supply and spread of the disease, and it was determined that the absence of effective sewerage was a major hindrance in combating the problem. 人们发现疾病的传播和饮用水受到污染有关，并由此确定缺少有效的排水系统是解决这一问题的主要障碍。
2】The exterior network 室外管网distribution systems 配水系统communication pipe引入管 a meter box 水表节点/盒pressure booster增压装置storage tank 储水箱 a piping line管道water-dispensing fixtures配水器具water meter 水表flange 法兰；阀门gate valve 闸阀deaerator除氧器incorporate 合并fixture trap 存水弯plumbing fixture 卫生器具manhole 检查井fire-protection 消防The function of a drainage system in a building is to remove safely and quickly sanitary sewage, industrial wastes, and rainwater.室内排水系统的作用是为了安全快速地排出生活污水、工业废水和雨水。
给排水专业词汇
23、 污水处理 sewage treatment ,wastewater treatment 为使污水达到排水某一水体或再次使用的水质要求，对其进行净化的过程。
24、 废水处理 wastewater disposal 对废水的最终安排。一般将废水排入地表水体、排放土地和再次使用等。
6、 自然沉淀 plain sedimentation 不加注任何凝聚剂的沉淀过程。
7、 凝聚沉淀 coagulation sedimentation 加注凝聚剂的沉淀过程。
8、 凝聚剂 coagulant 在凝聚过程中所投加的药剂的统称。
9、 助凝剂 coagulant aid 在水的沉淀、澄清过程中，为改善絮凝效果，另设加的辅助药剂。
28、 澄清 clarification 通过与高浓度沉渣层的接触而去除水中杂物的过程。
29、 过滤filtration 借助粒状材料或多孔介质截除水中质物的过程。
30、 离子交换法 ion exchange 采用离子交换剂去除水中某些盐类离子的过程。
31、 氯化 chlorination 在水中投氯或含氯氧化物方法消灭病原体的过程。
给排水专业英语采集
一、 通用术语
给水排水工程的通用术语及其涵义应符合下列规定：
1、 给水工程 water supply engineering 原水的取集和处理以及成品水输配的工程。
2、 排水工程 sewerage ,wastewater engineering 收集、输送、处理和处置废水的工程。
19、 脉冲澄清池 pulsator 悬浮层不断产生固周期性的压缩和膨胀，促使原水中固体杂质与己形成的泥渣进行接触凝聚页分离沉淀的水池。
20、 悬浮澄清池 sludge blanket clarifier 加药后的原水由上通过处于悬浮状态的泥渣层，使水中杂质与泥渣悬浮层的颗粒碰撞凝聚而分离沉淀的水池。
给排水专业英语Unit14
Unit14 Activated sludge processThe activated sludge process is now the most widely used biological process for treatment of municipal and industrial wastewaters. Activated sludge process was developed in England in 1914 and was so named because it involved the production of an activated mass of microorganisms capable of aerobic stabilization of the organic content of wastewater.The basic activated sludge process is illustrated by Figure 14.1. The mixture of influent wastewater commonly coming from primary clarifier and returning activated sludge is known as mixed liquor. In activated sludge process, the mixed liquor flows to aeration tank in which the microorganisms responsible for treatment are kept in suspension and aerated. In the aeration tank, contact time is provided for mixing and aerating influent wastewater. Aeration serves at least three important functions (1) mixing the mixed liquor, (2) keeping the activated sludge in suspension, and (3) supplying the oxygen to the biochemical reactions necessary for the stabilization of the wastewater. Once the mixed liquor has received sufficient treatment, excess mixed liquor is discharge into secondary clarifier. The function of the secondary clarifier is to separate the activated sludge solids from the mixed liquor. These solids represent the colloidal and dissolved solids that were originally present in the wastewater. In the aeration unit they were incorporated into the activated sludge floc, which are settleable solids. The separation of these solids, a critical step in the activated sludge process, is accomplished in the secondary or final settling tanks. The excess sludge must be removed before it loses its activity because of the death of the aerobic organisms resulting from lack of oxygen at the bottom of the tank. The most common practice is to waste from the sludge return line. Sometimes waste sludge return line. Sometimes waste sludge is removed by withdrawing mixed liquor directly from the aeration tank. The wasted mixed liquor can then be discharged to a thickening tank or to the primary tanks where the sludge settles and mixes with the raw primary sludge. The waste sludge is further thickened by final sedimentation, centrifuging, or flotation thickening and then treated by biological or chemical means.Since the activated sludge process came into common use , a number of modifications of the conventional activated sludge process have been developed to meet specific treatment objectives:(1) Complete-mix activated sludge process: A completely mixed system can allow a more uniform aeration of the wastewater in the aeration tank. This process has been applied to handle a variety of wastewater with great success, especially because the process can sustain shocks and toxic loads.(2) Step-aeration activated sludge process: In this modified system, influent wastewater is introduced at several point along the aeration tank length. This leads to a relatively homogenous load distribution along the length of the aeration tank resulting in a more efficient use of dissolved oxygen.(3) Contact-stabilization activated sludge: The influent contacts with a high concentration of biomass in a small contact tank of short of time (20 to 40 min). In this contact tank, a rapid biosorption of organic compounds is expected followed by the oxidation of the organic. This system would need smaller tankage and produce smaller amounts of biosolids.(4) Tapered aeration process: In the basic activated sludge process, organic influent is one-point loaded to the head of aeration tank, thus the oxygen demand is extremely high at the head of the aeration tank but very low at the exit end.(5) Higher availability of oxygen for microorganisms leads to improved treatment efficiency and reduced production of biosolids and reactor volume.To ensure high levels of treatment performance with the activated sludge process, several control measure must be considered such as (1) ensuring that there is sufficient level of dissolved oxygen in the aeration tanks, (2) adjusting the amount of return activated sludge ,and (3) controlling the waste sludge. Basically there are several parameters one can refer to as a guideline to find out whether the whole process is operating at peak performance. The parameter used most commonly for controlling the process is solids retention time (SRT, the SRT represent the average period of time during which the sludge has remained in the system). Mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentration may also be used to determine whether the sludge is healthy or whether it is too old or too young. MLSS concentration can be controlled based on the amount of return activated sludge. The food to microorganism ratio is commonly used to characterize operating conditions. Oxygen uptake rates are also used to monitor and control the activated sludge process.Sludge volume index (SVI) is the measure of the settle ability and compatibility of sludge and is made from a laboratory column settling test (the sludge volume index is defined as `the volume occupied by lg of sludge after it has settled for a specified period of time' generally ranging from 20 min to 1 or 2 hin a 1 or 2 L cylinder. Half an hour is most common settling time)。
建筑行业专业英语词语表达
Asphalt （Bitumen） and Asbestos 沥青和石棉Non-Ferrous Metal 有色金属Anti-Corrosion Materials 防腐蚀材料Drafting 制图方案scheme, draft 草图sketch 服务用房service room 更衣室locker room 厕所lavatory 衣柜间ward robe 暖风间H.V.A.C room 多功能用房utility room 披屋（阁楼） penthousee. ROOFING AND CEILING 屋面及天棚女儿墙parapet 雨蓬canopy 屋脊roof ridge 坡度slope 坡跨比pitch 檐口eave 挑檐overhanging eave 檐沟eave gutter 平屋面flat roof 坡屋面pitched roof 檩条purlin 屋面板roofing board 天花板ceiling board 防水层water-proof course 吊顶suspended ceiling, false ceiling 檐板（窗帘盒） cornicef. WALL （CLADDING）墙体（外墙板）砌块墙block wall 清水砖墙brick wall without plastering 抹灰墙rendered wall 石膏板墙gypsum board, plaster board 纵墙longitudinal wall 横墙transverse wall 填充墙filler wall 防火墙fire wall 窗间墙wall between window 空心墙cavity wall 圈梁gird, girt, girth 玻璃隔断glazed wall 遮阳板sunshade 伸缩缝expansion joint 复合夹心板sandwich board 压型单板corrugatedsingle steel plate 外墙板claddingpanel 复合板composite panelg. FLOOR AND TRENCH 地面及地沟地坪grade 地面和楼面ground andfloor 垫层bedding course, blinding 面层covering, finish 结合层bonding（binding） course 水磨石地面terrazzo flooring 马赛克地面mosaicflooring 瓷砖地面ceramic tile flooring预制水磨石地面precast terrazzoflooring 排水沟drainage trench 沟盖板trench cover 活动盖板removablecover plate 镶板门panelled door 夹板门plywood door 铝合金门aluminumalloy door 卷帘门roller shutter door 弹簧门swing door 推拉门sliding door平开门side-hung door 折叠门foldingdoor玻璃门glazed door 密闭门air-Tightdoor 保温门thermal insulating door 镀锌铁丝网门galvanized steel wiremesh door 防火门fire door（大门上的）小门wicket门框door frame 门扇door leaf 门洞door opening 疏散门emergencydoor 纱门screen door 门槛door sill门边木stile 门樘侧料side jumb 槽口notch 铝合金窗aluminum alloywindow 百叶窗（通风为主） sun-bind, louver（louver, shutter, blind）塑钢窗plastic steel window 空腹钢窗hollowsteel window 固定窗fixed window 平开窗side-hung window 推拉窗sliding window 气窗transom 上悬窗top-hung window 中悬窗center-pivoted window 下悬窗hopperwindow 活动百叶窗adjustable louver天窗skylight 老虎窗dormer window密封双层玻璃sealed double glazing钢筋混凝土过梁reinforced concretelintel 钢筋砖过梁reinforced bricklintel 窗扇casement sash旋转门revolving door窗台window sill窗台板window board窗中梃mullion 窗横木mutin 窗边木stile 压缝条cover mould 窗帘盒curtain box 合页( 铰链) hinge (butts) 转轴pivot 长脚铰链parliament hinge 闭门器door closer 地弹簧floor closer 插销bolt 门锁door lock 拉手pull 链条chain 门钩door hanger 碰球ball latch 窗钩window catch 暗插销insert bolt 电动开关器electric opener 平板玻璃plate glass 夹丝玻璃wire glass 透明玻璃clear glass 毛玻璃(磨砂玻璃) ground glass (frosted glass) 防弹玻璃bullet-proof glass 石英玻璃quartz glass 磨光玻璃polished glass 着色玻璃pigmented glass 玻璃瓦glass tile 玻璃砖glass block 有机玻璃organic glass I. STAIRCASE, LANDING & LIFT (ELEVATOR) 楼梯、休息平台及电梯楼梯间staircase 疏散梯emergency stair 旋转梯spiral stair (circular stair)吊车梯crane ladder直爬梯vertical ladder 踏步step 扇形踏步winder (wheel step) 踏步板tread 档步板riser 踏步宽度tread width 防滑条non-slip insert (strips) 栏杆railing (balustrade) 平台栏杆platform railing 吊装孔栏杆railing around mounting hole 扶手handrail 梯段高度height of flight 防护梯笼protecting cage (safety cage) 平台landing (platform) 楼梯平台stair landing 自动扶梯escalator 观光电梯observation elevator 电梯坑lift pit 电梯井道lift shaftj. BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES 建筑材料词汇及短语Bricks and Tiles 砖和瓦粘土砖clay brick 瓷砖glazed brick (ceramic tile) 防火砖fire brick 空心砖hollow brick 面砖facing brick 地板砖flooring tile 马赛克mosaic 陶粒混凝土ceramsite concrete 琉璃瓦glazed tile 脊瓦ridge tile 石棉瓦asbestos tile (shingle) 波形石棉水泥瓦corrugated asbestos cement sheetLime, Sand and Stone 灰、砂和石石膏gypsum 汉白玉white marble 碎石crushed stone 毛石rubble 蛭石vermiculite 珍珠岩pearlite 水磨石terrazzo 卵石cobble 砾石gravel 粗砂course sand 中砂medium sand 细砂fine sandCement, Mortar and Concrete 水泥、砂浆和混凝土硅酸盐水泥silicate cement 火山灰水泥pozzolana cement 白水泥white cement水泥砂浆cement mortar 石灰砂浆lime mortar 水泥石灰砂浆( 混合砂浆) cement-lime mortar 保温砂浆thermal mortar 防水砂浆water-proof mortar 耐酸砂浆acid-resistant mortar 耐碱砂浆alkaline-resistant mortar 沥青砂浆bituminous mortar 灰缝mortar joint 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete 轻质混凝土lightweight concrete 细石混凝土fine aggregate concrete 沥青混凝土asphalt concrete 泡沫混凝土foamed concrete 炉渣混凝土cinder concreteFacing And Plastering Materials 饰面及粉刷材料水刷石granitic plaster斩假石artificial stone刷浆lime wash可赛银casein大白浆white wash麻刀灰打底hemp cuts and lime as base喷大白浆两道sprayed twice with white wash分格抹水泥砂浆cement mortar plaster sectioned板条抹灰lath and plasterAsphalt(Bitumen) and Asbestos 沥青和石棉沥青卷材asphalt felt沥青填料asphalt filler沥青胶泥asphalt grout冷底子油adhesive bitumen primer 沥青玛啼脂asphaltic mastic沥青麻丝bitumastic oakum石棉板asbestos sheet石棉纤维asbestos fiberTimber 木材裂缝crack透裂split环裂shake干缩shrinkage翘曲warping原木log圆木round timber方木square timber板材plank木条batten板条lath木板board红松red pine 白松white pine落叶松deciduous pine云杉spruce柏木cypress白杨white poplar桦木birch 冷杉fir 栎木oak 榴木willow 榆木elm 杉木cedar 柚木teak樟木wood 防腐处理的木材preservative-treated lumber 胶合板plywood 三(五)合板3(5)-plywood 企口板tongued and grooved board 层夹板laminated plank 胶合层夹木材glue-laminated lumber 纤维板fiber-board 竹子bambooMetallic Materials 金属材料黑色金属ferrous metal 圆钢steelbBar 方钢square steel 扁钢steel strap,flat steel 型钢steel section (shape) 槽钢channel 角钢angle steel 等边角钢equal-leg angle不等边角钢unequal-leg angle 工字钢I-beam 宽翼缘工字钢wide flange I-beam丁( 之)字钢T-bar (Z-bar) 冷弯薄壁型钢light gauge cold-formed steel shape 热轧hot-rolled 冷轧cold-rolled合金钢alloy steel 钛合金titanium alloy不锈钢stainless steel 竹节钢筋corrugated steel bar 变形钢筋deformedbar 光圆钢筋plain round bar 钢板steelplate 薄钢板thin steel plate 低碳钢lowcarbon steel 冷弯cold bending 钢管steel pipe (tube) 无缝钢管seamlesssteel pipe 焊接钢管welded steel pipe 黑铁管iron pipe 镀锌钢管galvanized steelpipe 铸铁cast iron 生铁pig iron 熟铁wrought iron 镀锌铁皮galvanized steelsheet 镀锌铁丝galvanized steel wire 钢丝网steel wire mesh 多孔金属网expanded metal 锰钢managanese steel高强度合金钢high strength alloy steelNon-Ferrous Metal 有色金属金gold 白金platinum 铜copper 黄铜brass 青铜bronze 银silver 铝aluminum 铅leadAnti-Corrosion Materials 防腐蚀材料聚乙烯polythene, polyethylene冷拉cold-drawn尼龙nylon冷压cold-pressed聚氯乙烯PVC (polyvinyl chloride) 磁漆enamel paint 轻工业的light industrial聚碳酸酯polycarbonate 干性油drying oil 古代建筑ancient architecture聚苯乙烯polystyrene 稀释剂thinner 现代建筑modern architecture丙烯酸树酯acrylic resin 焦油tar 标准化建筑standardized buildings 乙烯基酯vinyl ester 沥青漆asphalt paint 附属建筑auxiliary buildings橡胶内衬rubber lining 桐油tung oil, Chinese wood oil 城市规划city planning氯丁橡胶neoprene 红丹red lead 厂区内within site沥青漆bitumen paint 铅油lead oil 厂区外offsite环氧树脂漆epoxy resin paint 腻子putty 封闭式closed type氧化锌底漆zinc oxide primerk. OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS 其它开敞式open type防锈漆anti-rust paint建筑术语半开敞式semi-open type耐酸漆acid-resistant paint 模数制modular system耐碱漆alkali-resistant paintDiscipline 专业单位造价unit cost水玻璃sodium silicate建筑architecture概算preliminary estimate树脂砂浆resin-bonded mortar土木civil承包商constructor, contractor环氧树脂epoxy resin给排水water supply and drainage现场siteBuilding Hardware 建筑五金总图plot plan扩建extension钉子nails采暖通风H.V.A.C (heating 、ventilation改建reconstruction螺纹屋面钉spiral-threaded roofing nail and air conditioning)防火fire-prevention环纹石膏板钉annular-ring gypsum 电力供应electric power supply防震aseismatic, quake-proofboard nail电气照明electric lighting防腐anti-corrosion螺丝screws电讯telecommunication 防潮dump-proof平头螺丝flat-head screw仪表instrument 防水water-proof螺栓bolt热力供应heat power supply 防尘dust-proof普通螺栓commercial bolt动力mechanical power防锈rust-proof高强螺栓high strength bolt工艺process technology 车流量traffic volume预埋螺栓insert bolt管道piping 货流量freight traffic volume 胀锚螺栓cinch boltConventional Terms 一般通用名词人流量pedestrian volume垫片washer建筑原理architectonics透视图perspective drawing Paint 油漆建筑形式architectural style 建筑模型building model底漆primer民用建筑civil architectureArchitectural Physics 建筑物理防锈底漆rust-inhibitive primer城市建筑urban architecture 照明illumination防腐漆anti-corrosion paint农村建筑rural architecture 照度degree of illumination调和漆mixed paint农业建筑farm building亮度brightness无光漆flat paint 工业建筑industrial building 日照sunshine透明漆varnish重工业的heavy industrial 天然采光natural lighting 银粉漆aluminum paint光强light intensity 侧光side light 顶光top light 眩光glaze 遮阳sun-shade Name Of Professional role 职务名称项目经理project manager (PM) 设计经理design manager 首席建筑师principal architect 总工程师chief engineer 土木工程师civil engineer 工艺工程师process engineer 电气工程师electrical engineer 机械工程师mechanical engineer 计划工程师planning engineer 助理工程师assistant engineer 实习生probationer 专家specialist, expert 制图员draftsman 技术员technician Drafting 制图总说明general specification 工程说明project specification 采用标准规范目录list of standards and specification adopted 图纸目录list of drawings 平面图plan 局部放大图detail with enlarged scale ．．．平面示意图schematic plan of... ．．．平剖面图sectional plan of... 留孔平面图plan of provision of holes 剖面section 纵剖面longitudinal section 横剖面cross (transverse) section 立面elevation 正立面front elevation侧立面side elevation 背立面back elevation 详图detail drawings 典型节点typical detail 节点号detail No. 首页front page 图纸目录及说明list of contents and description 图例legend 示意图diagram 草图sketch 荷载简图load diagram 流程示意图flow diagram 标准图standard drawing ．．．布置图layout of ... 地形图topographical map 土方工程图earth-work drawing 展开图developed drawing 模板图formworkdrawing 行和栏rows and columns备注remarks 曲线curves -曲折线zigzag line 虚线dotted line实线solid line 影线hatching line 等高线contour Line 环形annular 方形square 矩形rectangle 平行四边形parallelogram 五角形pentagon六角形hexagon 八角形octagon 梯形trapezoid扇形sector 圆锥形cone 椭圆形ellipse, oblong 净高headroom 截面尺寸sectionaldimension 进深depth 单跨single span 双跨double span多跨multi-span 标高elevation,level 室外地面标高groundelevation 室内地面标高floorelevation 柱网column grid 辅助面积service area 通道面积passage area 排水沟drain ditch地漏floor drain 消火栓firehydrant。
土木工程给排水环境工程专业英语翻译题库
2.翻译句子：Lesson 1.土木工程Civil engineers in this field oversee the construction of a project from beginning to end.这一领域的工程师要监督一个项目从开始到结束的整个施工过程。
Those engaged in this area of civil engineering may plan and develop communities within a city, or entire cities.该领域的工程师从事规划小区或者一个完整的城市。
These civil engineers coordinate planning of public works along with private development. They evaluate the kinds of facilities needed, including streets and highways, public transportation systems, airports, port facilities, water-supply and wastewater-disposal systems, public buildings, parks, and recreational and other facilities to ensure social and economic as well as environmental well-being.规划工程师协调公共工程和私有设施的发展。
他们评估各种设施的需求，包括街道和公路、公共运输系统，机场、港口、供水排水系统，公共建筑，公园、娱乐设施等，以保证社会、经济和环境的协调发展。
The civil engineer-manager combines technical knowledge with an ability to organize and coordinate worker power, materials, machinery, and money.管理工程师将技术和组织协调劳动力、材料、机械设备、资金的能力结合起来。
给排水专业英语词汇(上)
Trench n.沟，渠Cistern n.蓄水池，储水器Drainage n.排水，排水设备，排水的水Foul n.污浊的Siphon n.虹吸（管）；用虹吸管输送Settle n.澄清，（使）沉淀Hydraulic a.水力学的Distillation n.蒸馏（法）Still n.蒸馏器Filtration n.过滤Clarification n.澄清，净化Coagulation n.絮凝，混凝Sanitation n.（环境）卫生Sedimentation n.沉淀，沉积Grate v.装格栅于Basin n.水池，水槽Catch basin 集水池，沉水池Lagoon n.污水池Patent vt，n.为……取得专利，专利，专利品Anticipate vt.促进Turbidity n.浑浊性，浑浊度Coagulant n.混凝剂，凝结剂Modification n.改变，改进，改良Toxic a.有毒的，中毒的Pathogenic a.致病的，病原的Microorganism n.微生物Congregate v.聚集Contaminate v.污染，弄脏Precipitate v.降水，沉降Precipitation n.沉降物（如雨，雪等）Contaminant n.污染物质Hydrological a.水文学的Nutrient n.养分，养料Medium n.介质，培养基Microbial a.微生物的，细菌的Algae n.藻类，海藻Protozoa n.原生动物Inorganics n.无机物Seep vi.渗入Effluent n.污水，废水Epidemic n.流行病，时疫Trace n.痕量，微量，微量金属Monitor v.检验（放射性污染物）Bacteriology n.细菌学Discharge n.排泄（水汽），排泄物Annual a.一年一度的，每年的Typhoid n.伤寒Cholera n.霍乱Round n.循环，周期Eradicate vt.根除，杜绝Lay down 制定，提出Superimpose vt.添加，附加Distil v.蒸馏Distillation n.蒸馏法Electrodialysis n.电渗析Brackish a.稍咸的Estuary n.河口，海湾Osmosis n.渗透性Estuarine a,河口的，港湾的Barrage n.拦河坝Sterilize vt.消毒，杀菌Wholesome a.卫生的，有益于健康的Injurious a.有害的Conductive a.有助于……的，促进的Be conductive to 对……有益的Constituent n.组成物，构成物Turbid a.浑浊的，混乱的Pathogen n.病原体，病菌Sedimentation n.沉积法，沉积作用Flocculate v.絮凝，绒聚Flocculating agent 絮凝剂Settlting n.沉淀Settling out 沉淀出来Coarse a.粗粒的，大的Floc n.絮体，絮凝物体Filtration n.过滤，澄清Chlorinate vt.用氯消毒Sanitary properties 卫生系数（性能，特点等）Colloidal a.胶体（状，质）的Suspension n.悬浮（液），悬浮（体）Portability a.可饮用Detract v.降低，减损Rayon n.人造丝Cellulose n.纤维素Starch n.淀粉Odour n.气味，臭气Secretion n.分泌液Fungi n.真菌Phenol n.（苯）酚Chlorine n.氯气Malodorous a.恶臭的Chlorophenols n.氯酚Break-point chlorination 折点加氯Activated carbon 活性炭Chlorine dioxide 二氧化氯Ozone n.臭氧Silica n.二氧化硅Transparency n.透明（性，度）Mastic n.胶粘剂p.p.m=parts per million 百万分之（几）Coalesce vi.凝聚Decolorize vt.漂白Conductivity n.传导性Resistivity n.电阻性Bacteriological a.细菌学的Alkaline n./a.碱性，碱性的Acidity n.酸性（度）Alkalinity n.酸性（度）Alkalinity n.（强）碱性Corrosive a.腐蚀的Water-supply 给水的Storage reservoir 蓄水库（池）Pipeline n.管道（线）Distribution reservoir 配水库（池）Distribution pipe 配水管网High demands 高峰用水量Supply source 水源Air conditioning equipment 空调设备Water （supply）engineer 给水工程师The fire department 消防部门Catchment n.集水（量），汇水Catchment area 集水区Rainfall n.降雨量Refill v.再装满Runoff n.径流（量）Infiltration n.渗透（入）Infiltration water 渗透水Evaporation n.蒸发Evaporation water 蒸发水Impounding v.贮（水）备灌溉用Impounding reservoir 蓄水池Recharge v.再装，再补充Purify v.使纯净，使洁净Compressor n.压缩机Limestone n.石灰石Porous a.多孔的Formation n.地（岩）层Limestone formation 石灰岩层Porous formation 多空岩层Plumbing n.（自来水，卫生）管道（装置）室内给排水系统（管道，工程）System of plumbing 卫生工程系统（体系）Circulatory a.循环的，流通的Outbreak n.爆发，破裂Epidemic n.流行病，时疫Cross-connection 交叉传染Submerged a.水面下的Inlet n.进（气，水）口Submerged inlet 淹没式入口，进水口淹没Vent n.通风（排气）管（口）；排除，放气Deteriorate v.变质，损坏Appurtenance n.附属物，设备，附件，附属建筑（装置）Sanitary or storm drainage 生活用水或雨水的排放Distribution n.分布，配给Multitude n.许多，大批（量）A multitude of 许多的，众多的Uphill n.a.ad. 上坡，向上Valve n.阀门，开关Microbe n.微生物Lactic a.乳的Lactic acid 乳酸Breakdown n.分解，离解Fermentation n.发酵Equation n.反应式，公式Oxidize v.使氧化Acetic a.醋酸的，醋酸Oxidation n.氧化作用Atmospheric a.大气中的，空气的Butyric a.丁酸的，奶油的，丁酸Bacteria n.细菌Proliferate v.繁殖，繁衍Anaerobic a.厌氧的，厌气的Derivative a.转生的，派生的，衍生物Specialize v.使专门化，特殊化Attack vt.（化学）腐蚀，锈蚀Nutrition n.营养（学）Culture n.培养，养殖Media n.培养基Synthesize v.（人工）合成Preform vt.预先形成Biochemical a.生物化学的Municipal a.城市的Unsaturated a.未饱和的Suspended water 悬着水Intermolecular a.分子间的Aeration n.曝气，通气The zone of aeration 通气层Remainder n.剩余物Capillary a.n.毛细管的Fringe n.边缘，端Transpire v.蒸发，气化Compaction n.压实，压缩Pore n.小孔Intergranular a.颗粒间的Permeability n.渗透性，透气性Recharge well 回灌井Hydraulic a.水力学的Coefficient n.系数Substrate n.基质，底质Sediment n.沉积物Adjacent a.邻近的，相邻的Sodium n.钠Sodium chloride 氯化钠Ion n.离子Conduit n.导管，水管Sewerage n.下水道，污水（排水）工程（系统）Elevation n.高度，海拔Confines n.界限，范围，边界Rectangular a.矩（长方）形的Laminar a.层（式、状、流）的Turbulent a.湍流的Irrigation n.灌溉Nonuniform a.不均匀的，变化的Retard vt.延迟，减速流Retarded flow 滞流，减速流Component n.分（力，量，支）The component of the gravity 重力的分量Shear n.剪（切，力）切（变，力）Shear force 切力，剪力Spillway n.溢洪道Profile n.轮廓，断面（图）Resulting a.所引起（产生）的Resulting profile 所形成的剖面图Sanitary a.关于环境卫生的，卫生的Hydraulic a.水力的，水力学的，水压的Aqueduct n.沟渠，导水管，高架渠Reveal v.泄露，显示Archeological a.考古学的Pipeline n.管道线，输送管Cloaca n.暗渠，下水道，厕所Sewer n.污水池Cesspool n.阴沟，污水管，排水管，下水道Metropolis 首都，大城市，文化商业中心Tributary a.附属的，支流的Lawsuit n.诉讼Downstream a.ad.顺流的，在下游的Sewage n.污水，污物Range v.延伸，探寻，涉及Watershed n.流域，集水区Bedrock n.基岩Rainfall n.降雨，降水，降雨量Divert vt.转移，使转向Ecosystem n.生态系统Biosphere n.生物圈Biotope n.群落生境Inanimate a.非动物的Spatial a.空间的Biocoenosis n.生物群落Moor n.荒野，沼Savannah n.热带大草原Deciduous a.（在成熟期或一定季节）脱落的Flora n.植物群Fauna n.动物群Habitat n.栖息地Climatic a.气候的Terrestrial a.陆地的Aquatic a.水生的Abiotic a.非生物的Ecological a.生态的Autotrophic a.自养的Chloroplast a.叶绿体Herbaceous a.草本的Carbohydrate n.碳水化合物Assimilation n.吸收Heterotrophic a.异养的Herbivore a.食草的Decompose vt.分解Detritus n.腐质Invertebrate a.无脊椎的Carnivore n.食肉动物Arable a.适于耕作的Fluctuate v.波动，涨落Quantitative a.定量的Amplitude n.广大，充足Genetic a.遗传的Botanic a.植物的Compensate vt.补偿Integrated plant protection 综合植物保护Terminal community 最终群落Burgeon vt.发展，展开Deterioration n.恶化，变质Airborne a.空中的Adverse effect 反作用，不利影响Manifest a.明显的vt.表明，证明Catalytic a.催化的Copolymer n.共聚物Toxicity n.毒性，毒力Abatement n.减少，除去Emission n.散发，发射（物）Unrelenting a.不退让的，不松懈的Fusion n.合并，联合Megalopolis n.大城市（由几个城市及郊区连成者）Sparsely ad.稀疏地，稀少地Pollutant n.污染物Reside v.住（留），属于，与……靠得很近Juxtaposition n.并列，并置Severity n.严重性Intensification n.加强，强化Segment n.部分，分布Contaminant n.污染物质，杂质Internal combustion engine 内燃机Per capita 每人口Solid refuse 固体废物，固体垃圾Incinerator n.焚化炉，化灰炉Degradation n.退化，降低Originate vi.发起，发生Affluent a.富足的，丰富Dilution n.冲淡，稀释Dispersion n.分散（作用）弥散Irritation n.刺激，兴奋Hazardous a.有害的Handling characteristics 处理特性Garbage n.垃圾，废料Serve to 用于……Inoffensive a.无害的Inherent a.固有的，内在的Compost vt.把……做成堆肥Raw material 原材料Incineration n.焚化Supervision n.监督，管理Overweight vt.在重量上超过Densely ad.密集地，稠密地Landfill vi.土地掩埋Haul vt.用力拖（或拉）Option n.选择，选择权Municipal solid waste(MSW) 城市固体废物Ecological perspective 生态学观点Recoverable a.可重获的，可找到的Burial n.埋葬Pyrolysis n.热解作用Pyrolysis furnace 干馏炉，热解炉Destructive a.破坏性的Endothermic a.吸热的Exothermic a.放热的Oxygen-free environment 无氧环境Self-sustaining a.自给的Methane n.甲烷Methanol n.甲醇Tar n.焦油Combustible a.可燃的，易燃的Pose vt.造成，形成Aesthetic a.美学的Restrain…from(doing) 制止……（干）……Waste disposal 废物处理Feasibility n.可行性Enactment n.颁布Enforcement n.实施Combined sewer （system）合流制下水管（系统）Separated sewer (system) 分流制下水管（系统）Drain off 把……排除Bypass vt.越过，绕……走Minimize vt.使减少到最少Dilute vt.冲淡Settle out 沉淀出来Municipality n.市，市政府Undesirable a.讨厌的，令人不快的Inadequate a.不足的，不适当的Be acted on 受……作用Notably ad.显著地，著名地Tertiary a.第三极的Leach vt.滤去（物质）Leaching field 滤液场Septic a.引起腐烂的Septic tank 化粪池Detention n.滞留Interact vi.互相作用，互相影响Quest vi.追求，探索Biophysical a.生物物理学的Arithmetical a.算术的Coverage n.覆盖率Priority n.重点，优先Quantitative a.数量的，定量的Hygienic a.卫生的，卫生学的Indisputable a.无可争辩的，无可置疑的Programmer n.规划，订计划者Nationwide a.全国性的Criterion n.（批评，判断的）标准，准则Continuity n.连续性，持续性Forthcoming a.即将到来的，即将出现的Coherent a.一致的，粘附的Sustainable a.持续的，能忍受的Initiative n.倡议，首创精神Legislation n.立法，法规Implementation n.履行，实施Assessment n.评估，估价Underlying a.根本的，基础的Institutional a.制度上的，惯例的Undertaker n.承担者，承办人Water undertaker 自来水厂Privatization n.私有化Inspection n.检查，视察Entity n.实体，统一体。
给排水专业英语李康
给排水专业英语李康
给排水专业英语翻译为"Plumbing and Drainage Engineering"。
在给排水专业中，有一些常用的英语词汇和短语，如下所示：
1. Plumbing - 管道安装
2. Drainage - 排水系统
3. Piping - 管道
4. Sewer - 下水道
5. Water supply - 供水系统
6. Water distribution - 配水系统
7. Plumbing fixtures - 卫浴设备
8. Sanitary fittings - 卫生设备
9. Ventilation - 通风系统
10. Pumping station - 泵站
11. Sewage treatment - 污水处理
12. Stormwater management - 雨水管理
13. Plumbing code - 管道安装规范
14. Plumbing design - 管道设计
15. Plumbing installation - 管道安装
16. Plumbing maintenance - 管道维护
17. Plumbing repair - 管道维修
18. Plumbing inspection - 管道检查
19. Water conservation - 节水
20. Backflow prevention - 防止倒流
以上是一些常见的给排水专业英语词汇和短语，希望对你有帮助！。
蓝梅主编 给排水科学与工程专业英语部分课文翻译中文版
第四单元给水系统一般来说，供水系统可划分为四个主要组成部分:（1）水源和取水工程（2）水处理和存储（3）输水干管和配水管网。
常见的未处理的水或者说是原水的来源是像河流、湖泊、泉水、人造水库之类的地表水源以及像岩洞和水井之类的地下水源。
修建取水构筑物和泵站是为了从这些水源中取水。
原水通过输水干管输送到自来水厂进行处理并且处理后的出水储存到清水池。
处理的程度取决于原水的水质和出水水质要求。
有时候，地下水的水质是如此的好以至于在供给给用户之前只需消毒即可。
由于自来水厂一般是根据平均日需求流量设计的，所以，清水池为水需求日变化量提供了一个缓冲区。
水通过输水干管长距离输送。
如果输水干管中的水流是通过泵所产生的压力水头维持的，那么我们称这个干管为增压管。
另外，如果输水干管中的水流是靠由于高差产生的可获得的重力势能维持的，那么我们称这个干管为重力管。
在输水干管中没有中间取水。
与输水干管类似，在配水管网中水流的维持要么靠泵增压，要么靠重力势能。
一般来说，在平坦地区，大的配水管网中的水压是靠泵提供的，然而，在不平坦的地区，配水管网中的压力水头是靠重力势能维持的。
一个配水管网通过引入管连接配水给用户。
这样的配水管网可能有不同的形状，并且这些形状取决于这个地区的布局。
一般地，配水管网有环状或枝状的管道结构，但是，根据当地城市道路和街区总体布局计划，有时候环状和枝状结构合用。
城市配水管网大多上是环状形式，然而，乡村地区的管网是枝状形式。
由于供水服务可靠性要求高，环状管网优于枝状管网。
配水管网的成本取决于对管网的几何形状合适的选择。
城市计划采用的街道布局的选择对提供一个最小成本的供水系统来说是重要的。
环状管网最常见的两个供水结构是方格状、环状和辐射状；然而，我们不可能找到一个最佳的几何形状而使得成本最低。
一般地，城镇供水系统是单入口环状管系统。
如上所说，环状系统有一些通过系统相互连接的管道使得通过这些连接接的管道，可以供水到同一个需水点。
给排水专业英语Unit8
Coagulation and flocculationThere are three types of substances which can be found in water. These substances are chemicals in solution, colloidal solids, and suspended solids. Coagulation/flocculation will remove colloidal and suspended solids.In the water treatment industry, the terms coagulation and flocculation imply different mechanisms. Although the words “coagulation”and “flocculation”are often sued interchangeably they refer to two distinct processes. Coagulation indicates the process through which colloidal particles and very fine solid suspensions are destabilized so that they can begin to agglomerate if the conditions are appropriate. Flocculation refers to the process by which destabilized particles actually conglomerate into larger aggregates so that they can be separated from the wastewater.CoagulationCoagulation is the destabilization of colliodal paryicles brought about by the addition of chemical reagent (coagulant).The purpose of destabilization is to lessen the repelling character the particles and allow them to be attached to other particles so that they may be removed in subsequent sedimentation process.The particulates in raw water, which contribute to color and turbidity, are mainly clays, silts, viruses, bacteria , humic acids ,mineral (including asbestos, silicates, silica, and radioactive particles), and organic particulates. At pH levels above 4.0, such particles or molecules are generally negatively charged. Coagulation is employed for the removal of waste materials in suspended or colloidal form. Colloids are presented by particles over a range of 0.1-1.0nm. these particles do not settle out on standing and cannot be removed by conventional physical treatment processes. Colloids present in wastewater can be either hydrophobic or hydrophilic. The hydrophobic colloids possess no affinity for the liquid medium and lack stability in the presence of electrolytes. They are readily susceptible to coagulation. Hydrophilic colloids, such as proteins, exhibit a marked affinity for water. The absorbed water retards flocculation and frequently requires special treatment to achieve effective coagulation.Electrical properties of the colloids create a repelling force and prevent agglomeration and settling. Stabilizing ions are strongly adsorbed to an inner fixed layer which provides a particle charge that varies with the valence and number of adsorbed ions. Ions of an opposite charge form a diffuse outer layer which is held near the surface by electrostatic forces. The stability of a colliod is due to the repulsive electrostatic forces and in the case of hydrophilic to solvation in which an envelope of water retards coagulation.The advantages of coagulation are that it reduces the time required to settle out suspended solids and is very effective in removing fine that are otherwise very difficult to remove. Coagulation can also be effective in removing many protozoa, bacteria and viruses.FlocculationFlocculation is stimulation by mechanical means to agglomerate destabilized particles into compact, fast settleable particles(or flocs). It is a common practice to provide an initial rapid(or) flash mix for the dispersal of the coagulant or other chemicals into the water. Slow mixing is then done, during which the growth of the floc takes place. Design contact times for flocculation range from15 or 20 minutes to an hour or more.Coagulation and flocculation occur in successive steps intended to overcome the forces stabilizing the suspended particles, allowing particle collision and growth of floc. If step one is incomplete, the following step will be unsuccessful.Coagulation mechanismsCoagulation can be accomplished through any of four different mechanisms. The following section details these various mechanisms.(1)Double-layer compressionThe mechanism of double-layer compression relies on compressing the diffuse layer surrounding a colloid. This is accomplished by increasing the ionic strength of the solution through the addition of an indifferent electrolyte . The added electrolyte increases the charge density in the diffuse layer. The diffuse layer is ‘compressed’toward the particle surface, reducing the thickness of the layer. Therefore, the zeta potential, ZP, is significantly decreased.(2) Adsorption and charge neutralizationAdding coagulants with a charge opposite to that on the colloidal particles can cause adsorption of the ions on to the colloidal particles and neutralize surface charge. This leads to easier aggregation. However, the coagulant dosage should be proportional to the quantity of colloids present. If overdose is applied, charge reversal on the colloids occurs and the colloids are not destabilized.(3) Enmeshment by a precipitate ( sweep-floc coagulation)Chemical compounds such as aluminum sulfate , ferric chloride, and lime are frequently used as coagulants to form the precipitates of AL(OH)3, FE(OH)3 and CACO3. These precipitates physically entrap the suspended colloidal particles as they settle, especially during subsequent flocculation. Thus , the rate of precipitation increases with increasing concentration of colloidal particles (turbidity) in the solution.(4) Interparticle bridgingSince synthetic polymeric compounds have large molecular sizes and multiple electrical charges along a molecular chain of carbon atoms, they are effective for the destabilization of colloids in water.Perikinetic and orthokinetic flocculationThe flocculation process can be broadly classified into two types, perikinetic (also known as microflocculation ) and orthokinetic (also known as macroflocculation ).Perikinetic flocculation refers to flocculation (contact or collisions of colloidal particles) due to Brownian motion of colloidal particles. The random motion ofcolloidal particles results from their rapid and random bombardment by the molecules of the fluid. The random thermal motion of fluid molecules is also known as Brownian motion or movement. Perikinetic flocculation is significant for particles that are in the size range from 0.001 to about 1um. It is normally not a major factor in the transport associated with flocculation in water treatment.Orthokinetic flocculation refers to contacts or collisions of colloidal particles resulting from bulk fluid motion, such as stirring. In system of stirring, the velocity of the fluid varies both spatially (from point to point ) and temporally (from time to time). Orthokinetic flocculation can be brought about by (1) induced velocity gradients and (2) differential settling. Particles can be brought together (i.e, flocculated ) by inducing velocity gradients in a fluid containing the particles to by flocculated that collide stick together, a large particle will be formed that will be easier to remove by gravity separation.Factors affecting coagulationFor all raw water types, there are several water quality parameters that affect coagulation performance , including the amount of particulate material, the amount and nature of the NOM present , and the bulk chemical and physical properties of the water.。
给排水专业专业英语词汇
给排水专业专业英语词汇1、hydrology 水文学、水文地理学2、hydrologic=hydrological3、hydrologic cycle 水文循环4、freshwater 淡水的、河水的5、fresh water 淡水、湖水6、precipitate 沉降、下沉7、evaporate 使蒸发、消失8、dewpoint 结露点9、droplet 小滴10、Ideal Gas Law 理想气体定律11、orographic 山岳的、山形的12、terrane 岩层13、convective 传送的、对流的14、schematic 示意的15、diagram 图表、图解16、hydraulic 水力的、水力学的17、precipitation 降水、降雨量、沉淀18、transpiration 蒸发（物）、植物蒸腾作用19、depict 描述、描写20、diagrammatically 用图解法地21、physical works 实际构筑物22、meterologist 气象学者23、hydrologist 水文学者24、hail （下）冰雹25、sleet 冰雪、雨加雪26、snowpack 积雪场27、thaw 解冻28、discard 丢弃、放弃29、environmental 环境的、周围的30、marketable 时宜销售的31、isolated 隔离的、孤立的32、Madison avenue 纽约麦迪逊大街33、integral 整体的、构成整体所需要的34、ecological 生态学的35、harbor 隐匿、庇护36、aquatic 水的、水生的、水憩的37、ecosystem 生态系统38、species 物种、式样39、aqueduct 沟渠、导水管40、desalinate 去处盐分、海水淡化41、arid 干旱的、贫瘠的42、iceberg 冰山、冷冰冰的人43、reverse 相反、颠倒、相反的、颠倒的44、aquifer （土壤）含水层、蓄水层45、rudimentary 根本的、未发展的46、malaria 疟疾、瘴气47、typhoid 伤寒症、伤寒的48、cholera 霍乱49、wetland 湿地、沼泽地50、habitat （动植物）的生活环境。
给排水与环境工程专业英语
The human search for pure water supplies must have begun in prehistoric times. Much of that earliest activity is subject to speculation. Some individuals may have led water where they wanted it through trenches dug in the earth. Later a hollow log was perhaps used as the first water pipe.
Only by continual and costly attention to water quality control has it been possible to virtually eradicate waterborne diseases from developed countries. Such achievements must not, however, be allowed to mask the appalling situation regarding water supply and sanitation in much of the developing world. The growth of population in developing countries, due to the high birth rate, is such that unless strenuous efforts to increase water supply and sanitation facilities are made, the percentage of the world’s population with satisfactory facilities would actually decrease in the future. In developed countries, demands for water are now fairly static and basic waste quality-control measures are well established. However, many of the existing water-supply and sewage schemes are now relatively old so that their reconstruction will pose problems in the future. As knowledge of the effects of all forms of environmental pollution increases so new potential hazards appear, for example there is current concern about the possible carcinogenic hazards arising from the presence of minute concentrations of some organic compounds in water. Anthropogenic, or human-induced, pollutants have overloaded our envir commissioning of the first major public health engineering works of modern times. Thus by 1870 waterborne outbreaks had been largely brought under control in the UK and similar developments were taking place in Western Europe and the cities of the USA. The Industrial Revolution greatly increased the urban water demand and the late nineteenth century saw the construction of major water-supply schemes.
给排水专业英语考试词汇
house water-supply system 建筑给水系统flange 法兰gate valve 闸阀communication pipe 引入管interior water-supply system室内给水系统domestic water-supply system 生活给水系统fire-protection water-supply system 消防给水系统industrial water-supply system 生产给水系统meter box 仪表点（段）pressure booster 增压设备storage tank 贮水箱piping line 管道water-dispensing fixture 配水器具de-aerator 除氧器hot water-supply system 热水供应系统water meter 水表cistern 水塔，水箱，水池air-operated water-dispensing tank 气压给水设备split system 分区系统series system 串联系统parallel system 并联系统fire line 消防管道fire hose 灭火水龙带hose barrel 水枪fire brigade 消防队standby pump 备用泵fire-line outlet 消火栓（箱）fire valve (指消火栓箱中的)阀门globe valve 球阀standpipe 立管control valve 控制阀sprinkler head 喷头sprinkler systems 喷淋系统drencher systems 水幕系统house drainage system 建筑排水系统sanitary drainage system 生活排水系统industrial drainage system 生产排水系统storm water(rainwater) drainage system 雨水排水系统fixture trap 存水弯plumbing fixture 卫生器具drainage piping 排水管道manhole 人孔，检查井building(house) connection 排水出户管（排出管）lift pumping plant(station) 提升泵站public sewer 市政管道（室外管网）bathtub 浴盆sitting tub 坐式浴盆shower stall 淋浴房washbasin 洗手盆bidet 坐便器single-bowl sink 单格洗涤盆double-bowl sink 双格洗涤盆。
给排水专业英语词汇汇总
unit oneDistribution system分配系统Grid system 环状管网ring system环状管网loop feeder 环状管网branching system 枝状管网combination system 联合管网（combined system）Topography地形学，地形，地貌，地势dead end死水点feeder 给水管，进料器Elevation地面标高valve 阀门，真空管water supply 给水，自来水，供水系统service reservoir 配水池（调节水池）pump 泵storage element （储水）构筑物70m head 70米水柱leakage rate 泄漏量（泄漏率）hydraulic 水力的，水压的hydraulic analysis 水力分析field measurement 现场测量（实测）field date 实测数据key point管网节点pipe junctions 管网节点node （key point, junction）节点sign convention符号规约positive clockwise 取顺时针方向为正head loss 水头损失iterative solution 迭代解loop method 环路法flow, runoff, discharge 流量Sanitary 环境卫生的（尤指清除废物）Sewer 下水道，污水管Sanitary sewer 生活污水管道Connection连接管，排出管Cast-iron pipe 铸铁管（补充内容）PVC 聚氯乙烯Grade line 坡度线slope 倾斜度，坡度collecting sewer 污水支管Interceptor 截流污水管（intercepting sewer）Domestic民用的，生活的Manhole 人孔，检查井drainage 排污系统，排水装置，下水道sewerage system 污水工程系统invert 管道内底Pump station 泵站unit twoContaminant 污染物ground water 地下水surface water 地表水wastewater 污废水Floating materials漂浮物suspended materials悬浮物Colloidal materials 胶体物质colloidal particles 胶体微粒Dissolved materials 溶解物质Dissolved gases 溶解气体Microorganisms微生物（microbe）organic and inorganic constituents 有机和无机成分hardness-ion 硬度离子hardness 硬度carbon dioxide二氧化碳hydrogen sulfide 硫化氢Alga(algae) 水藻，藻类Clay 粘土silt泥沙，淤泥pathogenic病原体，致病菌，病原菌Bacteria 细菌Ammonia 氨，氨水Methane gas甲烷，沼气turbidity 浊度taste 味odor 臭drinking water 饮用水water sample 水样suspension 悬浮液turbidity unit (TU) 浊度单位turbidimeter 浊度表，浊度仪Solubility 溶度，溶解性Metabolism 新陈代谢standard color solution 标准比色液threshold odor number 臭阈值boiler feed water 锅炉给水boiler water supply锅炉给水demineralize 去除矿物质scale deposit 水垢，积垢Outfall 出水口，排水口chemical clarification 化学（法）澄清coagulation 混凝coagulant 混凝剂sedimentation 沉淀filtration 过滤disinfection 消毒synthetic polymer 合成聚合物Activated carbon 活性炭Chlorine 氯sedimentation basin 沉淀池oxidize 使氧化，使生锈soften 软化settle-able 会沉淀的Aeration曝气通风unit threeplain settling 自由沉淀detention time 滞留时间Flocculation 絮凝Flocs 絮凝体coagulant aid 助凝剂(flocculation aid) natural alkalinity 自然碱度high-molecular compound 高分子化合物jar test 烧杯实验Centrifugal 离心的low-lift pump 低扬程水泵suction line 吸入管线索impeller 叶轮pump casing 泵壳Paddle-type flocculator 桨板式絮凝器（池）Clarifier 澄清池up flow clarifier 升流式澄清池contact tank 接触反应池Sedimentation basins 沉淀池inlet baffle 进水挡板effluent weir 出水堰tube settler 管式沉淀池influent flow 入流reaction jet structure 喷流结构finger launder 指形槽结构effluent launder 出流槽cross baffle 横向挡板settling tank 沉淀池（settler）aqueous suspension 水悬浮液shallower basin 浅池parallel-plate settler 斜板沉淀池tube settler 斜管沉淀池feed rate 这里指水流速度laminar flow 层流filter medium 过滤介质（滤料）anthracite 无烟煤mixed-media 复合滤料back-wash 反冲洗hydraulic grading水力分级High-Rate Sedimentation Basins 高效澄清池Slow and Rapid Sand Filter慢砂滤池和快砂滤池Mixed-media Filter 复合滤料滤池specific gravity 比重filter cycle 过滤周期oxidation potential 氧化电势，氧化性reduction potential 还原电势，还原性ozone 臭氧Oxidant 氧化剂Reducer 还原剂germicidal property杀菌能力（germicide杀菌剂）molecular weight 分子量Halogen 卤素pilot 试验性的Chlorination 氯化，用氯处理water-borne disease 水传播病THM S三卤甲烷breakpoint chlorination 折点加氯breakpoint dosage折点剂量free (available) chlorine 自由性氯chlorine demand 需氯量combined chlorine 化合性氯unit fourWater Pollution水污染Organic wastes有机废物municipal waste 市政污水Dissolved oxygen 溶解氧（DO）slightly soluble 微溶于水的Saturation 饱和状态saturation concentration 饱和浓度biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)生化需氧量pollutant 污染物Biodegradable 可生物降解的chemical oxygen demand (COD) 化学需氧量oxidizing agent 氧化剂wastewater treatment plant 污水处理厂total suspended solids （TSS）总悬浮固体mixed liquor suspended-solids(MLSS) 混合液悬浮固体浓度volatile suspended solids (VSS) 挥发性固体wastewater analysis 污水水质分析water pollution control水污染控制Anaerobic 厌氧菌的，厌氧引起的Aerobic 需氧的，好氧的unit fivePrimary treatment 一级处理screen 格栅grit chamber 沉砂池settler 沉淀池V-notch weir三角堰primary clarifier 初沉池turbulence 紊流primary effluent 一级出水secondary treatment 二级处理biological treatment system 生物处理系统activated-sludge system 活性污泥系统aeration basin 曝气池return activated sludge （RAS）回流污泥air diffuser 空气扩散器step aeration activated-sludge process 阶段曝气活性污泥法BOD-SS loading BOD污泥负荷mixed liquor suspended-solids(MLSS) 混合液悬浮固体浓度sequential batch reactor (SBR) 序批式（间歇式）活性污泥法primary clarifier 初沉池secondary clarifier 二沉池Sludge treatment 污泥处理volume reduction 减量化Sludge thickening 污泥浓缩gravity thickener重力浓缩池sludge scraper 刮泥器Sludge digestion 污泥消化methane-forming bacteria产甲烷菌。
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给水工程取水构筑物的术语管井deep well ,drilled well 井管从地面打到含水层，抽取地下水的井。
管井滤水管deep well screen 设置在管井动水位以下，用以从含水层中集水的有缝隙或孔隙的管段。
管井沉淀管grit compartment 位于管井最下部，用以容纳进入井内的沙粒和从水中析出的沉淀物的管段。
大口井dug well ,open well 由人工开挖或沉井法施工，设置井筒，以截取浅层地下水的构筑物。
井群batter of wells 数个井组成的群体。
渗渠infiltration gallery 壁上开孔，以集取浅层地下水的水平管渠。
地下水取水构筑物反滤层inverted layer 在大口井或渗渠进水处铺设的粒径沿水流方向由细到粗的级配砾层(简称反滤层)泉室spring chamber 集取泉水的构筑物。
进水间intake chamber 连接取水管与吸水井、内设格栅或格网的构筑物。
格网screen 一种网状的用以拦截水中较大尺寸的漂浮物、水生动物或其他污染物的拦污设备。
其网眼尺寸较格栅为小。
11、吸水井suction well 为水泵吸水管专门设置的构筑物。
排水工程中物理量的术语及其涵义生化需氧量biochmical oxygen demand 水样在一定条件下，于一定期间内(一般采用5日、20℃)进行需氧化所消耗的溶解氧量。
英文简称BOD。
化学需氧量chemical oxygen demand 水样中可氧化物从氧化剂重铬酸钾中所吸收的氧量。
英文简称COD。
耗氧量oxygen consumption 水样中氧化物从氧化剂高锰酸钾所吸收的氧量。
英文简称OC或CODMn 。
悬浮固体suspended solid 水中呈悬浮状态的固体，一般指用滤纸过滤水样，将滤后截留物在105℃温度中干燥恒重后的固体重量。
英文简称SS常用名词中英文对照给水工程water supply engineering 原水的取集和处理以及成品水输配的工程。
排水工程sewerage ,wastewater engineering 收集、输送、处理和处置废水的工程。
给水系统water supply system 给水的取水、输水、水质处理和配水等设施以一定方式组合成的总体。
排水系统sewerage system 排水的收集、输送、水质处理和排放等设施以一定方式组合成的总体。
给水水源water source 给水工程所取用的原水水体。
原水raw water 由水源地取来的原料水。
地表水surface water 存在于地壳表面，暴露于大气的水。
地下水ground water 存在于地壳岩石裂缝或工壤空隙中的水。
苦咸水(碱性水) brackish water ,alkaline water 碱度大于硬度的水，并含大量中性盐，PH值大于7。
淡水fresh water 含盐量小于500mg/L的水。
冷却水cooling water 用以降低被冷却对象温度的水。
废水wastewater 居民活动过程中排出的水及径流雨水的总称。
它包括生活污水、工业废水和初雨径流以及流入排水管渠的其它水。
污水sewage ,wastewater 受一定污染的来自生活和生产的排出水。
用水量water consumption 用水对象实际使用的水量。
-污水量wastewater flow ,sewage flow 排水对象排入污水系统的水量。
用水定额water flow norm 对不同的排水对象，在一定时期内制订相对合理的单位排水量的数值。
排水定额wastewater flow norm 对不同的排水对象，在一定时期内制订相对合理的单位排水量的数值。
水质water quality 在给水排水工程中，水的物理、化学、生物学等方面的性质。
渠道channel ,conduit 天然、人工开凿、整治或砌筑的输水通道。
泵站pumping house 设置水泵机组、电气设备和管道、闸阀等的房屋。
泵站pumping station 泵房及其配套设施的总称。
给水处理water treatment 对不符合用不对象水质要求的水。
进行水质改善的过程。
污水处理sewage treatment ,wastewater treatment 为使污水达到排水某一水体或再次使用的水质要求，对其进行净化的过程。
废水处理wastewater disposal 对废水的最终安排。
一般将废水排入地表水体、排放土地和再次使用等。
格栅bar screen 一种栅条形的隔污设备，用以拦截水中较大尺寸的漂浮物或其他杂物。
曝气aeration 水与气体接触，进行溶氧或散除水中溶解性气体和挥发性物质的过程。
沉淀sedimentation 利用重力沉降作用去除水中杂物的过程。
澄清clarification 通过与高浓度沉渣层的接触而去除水中杂物的过程。
过滤filtration 借助粒状材料或多孔介质截除水中质物的过程。
离子交换法ion exchange 采用离子交换剂去除水中某些盐类离子的过程。
氯化chlorination 在水中投氯或含氯氧化物方法消灭病原体的过程。
余氯residual chlorine 水中投氯，经一定时间接触后，在水中余留的游离性氯和结合性氯的总和。
游离性余氯free residual chlorine 水中以次氯酸和次氯酸盐形态存在的余氯。
结合性余氯combinative residual chlorine 水中以二氯胺和一氯胺形态存在的余氯。
污泥sludge 在水处理过程中产生的，以及排水管渠中沉积的固体与水的混合物或胶体物。
污泥处理sludge treatment 对污泥的最终安排。
一般将污泥作农肥、制作建筑材料、填埋和投弃等。
水头损失head loss 水流通过管渠、设备和构筑物等所引起的能量消耗。
给水工程中系统和水量方面的术语直流水系统once through system 水经过一次使用后即行排放或处理后排放的给水系统。
复用水系统water reuse system 水经重复利用后再行排放或处理后排放的给水系统。
循环水系统recirculation system 水经使用后不予排放而循环利用或处理后循环利用的给水系统。
生活用水domestic water 人类日常生活所需用的水。
生产用水process water 生产过程所需用的水。
消防用水fire demand 扑灭火灾所需用的水。
浇洒道路用水street flushing demand ,road watering 对城镇道路进行保养、清洗、降温和消尘等所需用水。
绿化用水green belt sprinkling ,green plot sprinkling 对市政绿地等所需用的水。
给水工程中净水构筑物的术语净水构筑物purification structure 以去除水中悬浮固体和胶体杂质等为主要目的的构筑物的总称。
投药chemical dosing 为进行水处理而向水中加一定剂量的化学药剂的过程。
混合mixing 使投入的药剂迅速均匀地扩散于被处理水中以创造良好的凝聚反应条件的过程。
凝聚coagulation 为了消除胶体颗粒间的排斥力或破坏其亲水性，使颗粒易于相互接触而吸附的过程。
絮凝flocculation A、完成凝聚的胶体在一定的外力扰动下相互碰撞、聚集以形成较大絮状颗粒的过程。
曾用名反应。
B、高分子絮凝剂在悬浮固体和胶体杂质之间吸附架桥的过程。
自然沉淀plain sedimentation 不加注任何凝聚剂的沉淀过程。
凝聚沉淀coagulation sedimentation 加注凝聚剂的沉淀过程。
凝聚剂coagulant 在凝聚过程中所投加的药剂的统称。
助凝剂coagulant aid 在水的沉淀、澄清过程中，为改善絮凝效果，另设加的辅助药剂。
药剂固定储备量standby reserve 为考虑非正常原因导致药剂供应中断，而在药剂仓库内设置的在一般情况下不准动用的储备量。
简称固定储备量。
药剂周转储备量current reserve 考虑药剂消耗与供应时间之间差异所需的储备量。
简称周转储备量。
沉沙池(沉砂池)desilting basin ,grit chamber 去除水中自重很大、能自然沉降的较大粒径沙粒或杂粒的水池。
预沉池pre-sedimentation tank 原水中泥沙颗粒较大或浓度较高时，在进行凝聚沉淀处理前设置的沉淀池。
平流沉淀池horizontal flow sedimentation tank 水沿水平方向流动的沉淀池。
异向流斜管(或斜板)沉淀池tube(plate)settler 池内设置斜管(或斜板)，水自下而上经斜管(或斜板)进行沉淀，沉泥沿斜管(或斜板)向下滑动的沉淀的池。
同向流斜板沉淀池lamella 池内设置斜板，沉淀过程在斜板内进行，水流与沉泥均沿斜板向下流动的沉淀池。
机械搅拌澄清池accelerator 利用机械使水提升和搅拌，促使泥渣循环，并使原水中固体杂质与己形成的泥渣接触絮凝而分离沉淀的水池。
水力循环澄清池circulator clarifier 利用水力使水提升，促使泥渣循环，并使原水中固体杂质与己形成的泥渣接触絮凝而分离沉淀的水池。
脉冲澄清池pulsator 悬浮层不断产生固周期性的压缩和膨胀，促使原水中固体杂质与己形成的泥渣进行接触凝聚页分离沉淀的水池。
悬浮澄清池sludge blanket clarifier 加药后的原水由上通过处于悬浮状态的泥渣层，使水中杂质与泥渣悬浮层的颗粒碰撞凝聚而分离沉淀的水池。
液面负荷surface load 在沉淀池、澄清池等沉淀构筑物的净化部分中，单位液(水)面积所负担的出水流量。
其计量单位通常以m3/(m2.h)表示。
气浮池floatation tank 运用絮凝和浮选原理使液体中的杂质分离上浮而去除的池子。
气浮溶气罐dissolved air vessel 在气浮工艺中，水与空气在有压条件下相互溶合的密闭容器。
简称溶气罐。
清水池clear-water reservoir 为贮存水厂中净化后的清水，以调节水厂制水量与供水量之间的差额，并为满足加氯接触时间而设置的水池。
给水工程中输配水管网的术语配水管网distribution system ，pipe system 将水送到分配管网以至用户的管系。
环状管网pipe network 配水管网的一种置形式，管道纵横相互接通，形成环状。
枝状管网branch system 配水管网的一种布置形式，干管和支管分明，形成树枝状。
水管支墩buttress ,anchorage 为防止由管内水压引起的水管配件接头移位而造成漏水，需在水管干线适当部位砌筑的墩座。