虚拟语气 if非真实条件句
if引导的非真实条件句
if引导的非真实条件句If引导的条件句是英语中常用的句型之一，用于表达假设、虚拟情况或不可能实现的条件。
在非真实条件句中，我们可以使用不同的时态和语气来表示不同的意思。
接下来，本文将详细介绍If引导的非真实条件句的用法和相关细节。
一、表示无法实现的条件1. 虚拟语气（与现在事实相反）如果现在条件与事实相反，我们可以使用虚拟语气来表达。
在这种情况下，如果引导的非真实条件句中的谓语动词使用过去式形式，主句中的动词应该使用would/could/might + 动词原形。
例如：If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky.（如果我是一只鸟，我就会在天空中飞翔。
）If she had more time, she could finish the project.（如果她有更多时间，她就能完成这个项目。
）2. 过去完成时（与过去事实相反）当条件与过去事实相反时，我们可以使用过去完成时来表达。
在这种情况下，If引导的非真实条件句中的谓语动词使用过去完成时形式，主句中的动词应该使用would/could/might + have + 过去分词。
例如：If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.（如果我学得更努力，我就会通过考试。
）If they had arrived earlier, we could have watched the sunset.（如果他们早点到达，我们就可以欣赏到日落。
）二、表示可能实现的条件1. 一般现在时（与现在事实相符）如果条件与现在事实相符，我们可以使用一般现在时来表达。
在这种情况下，If引导的非真实条件句中的谓语动词使用一般现在时形式，主句中的动词通常使用will/shall/can/may/must等情态动词。
例如：If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.（如果明天下雨，我们就会呆在家里。
if引导的非真实性条件状语从句即虚拟语气
if 引导的非真实性条件状语从句即虚拟语气通过动词形式的变化来表示说话人对发生的动作或存在的状态所持的态度或看法的动词形式称为语气。
.英语中的语气分三种：陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气。
虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种祝愿，建议，与事实相反的假设或实际可能性不大的情况等（即非真实的假设）。
If 引导的条件状语从句分为真实和非真实条件句（虚拟条件句）。
真实条件句表示在假设的条件下，有可能实现的情况。
非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
If he does n’t hurry up, he will miss the bus.( 真实条件状语)If he was free, he asked me to tell stories.（真实条件状语）If I were you, I would go at once.（非真实条件状语从句）If there was no air, people would die.（非真实条件状语从句）1）非真实条件句中虚拟语气的基本形式。
假设类型条件从句的动词结果主句的动词与现在事实相反动词过去式（be只用were）would/should/could/might + 动词原形与过去事实相反had+过去分词would/should/could/might + have + 过去分词与将来事实相反动词过去式/(should/were to)+动词原形would/should/could/might + 动词原形①与现在事实相反If I had time, I would go for a walk.如果我有时间，我就会去散步。
(实际情况：我现在没有时间，也不会去散步。
)If I were you, I would take an umbrella.假如我是你的话，我会带上雨伞。
(事实上我不可能是你。
)I would say no if someone asked me to be in a movie.假如有人请我当电影演员，我会表示拒绝。
高考英语复习语法知识专题讲解10---虚拟语气(解析版)
引导的让步和方式状语从 as if/though
He looks as if he were an artist.
句
He talked about the accident as if he had seen it.
in order that, so that, in case, for fear that
提前，即 故填 were/should/had
Were/Should/Had I..., Were
4. have fallen 解析：句意：要是没有政府和科学家的合作，与艾滋病相关的死亡人数就不会从 2005 年的 最高值降下来。从句“Had...not worked together”是对过去情况的假设，所以主句谓语要用 wouldn't have done.
necessary, natural, strange, important,
等 用 于 句 型 surprising, vital
“It
中， 引导的主语从 is+adj.+that...” that
句中谓语动词常用“（should)do”形式
It is necessary that he(should)sort out the information for my reference.
高考英语复习语法知识专题讲解 专题十 虚拟语气
一．虚拟语气在 if 非真实条件句中的应用
虚拟条件从句(if)
主句
与现在事实相反的 主语+did/were
假设
与过去事实相反的 主语+had done
假设
与将来事实相反的 主语+ 1.did/were
假设
2.should do
if非真实条件句
1.I am sure that Huston Rockets ___ the game, if Yao Ming’s knee had not been hurt.A. would winB. might have wonC. will win D, could win2.____ the truth, he wouldn’t have lent her any money.A. Jack has knownB. If Jack knownC. Should Jack knowD. Had Jack known4. Given more time and money, he ___ better than what it is.A. didB. had doneC. could have doneD. would do5. Without your encouragement and support, we ___ .A. should not succeededB. would not succeededC. would have succeededD. would not have succeeded6. The same thing, happening in war time, ____ great disaster.A. will amount toB. amounted toC. would have amounted toD. would amount to7. If I ___ the job, I would do it in a different way.A. would doB. doC. shall doD. were to do8. He ___ ten lectures on American history, but he.only gave two because of his illness.A. had givenB. gaveC. should have givenD. must have given9. Any man in his position ___ like that.A. have doneB. would have doneC. would be doneD. would be doing10. Five minutes earlier, I ___ the flight.A. have caughtB. had caughtC. could have caughtD. were to catch11. Our director was absent. Otherwise, I ___ the chair.A. would not takeB. didn’t takeC. hadn’t takenD. wouldn’t have taken12. If you explained the situation to your lawyer, he ___ able to advise you much better than Ican.A. would beB. will have beenC. wasD. were13. __ you __ further problems with your printer, contact your dealer (经销商) for advice.A. If, hadB. Have, hadC. Should, haveD. In case, had14. Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she ___ much better results now.A. would be gettingB. could have gotC. must getD. would get15. If there were no subjunctive mood, English ____ much easier to learn.A. could have beenB. would beC. will beD. would have been。
虚拟语气讲解
If I had a million dollars now, I would…
如果我有一百万美元，我会为我的家人买一座别墅。 If I had a million dollars now, I would buy a villa(别墅) for my family. 如果我有一百万美元，我会环游世界。 If I had a million dollars now, I would travel around the world. 如果我有一百万美元，我会去购物。 If I had a million dollars now, I would go shopping. 如果我有一百万美元，我会把它捐给慈善机构。 If I had a million dollars now, I would donate it to a charity organizaall match We would have won the match 如果杰克踢进那个球(score that goal), 如果我们还有多几分钟,
如果我们更加刻苦地训练,
如果本(Ben)把球传给了乔(Joe), 如果有成千的球迷为我们尖叫(scream for us), 如果我死死的盯住球(take one’s eyes off sth)， 如果我前个晚上不熬夜(stay up late)， 如果我们没有掉以轻心(take it easy)， 如果我们没有精疲力竭(run out of), 我们本来是会得冠
虚拟(非真实)条件句 主句
与现在 事实相 反的假 设 与过去 相反的 假设
If+主语+动词的过去式 （动词be用were)
主语+should/
If+主语+had +过去分词
高中虚拟语气用法解析
高中虚拟语气用法解析（完整版）一．虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的应用非真实条件句：if引导的条件状语从句，但是实现该条件的可能性极小或不可能实现1.表示与过去事实相反Eg.If my car had been more reliable,I would have driven to my office.2.表示与现在事实相反Eg.In fact,it is certain that we would not be able to understand it if we heard it today.3.表示与将来事实相反Eg.If you succeed,everything would be all right.Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she were to live there,she wouldn't be able to see her parents.4.注意事项(1)W as不可以替代were，虚拟语气中，从句中be动词只有were(2)错综时间条件句：条件句的行为和主句行为发生的时间不一致，动词的形式按照主句和从句各自的时间调整。
Eg.If he had listened to me, he would not be in such trouble now. If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better.(3)虚拟条件句中的谓语动词含有were/ should /had 时，if可省略，而将were/ should /had 置于主语前面Eg.What would have happened had Bob walked farther as far as the river bank?Should he agree to go there, we should send him there. Were it Sunday tomorrow, we should go to the great wall.两个固定搭配：①Were it not for 要不是...就②Had it not been for 要不是...就If it were not for （Were it not for）the bad weather now, we would go to the park to fly kites.If it had not been for（Had it not been for） the bad weather yesterday, we would have gone to the park to fly kites. （4）含蓄虚拟条件句：有时假设的情况不是以if条件句来表示。
if引导地非真实性条件状语从句即虚拟语气
if 引导的非真实性条件状语从句即虚拟语气通过动词形式的变化来表示说话人对发生的动作或存在的状态所持的态度或看法的动词形式称为语气。
.英语中的语气分三种：陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气。
虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种祝愿，建议，与事实相反的假设或实际可能性不大的情况等（即非真实的假设）。
If 引导的条件状语从句分为真实和非真实条件句（虚拟条件句）。
真实条件句表示在假设的条件下，有可能实现的情况。
非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus.( 真实条件状语)If he was free, he asked me to tell stories.（真实条件状语）If I were you, I would go at once.（非真实条件状语从句）If there was no air, people would die.（非真实条件状语从句）1）非真实条件句中虚拟语气的基本形式。
假设类型条件从句的动词结果主句的动词与现在事实相反动词过去式（be只用were）would/should/could/might + 动词原形与过去事实相反 had+过去分词 would/should/could/might +have + 过去分词与将来事实相反动词过去式/(should/were to)+动词原形would/should/could/might + 动词原形①与现在事实相反If I had time, I would go for a walk.如果我有时间，我就会去散步。
(实际情况：我现在没有时间，也不会去散步。
)If I were you, I would take an umbrella.假如我是你的话，我会带上雨伞。
(事实上我不可能是你。
)I would say no if someone asked me to be in a movie.假如有人请我当电影演员，我会表示拒绝。
虚拟语气总结
虚拟语气1、if非真实条件句的虚拟语气其动词的主要形式例句：1）If I were the major of Beijing, I would try to solve the problem of transportation. （对现在的假设）如果我是北京市市长的话，我会努力解决交通问题。
2）If you had attended yesterday’s meeting, you would have known the result of election. （对过去的假设）如果昨天你参加了那个会议，你就会知道选举的结果。
3）If he should have much money tomorrow, what might he do? （对将来的假设）要是他明天有了大笔钱财，他将干什么？2. 省掉if的倒装语序如果非真实条件句中的谓语动词中含有were，had或should，则通过主谓倒装方式可以省略连词if,将were, had, should提到主语前。
例如:1) If he should refuse to appear in court, he might be held guilty.Should he refuse to appear in court, he might be held guilty.他如果拒不出庭，也许会被认为有罪。
2) If they were to miss the 10 o’clock train, they wouldn’t get there on time.Were they t o miss the 10 o’cloc k train, they wouldn’t get there on time.要是他们赶不上10点的火车，他们就不会按时赶到那了。
3) If she had gone there alone, she would have been in trouble.Had she gone there alone, she would have been in trouble.要是她独自去哪的话，她就会遇到麻烦了。
虚拟语气
It is
that
（should） do
Examples:
It is suggested that we (should) protect our environment. 我们该保护环境了。 It is necessary that we protect our environment. 我们必须保护环境了。 It is a pity that you (should) miss it again. 真可 惜你又错过了。 It is insisted that he do his homework by himself.
历届真题详解
5. I think it’s high time we _______ strict measures to stop pollution. (02.12.A) A) will take B) take
C) took
D) have taken
6. He talked as if he (do) ________ all the work himself, but in fact Tom and I did most of it. (2001.1.B级)
虚拟语气
一、概述
虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语 法项目几乎是二级必考的内容
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来 表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是 一种假设、愿望、怀疑、建议或推测。 常见的虚拟语气类型：
1．If引导的非真实条件句
A．与现在事实相反的假设
主句 would （should）等 +动词原形
2. wish引导的宾语从句
高中英语语法-虚拟语气全总结
虚拟语气用法总结大全一．虚拟语气在非真实条件句中二．虚拟语气在名词从句中1.在由suggest, demand, require, request, insist, order, command, propose等表示建议、请求、命令、愿望等动词或其同根词引出的名词从句中，名词从句虚拟句的谓语变化的形式只有一条规律——名词从句虚拟句无论其主句的谓语动词时何种形式，从句的谓语形式均为should+动词原形，其中should可以省三．虚拟语气的其他用法省一．虚拟语气在非真实条件句中1. — If the traffic hadn't been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 o'clock.—What a pity! Tina ______ here to see you. (2005 湖南)A. isB. wasC. would beD. has been2. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ______ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. (2002 上海)A. wouldn't have fallenB. had not fallenC. should fallD. were to fall3. He hesitated（犹豫）for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ______ a goal. (2001 上海春)A. had scoredB. scoredC. would scoreD. would have scored4. You didn't let me drive. If we _____in turn, you_____ so tired. (NMET96)A. drove; didn't getB. drove; wouldn't getC. were driving; wouldn't getD. had driven; wouldn't have got5. I didn't see your sister at the meeting. If she ______, she would have met my brother. (1994全国)A. has comeB. did comeC. cameD. had come6. -----If he__________, he __________that food.------Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. (MET93)A. was warned; would not takeB. had been warned; would not have takenC. would be warned; would not have takenD. would have been warned; had not taken7. If it_____ for the snow, we_____ the mountain yesterday. (MET91)A. were not; could have climbedB. were not; could climbC. had not been; could have climbedD. had not been; could climb8. Without electricity human life____ quite different today. (MET91)A. isB. will beC. would have beenD. would be11. --- Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.--- I it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview. (福建34’)A. attendedB. had attendedC. would attendD. would have attended12. I _______ through that bitter period without your generous help. ( 陕西22’)A. couldn’t have goneB. didn’t goC. wouldn’t goD. hadn’t gone13. I ______ sooner but I didn’t know that they we re waiting for me. (天津15’)A. had comeB. was comingC. would comeD. would have come14. I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I fully occupied the whole of last week.A. wereB. had beenC. have beenD. was16. Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount time and energy .（2010浙江）A. would have been savedB. had been savedC. will be savedD. was saved17. ---- The weather has been very hot and dry.---- Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables .（2010北京）A. wouldn’t dieB. didn’t dieC. hadn’t diedD. wouldn’t have died18. If we the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. (2010湖南)A .followedB .should follow C. had followed D. would follow20. This printer is of good quality. If it _______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. (09天津15) A. would B. should C. could D. might 21. ------ Did you go to his wedding ceremony yesterday ? ------- No. But I would if I had been free. (改错) 二．虚拟语气在名词从句中1. — Where are the children? T he dinner’s going to be completely ruined.— I wish they always late. （北京28’）A. weren’tB. hadn’t beenC. wouldn’t beD. wouldn’t have been2. ______ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account. (05 上海)A. What is requiredB. What requiresC. It is requiredD. It requires3. —— Don't you think it necessary that he ______ to Miami but to New York?—— I agree, but the problem is ______ he has refused to. (2005 江苏)A. will not be sent; thatB. not be sent; thatC. should not be sent; whatD. should not send; what4.①The chairman suggested that the meeting _________________(put off) until the next week.②The look on his face suggested that he ____________(be) angry with what you did.5. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we it without you. （08山东）A. can manageB. could have managedC. could manageD. can have managed6. The doctor recommended that you ____swim after eating a large meal.A. wouldn’tB. couldn’tC. needn’tD. shouldn’t (09浙江13)7.①The man in prison insisted that he _________nothing wrong and _________set free.A. had done, should beB. should do, should beC. had done, had beenD. should do, had b een②The patient insisted that he _________ill and _________to the hospital.A. wasn’t, wasn’t sentB. wasn’t, shouldn’t be sentC. shouldn’t be, wasn’t sentD. shouldn’t be, shouldn’t be se nt8.The workers demanded that their wages ＿＿＿by 20 percent.A. raisedB. raiseC. should have been raisedD. be raised9. At the meeting everybody was against his suggestion that a new bridge ＿＿＿over the river.A. be builtB. must be builtC. was to be builtD. had to be built10. It is politely requested by the hotel manager that radios ＿＿＿after 11 o’clock at night.A. were not playedB. not be playedC. not to playD. did not play11. It is essential(必要的，重要的) that the books you borrowed from the library ＿＿＿back before thedeadline(截止日期).A. be sentB. would be sentC. were sentD. must be sent三．虚拟语气的其他用法1. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I ＿＿＿your advice.A. followB. had followedC. would followD. have followed2. Without the air to hold some of the sun's heat, the earth at night ______, too cold for us to live. (97 上海)A. would be freezing coldB. will be freezing coldlyC. would be frozen coldD. can freeze coldly3. It is necessary ＿＿＿the dictionary immediately.A. that he will returnB. that he returnedC. that he returnD. that he has to return4. It’s already five o’clock now. Do you think it’s about time ＿＿＿?A. we are going homeB. we go homeC. we went homeD. we can go home5. It ‘s high time you ＿＿＿that you are not the most important person in the worldA. realizedB. have realizedC. realizeD. should be realizing6. You don’t have to be in such a hurry. I would rather you ＿＿＿on business first.A. would goB. will goC. wentD. have gone7. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he more on its culture.A .focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused（2010江苏）8. I have watched that movie——it’ll give me horrible dreams.A. shouldn’tB. needn’tC. couldn’tD. mustn’t （2010山东）9. But for their help, we ___ the program in time. (09安徽34)A. can not finishB. will not finishC. had not finishedD. could not have finished10. But for the help of my English teacher, I ____ the first prize in the English Writing Competition.A. would not winB. would not have wonC. would winD. would have won (09福建35)11. What a pity? Considering his ability and experience, he better. （08江西）A. need have doneB. must have doneC. can have doneD. might have done12. If it were not for the fact that she _____ sing, I would invite her to the party. (2006 福建)A. couldn’tB. couldC. can’tD. might not13. ______ fired, your health care and other benefits would be immediately cut off.(2006 湖北)A. Would you beB. Should you beC. Could you beD. Might you be14. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ______. (1995 全国)A. breaksB. has brokenC. were brokenD. had been broken15. ______for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films often. (1995 上海)A. If it is notB. Were it notC. Had it not beenD. If they were not16. What would have happened _________ , as far as the river bank? (NMET 2001 上海)A. Bob had walked fartherB. if Bob should walk fartherC. had Bob walked farther C. if Bob walked farther。
if 非真实条件句中的虚拟语气
一，if 非真实条件句中的虚拟语气1，if非真实条件句的基本用法由if一道的非真实条件句表示对现在，过去，将来的事实进行假设时，主句与从句谓语动词的形式可分为下列三种形式：1,The victim would have had a chance to survive if he had been taken to hospital in time.遇难者如果及时送到医院，他本来会有机会活下来的。
（与过去事实相反）2,If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you.如果我知道他的电话号码，我会告诉你。
（与现在事实相反）3,If there should be a heavy snow next Sunday,we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪的话，我们就不去滑冰了。
（表将来）2，省略if的虚拟条件句的用法在虚拟条件句中，如果从句中含有were，had或should 等词时，可将if省去，把were，had或should等提到主语之前，引起倒装。
如果居中没有were，had或should 等，则不能省略if，也不能倒装结构。
例如：Had it not been for the fact that she broke her leg,she might have passed the exam.要是她没有摔断腿，也许她会通过考试。
3,错综时间虚拟条件句有些时候，条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生在不同的时间，比如一个是过去发生的，一个是现在发生的。
这是，主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟形式。
例如：If they had invited me ,I would go with them now.如果他们邀请过我，我现在就和他们一起走了。
二，介词或介词短语表示虚拟条件有些介词或介词短语隐含条件之义，其虚拟形式与if引导的非真实条件状语从句类似，需根据从句所用的时态，来选择主句的谓语形式。
if+条件从句虚拟语气讲义
If 条件从句（虚拟语气）If 条件句可分为真实条件句和非真实条件句。
一．真实条件句：用于假设可能发生但不确定的事情。
If you don’t hurry, you will be late for school. (假设可能发生的情况)If he comes here, I will go shopping with him. (假设可能发生的情况)二．非真实条件句：用于假设不太可能发生或与事实相反的事，须用虚拟语气。
(虚拟条件句，谓语永远是过去)If I were you, I would tell him the truth.(事实是我不可能是你)If we never slept, we all would get better grades.(事实是我们不可能不睡觉)从句通常分为三种情况：与现在事实相反，与过去事实相反，与将来事实相反。
1.与现在事实相反；从句：if+主语+did. (be动词都用were)主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do. （我是迈克）If I were rich, I shall/would not work. (事实是我现在没钱)If he had time, he would/might help you.If you knew the truth, could you tell me?If I were the principal, I would plant more trees in our school.If he were here, everyone would be all right.If I had enough money, I would buy a new car.2.与过去事实相反；从句：if+主语+had+done.主句：主语+should/would/could/might+have+done. （我是迈克）If the police had caught the thieves, they would have put them in prison.If you had work harder, you might have succeeded.If I had got earlier, I would not have been late for school.If it had not been for your help yesterday, I could not have caught the bus.If the weather had been nice yesterday, we would have gone for a picnic.3.与将来事实相反；从句：①if+主语+should+do.②if+主语+did. (be动词都用were)③if+主语+were to do.主句：主语+should/would/could/might+be/do. （我是迈克）If he should go to the university, he would be very proud.If it were to snow tomorrow, we would make snowmen.If we had less homework than usual, we would play games.If he succeeded/should succeed/were to succeed, everything would be all right.If you should fail, what would you do?三．省略if的虚拟语气（倒装句）如果if从句中含有were/had/should (我很帅)，则可以把if 省略，把这三个词放置句首形成倒装句。
if引导的非真实条件句的三种类型
"if引导的非真实条件句" 是指在现实情况中，条件句中的情况并不一定能够实现，或者实现的可能性很小。
这种句子通常用来表达与事实相反的情况，或者在虚拟环境中进行假设。
以下是 if 引导的非真实条件句的三种类型：1. 与现在事实相反或不可能发生的情况：这种类型的句子使用了一般现在时和一般过去时，但实际上这两种时态并不矛盾，因为它们只是表达了假设的情况。
例如：If I had enough money, I would buy a car. （如果我有很多钱，我会买车。
）If he were here, he would help us. （如果他在这里，他会帮助我们。
）2. 与过去事实相反或不可能发生的情况：这种类型的句子使用了过去完成时和过去进行时。
例如：If he had known your phone number, he would have called you. （如果他知道你的电话号码，他会打电话给你。
）If they had been here, they would have seen the movie. （如果他们在这里，他们会看到电影。
）3. 与将来事实相反或不可能发生的情况：这种类型的句子使用了过去将来时和过去将来进行时。
例如：If it were to rain tomorrow, we would stay at home. （如果明天下雨，我们会待在家里。
）If they were to come with us, we would plan to go out. （如果他们和我们一起去，我们会计划出去玩。
）。
虚拟语气
专题19 虚拟语气Ⅰ. 在非真实条件句中，表示与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反，以及对将来情况的推测。
1. if 虚拟条件句：2. if 虚拟条件句中的倒装：省略if，把were; had; should 置于句首：Were she my daughter, I would never let her do like that.Had I realized you knew about everything I should not have wasted my time explaining them to you.Should you change your mind, let us know.3. if it + be not for 结构:(1) If it were not for the rain, the crops would die.(2) If it had not been for your help, we couldn’t have finished the work in time.4. 错综时态的判断：有时条件从句中说的是与过去事实相反的情况，而主句中说的则是与当前事实相反的情况：If I had reviewed my grammar last night, I could answer the question now.（昨天晚上要是复习一下语法，我现在就能回答这个问题了。
）翻译：要是听了医生的话，你现在就不会象这样躺在医院的病床上了。
Had you taken the doctor's advice, you would not be lying in bed like this in the hospital.4. 有时虚拟条件句并没用if 从句表示出来，而是用介词短语、上下文或其它方式来表示：常用词汇: with; without; but for; otherwise; or; but, though, etc.(1)What would you do with a million dollars? (= if you had a million dollars)(2)We couldn’t have finished the work in time without your help.(3)But for the rain, we would have finished the work.(4)I was ill that day; otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet.(5)He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.(6)I might have given you more help, but I was busy at that time.(7)Einstein cared little for money, though he could have been very rich.Ⅱ. 后接用虚拟语气从句的词汇：1.动词：suggest; advise; insist; order; demand; require; request; propose, command, etc.(1)They suggested that she (should) wear a red skirt.(2)It is suggested that we (should) start off early.(3)He advised that we (should) have a rest.(4)The parents of the boy insisted that Dr Smith (should) treat their son and be in charge of the operation.(5)The doctor ordered that the patient (should) be sent to hospital without delay.★suggest表示“暗示、表明”意思时和insist表示“坚持认为”意思时，不用虚拟语气：(6)The smile on his face suggested that he was pleased with our work.(7)The man insisted that he did not do anything wrong.2.名词：suggestion; advice; insistence; order; demand; requirement; request; proposal; command, etc.(1)We all agreed to his suggestion that we should begin the project at once.(2)His suggestion is that we should begin the project at once.(3)His advice that we should not buy another machine is reasonable.(4)The doctor’s order is that the patient (should) be sent to hospital without delay.3.形容词：important, necessary, natural, surprising, strange, amazing, odd，ridiculous, vital, etc.(1)It is strange that the car should break down today in exactly the same place where it broke downyesterday.(2)It is necessary that you should read more books to improve your English.(3)It's really surprising that it should have rained for so many days.(4)It is important that one (should) learn to speak a foreign language.(5)It was natural that he should oppose a plan like that.Ⅲ. wish 后从句中：表示一种不可能的愿望：过去时：表现在；过去完成式：表过去；could/ would/ might + do：表将来：(1)I wish (that) I were a bird and could fly in the sky.(2)I wish (that) I had met the pop star yesterday.(3)How I wish it weren’t raining now.Ⅳ. 其他短语或句型结构中：1.在would rather 后的从句中(1) 用动词的一般过去形式来表示说话者的选择。
英语中在非真实条件句中虚拟语气
英语中在非真实条件句中虚拟语气虚拟语气用于非真实条件句中有下列几种情形：1. 表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，非真实条件句中的谓语动词用“过去式(be动词一般用were)”，而主句的谓语动词用“would / should / could / might + 动词原形”。
如：①If I were you I would stay here. 如果我是你，我就呆在这儿。
②We would go with you if we had time. 如果我们有时间，会和你一起去的。
2. 表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，非真实条件句中的谓语动词用“过去完成时”，而主句的谓语动词用“would / should / could / might + have + 过去分词”。
如：①If he had come here yesterday, I should have told him about it. 如果他昨天到这里来，我早就告诉他这件事了。
②If I had seen you yesterday, I would have asked you about it. 如果我昨天看到你，我就会问你这件事。
3. 表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，非真实条件句中的谓语动词用“过去式或should或were to + 动词原形”，而主句的谓语动词用“would / should / could / might + 动词原形”。
如：①If it should rain this afternoon, the basketball match would be put off. 要是今天下午下雨，篮球比赛就延期举行。
②If it were to snow tomorrow, they wouldn't go for an outing. 如果明天下雪，他们就不外出游玩。
4. 错综时间条件句中的虚拟语气即当非真实条件句中表示的行为与主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。
if条件状语从句中虚拟语气
if条件状语从句中的虚拟语气一、if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句;只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气;通过句子意思,看假设的条件是否能够实现,能够实现是真实条件句,不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句,要用虚拟语气;1. “后退一步法”后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后,按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态;即：在非真实条件状语从句中,谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”;也就是：①与过去事实相反,在从句中用过去完成时形式表示;②与现在事实相反,在从句中用过去一般时形式表示;③与将来事实可能相反,在从句中用过去将来时形式表示;主句中则用情态动词would,should, could 等加一个与从句一致的动词形式;例：⑴、If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him.⑵、If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.⑶、If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn't go out.2、注意事项：①if条件句中如有were, should, had,可以省去if,并使用倒装语序;②在现代英语中if条件状与从句中的谓语动词如果是be其过去形式一般用were;二、虚拟语气在if 引导的条件句中的用法：1. If it weren’t for your help, we would get into trouble. 如果没有你们的帮助,我们就会陷入困境;而事实上得到了你们的帮助the weather were fine, I would go there. 如果天气好,我去那儿;事实天气不好I were you, I would read it again. 如果我是你的话,我再读一遍;事实上我不是你time permitted, I would write it again. 如果时间允许的话,我再写一遍;事实上时间不允许it weren’t snowing, we wouldn’t stay in the house. 要是现在不下雪的话,我们就不会待在屋里;事实上现在下雪would I do if I were in your place要是我处于你地位我会怎么办事实上我不在你的位置上he hurried, he could catch the first bus. 他要是快点能够赶上头班公共汽车;可是他不着急8. If I were you, I should buy it. 从句用过去式动词were,主句用动词原形buy9. If I had time, I would study French. 如果有时间,我会学习法文;从句用过去式动词had,主句用动词原形study10. If she knew English, she would not ask me for help. 如果她懂英文,她就不必要我帮了;从句用过去式动词knew, 主句用动词原形ask 注意：如果动作在进行中,主句要用："主语+ would be + 进行式动词+ ……" 14. If they were here, he would be speaking to them now. 从句用过去式动词were, 主句用would be speaking例如:⑴、If you had taken my advice, you would not have made such a mistake.如果你听了我的劝告,就不会犯这样的错误;事实上你没有听我的劝告⑵、I shouldn’t have been able to write such good novels if I hadn’t lived among the peasants for five years.如果我不是和农民生活了五年,就不可能写出这样好的小说;事实上我和农民生活了五年⑶、If you hadn’t invited me, I shouldn’t have come to the party.如果你不邀请我,我就不会来参加你的舞会;事实上你邀请了我⑷、If I hadn’t been ill yesterday, I might have come to school.昨天要是不生病,我是可能来上学的;事实上我生病了⑸、If he hadn’t broken the law, he wouldn’t have been put in prison.如果他不违法的话,就不会被打入监狱;事实上他违法了⑹、If I had been your headmaster, I should have dismissed you from school. 我要是你们校长的话,就把你开除学籍了;事实上我不是注意：如果动作在进行中,主句要用："主语+ would + have + 完成进行式动词+……⑺、If they had been here, he would have been speaking to them.从句动词用had been, 主句动词用have been speaking⑴、I f I were to work at this problem, I would do it in another way.要是我来解这道难题,我会用另外一种方法的;⑵、I f you were to do such a thing again, you would be punished. 如果你再做这样的事情,就会受到惩罚;⑶、I f I should work harder, I could make much more progress.假如我更努力学习的话,我会取得更大的进步;事实上我不可能努力学习⑷、I f it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.如果明天下雨的话,我将待在家里;根据天气情况,明天不可能下雨⑸、I f he should come, I could ask him for some advice.万一他来了,我就能够向他请教;事实上他来的可能性很小⑹、I f he came tomorrow, I would do it with him.如果明天他来的话,我将和他一起做此事;事实上他来的可能性很小⑺、If it should rain, the crops would be saved.从句动词用should rain,主句动词用be 如果天下雨,庄稼可能就收获了;⑻、If he were here, I would give him the books.从句动词用were, 主句动词用give 如果他在这儿,我可能会把书给他;注意：如果动作在进行中,从句不是主句要用："If + 主语+ 过去进行式动词+……"⑼、If she were staying here now, I would let her ride my horse.从句动词用were staying, 主句动词用let如果她现在留在这儿,我可能会让她骑我的马;。
非真实条件句虚拟语气的三种情况
非真实条件句虚拟语气的三种情况虚拟语气是指在表达某个假设或不可能实现的情况时所使用的语气。
它在英语中非常常见，尤其是在条件句中。
下面我们来看三种情况下的非真实条件句虚拟语气。
1.第一种情况是用于表达现在或将来的假设情况，即虚拟语气的“if+过去式would/could+动词原形”。
例如，如果我会说中文，我就可以去中国旅游了。
这是一个虚拟语气的句子，因为说话者并不会说中文，因此这个假设情况不可能实现。
但如果我真的会说中文，那么我就能去中国旅游了。
2.第二种情况是用于表达过去的假设情况，即虚拟语气的“if+过去完成时would/could+have+过去分词”。
例如，如果我当时知道这是一件骗局，我就不会把钱给了他们。
这句话表达了说话者对于过去某件事情的想象，假设说话者当时知道这个事情是一件骗局，就不会给他们钱了。
但是现在这个情况已经不能改变。
3.第三种情况是用于表示愿望或建议，即虚拟语气的“if+过去式/过去完成时+should/were to+动词原形”。
例如，如果我赢了彩票，我就会捐一部分给慈善机构。
这个句子表达了说话者对于未来的愿望，如果真的赢了彩票，就会捐一部分给慈善机构。
但实际上，说话者并没有赢得彩票，这也是一个不可能实现的情况。
总之，虚拟语气在英语中非常常见，能够用来表达各种各样的假设情况，包括现在、将来和过去，还能够用来表示愿望或建议。
熟练运用虚拟语气会让你的英语表达更加生动自然。
if条件状语从句中虚拟语气
if条件状语从句中的虚拟语气一、if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。
只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。
通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。
1. “后退一步法”后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后，按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。
即：在非真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。
也就是：①与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。
②与现在事实相反，在从句中用过去一般时形式表示。
③与将来事实可能相反，在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。
主句中则用情态动词would,should, could 等加一个与从句一致的动词形式。
例：⑴、If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him.⑵、If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.⑶、If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn't go out.2、注意事项：①if条件句中如有were, should, had，可以省去if，并使用倒装语序。
②在现代英语中if条件状与从句中的谓语动词如果是be其过去形式一般用were。
二、虚拟语气在if 引导的条件句中的用法：（一）、表示与现在事实相反的情况。
其句子结构为：从句：if + 主语+ 动词的过去式(be 用were) + ,,，主句：主语+ would (should, could , might) + 动词原形+ ,,例：1. If it weren’t for your help, we would get into trouble. 如果没有你们的帮助，我们就会陷入困境。
（而事实上得到了你们的帮助）2.If the weather were fine, I would go there. 如果天气好，我去那儿。
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Situation 3
What would you do if…(come to perform in our school tomorrow)?
came to our school tomorrow, If he were to come to our school tomorrow,
should come to our school tomorrow,
should
would sb could + do
might should
现在
would sb could + do
might should
将来
I.Fill in the blanks.
a. If they _w_e_r_e(be) here now, they _w__o_u_ld__t_a_k_e (take) your advice.
b. If the world-war _b_r_o_k_e(break) out again, what _w_o_u_l_d__h_a_p_p_e_n_ (happen) to our people on earth?
c. If I _h_a_d_h_a_d__ ( have) more time, I would have gone with him.
If I were a tree, I would bring people coolness in hot summer;
All the animals and plants are our friends. If we had paid attention to protecting nature, we would not have lost so many friends…
If 条件句
非真实条件句
主句
Situation 过去 现在
将来
If clause
If sb had done
were
If sb
did
If sb
did/were were to do
should do
Main clause
Situation
would
sb could+ have done 过去
might
A. rains
B. is raining
C. had rained
D. should rain
4. If I had known that, I ____ so.
Situation 2
If the ship hadn’t sunk, ____________________.
Sink-sunk- sunk
A.Jack and Rose would have got married. B.There would not have been so many people killed. C.They would have lived a happy life. D…
It is used to express unreal conditions.
虚拟语气表示与事实相反或不太可能发生的情况
Situation 1
If I won the lottery, ______________________.
• A. I would buy an expensive car. • B. I would travel around the world. • C. I would donate it for charity. • D….
d. If Tom _h_a_d__b_e_e_n_(be) more careful in the exam, he
_w_o_u_l_d_h_a_v_e__p_a_s_se_d_ (pass) it already.
controlled/were to control/
e. If Robots s_h_o__u_ld__co__n_tr_o_l________ (control) the world some day, here __w_o_u_l_d_b_e___ (be) no friendship.
C. would meet D. could meet
2. If I ____ you, I ____ very happy. A. were; would be B. am; shall be C. were; shall be D. am; would be
3. If it ____ tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.
If…
If I were a bird, I would bring people beautiful songs;
If I were a bee, I would bring people sweet honey;
If I were a flower, I would bring people nice spring;
虚拟语气的解题思路
1.依据情境，判定是否虚拟 2.抓住信息词，确定虚拟类别 3.依据时态，确定虚拟句的动词形式
II. Multiple Choices
1. If you had come half an hour earlier, you
______ the writer.
A. had met
B. would have met
happy life.
Fact: The ship sunk.
与过去事实相反
3. If Jay Chou were to come our school tomorrow, I
would take a photo with him.
与将来事实相反
Fact: Jay won’t come to our school tomorrow.
I would take a photo with him.
Jay Chou
1. If I won the lottery, I would travel around tht: I don’t win the lottery.
2. If the ship hadn’t sunk, they would have lived a