宾语从句用法小结

宾语从句用法小结
一、宾语从句由关联词引出。

我们根据引导宾语从句的连词不同，
可把宾语从句分为三类：
以从属连词that引导的宾语从句。

(陈述句)
I hear (that) you have passed the examination.
以从属连词if 和whether引导的宾语从句(一般疑问句)
I don‘t know if you can come tomorrow.
以连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句(特殊疑问句) Please tell me how you can get here.
二、宾语从句三要素：一连词, 二语序, 三时态。

1) 从句为陈述句时用that连接(常省略), 从句语序不变;
主句为一般现在时,从句可为任何时态。

主句为过去时态, 从句用相应的过去时态
I think (that) she is a clever girl.
We all know (that) they reached Shanghai yesterday.
Do you know (that) there is going to be a football
match tonight?
I saw (that) they were swimming in the river.
1There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn’t know. Jack didn’t know that there would be a meeting in five days.
2. These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.
He said that these flowers were from Guangdong
3. Tony can come to the school . I think.
I think that Tony can come to the school
4. They returned to Shanghai. I am afraid.
I am afraid that they returned to Shanghai
2) 从句为特殊疑问句时连接词用特殊疑问词引导,
从句改为陈述句语序;
主句为一般现在时,从句可为任何时态。

主句为过去时态, 从句用相应的过去时态
Do you know who she is?
Please tell me how long I can keep this book.
Nobody knows when he came back.
He asked the policeman which is the way to the school.
1What size shoes does Mary wear? She wanted to know . She wanted to know what size shoes Mary wore.
2. When will the train leave? I want to know .
I want to know when the train will leave
3. Who is the new girl in the class? He asked her .
He asked her who was the new girl in the class..
4. What do the words mean? The boy asked the teacher . The boy asked the teacher what the words meant.
. 从句为一般疑问句时，连接词用whether 或if,
从句改为陈述句语序; 主句为一般现在时,
从句可为任何时态。

主句为过去时态,
从句用相应的过去时态
Can you tell me whether/if you can mend the bike?
I don't know whether/if they lived in Paris last year.
I want to know whether/if she will lend you the money.
I don't know whether/if he'll come the day after tomorrow.
She wondered if/whether it rained last night
1. Is there a hotel near here? (Can you tell me).
Can you tell me if/ whether there is a hotel near here?
2. Would they be back in three days? (She wants to know) .
She wants to know if / whether they would be back in three days
3. Do people like watching boat races . I wondered.
I wondered if / whether people liked watching boat races.
4. Does the goddess give him the magic medicine? She asked.
She asked if/ whether the goddess gave him the magic medicine.
几个需要注意的问题：
宾语从句为客观事实或真理时, 从句只能用一般现在时。

The teacher told me (that) the earth is bigger than the moon.
2. If 和whether的区别。

1）Whether 后能跟or not, if 不行。

I’d like to know whether he will come or not.
2）Whether 后能加to do, if 不行。

He doesn’t know whether to work or play.
3）在介词后只能用whether不能用if.
He is trying to find out whether the medicine works
4）whether 置于句首时，不能换用if。

Whether this is true or not , I can't say.
Complete the sentences with if / whether.
1. Uncle Wang came up to see __________ there was anything wrong with the machine.
2. The shop keeper asked my father ________ or not he wanted to choose a big Christmas tree.
3. I don’t know __________ to go or stay.
4. ________ that is true, what should we do?
5. ________ they will ever become future Olympic champions only time will tell.
3.人称问题。

一说二听三不改。

从句中第一人称改成说话的人，第二人称改成听话的人
We are going to pick apples for the farmers. The students said
The students said they were going to pick apples for the farmers.
2.Will you go there with my parents? (He asked her)
He asked her if she would go there with his parents.
3. Can I finish it by myself ? (The old man didn’t know)
The old man didn’t know if he could finish it by himself.
3. Can I finish it by myself ? (The old man didn’t know)
The old man didn’t know if he could finish it by himself.
连词that不能省略的几种情况
在下列that引导的宾语从句中，that
2. that从句中含有主从复合句。

I’m afraid that if you’ve lost it, you must pay for it. 则不能省略。

3. 主、从句之间有插入语时。

如：
It says here, on this card, that it was used in plays.
4. 若出现两个或两上以上的由that引导的宾语从句，
且由并列连词连接时，只有第一个连词that可以省略。

如：
She said (that) she would come and that she would also bring her son. 她说她要来，还要带她的儿子来。