2007年政府工作报告 建议译文(北外)
从07年《政府工作报告》的翻译谈起
北京市人民政府关于进一步做好普通高等学校毕业生就业工作的通知各区、县人民政府，市政府各委、办、局，各市属机构：为贯彻落实《国务院关于进一步做好普通高等学校毕业生就业工作的通知》(国发[2011]16号)精神，结合本市实际，现就有关问题通知如下：一、充分认识高校毕业生就业工作的重要意义，全面提升高校毕业生就业工作的整体水平高校毕业生是国家宝贵的人才资源。
做好高校毕业生就业工作，对于促进首都经济社会发展，推动“人文北京、科技北京、绿色北京”和中国特色世界城市建设，对于维护人民群众切身利益，维护首都社会和谐稳定，具有十分重要的意义。
近年来，各区县、各部门认真贯彻党中央、国务院及市委、市政府的决策部署，做了大量工作，北京生源高校毕业生就业率达到95%以上，高校毕业生就业形势总体保持稳定；相关就业政策和服务体系不断健全，重点就业促进项目顺利开展，取得了明显成效。
“十二五”时期，本市高校毕业生数量仍将持续增长，促进高校毕业生就业任务依然十分繁重。
各区县、各有关部门要按照国务院要求，结合本市实际情况，继续把高校毕业生就业摆在就业工作的首位，进一步加大工作力度，完善相关政策措施，千方百计促进高校毕业生就业。
各区县、各有关部门要全面落实国家及本市提出的各项高校毕业生就业政策措施，广开就业门路，强化就业服务；要更加注重拓展高校毕业生到城乡基层、中西部地区、中小企业及自主创业的就业渠道；更加注重开展有针对性、实效性的就业服务；更加注重强化高校毕业生就业能力，转变就业观念；更加注重做好基础工作，逐步建立并完善促进高校毕业生就业的长效机制。
努力使应届高校毕业生离校时初次就业率保持稳定，北京生源毕业生总体就业率不低于95%；有就业意愿的离校未就业北京生源高校毕业生都能参与到相关就业准备活动中，得到免费公共就业服务；有就业意愿的北京生源困难家庭毕业生当年全部实现就业。
二、结合首都产业结构调整，畅通高校毕业生就业渠道(一)积极开发高校毕业生就业岗位。
2007年政府工作报告Word 文档
政府工作报告窦云飞2007年12月各位代表：现在，我代表尚店乡人民政府向大会作工作报告，请予申议，并请与会代表和各位同志提出宝贵的意见。
一、过去一年工作回顾过去的一年是全乡人民奋发图强、艰苦奋斗的一年，是我乡经济和社会事业经受各种考验的一年。
一年来，我乡在市委、市政府和乡党委的正确领导下，以邓小平理论、党的十七大精神为指导，认真实践“三个代表”重要思想，紧紧围绕经济建设这个中心，解放思想、抢抓机遇、开拓进取、奋力拼搏，顺利圆满完成了我乡第十四届人民代表大会确定的各项目标任务，保持了经济和社会事业持续、快速健康发展，全乡呈现出了政治稳定团结、社会安定和谐、经济发展快速的良好局面，在全市树立了尚店乡的良好形象。
主要表现在：（一）经济持续快速发展，综合实力不断增强2007年，预计全乡经济总收入达到17600万元，农民人均收入达到3447元，工商税收预计完成470万元，年均增长30%，财政收入预计了实现410万元，年均增长25%，通过精打细算、开源节流、严格控制各项支出，一年来基本实现了财政收支平衡。
1、产业结构调整步伐加快，经济结构不断优化。
全乡已初步形成以畜牧养殖、林业育苗、棉瓜间作、屠宰加工为主的四大产业链，现存栏牛1.8万头，羊5万只，蛋鸡50万只，林业育苗达到8000亩，棉瓜间作达到10000亩，粮经比稳定在5∶5。
2、招商引资顺利进行，个体私营经济发展迅猛。
经过努力，不断结合我乡棉瓜间作、轴承加工、畜牧养殖等自身优势，引进了过千万元大型项目3个，其他各类项目33个，形成了以福临清真肉业、天瑞皮业加工、中伟电机加工、东杰纤维棉纺加工等龙头企业7家，全乡共有个体私营企业36家，个体工商户380户，从业人员6000人。
3、第三产业获得长足发展，乡村市场繁荣。
经过5年的发展，新建集贸市场综合批发市场2个，全乡共有集贸市场6个，专业市场2个，劳务市场1个，繁荣了全乡经济。
（二）基础设施建设力度加大，全乡面貌不断改变。
07政府工作报告汇编(中英翻译)
2007年国务院政府工作报告新华社北京２００７年３月１７日电政府工作报告——2007年3月5日在第十届全国人民代表大会第五次会议上国务院总理温家宝3月5日，第十届全国人民代表大会第五次会议在北京人民大会堂开幕。
国务院总理温家宝向大会作政府工作报告。
新华社记者姚大伟摄各位代表：现在，我代表国务院，向大会作政府工作报告，请予审议，并请全国政协各位委员提出意见。
一、2006年工作回顾2006年，是我国实施“十一五”规划并实现良好开局的一年，国民经济和社会发展取得重大成就。
——经济平稳快速增长。
国内生产总值20.94万亿元，比上年增长10.7%；居民消费价格总水平上涨1.5%。
经济增长连续四年达到或略高于10%，没有出现明显通货膨胀。
——经济效益稳步提高。
全国财政收入3.93万亿元，比上年增加7694亿元；规模以上工业企业实现利润增长31%，增加4442亿元。
——改革开放进一步深化。
重点领域和关键环节改革取得新进展。
进出口贸易总额1.76万亿美元，比上年增长23.8%；实际利用外商直接投资695亿美元。
——社会事业加快发展。
科技创新取得重大成果，教育事业继续发展，公共卫生体系建设得到加强，文化、体育事业进一步繁荣。
——人民生活有较大改善。
城镇新增就业1184万人。
城镇居民人均可支配收入11759元，农村居民人均纯收入3587元，扣除价格因素，分别比上年实际增长10.4%和7.4%。
这些成就，标志着我国综合国力进一步增强，我们朝着全面建设小康社会目标又迈出坚实的一步。
一年来的主要工作是：（一）加强和改善宏观调控。
针对经济运行中投资增长过快、货币信贷投放过多、外贸顺差过大等突出问题，中央及时采取了一系列宏观调控措施。
加强土地调控，从紧控制新增建设用地，严肃查处违法违规用地行为；加强货币信贷管理，两次上调人民币贷款基准利率，三次上调金融机构存款准备金率；加强财政、税收对经济运行的调节；加强新上项目市场准入审核和监督检查；加强房地产市场调控和监管，着力调整住房供给结构。
2008年《政府工作报告》英译本的译者主体性研究
2008年《政府工作报告》英译本的译者主体性研究作者：黄丽娜来源：《教育教学论坛》 2014年第22期黄丽娜（郑州大学外语学院，河南郑州450001）摘要：时政资料的翻译对于中国的国际影响力以及对外传播具有极其重要的意义。
但是目前国内关于这方面的研究一直没有受到足够的重视。
真正结合翻译理论进行的研究比较少。
本文以2008年《政府工作报告》英译本为语料，从语言和文化两个层面入手，着重探讨译者主体性在该英译本中的具体体现。
关键词：译者主体性；时政文献；《政府工作报告》英译本中图分类号：G642.0 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-9324（2014）22-0143-02政治是一个国家综合实力的突出表现。
随着中国经济的飞速发展和对外交流的日益频繁，中国在国际政治事务中的影响力越来越大。
一年一度的《政府工作报告》具有极强的政治敏感性。
因此，该类政治文献的翻译对于译文的准确性要求极高，不允许有任何的错误。
译者是独立的主体。
在翻译政治文献的过程中，其主体性必然会有所体现。
译者主体性的发挥恰恰是为了使译文能够更好地忠实于原文，从而提高译文质量。
本文试图从译者主体性的角度来研究2008年《政府工作报告》英译本，着重分析译者主体性的具体体现。
一、译者主体性理论概述传统的翻译思想讲究疑问的“忠实”，将原文和原作者置于至高无上的地位，要求译文必须“透明”，译者必须“隐身”。
翻译不需要创造性，只是亦步亦趋地追随原文。
译者主动性在这种情况下被完全地抹杀了。
随着20世纪70年代以来翻译研究中“文化转向”的出现使得译入语文化意识列入翻译研究领域。
这为译者主动性的研究带来了曙光（何明明，2010：432）。
译者主动性是指“作为翻译主体的译者在尊重翻译对象的前提下，为实现翻译目的而在翻译活动中表现出来的主观能动性”。
其基本特征是翻译主体自觉的文化意识、人文品格和文化、审美创造性。
细分起来又包括两方面的内容：“第一体现在接受原著过程中的主体性；第二表现在审美在创造过程中的主体性。
政府工作报告短语翻译
For four years in a row（连续四年）a year-on-year increase（比上年增加）reform. and opening up policy（改革开放政策）social programs（社会事业）per capita（每人的，人均的）after adjusting for inflation（扣除价格因素）moderately prosperous society（小康社会）macroeconomic regulatory（宏观调控）new socialist countryside（社会主义新农村）pursuant to the law（依法）rural migrant workers in cities（农民工）a surplus production capacity（生产力过剩）opened to traffic（通车）energy conservation（节能）state-owned enterprises（国有企业）civil servant（公务员）made breakthroughs（取得突破）compulsory education（义务教育）miscellaneous fees（杂费）boarding schools（寄宿制学校）distance education（远程教育）secondary vocational schools（中等职业学校）incorporated villages（行政村）unincorporated villages（自然村）After years of effort（经过多年努力）basic cost of liv ing allowances（最低生活保障）autonomous regions（自治区）free our minds（解放思想）keep pace with the times（与时俱进）Chinese socialism（中国特色社会主义）social harmony（社会和谐）special administrative regions（特别行政区）prudent fiscal policy.（稳健的财政政策）boosting domestic demand（扩大内需）cutting-edge（前沿）displaced residents（（三峡）移民）non-publicly funded schools（民办学校）school year（学年）communicable diseases（传染病）social safety net（社会保障）discharged military personnel（退伍军人）pyramid schemes（传销）pilot project（试点）Income Tax（所得税）futures market（期货市场）high value-added（高附加值）high-end（高端）cutthroat competition（恶性竞争）combat corruption（反腐）hand over foot（大手大脚）plug up loopholes（堵塞漏洞）People's Armed Police（武警）starting point and objective（出发点和落脚点）socialist market economy（社会主义市场经济）Scientific Outlook on Development（科学发展观）harmonious socialist society（社会主义和谐社会）tailor measures to suit local conditions（因地制宜）South-to-North Water Diversion Project（南水北调）administrative examination and approval（行政审批）follow a realistic and pragmatic approach（实事求是）exercise activities for the general public（全民健身活动）large-scale development of the western region（西部大开发）processing industry for agricultural products（农产品加工业）municipalities directly under the central government（直辖市）primary, secondary and tertiary industry（第一第二第三产业）deliver a good report to the people.（向人民交出满意的答卷）socialist cultural and ethical progress（社会主义精神文明建设）give full play to the initiative of each.（充分发挥各自的积极性）registering the third consecutive annual increase（连续三年增加）physically and mentally challenged persons（残疾人，肢残和智残）resource-conserving and environmentally friendly society.（资源节约型和环境友好型社会）ensure that all of the people share in the fruits of reform. and development.（让全体人民共享改革发展的成果）。
政府工作报告汉英翻译200个经典表达
2017政府工作报告之汉英翻译经典表达序号中文英文备注1严峻挑战grave challenges重大关切graveconcern2全国各族人民the Chinese people 少数民族ethnic minorities56个民族ethnic groups中华民族the Chinese nation3推动经济社会持续健康发展drive forward sustained,healthy/sound economicand social development注意积累推动的同义替换词4根本利益fundamental interests名胜古迹places ofhistoric interest5全面建成小康社会finish building amoderately prosperoussociety in all respectsIn all respects=in allaspects6工业企业industrial enterprises7单位国内生产总值能耗Energy consumption perunit of GDP一次能源primaryenergy8再创新高reach another record high创新高hit a new/record high9高校毕业生college graduates10供给侧结构性改革supply-side structuralreform11工业产能合作industrial-capacity cooperation12个体工商户self-employed traders 13城市轨道交通设施urban rail transit facilities 14水利工程water conservancy projects15第四代移动通信用户4G mobile communicationssubscribers16市场主体market entities市场份额marketshare17光缆optical fiber cables18居民人均可支配收入Personal per capitadisposable income城镇居民人均可支配收入the per capitadisposable incomeof urban residents/urban per capitadisposable income农村居民人均纯收入the per capita netincome of ruralresidents/rural per capita netincome19棚户区rundown areas同义替换说法：shanty town20农村危房dilapidated rural houses21国内旅游domestic trips22出境旅游overseas trips 入境游inbound tourism出境游outbound tourism23调结构adjust the structure24积极的财政政策proactive fiscal policy25财政赤字fiscal deficit可与赤字率一起记忆26营改增试点the trial replacement of business tax with value added tax(VAT)27稳健的货币政策prudent monetary policy28多种货币政策工具a range of monetary policytools注意a range of的用法29实体经济real economy虚拟经济virtual economy30民间投资private investment31人民币汇率形成机制the RMB exchange rateregime32钢铁产能steel production capacity33企业兼并重组business acquisitions andreorganizations并购merger andacquisition34债转股debt-to-equity swaps 35资产负债率debt-to-asset ratio36“五险一金”缴费social security contributions37推动国有企业调整重组push ahead with reforms torestructure and reorganizestate-owned enterprises推动/推进：driveforward/pushahead with/movetoward/moveforward with/advance38混合所有制mixed ownership非公有制non-publicownership39放开养老服务市场open up the elderlyservices marketnursing home养老院40医疗器械medical equipment 41耕地轮作crop rotation42休耕fallow land43河长制the river chief system44推进“一带一路”建设push ahead with the Belt and Road Initiative45务实合作practical cooperation46特别提款权货币篮子Special Drawing Rights basket47深港通the Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect48国家自主创新示范区national innovation demonstration zones49京津冀协同发展Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integration50加快推进新型城镇化speed up efforts topromote new types ofurbanization加快：speed upefforts to do/movefaster to do/workfaster to do51户籍制度household registrationsystem52加强生态文明建设strengthen ecologicalconservation53强化大气污染治理take stronger measures against air pollution54优化能源结构improve the energy mix注意能源结构的英文55农村贫困家庭学生students from poor ruralfamilies经济困难家庭financiallychallenged families56学杂费tuition and miscellaneousfees57普通高中regular senior high schools 58长江流域the Yangtze basin59全民健身计划the Fitness for All initiative60打击违法犯罪crack down on crime andother violations打击crack downon/fight against61周边国家neighboring countries62社会各界all sectors of society 社会各界all walks of life/all circles of society63海外侨胞Chinese nationals overseas64财政收支矛盾fiscal imbalance资产负债表balancesheets65食品药品安全food and drug safety Food security粮食安全66科学发展观the Scientific Outlook on Development67适度扩大总需求expand aggregate demandas appropriateeconomic aggregate经济总量68基础设施比较完善a complete range of infrastructure69经济基本面economic fundamentals 70赤字率deficit-to-GDP ratio71培育壮大新动能develop new growthdrivers72三四线城市third-and fourth-tier cities 一线城市first-tier cities二线城市second-tier cities73公租房public rental housing 廉租房low-rent housing经适房affordable housing限价房capped-price housing定向安置房orientation placement housing74储蓄率savings rates75严重制约经济社会发展hold back economic and social development76实施精准扶贫implement targeted poverty reduction77扶贫poverty alleviation /reduction78革命老区old revolutionary bases注意形容词的排列顺序79提高资源配置效率make resource allocationmore effectiveMake sth+形容词的比较级80非公有制经济the non-public sector81药品加成markups on pharmaceuticals82事业单位public institutions社会事业socialprograms83全域旅游all-for-one tourism84大力发展乡村旅游make a big push to developrural tourism大力：make a bigpush to do/endeavor to do/make big moves todo/make majorefforts to do/workhard to do85实体店销售physical store sales实体店：brick andmortar shop86假冒伪劣产品counterfeit and substandard goods87虚假广告false advertising 88价格欺诈price fraud 89民用航空civil aviation90深化政府和社会资本合作promote public-private partnerships91开发区development zones 92产业园区industrial parks 93资源枯竭resource depletion94生态严重退化severe ecological degradation95加快建设海洋强国move faster to developChina into a strongmaritime country贸易强国：trading power96海绵城市sponge cities97推动实体经济优化结构upgrade the structure ofthe real economy出口结构exportmix98人才引进政策policies for bringing intalent from overseas引进：bring in sth99战略性新兴产业strategic emerging industries100分享经济the sharing economy共享单车：bike-sharing101提高社会资源利用效率enable greater efficiency in the use of resources102手机国内长途和漫游费mobile rates for domestic roaming and long-distancecalls103国际长途电话费rates for international calls104大力改造提升传统产业endeavor to transform and upgrade traditionalindustries105物联网the Internet of Things106新业态new forms of business新常态new normal107推动中国制造向中高端迈进moving toward mid-and high-end manufacturing108推进大众创业、万众创新encourage people to start businesses and makeinnovations109质量之魂，存于匠心Quality is born of workmanship110大力弘扬工匠精神promote workmanship111享誉世界enjoy international recognition112保障国家粮食安全ensure China’s foodsecurity113优质绿色农产品quality green agriculturalproducts114一二三产业primary,secondary,andtertiary industries注意英文说法，一二三并不是first,second和third115推进土地整治improve rural land116大力改造中低产田upgrade low-andmedium-yield cropland大力并未译出117高效节水灌溉highly water-efficientirrigationHighly意思是十分、非常118供销社supply and marketing cooperatives119退役军人demobilized militarypersonnel120国际产能合作international industrial-capacity cooperation121大力优化外商投资环境make big moves toimprove the environmentfor foreign investors注意环境前要加定冠词the122防范风险hedge against risks123国际贸易和投资自由化便利化the liberalization and facilitation of international trade and investment124公平竞争fair competition125标本兼治tackle both symptoms androot causes126推进北方地区冬季清洁取暖promote clean winter heating in the northernregion127燃煤小锅炉small coal-fired furnaces128优先保障可再生能源发电上网prioritize the integration of renewable energy sourcesinto the electric grid129加快秸秆资源化利用accelerate straw recycling130淘汰黄标车all higher-emission vehicles are scrapped131加快淘汰老旧机动车work faster to take old vehicles off the roads132国六标准燃油fuels that meet National-VI emission standards133治理雾霾人人有责Tackling smog is down toevery last one of us注意句型仿写134化学需氧量chemical oxygen demand135氨氮排放量ammonia nitrogen emissions136重点流域区域key drainage basins137农业面源污染agricultural pollution fromnon-point sources正说反译138普遍推行垃圾分类制度promote waste sorting139培育壮大节能环保产业strengthen energyconservation and environmental protectionindustries140推进生态保护和建设move forward withecological conservationand improvement注意生态建设的英文说法141完成退耕还林还草turn more than...hectares of marginal farmland into forests or grassland142大力促进就业创业strive to boost employmentand business startupsStrive to=endeavorto143加大就业培训力度strengthen employmenttraining加大投资力度：investmore144办好公平优质教育work to ensure that our people have access to equitable and quality education145常住人口permanent urban residents146持续改善薄弱学校办学条件improve conditions in badly built and poorly operated schools147国家拨款government grants 148世界一流大学world-class universities149高考制度the college entrance examination system150加强民族教育ensure ethnic minoritiesimprove their education民族教育指的是少数民族教育151老年教育education for senior citizens152加强教师队伍建设work to improve teacherperformanceEconomicperformance经济运行153继续教育continuing education154推进健康中国建设make continued progress in building a Healthy China155每年per annum156民族医药事业ethnic minority medicine157构建和谐医患关系interactions between doctor and patient are amicable158食品药品安全事关人民健康The safety of food and medicine is important to the health of our people159发展文化事业和文化产业develop cultural programsand industries注意文化事业的说法160加强社会主义精神文明建设foster stronger observance of socialist cultural and ethical standards161加强文物和非物质文化遗产保护利用China’s cultural relics and intangible cultural heritage receive effective protection and play fuller roles162大力推动全民阅读foster a love of reading in our people163提高基本公共文化服务均等化水平make basic public cultural services more equitable164推动中国文化走出去support efforts to share Chinese culture with other countries165推动社会治理创新explore new forms of socialgovernance创新做动词时，还可译为develop newways to do sth166工会trade unions167加快社会信用体系建设move faster to improve the social credit system168加强法治宣传教育heighten public awareness of rule of law169人命关天，安全至上ensure workplace safetyand protect people’s lives安全生产workplacesafety170道德行为ethical conduct 171道德诚信moral integrity172加大对民族地区发展支持力度increase support fordevelopment in areasinhabited mainly by ethnicminorities加大支持力度：increase support forsth173保护和发展少数民族优秀传统文化protect and develop thefine traditional cultures ofethnic minorities注意优秀传统的英文是fine tradition174中华民族the Chinese nation175海内外中华儿女all the sons and daughters of the Chinese nation,both in and outside China176领土完整territorial integrity177世界政治经济格局international political andeconomic landscape注意格局的翻译，natural landscape意思是自然景观178坚定不移走和平发展道路keep to the path ofpeaceful developmentKeep to sth意思是坚持179维护国际秩序uphold the international order180打造人类命运共同体build a community of shared future for all humankind181解决全球性和地区热点问题addressing global andregional hotspot issues注意这里的问题不可译为problems182互信mutual trust 183推进民主advance democracy184深化平安中国建设continue to pursue the Peaceful China initiative185合法权益legitimate rights and interests186依法推进公益和慈善事业健康发展encourage sound and law-based public-interest activities and charity187共青团Communist Youth League organizations188城镇户口urban household registration189扩大优质教育资源覆盖面expand the reach of quality educational resources190缩小差距narrow the gap between Aand B191优先保障和改善民生prioritize efforts to ensureand improve the wellbeingof our people优先：prioritize sth/prioritize efforts todo192大力发展绿色金融make major efforts to develop green finance193发行债券issue bonds194实现优势互补draw on each other’s strengths195农村人居环境rural living environments196国有林区林场state forestry areas andfarms注意国有的翻译197打造粮食生产功能区create functional zones for grain production198城市群city clusters 199不良资产non-performing assets 200债券违约bond defaults。
2007年中国政府工作报告(英文)
2007年政府工作报告英文版REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENTDelivered at the Fifth Session of the Tenth National People's Congress on March 5, 2007 Wen Jiabao Premier of the State Council Fellow Deputies, On behalf of the State Council, I would now like to present to you my report on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval. I also welcome comments and suggestions on the report from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).I. Review of the Work in 2006 China began implementation of and made a good start on its Eleventh Five-Year Plan in 2006, making major achievements in economic and social development. -The economy experienced steady and fast growth. China's GDP was 20.94 trillion yuan, an increase of 10.7% over the previous year. The consumer price index rose by 1.5%. For four years in a row, economic growth has reached or slightly exceeded 10% without significant inflation. -Economic performance improved steadily. National revenue reached 3.93 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 769. 4 billion yuan. Profitsof large industrial enterprises rose 31%, an increase of 444.2 billion yuan. -Implementation of the reform and opening up policy was deepened. Further progress was made in reforms in key areas and crucial links. China's import and export volume totaled US$ 1.76 trillion, a year-on-year increase of 23.8%. Paid-in foreign direct investment reached $69.5 billion. -Development of social programs was accelerated. Major achievements were made in scientific and technological innovation, there was continued development of education, the public health system was improved and progress continued in cultural andsports programs. -People's living standards improved substantially. A total of 11.84 million urban residents entered the workforce. Urban per capita disposable income rose to 11,759 yuan, an increase of 10.4% in real terms after adjusting for inflation, and rural per capita net income grew to 3,587 yuan, an increase of 7.4% in real terms after adjusting for inflation. These achievements mark a further increase in China's overall strength and represent another solid step toward the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. The main work accomplished in 2006 includes the following. 1. Macroeconomic regulation was strengthened and improved. The central government adopted a series of timely macroeconomic regulatory measures to address major problems affecting economic performance, such as overheated investment, excessive money and credit supply and serious trade imbalance. We strengthened land regulation by strictly controlling the expansion of land usedfor construction and took stern actions against violations of laws and regulations concerning land use. We strengthened supervision of money supply and credit, raised the basic interest rate on RMB loans twice and raised the reserve requirements for financial institutions three times. We strengthened the role of fiscal and tax measures in regulating economic activities. We tightened the examination and approval process, oversight and inspection of new projects tobe launched on the market. We strengthened regulation and oversight of the real estate market to improve the mix of market housing available. These macroeconomic regulatory measures started to work, resulting in a drop in the growth rate in fixed asset investments and slower growth of the bank credit supply. We thus prevented rapid economic growth from becoming overheated growth and avoided drastic fluctuations. 2. Work related to agriculture, ruralareas and farmers was intensified. Steady progress was made in building a new socialist countryside. Central government budgetary spending on agriculture, rural areas and farmers reached 339.7 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 42.2 billion yuan. We rescinded the agricultural tax and taxes on special agricultural products nationwide, ending a tax that had been collected on grain farmers in China for more than 2,600 years. We continued to increase direct subsidies to grain farmers for producing grain and subsidies for growing superior seed varieties and purchasing agricultural machinery and tools, and followed a policy of granting general subsidies for agricultural production supplies. In addition, we continued the minimum purchase price policy for key grain varieties in major grain-producing areas and increased transfer payments to counties and townships with financial difficulties and major grain-producing counties. Despite serious natural disasters, the output of major agricultural products increased steadily. Grain output reached 497.46 million tons, registering the third consecutive annual increase. We worked harder to develop rural infrastructure, including roads, water conservancy, electricity and communications, and made safe drinking water available to another 28.97 million rural residents and the use of methane available to an additional 4.5 million rural families, thereby improving working and living conditions in rural areas. We made continued progress in reducing rural poverty through development, lifting 2.17 million rural people out of poverty. We formulated and implemented policies and measures to address the difficulties rural migrant workers in cities face and strengthened protection of their legitimate rights and interests by addressing the problems of low wages and unpaid wages, standardizing labor management pursuant to the law, improving job training and expanding the social safety net. 3. Adjustment of the economic structure was accelerated. We formulated policies and measures to accelerate the development of the equipment manufacturing industry and promoted independent development of major technologies and independent production of major equipment in key areas. We began to independently manufacture mega kilowatt nuclear power generators, ultra-supercritical thermal power generating units and new types of ships, and launched major projects such as those to produce high-grade digitally controlled machine tools and key manufacturing equipment. We also formulated and implemented policies and measures to carry out structural adjustments in 11 industries, including the steel, coal and cement industries. As a result, there was significant decline in the growth rate of investment in some industries with surplus production capacity and total investment for new planned projects dropped significantly. We closed down backward coal production facilities totaling 110 million tons in capacity and electrolytic aluminum production facilities totaling 1.2 million tons. A number of projects vital to China's economy were completed and put into operation and some others were started. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway was opened to traffic, all generating units at the Three Gorges Left Power Station were completed and put into operation, and construction of the Xiangjiaba Hydropower Station on the Jinsha River began. All this will play an important role in sustaining economic development. We placed greater emphasis on saving energy and protecting the environment. We improved policies on saving energy and reducing emission of pollutants, and established a general responsibility system for meeting energy saving and pollution discharge reduction targets. We strengthened energy conservation in key industries, enterprises and projects, and conducted pilotprojects to develop the circular economy. We worked hard to prevent and control water pollution in key river valleys and regions, such as the Three Gorges Reservoir area, the Songhua River, the sources and routes of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, and the Bohai Sea. We carried out key environmental protection projects to desulphurize emissions from coal-fired power plants, treat urban sewage and dispose of waste safely. To ensure environmental safety, we launched the fourth annual nationwide campaign to punish enterprises that illegally discharge pollutants. We worked hard to protect and improve the ecosystem. Progress was made in the current stage of the campaign to restore order in and standardize the exploitation of mineral resources. Geological prospecting was intensified. We continued to follow the overall strategy for regional development. We continued to make solid progress in the large-scale development of the western region, and the work of rejuvenating northeast China and other old industrial bases proceeded smoothly. We began implementation of the policy to boost the development of the central region. The eastern region made further achievements in leading the country in development. 4. The process of reform and opening up was accelerated. We made comprehensive plans for overall rural reform. Steady progress was madein the reform of the system of collective forest rights. Further progress was made in adjusting the distribution of the state sector of the economy, introducing the shareholding system in state-owned enterprises (SOEs), and overseeing state-owned assets. Government functions were separated from the management of postal operations, and reform of the electricity management system continued. Significant progress was made in introducing a shareholding system in state-owned commercial banks; the Bank of China and the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China were successfully listed on domestic and overseas stock exchanges, and considerable headway was made in the current stage of the reform of rural credit cooperatives. The reform of the shareholder structure in listed companies was basically completed, and the basic systems of the securities market were strengthened. Reform of the insurance industry was deepened. Reform of the foreign exchange administration system was gradually deepened. Continued improvement was made in the fiscal and tax systems. Smooth progress was made in reforming the civil servant salary system and standardizing the pattern of income distribution. A thorough campaign to improve market order was launched. We adjusted the trade mix by improving policies concerning export tax rebates, tariffs and processing trade and by controlling the export of products whose manufacture is highly energy consuming or highly polluting. We made energetic efforts to increase imports. The structure of foreign investment use was improved, and service industries, including banking, retail sales and telecommunications, were further opened up. We deepened and expanded economic exchanges and trade with other countries. We encouraged enterprises to invest overseas and cooperate with overseas-funded enterprises. We fulfilled all the commitments we made for China's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) and improved economic systems, laws, regulations and policies related to doing business with other countries. 5. We worked hard to develop social programs. We increased funding for social programs. The central government spent 77.4 billion yuan on science and technology, 53.6 billion yuan on education, 13.8 billion yuan on health and 12.3 billion yuan on culture, representing year-on-year increases of 29.2%, 39.4%, 65.4% and 23.9% respectively. We promoted innovation in science and technology. The Outlineof the National Program for Long- and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development (2006-20), which took two years to formulate, has been issued and is being implemented, and related special programs and supplementary policies and measures have been formulated. Sixteen major projects were launched, including projects to develop giant oil and gas fields and coal seam gas, design and develop a new generation wireless broadband mobile communications network, design and produce large aircraft, develop manned spacecraft and explore the moon. We made breakthroughs in key technologies such as a high-performance computer, super high-quality hybrid paddy rice, third generation mobile communications and digital television, and increased China's capacity for independent innovation. We put education high on the development agenda. A total of 184 billion yuan was allocated by both central and local governments to fund rural compulsory education, enabling us to pay tuition and miscellaneous fees for the 52 million rural students receiving compulsory education throughout the western region and in some areas in the central region, provide free textbooks to 37.3 million students from poor families and grant living allowances to 7.8 million students staying in dormitories. Of the 410 targeted counties, 317 reached the goals of making nine-year compulsory education generally available and basically eliminating illiteracy among young and middle-aged adults. The proportion of the target population attaining these two goals in the western region increased to 96% from the 77% of 2003. The central government spent 9 billion yuan over the past three years building facilities for 7,651 rural boarding schools. Eight billion yuan was spent to develop modern primary and middle school distance education f or rural areas. The project covers over 80% of the rural primary and middle schools in the central and western regions and enables over 100 million students to have access to high-quality education resources. New enrollment at secondary vocational schools totaled 7.41 million and total attendance reached 18.09 million. Total attendance at institutions of higher education reached 25 million and the gross enrollment ratio rose to 22%. We worked to strengthen medical and health care services. Work to set up a disease prevention and control system with a wide range of functions that covers both urban and rural areas and a medical treatment system for public health emergencies has been basically completed. Work was begun to set up a rural health service system, and 2.7 billion yuan from the sale of treasury bonds was allocated by the central government for the development of medical and health care facilities at the county, township and village levels. Trials of a new type of rural cooperative medical care system were extended to 1,451 counties, county-level cities and city districts, covering 50.7% of the country's total number of counties, county-level cities and city districts and 410 million rural residents. With 4.27 billion yuan allocated by the central government and additional local government funding, we raised the allowances for rural participants in the cooperative medical care system significantly. Development of the community-based system of urban medical services was accelerated. Subsidized medical care was improved for urban and rural residents. The central government allocated 5.1 billion yuan to support local government efforts to improve public health care services. Substantial progress was made in preventing and controlling major diseases such as AIDS. We energetically developed culture and sports. The press and publishing, radio, television, film, literature and art, philosophy and the social sciences flourished. Culture-related facilities, especially in rural areas, were improved. The projectto expand radio and television coverage in rural areas was extended from incorporated villages to unincorporated villages. Continued progress was made in the project to build multi-use cultural centers in communities, towns and townships and the national shared database project for cultural information and resources. Reform of the cultural management system was deepened. Development of the culture industry was accelerated, and cultural exchanges with other countries were increased. Sports activities for the general public were extensively developed, and the level of competitive sports continued to improve. Efforts to promote socialist cultural and ethical progress were strengthened. 6. We worked hard to increase employment and improve social security work. We continued to improve and implement policies on employment and reemployment, and the central government allocated 23.4 billion yuan for employment and reemployment efforts. We created jobs through a variety of channels, stepped up vocational and technical training, provided support and assistance to zero-employment households and people who have difficulty finding employment, and helped 5.05 million laid-off workers find new jobs. The goal set out in 2004 to basically solve the longstanding problems of defaults on payment to construction companies and unpaid wages for rural migrant workers in the construction industry within three years was basically met. A total of 183.4 billion yuan has been paid to construction companies, paying off 98.6% of the total amount owed to them. This payment included 33 billion yuan in overdue wages for rural migrant workers. The social safety net was strengthened. Trials to fully fund personal accounts for basic old-age insurance of enterprise employees were expanded to eight more province-level localities on the basis of the pilot project in the three provinces in northeast China. After years of effort, the work of incorporating basic cost of living allowances for workers laid off from SOEs into the unemployment insurance system has been basically completed. Basic pension benefits for retired enterprise employees were increased. The coverage of the social security system was further expanded, revenue from social security premiums increased, and oversight and management of social security funds was strengthened. The basic framework of a social assistance system for both urban and rural residents was set up, and charity programs continued to grow. The central government spent 13.6 billion yuan on basic cost of living allowances for urban residents, 2.4 billion yuan more than the previous year, and local governments also increased their spending on these allowances to varying degrees. A system of basic cost of living allowances for rural residents was initiated in 2,133 counties, county-level cities and city districts in 25 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government, benefiting 15.09 million residents. Funding for providing food, clothing, medical care, housing and burial expenses for childless and infirm rural residents now mainly comes from the government budget instead of depending on rural collectives. Assistance for orphans and protection for homeless juveniles were strengthened. Allowances for all types of entitled groups were increased significantly, with an 11.2 billion yuan allocation from the central government budget, a 47% increase from the previous year. We improved the policy for compensating people whose land has been expropriated to build large or medium-sized reservoirs and for assisting people displaced for reservoir projects, benefiting 22.88 million persons. This longstanding problem is now being gradually solved. Last year, some areas in China were hit by natural disasters of a severity seldom seen in history, including typhoons and droughts. Wepromptly took steps to carry out disaster relief work and rebuild disaster-hit areas. The central government raised some disaster relief allowances and allocated 11.2 billion yuan in relief funds to help disaster victims get back ontheir feet. 7. We continued to strengthen democracy and the legal system. Democracy at the community level made continued progress. Government-sponsored legislation was further improved. The State Council submitted seven bills to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC) for deliberation, including the Law on Corporate Income Tax (draft), the Antitrust Law (draft), the Law on Response to Emergencies (draft) and the revised Compulsory Education Law (draft), and promulgated 29 sets of administrative regulations, including the Regulations on AIDS Prevention and Control and the Regulations on the Administration of Overseas-Funded Banks. We accelerated development of government by the rule of law and implemented the Administrative Permit Law, the Civil Service Law, and the Program for Advancing All Aspects of Government Administration in Accordance with the Law. Oversight in the form of supervision and auditing was strengthened. Steady progress was made in reform of the judicial administrative system and its working mechanisms. The work of addressing public complaints registered by means of letters and visits was strengthened. In public security, continued improvements were made in the crime prevention and control system and extensive efforts were made to promote peace and security. Significant progress was made in work focused on improving conditions in areas with poor public security and in addressing serious public security issues. An all-out effort was made to build clean government and combat corruption and a campaign to combat bribery in business was launched. A number of major cases involving government offices and their employees were investigated and dealt with, and a number of people guilty of corruption were punished to the full extent of the law. Work related to ethnic groups, religions, Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and overseas Chinese was further improved. We continued to make progress in modernizing national defense and the army. Significant progress was made in China's diplomatic work. Looking back on our practical experience, we have come to the following conclusion: We must free our minds, follow a realistic and pragmatic approach, keep pace with the times, work hard with a pioneering and innovative spirit, unswervingly take the road of Chinese socialism, adhere to the reform and opening up policy, pursue development according to scientific principles, maintain social harmony during development and ensure peaceful development. Only by doing so can we attain the ultimate objectives we have set for modernization. We owe our successes to the correct overall leadership ofthe Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) with ComradeHu Jintao as General Secretary and to the concerted efforts and hard work of cadres and the people across the country. On behalf of the State Council, I would like to express my sincere thanks to the people of all our ethnic groups, the democratic parties, people's organizations and persons from all walks of life. I would also like to sincerely thank our compatriots from the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions and Taiwan as well as overseas Chinese.My sincere thanks also go out to all the friends of China around the world who care about and support China's modernization. However, we are clearly aware that there are still many difficulties and challenges in China's economic andsocial development and some shortcomings and inadequacies in the work of the government. First, there are still serious structural problems in the economy.There is a lack of proper balance among primary, secondary and tertiary industry, urban and rural development and development among different regions are not balanced, and the pattern of investment does not reflect consumer demand. Agriculture, the base of the economy, remains weak, and it is now more difficult than ever to steadily increase grain production and keeprural incomes growing. The overall scale of investment in fixed assets is still too large, the problem of excess liquidity in the banking system is serious, and the factors causing overheated investment and excess credit still remain. The trade surplus has become large, and the imbalance in international payments has worsened. Second, the pattern of economic growth is inefficient. This can be seen most clearly in excessive energy consumption and serious environmental pollution. The targets for saving energy and reducing pollutant emissions were set forth in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan. This is of vital importance in efforts to promote the change in the pattern of economic growth and increase energy conservation and environmental protection. All local governments and government offices did a great deal of work and made much headway in these areas over the past year. While energy consumption per unit of GDP for the previous three years rose by 4.9%, 5.5% and 0.2% respectively, it dropped by 1.2% in 2006. Growth in total emission of major pollutants declined, chemical oxygen demand rose 1.2%, down from an increase of 5.6% the year before, and discharge of sulfur dioxide rose 1.8%, down from a 13.1% gain in the previous year. However, we fell short of the targets set at the beginning of last year for cutting energy consumption per unit of GDP by about 4% and total discharge of major pollutants by 2%. The main reasons were: Industrial restructuring proceeded slowly, while growth in heavy industry, especially in sectors that are high in energy consumption or are highly polluting, was still overheated. Many backward production facilities that should have been closed down are still in operation. Finally, some local governments and enterprises failed to strictly comply with laws, regulations and standards for energy saving and environmental protection, and it will take time for relevant policies and measures to produce the desired results. Meeting these two mandatory targets in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan is very important. The targets cannot be revised, so we must work resolutely to reach them. The State Council will make annual reports on the progress made in saving energy and reducing emissions to the NPC starting this year, and at the end of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period it will report on the overall progress made over the five years. Third, a number of serious problems affecting the people's interests have not been properly addressed. Problems in food and drug safety, medical services, education charges, housing, income distribution, public security and production safety remain a source of public concern. Problems arising in land expropriation and requisition, housing demolition, transformation of enterprises into stock companies and environmental protection that harm the interests of the people have not been fundamentally solved. Life remains difficult for many low-income people. Fourth, the government's efforts to improve its performance still have room for improvement. Moves to change the way the government functions have not made the expected progress, non-separation of government administration and enterprise management remains a problem, and the responsibilities of some government offices are not clear, leading to low productivity. Expenses related to carrying out official duties have not been standardized, and extravagance and waste are inflating administrative costs. In some local governments andgovernment offices and among a small number of their employees, there are problems of bureaucratism, formalism, isolation from the people, neglect or dereliction of duty and even abuse of power and corruption. The root cause of these problems lies in institutional deficiencies and poor oversight. We must maintain a strong sense of responsibility to the country and the people and take more forceful measures to solve them in order to live up to the expectations of the people. II. General Plan for Work in 2007 This is the last year for the term of this government, so we must do our best to carry out our duties with even greater drive and work tirelessly to do even better in all our work in order to deliver a good report to the people. The basic approach and tasks for the work of the government are: to take Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents as our guide and fully implement the Scientific Outlook on Development; to accelerate the building of a harmonious socialist society; to conscientiously implement the principles and policies the CPC introduced since its Sixteenth National Congress; to strengthen and improve macroeconomic regulation; to speed up adjustment of the economic structure and change of the pattern of economic growth; to strengthen resource conservation and environmental protection; to advance the reform and opening up policy and independent innovation; to promote social development and resolve issues related to the people's wellbeing; and to promote all aspects of socialist economic, political, cultural and social development to create a good environment and favorable conditions for the convening of the Seventeenth National Congress of the CPC. Taking into consideration all factors, we have decided on the following main goals for China's economic and social development this year: On the basis of structural improvement, improved productivity, reduced consumption of energy and environmental protection, GDP is forecast to growby about 8%, the number of jobs created in urban areas should be at least 9 million, and the rate of registered urban unemployment should be kept below 4.6%. The overall price level should remain basically stable, the overall increase in consumer prices should stay below 3%, and there should be improvement in the imbalance in international payments. It is important to mention here that in a socialist market economy, a target for GDP growth set by the government is a guide and an indicator of the anticipated level. It serves as an important basis for setting macroeconomic targets for the budget, employment and prices. Because of changes in the domestic and international economic environments including the market, the real GDP growth rate will vary a certain amount from the projected target. In setting the target for GDP growth around 8% for 2007, we have taken into account a number of factors, such as what is needed and what is feasible. The most important task for us is to promote sound and fast economic development. To attain this goal, we should guide all sectors of the economy to conscientiously put into practice the Scientific Outlook on Development, focus on improving the economic structure and economic performance, saving energy, reducing energy consumption and cutting down on the discharge of pollutants, and to avoid seeking only faster growth an d competing for the fastest growth. In order to realize the goals and complete the tasks for this year's economic and social development, we must closely adhere to the following policies and principles: First, we must stabilize, improve and implement policies. Stabilizing policies means ensuring the continuity and consistency of macroeconomic policy and continuing to follow prudent fiscal and monetary policies. Improving policies means promptly revising policies and measures in。
内政外交文本
Passage1外交部长李肇星2007年发布会中国是一个发展中国家，地域和城乡发展不太平衡，我们老百姓的生活也不算太富裕．我们自己的发展任务任重道远。
在我们看来帮助别人也是帮助自己，我们在谋求自身发展的同时，向其他发展中国家提供力所能及的援助。
提供这些援助的时候都不附加政治条件援助是务实的。
我们自己是在走和平发展的道路，在国际上我们发挥着建设性作用，刚才我提过我们是要为世界的和平、合作和发作事业作努力。
Passage 1参考译文Chinese Foreign Minister Li Zhaoxing’s Press Conference 2007(Extract)China is a developing country．We are faced with the problems of uneven development among different regions and between town and country．The Chinese people themselves have yet to live a well-off life. There is still a long way to go for China to make further achievement in its national economic and social development．But we also hold the conviction that helping others amounts to helping ourselves．We have provided sincere assistance to the African countries．All of these assistances are free of any political strings．China is committed to the path of development and has played a positive role in the international community．We will always be a force for peace，cooperation and development．视译下面的文章Passage 2胡锦涛耶鲁大学2006年演讲节选尊敬的理查德．莱文校长．同学们，老师们．女士们，先生们：首先．我感谢莱文校长的邀请．使我有机会来到世界著名学府耶鲁大学．同青年朋友和老师们相聚在一起。
北京市海淀区2007年政府工作报告
北京市海淀区2007年政府工作报告各位代表：我代表海淀区人民政府，向大会报告工作，请予审议。
一、三年工作回顾本届政府自2004年初成立以来，在市委、市政府和区委的正确领导下，在区人大的监督和区政协的帮助下，坚持以邓小平理论和"三个代表"重要思想为指导，全面贯彻落实科学发展观，团结带领全区人民，继往开来，锐意进取，扎实工作，全区经济社会发展跃上新的台阶。
（一）经济建设步入科学发展轨道，综合实力继续增强2006年预计实现生产总值1500亿元，比2003年增长56%，年均增长16％；区域总税收513亿元，比2003年增长108%；区级财政收入87亿元，比2003年增长83%，年均增长22%；城市居民人均可支配收入21620元，比2003年增长50%；农村居民人均纯收入11000元，比2003年增长29%；城镇登记失业率控制在1.5%以内。
产业结构趋于合理化、高级化，第三产业占生产总值比重超过80％，2005年万元生产总值能耗0.41吨标准煤，为全市平均水平的一半。
全面推进高新技术产业"二次创业"，顺利实现海淀园 "五年上台阶"目标。
2006年园区预计实现总收入3000亿元，比2003年增长76%，继续保持在中关村科技园区和全国高新区中的领先位置。
着力推进自主创新，涌现出一批具有国际竞争力的核心技术和自主品牌，我区"中国名牌产品"数量占全市的32%。
统筹发展电子信息、光机电一体化、生物医药等产业，集群经济效应不断显现。
大力发展文化创意产业，成立了中关村创意产业先导基地，加速了网络企业的聚集发展，文化创意产业增加值占到全市的四成。
积极发展循环经济，推进了六里屯循环经济产业园、电子环保示范工程和再生资源利用体系建设。
不断优化创新创业环境，专业园区、企业孵化器、产业联盟等快速发展，2006年高新技术企业突破17000家。
加快完善城市服务功能，现代服务业不断发展壮大。
2019年英语口译高级：政府工作报告中英翻译(5)
2019年英语口译高级：政府工作报告中英翻译（5）对今年政府工作的建议III. Suggestions for the Work of the Government This Year结合过去十年特别是近五年工作的体会，对今年政府主要工作提出以下建议。
Based on an understanding of the work of the past ten years, especially of the past five years, I wish to make the following suggestions for the government's main work this year.(一)加快转变经济发展方式，促动经济持续健康发展。
1. Accelerating the change ofthe growth model and promoting sustained and sound economic development我国社会主义现代化建设取得的一切成就都建立在经济持续健康发展的基础之上，经济不发展，什么事情都办不成。
All the achievements we havemade in China's socialist modernization are attributable to sustained and sound economic development, without which we would have accomplished nothing.我国仍处于并将长期处于社会主义初级阶段的基本国情没有变，人民日益增长的物质文化需要同落后的社会生产之间的矛盾这个社会主要矛盾没有变，我国是世界上发展中国家的国际地位没有变，发展仍是解决我国所有问题的关键。
China is still in the primary stage of socialism andwill remain so for a long time. This basic national conditionhas not changed; nor has the principal problem in our society, that is, production falls short of the ever-growing material and cultural needs of the people, or China's international position as the largest developing country in the world. Development is still the key to solving all our problems.必须坚持以经济建设为中心，聚精会神搞建设，一心一意谋发展。
2009—2018年《国务院政府工作报告》英译本句法特征的语料库探究
针 对《 报 告 》、《 报 告 》 英 译 本 及《 咨 文 》 的 平 行、 可 比 文 本 的 定 量 分 析， 以及在此基础之上的定性分析，本节对本研究使用的工具和具体研究步骤进行 介绍。
2.1 研究工具
本研究主要使用 4 款语料库软件：WordSmith、AntConc、Passive Voice Detector 及 Readability Analyzer。
关键词：《国务院政府工作报告》、英译、《国情咨文》、语料库、句法特征
1. 引言
21 世纪以来，随着中国改革开放日益深化，中国在国际政治、经济等舞台 上扮演愈发关键的角色，对外交流日趋频繁。作为中国重要的政治文本，一年 一度的《国务院政府工作报告》（以下简称《报告》）对上年度的政府工作进行 汇报，并对当年度的工作计划进行部署，对国家发展起到深远影响，同时是中 国政府对外宣传的重要媒介，也是国际社会获知中国政治、经济等情况的权威 信 息 来 源。 因 此，《 报 告 》 的 英 译 在 中 国 与 世 界 的 交 流 之 中 发 挥 着 举 足 轻 重 的 作用。
本研究选取 2009—2018 年发布的《报告》、《报告》英译本及美国政府《国情 咨文》（以下简称《咨文》）作为研究对象。其中，《报告》作为《报告》英译本的 平行文本，《咨文》作为《报告》英译本的可比文本。《咨文》是美国总统在国会发 表的年度报告，内容主要为当年度的国内外状况及美国政府行将采取的政策措施。 《报告》和《咨文》均是中、美两国政府的施政纲要，二者具有较为合理的可比 性（李晓倩、胡开宝 2017：82）。本研究采用语料库技术开展文本对比分析，探究 研究对象的句法特征，聚焦平均句长、句子数、被动句式使用情况、无主句翻译、 复合句使用频率及常用结构，分析《报告》英译本与平行或可比语料在这些方面 的差异，并探讨差异产生的原因。
Unit 3 政论文的翻译资料
• 集体企业：collective enterprises • 股份制企业：share-holding enterprises • 外商投资企业： • enterprises by foreign investors
乡镇企业：township enterprise
• 着力加强资源节约和环境保护 ， • to strengthen resource conservation and environmental protection;
• 节能：to save energy • 减排：to reduce emission • 降耗：to lower energy consumption • 城市生活污水处理：to treat urban sewage • 生活垃圾：household wastes
• CPI: • Consumer Prices Index • 消费价格指数 • Inflation 通货膨胀 • Deflation 通货紧缩
• 转变增长方式：change of the pattern/model of economic growth • 自主创新： • independent innovation • 民生问题： • issues related to the people‘s wellbeing
• 普通高等教育 • General tertiary education • 中等职业教育 • Secondary vocational education • 普通高中 • Senior secondary education
• 全面推进社会主义经济建设、政治建设、文 化建设、社会建设，为党的十七大召开创造 良好的环境和条件。 • and to promote all aspects of socialist economic, political, cultural and social development to create a good environment and favorable conditions for the convening of the Seventeenth National Congress of the CPC.
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政府工作报告的英文翻译往往比较死，读起来不够地道。
这主要是在翻译过程中，缺乏外国专家的参与（发布前属于国家机密），而国内译者比较谨慎，不敢脱离原文的束缚。
下面向大家提供的，是比较灵活的翻译，当然希望同时忠实于原文意思。
星期一, 10/12/2009 - 14:13 —李长栓说明：有LCS标记的为李长栓的建议，其余均为周蕴仪（Chow Wan Ee）修改1．坚持科学发展、和谐发展、和平发展Employ a scientific approach to development, and maintain harmony and peace during developmentLCS: pursue development based on the scientific approach, harmony and peaceLCS: Adopt a scientific approach to development, a process that emphasizes harmony and peace 2．全面落实科学发展观（LCS: 全面是指从各个方面）LCS: Comprehensively implement the scientific approach to development3．推动经济社会发展切实转入科学发展轨道Economic and social development to adopt scientific approachesLCS: Steer economic and social development into a scientific course.4．科学发展Develop with a scientific approach5．走科学发展道路Employ a scientific approach to development6．科学民主决策Rational and democratic decisionsScientific decisions 没什么意义。
LCS: 在此文件中，建议保留scientific。
关于科学的含义，有许多争议。
7．中央The national leadership/the central Party and government authorities(原为：the central authorities) 要看上下文。
8．今年提出GDP增长8％左右的指标The proposed GDP growth target this year is around 8%.LCS: This year, the GDP growth target is set at round 8%.（强调“提出”）9．文化体育事业进一步繁荣Culture and sports made further progress.10．关心支持残疾人事业的发展Support programs for the physically and mentally challenged persons.LCS: Support programs for people with disabilities.LCS: 几个词的演变：disabled persons, physically and mentally challenged persons, persons with disabilities11．我们要发展老龄事业We will develop old age programs.或者：…Programmes for the elderly.12．经济运行中的关键问题Key issues in economic activities13．解决了三千万农村人口安全用水问题We made safe drinking water available to an additional thirty million rural residents.或者：We provided access to safe-drinking water for an additional thirty million rural residents. 14．制定措施解决农民工问题Formulate policies to address migrant worker discrimination in cities15．要抓紧解决下岗职工就业问题We need to provide reemployment for laid-off workers.LCS: We must act promptly to get the laid-off workers reemployed.LCS: …to help laid-off workers find jobs16．国有企业历史遗留问题The perennial problems with SOEsLCS: The chronic/lingering problems with SOEs17．解决群众关心的看病难问题Address public concerns in access to medical service18．解决人民群众最关心、最直接、最现实的利益问题Resolve issues of greatest practical interest to the people.LCS: Address the biggest concerns of the people19．我们必须以对国家和人民高度负责任的精神采取有力措施解决这些问题We must be responsible to the country and the people by effectively resolving these problems. LCS: We must resolve these problems with a strong sense of responsibility to the nation and the people（强调精神）20．必须把解决”三农”问题作为全部工作的重中之中Resolving the San-nong Issue (farmers, agriculture & countryside) is most importantLCS: We must give top priority to the san-nong issue (agriculture, rural community, and farmers). 21．着力解决民生问题Focus on improving livelihoods.LCS: ….improving living conditions22．解决拖欠工程款和农民工资问题Address the problems of defaults in construction payments and migrant worker wages.LCS: Address defaults on payment to construction companies and their workers.23. 政府自身建设存在一些问题Re-engineering of the government is incomplete.LCS: There are problems in transforming the government itself.24. 存在这些问题根本在于制度不健全,监管不到位The fundamental problems are institutional deficiencies and poor oversight.25. 基层民主政治建设加强Buttressed grassroots democracy..LCS: Political democracy at the grassroots level was buttressed.LCS: 下面的这段话表达的意思，欧盟有一个术语，叫subsidiarity，即尽量把决策权下放，上级政府仅仅起到辅助作用（我译为“从下不从上”原则）。
与中国的不同。
外交部不用grassroots，也许出于这个考虑。
Grassroots democracy is a tendency towards designing political processes where as much decision-making authority as practical is shifted to the organization's lowest geographic level oforganization26. 领导干部要深入基层了解群众疾苦Leadership should conduct grassroots visits to better empathise with the peopleLCS: Leaders should not lose touch with the people.27. 加强基层民主Buttress grassroots democracy28. 经济结构矛盾突出(There are) serious economic structural problems29. 银行资金流动性过剩问题突出excess liquidity (如果excessive，问题一定突出)LCS: liquidity in the banking system is excessive30. 国际收支不平衡矛盾比较突出Pronounced (international –可以省略) payments imbalance.31. 着力解决外贸顺差过大的矛盾Reduce the excess trade surplusLCS: Make major efforts to reduce the excess trade surplus…32. 从各方面采取措施缓解国际收支不平衡的矛盾Resolve payments imbalance from various fronts33. 引发投资增长过快的因素仍然存在Causes of investment overdrive remain.34. 法定支出Statutory expenditure35. 政策性企业破产Administrative bankruptcy所谓政策性破产，就是指国有企业在破产时，将全部资产首先用于安排失业和下岗职工，而不是清偿银行债务。