08年高考第一轮复习
高三数学高考第一轮复习计划(10篇)
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【高考英语一轮复习】第一讲 谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致
动词突破篇动词(短语)表示主语的动作、存在、变化或态度。
动词按照动词的意义可以分为实义动词、情态动词、系动词、助动词。
第一讲谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致动词时态历来是高考考查的重点。
动词时态考查虽多，但考向非常集中，最常考的是一般过去时和一般现在时，其次是现在完成时，其他时态考查相对较少。
因此备考重点是：①动词时态的基本用法②动词语态的基本用法③主谓一致动词时态的知识网络(以动词do为例)1.一般时态(1)一般现在时①表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。
We have meals three times a day.我们一日吃三餐。
②表示客观真理、科学事实及自然现象。
The sun sets in the west.太阳从西方落下。
③在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
I’ll write to her when I have time.有时间我会写信给她。
(2)一般过去时①表示过去发生的一次性或习惯性动作或状态。
We often played basketball together.我们(过去)经常在一起打篮球。
②时间、条件、让步状语从句中，若主句用了过去将来时，从句常用一般过去时。
He said he would tell her the news as soon as he met her.他说他一见到她就把这个消息告诉她。
单句语法填空①The 80，000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed (form) the core collection of the British Museum which/that opened in 1759.(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ语法填空)②The unmanned Chang’e－4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess—touched (touch) down last week in the South Pole－Aitken basin.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)③When/As he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed (point) down the river.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)④New methods meant__(mean)that fewer people worked in farming.(2020·浙江卷语法填空)⑤While running regularly can’t make you live forever，the review says it is(be) more effective at lengthening life than walking，cycling or swimming.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)⑥Sarah says，“My dad thinks I should take the offer now.But at the moment，school comes (come) first.I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling.”(全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)2．进行时态(1)现在进行时(am/is/are＋现在分词)①表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
2008年全国高考模拟精选试题2008高三第一轮复习单元测试试卷
2008年全国高考模拟精选试题2008高三第一轮复习单元测试试卷测试题 2019.91,下列各组离子在指定的环境中能大量存在的是A、在pH=1的无色溶液中：SO42-、Cu2+、Na+、Cl-B、在能使石蕊试纸变蓝色的溶液中：Na+、K+、S2-、CO32-C、在加入铝粉能产生H2的溶液中：NH4+、Na+、Fe2+、NO3-D、由水电离出的[H+]=1×10-12mol/L的溶液中：K+、Na+、Cl-、HCO3-2,M(NO3)2热分解化学方程式为：2 M(NO3)22MO+4NO2↑+O2↑。
加热29.6gM(NO3)2使其完全分解，在标准状况下收集11200mL的气体，那么M的摩尔质量是A．64g/mol B．24g/mol C．65g/mol D．40g/mol 3,一定条件下，碘单质与砹单质以等物质的量进行反应，可得AtI。
它与Zn、NH3都能发生反应，化学方程式分别如下2AtI+2Zn==ZnI2+ZnAt2AtI+2NH3(1)==NH4I+NH2At 。
则下列叙述正确的是（）A．ZnI2既是氧化产物，又是还原产物B．ZnAt2既是氧化产物，又是还原产物C．AtI与液氨反应，AtI既是氧化剂又是还原剂D．AtI与液氨反应，是自身氧化还原反应4,对于反应①KHCO3溶液与石灰水反应；②Na2SO3溶液与稀盐酸反应；③Si与烧碱溶液反应；④Fe与稀硝酸反应；改变反应物用量，不能用同一个离子方程式表示的是A ．①②③B ．①②④C ．①③④D ．②③④5,5.12克铜和一定质量的硝酸反应，当铜消耗完时，共收集到标准状况下的气体3.36升，若把装有这些气体的集气瓶倒立在盛水的水槽中，需通入多少升标准状况下的氧气才能使集气瓶充满溶液。
A 0．336升B 0.224升C 0.896升D 1.12升 6,密度为0.910g/cm 3氨水，质量分数为25.0%，该氨水用等体积的水稀释后，所得溶液的质量分数为A ．等于13.5%B ．大于12.5%C ．小于12.5%D ．无法确定7,将标准状况下，将VL A 气体（摩尔质量为Mg/mol ）溶于0.1L 水中，所得溶液密度为ρg/cm 3，则此溶液的物质的量浓度（mol/L ）为A ．B ．C ．D ．100V ρM/（MV+2240）8,t ℃时，将100 g 某物质A 的溶液蒸发掉10 g 水，恢复至t ℃，析出2.5 g 晶体；再蒸发掉10 g 水，恢复至t ℃，析出7.5 g 晶体。
2008届高考英语第一轮复习资料----.doc
Senior1 U1-U81 be fond of/be into/be interested in 喜欢76 make comments on 对——做出评价2 surf the Internet 上网77 stay up 熬夜、牢固耸立3 I'm sure that .../of... 确信78 cause damage to sth. 对——造成破坏4 cast sb. Away 因沉船（坠机）而流落某处79 be clear about 对——清楚5 a deserted island 荒岛80 combine A with B 把A与B结合6 hunt for 猎取81 go over 仔细检查、复习7 make fire 生火82 apologize to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人道歉8 develop a friendship with sb. 与某人发展友谊(做朋友）83 leave sb. a good impression 给某人留下好印象9 even if /even though 即使84 for the first time 第一次10 treat sb. as 把某人当——对待85 be surprised by 被——吓了一跳11 share happiness and sorrow 同甘共苦86 be surprised at 对——感到惊讶12 care for/ care about 关心、照顾87 drink a toast/ drink to/ toast to 祝酒13 argue with sb./quarrel/disagree 与某人争吵88 a little bit bigger than 大一点点14 joke around 开玩笑89 start with/ begin with 由——开始15 drop sb. a line 给某人写邮件90 keep silent 保持沉默16 make yourself at home 请自便91 all the time 总是17 What do you mean by saying that? 这样说什么意思?92 take a tip 舔一下18 in total 总计93 be sure of/ be not sure about 对——(无）有把握19 of one's own 属于某人自己的94 be busy with/ be up to /be occupied with 忙于20 develop into 发展成为95 Why not…?/Why don't you…? 为——不？21 be widely used 被广泛使用96 on the banks of a river 在河边22 communicate with sb. 与某人交流97 look like 看起来象23 have a good knowledge of sth. 熟练地掌握98 be under attack 在（被）——攻击24 the answer to the question 问题的答案99 be under discussion 在（被）——讨论25 over the centuries 几个世纪以来100 give up sth. 放弃26 stay in touch 保持联络101 give in (to sb.) 屈服27 pass away 去世102 in pieces 支离破碎28 chat online 网上聊天103 in ruins 破败不堪29 in the name of sb. 以某人的名义104 bring sb./sth.back to life 使——复活30 mother tongue 母语105 with the help of 在某人的帮助下31 one(many) means of transportation 一种（很多）交通方式106 under sb's guidance(instruction) 在某人的指导下32 boarding call 登机通告107 once again 又一次33 by this means 通过这种方式108 look out over 俯瞰目标34 by no means 决不109 pull down 拆掉35 an unusual experience 一次不寻常的经历110 men's table tennis singles event 乒乓球男子单打项目36 get away from 远离111 up to now/ so far 到目前为止37 have a quick look at 快速地看一眼112 make your voice heard 使自己被听到38 get close to nature 靠近自然113 every four years /every fourth year 每四年39 take exercise 锻炼114 take part in 参加40 go for a hike/ go hiking 去远足115 be allowed to do 被允许做某事41 watch out for 留心（小心）某物116 in modern times 在现代42 as with sth. 正如——一样117 history -making 创历史性的43 see sb. Off 送行118 be prepared for sth.(不好的事情）为——做好准备44 say "hi" to … for sb. 代某人向...问好119 prepare for 为——做准备45 make money 赚钱120 compete with 与某人竞争46 go off 突然发出声响;(闹钟)发出声音121 compete for 为——而竞争47 take good care of 好好照顾122 facial expressions 脸部表情48 keep in mind 放在心上，记牢123 in public 在公众场合49 Well done! 做得好124 keep in touch with 与某人联系50 look around 环顾四周125 be made up of 由——组成51 a loud noise 一声巨响126 date back to/ from 追溯于52 hold onto a tree 抓牢一棵127 be in danger 处于危险中53 a look of fright 害怕表情128 fairy tales 童话54 tree after tree 一棵又一棵树129 in a bad position 处于一个不好的位置55 advance the deadline 提前截止日期130 stand close to sb. 与某人靠得很近56 cut down 砍倒、砍价131 look into one's eyes 看着某人的眼睛57 play a role 扮演一个角色132 have much in common 有很多共同点58 win a prize for 赢得一个奖项133 bring the prize down 降低价格59 later on 后来134 man-made satellite 人造卫星60 at first/ in the beginning 刚开始135 work on 从事于61 take off 起飞，事业成功136 be marked with 用——做标记62 do research in 做研究137 from across the river 从河对岸63 meat-eating 食肉138 from behind the door 从门背后64 owe…to…欠某人；归功于139 the coming sports meeting 即将来临的运动会65 can't help doing 禁不住140 the garden of all gardens 万园之园66 determine to do 决定做某事141 be proud of （为---）感到自豪67 cause trouble 引起麻烦142 That doesn't matter to me. 对我来说无所谓68 take care of 照顾143 save money 攒钱69 take one's place /replace A with B 代替144 lose/put on weight 减肥（增肥）70 can afford to do 有钱做某事145 have the ability to do 有能力做某事71 run after 追赶146 live one's dream 实现梦想72 live on the air (adj.)现场直播147 fire with a gun 开枪73 together with 与某人一起148 think of 想到74 ask sb.for help/turn to sb.for help 向某人求助149 think about 考虑75 think highly of/sing high praise for 高度评价150 change one's mind 改变主意Senior1 U9-U161 on the go 忙碌36 turn into 把…变成2 add to one's trouble 增添负担37 make music one's career 把音乐作为事业3 remind sb of /about 使某人想起38 satisfy one's inner desire 满足内心的欲望4 keep in touch with 保持联系39 express true feelings 表达真实的情感5 call for help 呼救40 forget (about) sth 忘记某事6 in case of an emergency 在紧急情况下41 feel easy 感到舒心7 dream of/about doing 梦想做某事42 on/over the radio 广播中8 take over 接收,接管43 a variety of 多种多样的9 come up with a peaceful solution 提出和平解决的方法44 a series of 一系列的10 communicate… to 传达45 a boy with a scar on his forehead 前额有疤的男孩11 agree with sb/what sb say 同意46 do about 处理,应付12 agree to the plan/proposal 同意计划/建议47 in trouble 处于困境中13 electronic calendar 电子日历48 be afraid of 害怕14 in danger 处于危险中49 come across 偶然遇见15 die out 灭绝;逐渐消失50 fight against 同…做斗争16 the solution to the problem 问题的解决方法51 believe in 信任,信仰17 take turns to do sth/at doing 轮流做某事52 share the same goal 有共同的目标18 do as sb says 按某人说的去做53 compare…with 和…做比较19 take measures 采取措施54 turn around 转过身20 be/get used to the environment 习惯于四周的环境55 happen to do sth 碰巧做某事21 make a great difference 有很大影响56 feel miserable 感到悲哀22 adapt to the change 适应变化57 have no choice but to do sth 别无选择只能…23 devote oneself to 献身于;专注于58 beyond one's power 力所不及的24 environmental pollution 环境污染59 have trouble/difficulty (in)doing 做某事有困难25 leave/let…alone 不理会60 if only 但愿…26 die away 声音光线等渐弱61 sb be scared 某人感到恐惧27 think nothing/little of 轻视,看不起62 have a pain in the chest 胸部疼痛28 think highly/ much of 重视63 have noodles for lunch 午饭吃面条29 think of…as 把…看作64 take medicine 吃药30 think over 仔细考虑65 keep up with the high pace of modern life 保持现代生活的快节奏31 during festivals 在节日期间66 be harmful to/do harm to 对…有害32 have much in common 有很多共同点67 offer advice about/on sth 提供建议33 along with/ together with 和…一道68 keep a balanced diet 保持均衡饮食34 be known throughout the world 闻名于世69 lose weight 减肥35 open one's ear to 专心听105 on purpose 故意地70 stay fit and healthy 保持健康106 for the purpose of doing sth 目的在于71 cut sth into pieces 把…切碎107 have/ losefaith in 对…有/失去信心72 have a fever 发烧108 Her face lit up with joy. 照亮;使…容光焕发73 You have a bit of a fever. 你有点发烧109 ten years of hard work 十年的艰辛劳动74 make choices about 做选择110 a moment's rest/a moment of rest 短暂的休息75 keep our body functioning well 保持身体运转良好111 after all 毕竟76 become (a)part of 成为一部分112 call on sb at sp. 拜访某人/某地77 environmentally friendly food 友谊环境的食物113 call on sb to do 号召某人做某事78 eat sth in the right amount 吃适量东西114 day and night 日日夜夜79 dress up for the wedding. 为婚礼盛装打扮115 at (the) most 至多80 the best way to do/of doing 做某事的方法116 pay back 偿还81 There is nothing serious 你的膝盖没什么117 pay off debts 还清债务82 wrong with your knee. 严重的118 invite sb to an evening party 邀请某人参加晚会83 have dinner with one's family 和家人吃饭119 try on 试穿84 I am a little bit nervous about it. 我有点担心120 have a good time 玩得愉快85 at the dinner table 在餐桌旁121 I am pretty sure she is busy now. 我很确信她很忙86 now and then 时而,不时地122 act as one of the heroes 扮演其中一个主角87 dress up as a policeman 装扮成警察123 in one's opinion 在某人看来88 dress up in one's parents clothes 穿着父母的衣服124 make use of 利用89 in honor of 纪念;庆祝125 add… to 给．．．加上90 honor our ancestor 纪念我们的祖先126 fasten/tie…to 把．．．系到91 a seven-day festival 七天的节日127 be in tears 哭泣92 get together 聚会128 end in a tie 以平局结束93 greet the new year 迎接新年129 go against your view 与你的观点相反94 have many things in common 有很多相同的地方130 in your own words 用自己的话95 do as much as sb can to do sth 尽力去做某事131 conduct/do/make/perform/carry out 做大量实验96 treat sb to lunch/a nice lunch 请某人吃午饭132 a number of experiments97 in other words 换句话说133 The cloth tears easily. 布很容易撕破98 play tricks on sb 作弄某人134 tear down old houses 拆毁老房子99 the week following Christmas Day 圣诞后的那个星期135 There is no doubt that 对．．．没有疑问100 take in 欺骗;理解;包含136 be charged with 充满101 a way to celebrate history 庆祝历史和文化137 get my cellphone charged 充电102 and culture 的方法138 What he said proved true. 他的话证明是真实的．103 make peace with sb 和某人和解139 sit close to sb 和某人坐得很近104 commit a crime 犯罪140 think highly of 对．．．评价很高Senior1 U17-U221 It is said that=people say that 据说44 stand for 代表/忍受/赞成…2 A makes/leaves an impression on B A给B留下了印象45 in other words 换句话讲3 a world champion 世界冠军46 do/carry out/conduct/make/have an experimenton …在…做实验4 be about to do sth… when 正准备做某事突然…47 a practical guide to…一本对...有效地指南5 (just)around the corner 即将发生/来临48 go against 反对/违背…6 struggle through 艰难的度过49 turn over 翻身/翻转/移交…7 put up 张贴/举起/建造…50 turn down 关小，调低…/拒绝…8 die down 平息/消失/变弱51 do research on/in/into sth. 在…做研究9 die out 灭绝52 a couple of…一些/一对/两三个10 at the top of one's voice 高声的53 make fun of/laugh at 嘲笑11 at the tip of one's tongue 在某人嘴边54 date back to/from 追溯至12 be thankful for…对…表示感激55 be on good terms(with sb) 与某人关系好13 be in good/poor/bad health 身体好/不好56 intend to…有意，想要做…14 stand on one's leg/head 用腿/头站立57 act out small sketches 演小品15 knock ... over 撞倒/打翻…58 act as…充当…16 knock sb. down 撞倒/击倒…59 play with (words/fire…) 玩(文字游戏/火)17 take up (a job/sports…) 从事某工作/作为爱好60 be influent in…在…很流利18 come to terms with…与…妥协/达成协议61 look on… as…把…看作…19 lie in…存在于…62 in the future 从今以后20 do sth. without regret 毫无遗憾的做某事63 ahead of (在时间/空间上)更前21 be surrounded by…由…所围绕64 tear down 拆除…22 make/produce electrity 发电65 tear up 撕毁…23 take possession of…占有/拥有…66 hold up 举起…24 sign an agreement with…与…签订协议67 make a face 做鬼脸25 has a population of…有着…数目的人口68 give sb a hand 帮助某人26 the majortiy of…大多数的…69 do sb a favor 帮助某人27 an official language 官方语言70 look into sb's eys 看着某人的眼睛28 A is marked with B 在A上用B做记号71 be greeted with…受到…的欢迎29 turn to sb/sth/doing sth. 向某人求助/转向…72 get through 接通/熬过/使人了解…30 sth. be of high quality 某物质量高73 in a world of strangers 在一群陌生人中31 sth.be in big size 某物尺寸大74 feel down 感到沮丧32 keep/raise sheep 养羊75 make up 编造/化妆/组成33 invite sb. to dinner 邀请某人吃晚饭76 put things in order 整理物品34 to one's shock/surprise 使某人惊讶的是…77 cut off 切断/突然中止35 as/so far as I know/can see, 就我所知，依我看78 get it 明白了36 make full/the best use of…充分利用79 go straight down this road 沿这条路笔直走下去37 make the most of…充分利用80 on one's left 在某人的左边38 make the best of…充分利用81 be based on/upon…以…为基础39 bring in…赚钱/引进/带…进来82 combine A with B 将A和B结合起来40 in the 1980s 在20世纪80年代83 divide A into B 把A分成B部分41 be harmful to/do harm to…对…有害处84 risk injury 冒着受伤的危险42 be friendly to…对…友好85 fly a helicopter 驾驶直升机43 protect A from B 保护A不受B的侵袭86 visitors to Ocean Park 海洋公园的参观者Senior2 U1-U81 have a genius/gift/talent for/doing 有某方面的天赋72 by the light of a candle 借着烛光2 undertake (to do) something 着手干某事73 get through 通过;完成3 undertake that-clause 保证…74 next to never 几乎从来不4 keep/bear… in mind 记住75 come into being 出现;产生5 have…in mind 在想，在计划76 in one’s absence 某人不在时6 There’s no point in doing 做某事无意义77 in/by comparison with 与…比起来7 be engaged to sb. 与某人订婚（表状态）78 consist of/be made up of 由…组成8 get engaged to sb. 表动作79 make the most of 充分利用9 be engaged in (doing) sth. 忙于某事80 in general 一般地;大体上10 work on 从事于81 have advantages over 胜过;优于11 be curious about 对某事好奇82 stand for 代表12 what if …倘若…怎么办，即使又怎样83 form the basis for 为…打基础13 be patient with sb./of sth. 对…有耐心，容忍84 end up with 以…结束;以…为下场14 make a difference 有关系，有影响85 local accents 地方口音15 use up 用光，耗尽，精疲力竭86 be of great value 具有很大价值16 turn out/prove (to be) 证明是，结果是87 have a clear idea of 对…有一个清晰的认识17 seek for 探索某事，寻找某物88 on the basis of 以…为基础18 dream of 梦想做某事89 without doubt 毫无疑问19 debate about sth,.with sb. 和某人讨论某事90 off the coast 在海岸外20 the other way around 相反地91 hold together (使)连在一起;(使)团结一致21 in the early 1970s 在20世纪70年代初92 as far as 远达22 that much worse 那么糟糕93 throughout the year 全年;一整年23 a promising graduate student 有前途的研究生94 run over 在…上面驶过24 top universities 重点大学95 at one point 在某处;一度25 a branch of science 学科96 catch a glimpse of 瞥见26 the causes and effects 原因和结果97 keep in touch with 与…保持联系27 take measures 采取措施98 pay attention to 注意;留意28 rely on 依靠99 deal with 处理;安排29 be on fire 着火（指状态）100 in store 贮藏着;准备着;就要来到30 catch fire 着火（指动作）101 to ensure safety 为保证安全31 set sth. on fire/set fire to sth. 放火102 advanced computer system 先进的计算机系统32 rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人的某物103 distance education 远程教育33 steal sth. from sb. 偷盗某人的某物104 dreams come true 梦想成真34 make informed decisions 作出明智的决定105 on the air 在广播中35 feature story 专题报道106 combine shopping with fun 购物娱乐相结合36 draw/attract/catch one’s attention 吸引某人的注意力107 keep…company 陪伴37 make an effort/efforts (to do) 努力地干…108 cure sb. of 治愈某人的…病38 without effort 毫不费劲地109 as usual 照例;想往常一样39 spare no effort(to do) 不遗余力地干110 attitude to/towards 对…的态度40 suffer from 苦于…,患……病111 be/become infected with 感染…41 be faced with/face 面临112 live with 忍受;与…住一起42 relate to 理解或同情某物113 die of 病(饿、悲伤、冻)死43 burn down 烧成平地,烧毁114 die from 死于交通事故,灾难44 be addicted to 沉溺于115 cheer(…)up （使）感到兴奋,为…加油45 for once 就这(那)一次116 on the contrary 正相反46 fall in love with 爱上117 for the moment 暂时；目前47 look up to 尊敬,钦佩118 at the moment 目前、此刻48 current affairs 时事119 in a moment 立刻、马上49 change one’s mind 改变主意120 for a moment 过了一会儿50 on all sides 在各方面,到处121 the moment 一…就…51 adapt (oneself) to (使)适应122 free from 不受…的影响;没有…的52 be armed with 用…武装123 break down 破坏,毁坏;发生故障53 nine out of ten 十分之九124 as with 和…一样54 a block of apartments 一幢公寓楼125 keep sb. alive 让某人活下去55 go against 违反126 a lack of 缺乏,缺少56 act as 充当,担任127 to the full/fullest 充分地,完全地,尽情地57 be decorated with 用…装饰128 take every chance 利用时机,碰碰运气58 be convenient to sb. 对某人来说方便129 be diagnosed with 诊断患有59 a piece of furniture 一件家具130 a sad look in one’s eyes 眼睛中哀伤的神情60 in preference to 优先于131 first aid 急救61 fill up with 用…装满132 roll over 翻转,倒转62 set aside 拨出,留下将来使用133 in honor of 为向…表示敬意,为纪念…63 feel invited 感到被吸引134 in case of +名词或名词性短语假使,以防64 call up 打电话;召唤;使人想起135 in case +从句65 stand out 突出;显眼136 a list of 一张…的清单66 put…together 把…结合成一体137 seconds count 争分夺秒67 play with 玩耍…138 help is on the way 救助就要来到68 light up 点着(烟等);照亮139 call for an ambulance 叫救护车69 send for 使某人来到140 stay calm 保持镇定70 contribute to 为.作贡献;有助于;向…投稿141 stand for 代表71 follow special patterns 遵循特殊格式142 be worn out 穿破,筋疲力尽Senior2 U9-U161 take action 采取行动94 eight feet ub height 高８英尺2 wipe off 消灭95 at\from a distance 从远处3 in harmony with 与…协调96 in the distance 在远处，远方的4 put an end to 结束97 keep sb. As a prison 与…保持距离，不很亲密5 have access to 接近,有机会进入98 focus one's attention on 集中注意力于6 take part in 参与99 devote one's attention to 专心于7 make sure 确保100 turn one's attention to 将注意力转向8 stay warm 保持温暖101 attract\catch\draw\get one's attention 吸引某人的注意力9 key to …的办法，答案102 turn… upside down 翻转，倒过来10 compare with 与…比较103 come up with 提出，想出11 be all for 完全赞同104 make notes 记录，记下12 make a difference 有区别105 call in 召来，请来13 be determined to do 下决心做某事106 that is 也就是说14 make an outline of 写出…的大纲107 break down 毁坏，抛锚，受挫15 sustainable development 可持续发展108 become available to 对…有效，对…有用16 in rural areas 在农村地区109 take advantage of 利用17 have a great effect on 有很大影响110 do the work 起作用，生效18 attend to 处理，注意倾听，111 be sensitive to 对…反应敏感19 be content to do sth 愿意做…112 a variety of 各种各样的20 be content with 对…满意113 contribute to 对…有贡献，有助于21 have no alternative but 除…外别无选择114 all the way 一直22 be faced with 面临115 add…to…把…加到…之上23 hit sb. in the face 打某人的脸116 up to 一直到24 at hand 近在手边，117 compare to 比作25 knock about 接连打击，漫游，闲逛118 mix with 与…相混合26 all of a sudden 突然地，冷不妨119 be caught in 陷于27 call for courage 需要勇气120 benefit from 从…收益28 the other way 另一个方向，相反121 set an example to 为…树立榜样29 stand on end 竖立起来122 at first sight 乍一看30 draw one's attention to 注意到123 of all times 永远的31 calm down 平静下来124 believe in 信任32 light up 照亮125 have…in common 与…有共同之处33 in a panic 惊恐地126 lead to 导致34 on board 在船上，上船127 treat…as 把…当作…对待35 all at once 突然，忽然128 think of…as 认为…是36 urge sb.to do sth 敦促某人做某事129 separate…from 把…与…分隔开来37 in a whisper 低声地，悄声地130 in all ways 在各个方面38 live through 度过，禁受住131 put…into prison 把某人关进监狱39 be scared\frightened to death 吓死132 give a speech 发表演说40 on arrival 一到达就…133 start with 以…开始41 hold out 伸出134 give a voice to 表明，吐露42 come on 跟着来135 keep body and soul together 维持生活，糊口43 leave out 省去136 fill in the form 填表格44 do for 照料，设法做到137 in the form of 以…形式45 draw near 逼近138 every now and then 不时地46 call for 要求，需要139 be surrounded by\with 被…环绕47 strike a match 划火柴140 a wedding feast 婚宴48 turn around 转身141 dip into 把手伸入，浏览，稍加研究49 come to life 复活142 on shore 在岸上，在陆上50 from hand to mouth 现挣现吃，仅够糊口143 a family budget 家庭预算51 on the one hand…on the other hand 一方面，另一方面144 have an itch to do sth 渴望52 have…in common 与…有共同之处145 give sb.a glimpse of 让某人看一眼53 have…in store 有…要发生,即将到来146 be known for 因…而著名54 be home to 是…的所在地147 stand next to 站在…的旁边，依偎在…旁55 get started 开始创建148 be tired of 厌烦，不喜欢56 come true 实现,成为现实149 be tired with 因…而劳累57 set foot in 进入,踏进150 be tired from doing 因…而疲倦58 run a company 开公司151 be located in 坐落在…59 have an effect on 对…有影响152 take a dip 去游泳，去洗澡60 rely on 依赖,依靠153 make a list of 列出61 come to life 恢复生气,活跃起来154 travel light 轻装旅行62 put forward 提出(注意,计划等) 155 sort out 整理好，挑出来63 aim at doing sth 目的是做某事156 for the first time 第一次64 work on 致力于，从事工作157 bring up 抚养，呕吐65 set up 建立158 place of interest 名胜66 at the same time 同时159 make a mistake 犯错误67 come along 进展，好转160 close to 靠近68 lead to 导致，通向161 deal with 处理69 be filled with 充满162 drive off 赶走70 prepare for 为…作准备163 burn down 烧毁71 map out 拟定（计划）164 take away 拿走，没收72 in private 私下地，在不公开场合165 lead sb. to do 带领某人做…73 arrange for sb. to do 安排…做…166 a series of 一系列74 be based on 以…为基础167 shoot sb. to death 枪毙75 make a map of 画一张…草图168 in honour of 为了纪念76 in the far future 在遥远的将来169 in vain 白费，徒劳77 remind sb.of sth 提醒某人某事170 be proud of 以…而自豪78 turn out to be 结果证明是…171 be determined to do 下决心做…79 set out 出发，动身，陈列，摆设172 fight against 反对80 in public 公开地，当众173 take a chance to do 抓住机会做81 search for 寻找，搜索174 be forced to do 被迫做82 throw light upon 阐明某事175 have an effect on 对…有影响83 attract one's attraction 吸引某人的注意176 ever since 自那时起84 slow down 减速177 in turn 轮流，反过来85 cut up 切碎178 make an agreement with 与…达成协议86 as a recult of 结果是179 feed on 以吃…为主87 burn out 烧掉，烧尽180 die out 灭绝88 develop one's love for 渐渐喜欢上…181 on sale 出售，减价89 lay the foundation of 打下…的基础182 recover from 从…中恢复过来90 set out to do sth. 着手做某事183 at the sacrifice of 以牺牲…为代价91 in one's effort to do sth. 努力做某事184 sell sth. at a sacrifice 贱卖，亏本出售92 from that day on 从那天起185 go on an adventure 去冒险93 keep sb. as a prison 囚禁某人186 get stuck …受困/被堵住Senior2 U17-U201 get around/get about 四处走动;活动21 as/so far as I know 就我所知2 an obstacle race 障碍赛22 accuse sb.of sth. 指控某人某事3 feel/have sympathy for/with sb. 对某人表示同情23 as a consequence 结果是4 a visically impaired student 一个弱视的学生24 tear up (tore;torn ) 撕毁;取消(合同)5 adjust (oneself) to 使适应于/使适合25 do good deeds 做好事6 participate in 参加26 make a fortune 发财7 be accessible to 容易得到的;了解;亲近27 bargain with sb. 与某人讨价还价8 edible chopsticks 可吃的筷子28 at the mercy of…任由…摆布或控制9 allow for 过及;为…作准备29 go down on one's knees 跪下10 get stuck 遇到困难;陷进去30 in good order 井井有条;有秩序11 break away from 摆脱;脱离31 a writer of distinction 一位优秀作家12 There's a possibility that…有…的可能性32 tend to 朝某方向;趋于13 be aware of 知道;意识到33 on (the) average 平均14 after all 毕竟;终究;别忘了34 in terms of 就…而言15 keep track of 保持联系35 in the eyes of 在…看来16 deny doning sth. 否认做某事36 lend a hand 帮助17 pay back 偿还;报答37 a quantity of/quantities of 大量;许多18 have mercy on 对…表示怜悯38 serve as 作为;当作19 take revenge on sb. 对某人进行报复39 dig up 挖出;掘起20 go about 开始做;着手于40 break down 分解/出毛病/身体/精神崩溃Senior3 U1-U81 be in anxiety of 渴望35 under the command of sb. 在某人的率领下2 keep track of 记载、保持联系36 set sail 扬帆起航3 reach a length of 长达37 in return 作为回报4 stand out 显得突出、显眼38 in turn 轮流5 lead sb. to do sth 使得某人做某事39 pay off 还清6 be entertained by 被…逗乐40 apart from 除…之外、只是、脱离开7 set a record for 创…记录41 rely on sb. doing/to do 指望某人做某事8 break/beat the record of 打破…的记录42 ran out 耗尽9 put/place…on record 让大家都知道…43 have no chance of 无…的机会10 keep records/a record 把...记录下来44 make use of 充分利用11 make an effort to do sth. 尽力做某事45 make a desperate attempt 孤注一掷12 once and for all 一劳永逸46 as a consequence 结果13 take exercise 参加锻炼47 in concequence14 depend on 依靠、取决于48 suffer from 受…之苦、患…疾病15 head for 开往、前往、将碰到49 differ from... in... 在…方面有别于…16 head for 前往50 claim sth for sb. 宣布某物为某人所有17 be familiar to 熟悉51 transform … into …把… 变成…18 get ready for sth. 为…做准备52 set foot 进入到某处19 put sb. to death 处死某人53 set eyes on 看到、见过20 step away from 逃避54 come to realise 开始意识到21 give an interview to sb. 接见某人55 the sense of responsibility 责任感22 make preparations 做准备工作56 feed … on sth. 用某物喂…23 be prepared to do sth. 为…做准备57 give birth to 生出be prepared for sth. 58 from east to west 从东到西24 by day 白天里59 all the year round 整个一年25 apply for 申请60 drag one's leg 疲惫不堪地走26 play tricks/a trick on sb. 作弄某人61 involve in 使牵连、使承担27 take possession of sth. 占有62 go back to 回过来谈、可追溯到28 in the name of 以…的名义63 compare A to B 把A比作B29 masses/a mass of 大量64 compare A with B 拿Ａ和B比较30 equip sth. with... 用… 来装备某物65 compare notes 交换意见31 find one's way to 到达66 be born wise 天生聪明32 look out for 提防67 a first journey 处女行33 the court of Song Dynasty 宋朝朝廷68 have an appetite for 有得到… 的欲望34 on a large scale 大规模地99 take a close look at oneself 好好反省自己69 in one's youth 在某人年轻的时候100 make up 创造、编造、弥补、化妆、构成70 the teeth on a saw 锯齿101 make sense 讲得通、能被理解、有道理71 advertise for 登广告征求102 stand for 代表、主张、容忍、竞选72 react on/upon each other 互相影响103 cast away 扔掉、（船破后）使…遗留在73 appeal to sb.for sth/to do sth. 向某人呼吁…104 set off74 be angry with sb. 生某人的气105 make for 有助于、向…冲去、可成为75 be angry about/at sth. 对…感到生气106 be related to 和… 有关、和…有亲属关系76 go hand in hand with 于…同步发展107 set down 放下、记下、确定、让下车77 Post no bills! 禁止粘贴！108 distinguish between fiction and facts 区辩真伪78 accuse sb. of 指责、控告109 get/grow/get/become accustomed to 习惯于79 associate A with B 把Ａ和Ｂ联系起来110 have no choice but to do sth. 除了干…之外别无选择80 get… across 使…通过、使…被理解111 a race against time 一场于时间的赛跑81 make sb.aware of 让某人意识到112 front-page news 头条新闻82 keep an eye out for 警惕113 Every minute counts! 分秒必争83 at the best price 以最好的价格114 be at stake 处于险境84 steep hill 陡峭的山坡115 risk one's lives to do sth. 冒着生命危险去干某事85 burst into laughter/a loud laugh 大笑起来116 risk one's lives in doing sth.86 burst out laughing 117 risk doing 冒险干某事87 draw a conclusion 得出结论118 No pains, no gains！不劳无获！88 take a critical attitude towards 对…持批判态度119 have some difficulty with sth. 在某方面有困难89 at the right time 在合适的时机120 have some difficulty in doing sth. 干某事有困难90 with the purpose of 带着… 的目的121 learn from mistakes 吸取教训91 import taxes 进口税122 answer for 对…负责、对…承担责任92 make sense of 弄懂123 go for sth. 设法得到93 remind sb.of /about sth. 使想起、提醒124 have an interview with sb.about sth. 因某事与某人会晤remind sb.that 125 attend to 照顾/照看/接待顾客reming sb. to do sth. 126 be at the hands of sb. 在某人手中受折磨94 believe in oneself 对自己有自信127 at one time 从前/ 一度95 more of A than B 不像B而更具有A的特点128 at a time 依次/每次96 a desperate criminal 亡命之徒129 suspected cases 疑似病例97 be honest with sb. 对… 坦诚130 protective suits 防护服98 lose heart 灰心131 have a positive effect /influence on/upon…对…有积极的影响Senior3 U9-U161 aim at doing/sth 以…为目标104 stick with sb through thick and thin 和某人共患难2 be diagnosed with 被诊断为…105 pull out(of) 退出3 be laid-off 下岗106 at one's leisure/in one's spare time 在某人空闲时间4 take a bank loan to pay for.. 贷款支付107 live up to one's reputation 行为和名声相符5 at half the cost 以半价108 suspect sb. of sth 疑心某人干某事6 provide easy access to sp. 提供便捷通道109 for the sake of 由于/为了..的利益/7 low-income families 低收入家庭为了某人,看在..份上8 put extra pressure on sb. 增加额外负担110 keep an eye on 照看,留心瞧着9 Statistics indicate that….. 数据表明111 have an eye for 能欣赏/判断10 purchase medical insurance 购买医疗保险112 keep an eye out 当心,警惕11 cover the basic needs 满足基本需求113 take. .into consideration/take account of 把什么考虑在内12 be serious about 对…是认真的114 as a whole 总起来,作为整体13 create social problems 产生社会问题115 hands-on 亲身实践的/实习的14 Thanks to the constant efforts of 由于…的不懈努力116 to begin with 首先,第一,起初15 to make matters worse/ 使情况更困难/危险117 be absent from 缺席的,不在场的worse still/what's worse 118 drop out (of) 退出,辍学16 get from bad to worse 每况愈下119 donate sth to sb. 捐赠某人某物17 local residents 当地居民120 It is evident to sb. that.. …是明显的,显然的18 meet the challenge 迎接挑战121 suit … to …使相配,使适合19 make ends meet 量入为出122 be suited to do(for)/be suitable for 适合的,恰当的20 attend to 处理,照顾,关照123 accomplish a task 完成任务。
2008届莱芜第二中学高三一轮复习第一次月考
2008届山东省莱芜市第二中学高三一轮复习第一次月考地理试题注意事项:本试题分第I卷（选择题）和第n卷（非选择题）两部分，第I卷 1 —4页，第n卷5—8页，共100分，考试时间90分钟。
第I卷（选择题，共60分）一、选择题（本题包括30小题，每小题2分，共60分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题意。
）北京时间2006年8月24日晚，来自不同国家的2500名参加世界天文学大会代表，对四个关于确定太阳系行星身份的草案进行投票表决后决定，冥王星失去“行星”地位，被划为“矮行星”。
03年发现的天体一一齐娜也未能成为太阳系的第十大行星。
读下图回答1 —3题。
1.冥王星被“开除”出太阳系行列，主要考虑的因素A .质量大小B .发光强度C.密度大小 D .有无卫星2•根据图示信息，齐娜属太阳系天体中的A •卫星B •彗星C.流星 D •矮行星3. 地球上孕育生命的水主要源于A .天外来客彗星上冰物质融化B .地球内部结晶水汽化C.地球两极冰川融化 D •氢气燃烧生成水张老师要到美国洛杉矶（119° W）友谊校参观访问，机票上飞机起飞时间为北京时间12月3日9:40。
途径东京，于洛杉矶当地4. 张老师从北京到洛杉矶的旅途时间是A . 24小时50分钟C . 16小时50分钟12月3日10:30降落。
据此回答4—5题。
B . 23小时10分钟D . 15小时10分钟5. 到达洛杉矶后，为了与当地时间一致，张老师调整手表时间的最快捷方法是A .顺时针拨快8小时B .逆时针拨慢8小时泰山日出是旭日东升的壮观景象，宋代词人梅圣尧有“晨登日观峰，海水黄金熔，浴出C .顺时针拨快4小时D .逆时针拨慢4小时泰山一年日出方位变化图6.五一”旅游黄金周某陈先生在泰山顶观察到日出时间是北京时间 5: 00,则泰山当日的昼长约A. 14.5小时 B . 12小时 C . 14小时D . 16小时7. —年中，泰山观日出时刻最早的方位是A .④B .③C .②D .①“天高云淡，望断南归雁，不到长城非好汉！同志们，屈指行程已二万！同志们，屈 指行程已二万！六盘山呀山高峰，赤旗漫卷西风。
08年高考考前指导
08年高考考前指导08高考总的精神•命题原则：•能力立意，文中有变，文中有新。
•内容要求：•更加注重基础性；•突出综合性；•把握时代性；•反映地方性。
这个阶段的建议•在前面感性复习、积淀的基础上，实现理性升华：•明了命题规律，掌握应对策略；•规范应对思维，熟练答题技巧；•提高答题的敏度、准度、速度。
例如科学文阅读1、了解命题规律，训练应对思路☆写说明文,一般总要先交代“说明的”是什么；读说明文，首先要明了作者“说明的”是什么；因此命题者，也总是从明确“说明对象”入手命题。
问法有（天津5、8两题）：（1）直接问定义（2）问概念内涵（3）问对说明对象表述或理解应对思路•第一，明确解释概念的语言形式：什么是什么，即逻辑的定义、语法的判断句形式：•被定义项（主语）+ 是 + 种差（定语）+ 属概念（宾语）•干扰手法：①改变被定义项，②无“是”字，③属概念不恰当，④或扩或缩在种差上做手脚。
•第二，辨析选项是否符合这个语言形式，排除不符合语言形式（即构不成“什么是什么”）的项•前三难度较小，第④难度大。
•第三，若各选项都符合上述语言形式，那么，还要参照原文仔细对照个选项的种差（即定语部分），既不可扩大（无中生有、牵强转移），又不可缩小（以偏代全、取豆丢瓜）。
•有的种项有三四种，例如“污染”就可分水污染、光污染、空气污染、噪音污染等；每个种项还可再细分，如光污染，还可分强光、彩光等；那么种差就会较复杂，就需要找出能概括它们共性的“最小公倍”作为判断的标准。
•这种题型难度大。
•例1：•下列对“非物质文化遗产”这一概念的内涵表述不正确的一项（07年12区县5题）•A、“非物质文化遗产”是指那些能代表民族文化认同，且濒于失传的文化表现形式。
•B、“非物质文化遗产”相对于可传承的物质遗产而言，是一种无形遗产。
•C、“非物质文化遗产”必须是指各民族独特的传统杰出工艺及非文字形式的艺术等文化表现形式。
•D、“非物质文化遗产”由于现代化、城市化的影响，受到越来越大的冲击，故而急需保护。
考点08物质的组成性质及分类2021年高考化学一轮复习考点过(有近5年高考真题)
考点08 物质的组成、性质及分类一、物质的组成1．元素（1）概念：元素是具有相同核电荷数（即质子数）的一类原子的总称。
（2）存在状态游离态：元素以单质形式存在的状态，此时元素的化合价为0。
化合态：元素与其他元素结合成化合物的存在状态，此时元素的化合价一般为正价或负价。
2．原子、分子、离子、原子团原子：化学反应中的最小微粒，由原子核及核外电子构成，呈电中性，在化学反应中原子核不变，只有核外电子发生变化。
分子：能够独立存在并保持物质化学性质的最小微粒，由原子构成，呈电中性，具有一定的物理化学性质；根据所含原子数可分为单原子分子、双原子分子、多原子分子。
离子：带电荷的原子或原子团，由带电荷的原子或原子团构成，具有一定的化学性质；可分为阳离子、阴离子。
原子团：由两种或两种以上元素的原子构成的原子集团，在化学反应中通常以整体参加反应，原子通过共价键结合构成，具有一定的化学性质。
过关秘籍（1）基是指带有单电子的原子团。
如—CH3、—CH2—(亚甲基)、—CH2CH3。
（2）官能团是指决定有机物化学性质的原子或原子团。
如—OH、—CHO、—COOH、—X(卤素原子)等。
3．同素异形体（1）概念：同种元素形成的不同单质叫同素异形体。
（2）形成方式：①原子个数不同，如O2和O3；②原子排列方式不同，如金刚石和石墨。
（3）性质差异：物理性质差别较大，同素异形体之间的转化属于化学变化。
4．混合物和纯净物（1）纯净物：由同种单质或化合物组成的物质。
（2）混合物：由几种不同的单质或化合物组成的物质。
（3）常见的混合物举例：①气体混合物②液体混合物③固体混合物5．常见物质的俗名Ca(OH)2熟石灰、消石灰(C6H10O5)n淀粉或纤维素NaCl 食盐CO(NH2)2尿素CaSO4·2H2O 生石膏2CaSO4·H2O 熟石膏二、物质的性质和变化谨记常见物质的性质与用途常见物质日常应用利用的性质钠核反应堆的传热介质熔点较低，导热性好过氧化钠呼吸面具或潜水艇中作为氧气来源2Na2O2＋2CO2=== 2Na2CO3＋O2 2Na2O2＋2H2O===4NaOH＋O2↑氢氧化钠制肥皂与油脂发生皂化反应生成高级脂肪酸钠氯化钠制取钠、氯气、氢氧化钠2NaCl＋2H2O=====通电H2↑＋Cl2↑＋2NaOH2NaCl(熔融)=====通电2Na＋Cl2↑氨碱法制纯碱NaCl＋H2O＋NH3＋CO2===NaHCO3↓＋NH4Cl2NaHCO3=====△Na2CO3＋H2O＋CO2↑调味剂具有咸味配制生理盐水(0.9%) 体液替代物碳酸氢钠发酵粉、膨松剂2NaHCO3=====△Na2CO3＋H2O＋CO2↑胃酸中和剂HCO－3＋H＋===H2O＋CO2↑气体的干燥剂碳化硅作砂纸、砂轮的磨料硬度大干冰人工降雨升华吸热乙烯作果实的催熟剂具有催熟作用氨气制冷剂液氨汽化时吸收大量的热三、物质的分类1．基本概念（1）混合物：由两种或两种以上的物质混合而成的称为混合物，如空气、海水等。
高考化学一轮复习名师讲解课件第五章物质结构元素周期律5-368张PPT - 副本
【解析】 本题主要考查对化学反应的实质即旧化学键的 断裂与新化学键的生成的理解程度以及物质中所含化学键类型 的判断。 A 选项中没有非极性共价键的断裂与形成；B 选项中 没有离子键的断裂，也没有非极性共价键的断裂与生成；C 选
－ 项中没有非极性共价键的生成； D 选项中反应前有 Na＋与 O2 2 的
【解析】
KOH 中含有 K＋和 OH－有离子键也有共价键，
属于离子化合物，A 正确； N2 属于单质，含有 N≡ N，B 不正 确； MgCl2 中含有 Mg2＋和 Cl－只含有离子键， C 不正确； NH4Cl 中含有共价键，全部由非金属元素组成，但属于离子化合物， D 不正确。
【答案】 A
(1)有化学键被破坏的变化不一定是化学变化， 如 HCl 溶于 水、NaCl 晶体熔化。 (2) 许多非金属单质和许多共价化合物在熔化时并不破坏 共价键，如 O2、HCl、CO2、H2O 等。
【解析】 NH4Cl 中既含有共价键，也含有离子键，A 错； 非金属原子以共价键结合形成的可能为共价化合物如 HCl，也 可能为单质如 H2、 O2，B 错；NH4NO3 为离子化合物，C 错； 共价化合物，最少含有两种不同的非金属元素，非金属原子是 通过共用电子对形成共价化合物的，D 对。
【答案】 D
(3)既含有离子键又含有共价键的物质，如 Na2O2、CaC2、 NH4Cl、NaOH、Na2SO4 等。 (4)无化学键的物质，稀有气体，如氩气、氦气等。 2．化学键对物质性质的影响 (1)对物理性质的影响 金刚石、晶体硅、石英、金刚砂等物质，硬度大、熔点高， 就是因为其中的共价键很强，破坏时需消耗很多的能量。
熔点、沸点、溶解度
，而
化学键影响物质的化学性质和物理性质。 ③存在于由共价键形成的多数
2023年高考数学一轮复习考点微专题(新高考地区专用) 考向08函数的奇偶性周期性与对称性(解析版)
考向08 函数的奇偶性、周期性与对称性【2022年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】（多选题）已知函数()f x 及其导函数()'f x 的定义域均为R ，记()()g x f x '=，若322f x ⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭，(2)g x +均为偶函数，则（ ） A ．(0)0f = B ．102g ⎛⎫-= ⎪⎝⎭C ．(1)(4)f f -=D ．(1)(2)g g -=【答案】BC 【解析】 【分析】转化题设条件为函数的对称性，结合原函数与导函数图象的关系，根据函数的性质逐项判断即可得解. 【详解】因为322f x ⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭，(2)g x +均为偶函数，所以332222f x f x ⎛⎫⎛⎫-=+ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭即3322f x f x ⎛⎫⎛⎫-=+ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭，(2)(2)g x g x +=-，所以()()3f x f x -=，(4)()g x g x -=，则(1)(4)f f -=，故C 正确；函数()f x ，()g x 的图象分别关于直线3,22x x ==对称，又()()g x f x '=，且函数()f x 可导， 所以()()30,32g g x g x ⎛⎫=-=- ⎪⎝⎭，所以()(4)()3g x g x g x -==--，所以()(2)(1)g x g x g x +=-+=， 所以13022g g ⎛⎫⎛⎫-== ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭，()()()112g g g -==-，故B 正确，D 错误；若函数()f x 满足题设条件，则函数()f x C +（C 为常数）也满足题设条件，所以无法确定()f x 的函数值，故A 错误. 故选：BC. 【点睛】关键点点睛：解决本题的关键是转化题干条件为抽象函数的性质，准确把握原函数与导函数图象间的关系，准确把握函数的性质（必要时结合图象）即可得解.【2022年新高考全国II 卷】已知函数()f x 的定义域为R ，且()()()(),(1)1f x y f x y f x f y f ++-==，则221()k f k ==∑（ ）A ．3-B ．2-C ．0D ．1【答案】A 【解析】 【分析】根据题意赋值即可知函数()f x 的一个周期为6，求出函数一个周期中的()()()1,2,,6f f f 的值，即可解出．【详解】因为()()()()f x y f x y f x f y ++-=，令1,0x y ==可得，()()()2110f f f =，所以()02f =，令0x =可得，()()()2f y f y f y +-=，即()()f y f y =-，所以函数()f x 为偶函数，令1y =得，()()()()()111f x f x f x f f x ++-==，即有()()()21f x f x f x ++=+，从而可知()()21f x f x +=--，()()14f x f x -=--，故()()24f x f x +=-，即()()6f x f x =+，所以函数()f x 的一个周期为6．因为()()()210121f f f =-=-=-，()()()321112f f f =-=--=-，()()()4221f f f =-==-，()()()5111f f f =-==，()()602f f ==，所以一个周期内的()()()1260f f f +++=．由于22除以6余4，所以()()()()()221123411213k f k f f f f ==+++=---=-∑．故选：A ．1.奇偶性技巧(1)函数具有奇偶性的必要条件是其定义域关于原点对称. (2)奇偶函数的图象特征.函数()f x 是偶函数⇔函数()f x 的图象关于y 轴对称； 函数()f x 是奇函数⇔函数()f x 的图象关于原点中心对称. (3)若奇函数()y f x =在0x =处有意义，则有(0)0f =； 偶函数()y f x =必满足()(||)f x f x =.(4)偶函数在其定义域内关于原点对称的两个区间上单调性相反；奇函数在其定义域内关于原点对称的两个区间上单调性相同.(5)若函数()f x 的定义域关于原点对称，则函数()f x 能表示成一个偶函数与一个奇函数的和的形式.记1()[()()]2g x f x f x =+-，1()[()()]2h x f x f x =--，则()()()f x g x h x =+.(6)运算函数的奇偶性规律：运算函数是指两个（或多个）函数式通过加、减、乘、除四则运算所得的函数，如()(),()(),()(),()()f x g x f x g x f x g x f x g x +-⨯÷.对于运算函数有如下结论：奇±奇=奇；偶±偶=偶；奇±偶=非奇非偶； 奇()⨯÷奇=偶；奇()⨯÷偶=奇；偶()⨯÷偶=偶.(7)复合函数[()]y f g x =的奇偶性原来：内偶则偶，两奇为奇. (8)常见奇偶性函数模型奇函数：①函数1()()01x x a f x m x a +=≠-()或函数1()()1x x a f x m a -=+．②函数()()x x f x a a -=±-． ③函数2()log log (1)aa x m m f x x m x m +==+--或函数2()log log (1)a a x m m f x x m x m-==-++④函数()log )a f x x =或函数()log )a f x x =． 注意：关于①式，可以写成函数2()(0)1x m f x m x a =+≠-或函数2()()1x mf x m m R a =-∈+．偶函数：①函数()()x x f x a a -=±+． ②函数()log (1)2mx a mxf x a =+-． ③函数(||)f x 类型的一切函数． ④常数函数 2.周期性技巧()()()()211();()2()()()()2()()4()()2()()()()()2()()()2()()()(x R f x T f x T f x T f x T f x T f x T T f x f x f x T f x T T f x T f x T T f a x f a x b a f b x f b x f a x f a x af x f a x f a x b a f b x f b x f a ∈+=+=-+=+=-+=-+=--+=-⎧-⎨+=-⎩+=-⎧⎨⎩+=--⎧-⎨+=--⎩函数式满足关系（）周期为偶函数)()2()()()4()()()()()4()()()4()x f a x a f x f a x f a x b a f b x f b x f a x f a x a f x f a x f a x af x +=--⎧⎨⎩+=-⎧-⎨+=--⎩+=-⎧⎨⎩+=--⎧⎨⎩为奇函数为奇函数为偶函数3.函数的的对称性与周期性的关系（1）若函数()y f x =有两条对称轴x a =，()x b a b =<，则函数()f x 是周期函数，且2()T b a =-； （2）若函数()y f x =的图象有两个对称中心(,),(,)()a c b c a b <，则函数()y f x =是周期函数，且2()T b a =-；（3）若函数()y f x =有一条对称轴x a =和一个对称中心(,0)()b a b <，则函数()y f x =是周期函数，且4()T b a =-.4.对称性技巧（1）若函数()y f x =关于直线x a =对称，则()()f a x f a x +=-． （2）若函数()y f x =关于点()a b ，对称，则()()2f a x f a x b ++-=．（3）函数()y f a x =+与()y f a x =-关于y 轴对称，函数()y f a x =+与()y f a x =--关于原点对称．1.(1)如果一个奇函数()f x 在原点处有定义，即(0)f 有意义，那么一定有(0)0f =. (2)如果函数()f x 是偶函数，那么()(||)f x f x =.2.奇函数在两个对称的区间上具有相同的单调性；偶函数在两个对称的区间上具有相反的单调性3.函数周期性常用结论对()f x 定义域内任一自变量的值x : (1)若()()f x a f x +=-，则2(0)T a a =>. (2)若1()()f x a f x +=，则2(0)T a a =>. (3)若1()()f x a f x +=-，则2(0)T a a =>. 4.对称性的三个常用结论(1)若函数()y f x a =+是偶函数，则函数()y f x =的图象关于直线x a =对称.(2)若对于R 上的任意x 都有(2)()f a x f x -=或()(2)f x f a x -=+，则()y f x =的图象关于直线x a =对称.(3)若函数()y f x b =+是奇函数，则函数()y f x =的图象关于点(,0)b 中心对称. 5.两个奇偶函数四则运算的性质 （1）两个奇函数的和仍为奇函数； （2）两个偶函数的和仍为偶函数； （3）两个奇函数的积是偶函数； （4）两个偶函数的积是偶函数；（5）一个奇函数与一个偶函数的积是奇函数。
专题08 同词异境词语意义用法辨析考点(课件)新高考语文一轮复习
阅读下面的文字，完成下面各题。 节日期间，无论是家人团圆，还是老友欢聚，“吃”往往是必不可少的。因此，节后 很多人会增添新的烦恼，那就是“节日肥”“过年肥”，减肥也就提到日程上来。事实上 ，生活中你会发现，有许多整天嚷嚷着要减肥或者正在减肥的人，其实根本不胖，反而是 一些真正应该减肥的人对此却毫不在意，那么，怎么判断是否需要减肥呢？从医学角度来 说，身材是否肥胖，主要看体质指数。体质指数是用体重千克数除以身高米数之平方而得 出的数字，国人的健康体质指数为18.5~23.9，如果低于18.5，就是偏瘦，不需要减肥，而 高于23.9，就可以考虑减肥了。 5.(2022新高考Ⅰ卷21题)下列句子中的“你”和文中画横线处的“你”，用法相同的
C 一项是（3分）（ ） A．你要觉得这段话对深化文章的主题没什么帮助，就删了吧。 B．听了老师的话，三个人你看看我，我看看你，都不吭声了。 C．他是个非常用功的同学，尤其是钻研精神叫你不得不佩服。 D．请你选三名学生参加今年五月的“青春和梦想”演讲比赛。
【考点突破】
一．考点：同词异境词语意义用法辨析
C 用法相同的一项是（3分）（ ） A. 身处困境他却并不消沉，相信自己能拼出一个光明的未来。 B. 我满心欢喜地迎接他回来，相信现在的他一定和从前不同。 C. 看到气势磅礴的壶口瀑布，相信每一位游客都会激动不已。 D. 翠翠还是不离开码头，相信祖父会来找她，同她一起回家。
阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。 （I）网络时代，我们没有办法也没有必要记住所有的信息，毕竟互联网随时可以帮我们查阅。不 过我们也不能过于依赖互联网，像互联网可以解决所有问题似的。通过一些训练提升记忆力，也一直是 我们孜孜以求的目标。 （II）祥子愿意早早的拉车跑一趟，凉风飕进他的袖口，使他全身像洗冷水澡似的一哆嗦，一痛 快。有时候起了狂风，把他打得出不来气，可是他低着头，咬着牙，向前钻，像一条浮着逆水的大鱼； 风越大，他的抵抗也越大，似乎是和狂风决一死战。 （2023年新课标I卷22T）语言文字运用I和II中画波浪线部分，都有“像……似的”，说说二者表 意上的不同。（3分） （1）不过我们也不能过于依赖互联网，像互联网可以解决所有问题似的。 （2）使他全身像洗冷水澡似的一哆嗦，一痛快。 【答案】①“像互联网可以解决所有问题似的”属于扩大夸张，其意思是互联网并不能够决所有 的问题，“像……似的”表示看似是，但其实不是，总体上表示否定。②“像洗冷水澡似的”是打比方 （比喻），表示“凉风飚进他的袖口”的感觉就如同“洗冷水澡”一样，“像……似的”表示“与…… 相似”。(3分)
一中08年备考(人教版高三必修)
一中08年备考(人教版高三必修)二00八年成功需要好方法，更需要完整周密的计划——浅谈2007年语文备考的成功之处及2008年语文备考有待完善之处2007年高考已经落下帷幕，但它却带给我们许多复习备考的反思。
在07年的复习备考中，我们想了很多办法，探索了很多方法，制订了较为详细的备考计划，虽然高考的最终结果并不很令人满意，但根据我们平时的观察及学生的反响来看，我们在备考方法中有两点得到了学生的认同，并使他们获益非浅。
第一点是针对学生自制力低和目的性不强等特点，有计划分层次地规定早自习和晚读的内容。
五十分钟的早自习我们把它分成四块：前十分钟温习前一日积累的字词，用二十分钟左右的时间温习要求背诵但未能背诵的诗歌或文言文一篇（重在默写），再用十分钟的时间检查学习效果（听写、背诵或演板等），后十分钟温习当前阶段的复习重点。
其中要求学生必须做到：识记积累三个生僻字的字音，三个生僻字的字形，三个生僻的词语（实词、虚词、熟语各一个）；默写出文言文中重要的段落或诗歌中经典的诗句。
半个小时的晚读我们将它分成两块：前十五分钟读社会要闻和一些名言警句（已印成页子），积累作文素材；后十五分钟读一些优秀例文或精彩片段，让学生有所感悟。
用这种方法安排这两块时间，可以让学生有计划有目的地利用好早自习和晚读，形成一套较严密较完整的学习计划，从而提高学习效率。
事实证明，这种做法很有成效：以前很多学生不知早自习该读什么做什么或不知道该从哪儿读起做起，而今钟声一响，都知道自觉地按老师的要求去做，充实地把握好了每一个早自习，从而有效地积累了一些基础知识；以前很多学生写作文没话说，连最基本的800字就算绞尽脑汁也无法完成，而今提起笔来且不说是否有文采，但洋洋洒洒千把个字还是不在话下的。
第二点较有成效的措施是准备一个“错题本”，建立“错题集”。
这个方法有很多学校都用过，我们也不例外。
取名为“错题本”，其实这个本子的用途有很多。
我们要求学生每人准备一个厚本子，收录平时遇到的难题，考试做错了的题目，老师讲解的重要题型，或摘录一些精彩的词句，或写出自己遇到的困惑等等。
新高中地理高考考点08 热力环流、大气水平运动 -2022年高考地理一轮复习小题多维练(新高考版)
考点08 热力环流、大气水平运动【基础点1】热力环流特朗勃墙是一种依靠墙体独特的构造设计，无机械动力、无传统能源消耗、仅仅依靠被动式收集太阳能为建筑供暖的集热墙体。
其冬季白天工作原理如下图，回答1～2题。
1．冬季白天特朗勃墙向室内供暖的原理是()A．地面的直接热源是太阳辐射B．空气隔层的温室效应C．室内空气的直接热源是地面辐射D．不同物体的比热容差异2．下列说法正确的是()A．集热墙可能为白色B．乙气流为下降气流C．甲气流为冷气流，流出空气隔层D．丙气流为暖气流，流进空气隔层【答案】1．B2．B【解析】1．冬季白天特朗勃墙向室内供暖是利用空气隔层的温室效应原理，室内地面的直接热源不是太阳辐射，而是集热墙的热辐射；室内空气的直接热源也是集热墙的热辐射。
所以选B。
2．白色吸热效果最差，黑色吸热效果好，所以集热墙可能为黑色；乙气流为下降气流；甲气流为冷气流，流入空气隔层；丙气流为暖气流，流出空气隔层。
所以选B。
我国南方某地新建一小型水库，某日两时刻测得水库及其东西两侧气温分布如图所示。
据此回答3～5题。
3．读图可知()A．水库中心区的气温日变化最大B．水库中心区的气温日变化最小C．一天中水库中心区的气温始终高于东西两侧地区的气温D．一天中水库中心区的气温始终低于东西两侧地区的气温4．水库与周围地区存在着气温差异，导致水库与周围地区之间形成了热力环流。
则()A．热力环流的方向整日不变B．水库中心区始终存在上升气流C．白天风由水库吹向四周D．晚上风由水库吹向四周5．下列图中与15：00水库东西两侧高空等压面的剖面线相符的是()【答案】3．B4．C5．C【解析】3．根据气温分布曲线可知，3：00 东西两侧气温较低，水库中心区的气温较高；15：00水库中心区的气温较低，东西两侧气温较高，所以水库中心区的气温日变化最小。
4．白天，水库比热容大，升温慢，气温较周边地区低，形成下沉气流；周边地区升温快，气温高，盛行上升气流，近地面气流由水库流向四周。
专题突破卷08完形填空之记叙文(原卷版)-2025年高考英语一轮复习考点通关卷(新高考通用)
专题突破卷08 完形填空之记叙文最新高考真题1.（2024年新高考I卷高考真题）I’ve been motivated — and demotivated — by other folks’ achievements all my life.When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend 1 a marathon race. Feeling motivated, I started running 2 , but then two things happened. First, a girl I met one day told me she was 3 for a “super,” referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon. Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles. To be honest, I 4 it! Between the girl making my 5 seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only 6 I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!So I 7 cycling. I got a good bike and rode a lot. I 8 of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister. While she was at work one day, I 9 her bike and went for a ride. The 10 : the roads there went through large valleys where I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time. I’d never faced such 11 . That day, I got 12 by about 100 “local” bikers who were used to such roads. When I got back home, suddenly riding my bike didn’t seem quite as 13 .I’ve 14 a lot since then. I’ve come to accept that whatever 15 I set for myself, they just have to be my own.1．A．knew B．held C．won D．quit2．A．regularly B．silently C．proudly D．recently3．A．asking B．looking C．waiting D．training4．A．made B．believed C．hated D．deserved5．A．advantage B．achievement C．contribution D．influence6．A．way B．risk C．place D．reason7．A．gave up B．went on C．turned to D．dealt with8．A．heard B．dreamed C．complained D．approved9．A．painted B．borrowed C．bought D．parked10．A．problem B．secret C．principle D．advice11．A．dangers B．events C．opponents D．challenges12．A．passed B．convinced C．admired D．stopped13．A．reliable B．convenient C．familiar D．appealing14．A．traveled B．matured C．missed D．worried15．A．limits B．dates C．goals D．tests2.（2024年新高考II卷高考真题）When I decided to buy a house in Europe ten years ago, I didn't think too long. I liked traveling in France, but when it came to picking my favorite spot to 16 , Italy was the clear winner.During my first visit to Italy, I 17 to ask for directions or order in a restaurant. But every time I tried to 18 a sentence of Italian together, the locals smiled at me and 19 my language skills. That encouragement helped me to get through the language 20 . After I made Italy my permanent home, I discovered how 21 Italians are. Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to 22 me to close the window in my car when rain is coming. It's these small 23 of kindness that make a new country feel like home.As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach, and nowhere fuels my 24 quite like Italy. Each town has its own traditional 25 , and every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another. Families 26 for big meals on Sundays, birthdays, and whatever other excuses they can 27 . These meals are always 28 by laughter and joy. Whatever 29 life in Italy might have, the problems are 30 once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family.16．A．study B．rent C．visit D．settle17．A．planned B．struggled C．refused D．happened18．A．string B．hang C．mix D．match19．A．improved B．assessed C．admired D．praised20．A．course B．barrier C．area D．test21．A．open-minded B．strong-willed C．warm-hearted D．well-informed22．A．remind B．allow C．persuade D．order23．A．tricks B．promises C．acts D．duties24．A．ambition B．success C．appetite D．growth25．A．costume B．dish C．symbol D．tale26．A．gather B．cheer C．leave D．wait27．A．put up with B．stand up for C．come up with D．make up for28．A．signaled B．confirmed C．represented D．accompanied 29．A．disadvantages B．meanings C．surprises D．opportunities30．A．created B．forgotten C．understood D．identified2024年高考模拟真题（2024·山东泰安·二模）It was January 2016, when dark clouds hid the day. Jeremy and his girlfriend, Molei Wright, were 31 for a weekend of fun with friends on the slopes in Breckenridge, Colorado. They were two 32 Colorado natives: ambitious and 33 , both lovers of books, music, the outdoors. They’d been together for less than a year, but it had taken only a few dates to realise that they could be well 34 . As the car began the winding climb toward the destination, the snow came earlier than they’d 35 , but Jeremy wasn’t worried. He’d driven this route a thousand times, and he knew exactly what to do. However, a truck 36 them. One minute, Jeremy’s car was 37 smoothly through the falling snow; the next, he found himself pinned to his seat by the wheel and he 38 with pain. To his right he saw Molei, who was injured seriously, without motion and reaction. Jeremy fell into 39 .Henry, an officer on holiday trained in emergency medicine, was driving on the same road not far behind Jeremy and 40 instantly when he saw the wreck. While his wife calmed the trapped and 41 Jeremy, Henry worked 42 . Protecting Molei’s head and neck, he carefully pulled her out of the wreckage (残骸) and 43 her chest to bring her heart back to life. Meanwhile, Henry’s wife called the emergency center, and soon an ambulance arrived and rushed Molei to a hospital, where she was treated44 . If it hadn’t been Henry’s professional first aid, Molie couldn’t have made it to hospital alive. It was reallya 45 .31．A．hiking B．driving C．flying D．camping32．A．like-minded B．absent-minded C．healthy-minded D．open-minded 33．A．remarkable B．cautious C．experienced D．active34．A．organised B．mannered C．trained D．matched 35．A．acknowledged B．investigated C．expected D．imagined36．A．hit B．passed C．blocked D．approached37．A．controlled B．stopped C．rolling D．accelerating38．A．jumped B．turned C．screamed D．whistled39．A．thought B．despair C．silence D．sleep40．A．drove away B．turned over C．hid away D．pulled over 41．A．determined B．frightened C．grateful D．peaceful42．A．impatiently B．swiftly C．joyfully D．effortlessly43．A．checked B．clicked C．covered D．pounded44．A．in time B．in turn C．in vain D．in place45．A．tale B．record C．miracle D．comedy（2024·新疆乌鲁木齐·三模）Financial trouble had distanced us from the life that was. We decided to 46 our home. But first, we’d have to deal with two hugely 47 hollies (冬青树) that have overtaken the front of the house.We called landscapers (园艺师). The news wasn’t 48 . 20-plus years of neglect left us with only two 49 : Let them be or tear them out. The idea of cutting off all that life just for a better view 50 us. We have never owned any green thing that grew well, except for those crazy hollies. But we still scheduled the 51 .Over the two weeks before cutting, though, the trees 52 me. So I emailed one last landscaper. I pinned my hopes on that. Daria came to our front lawn and said, “These can’t be trimmed (修剪).” “The trunks are too 53 ,” she added. “I can cut them down to about 2 feet of trunk and see if they’ll grow.”See if they’ll grow? Months? Years? I said nothing, but Daria could read our 54 . “If nothing happens,” she said, “we’ll get you some new ones.” We gave her the green light.But weeks later, I 55 the front bed. Three or four bunches of tiny leaves 56 from one trunk. It was the 57 of small, good things arriving.Each day, they made us smile, 58 us to have patience and gave us hope that all of us have the 59 to heal. For that, we thank those quiet, strong hollies, now 60 to the spring, as we look forward to starting fresh.46．A．build B．sell C．make D．repair47．A．priceless B．leafless C．overgrown D．overvalued48．A．important B．convincing C．fresh D．good49．A．conditions B．designs C．choices D．reasons50．A．frightened B．brightened C．sickened D．softened51．A．removal B．protection C．planting D．rescue52．A．surprised B．troubled C．changed D．comforted53．A．rough B．straight C．smooth D．mature54．A．experience B．doubt C．emotion D．opinion55．A．took over B．gave up C．kept off D．glanced at56．A．separated B．died C．appeared D．came57．A．shock B．joy C．success D．reality58．A．reminded B．allowed C．required D．expected59．A．time B．desire C．freedom D．potential60．A．awakening B．turning C．holding D．contributing（2024·河南·模拟预测）My dad worked in construction. His day started early and ended late. When he got home, all he 61 to do was lie on the couch and relax.One hot summer, when my parents’ wedding anniversary (周年纪念日) was 62 , they made plans to eat out. When the big day 63 arrived, Dad got home at seven. He was obviously tired. “Honey, I just need a thirty-minute sleep and then we’ll eat out for 64 ,” he said as he lay on the couch.I knew how important that evening was to Mom, but before long Dad was 65 . Then Mom did the strangest thing. She 66 the refrigerator and took out eggs and bacon. Soon she had some biscuits baking in the oven.Mom 67 a plate with a lot of his favorite foods. Then she bent over and kissed him while whispering in his ear, “Time to 68 , honey.”As Dad looked up, he found Mom standing in front of him with his dinner. I’ll never 69 the love that passed between them. “Honey, I promised you I’d take you out to dinner and I 70 it,” he said sincerely.She kissed him on the cheek, “I know you would, but I’m also 71 that you’ve had a hard day and you’re tired. What’s important is that we’re together.”That 72 on love is still with me today five decades later. Whenever I imagine how 73 they’re to be together in heaven, a sweet peace and comfort falls over me, the same way I felt when I74 their great love for each other on that night when Mom made Dad a 75 anniversary dinner. 61．A．happened B．wanted C．agreed D．remembered 62．A．appearing B．passing C．changing D．approaching 63．A．eventually B．secretly C．surprisingly D．naturally64．A．comfort B．convenience C．celebration D．exploration65．A．bored B．asleep C．embarrassed D．impatient66．A．reached into B．packed up C．searched for D．switched off 67．A．exchanged B．refilled C．decorated D．piled68．A．depart B．awake C．exercise D．withdraw69．A．copy B．record C．forget D．understand70．A．meant B．made C．admitted D．regretted71．A．afraid B．ashamed C．disappointed D．aware72．A．advice B．lesson C．comment D．experiment73．A．proud B．relaxed C．happy D．amazed74．A．shared B．deserved C．gained D．witnessed75．A．random B．typical C．special D．familiar（2024·河南驻马店·二模）My daughter Rachel had severe ADHD (多动症) as a child. The most 76 moments often came when we were out 77 . All parents have been there trying to remain calm while their child is having an tantrum (耍性子) and shoppers are 78 their heads.Rachel is now twenty-four and has grown into an amazing young woman. 79 , those old terrible memories feel not-so-distant when I 80 a child’s similar behavior. The screams caused flashbacks that I would rather 81 .Last week, Rachel and I were shopping in the supermarket when we heard a child’s 82 that lasted more than fifteen minutes. My daughter asked, “Mom! Is that what I used to sound like?” “Yes, you sounded just like that,” I 83 .As we approached, I could see people whispering to each other and shaking their heads. Then I saw the embarrassment and 84 in the young mother’s face. I then did something I’d never done before. I walked over to the mom and put my arms around her shoulders. “I know exactly what you are 85 right now, and I know how you feel. It does get better. Believe me.” I said. I then introduced Rachel to the mother. I 86 that my daughter had been just like her son when she was little.She hugged me back, so tightly that I knew she was 87 to me. Her son stopped screaming for a minute and looked at us with a(n) 88 expression. At that moment, I could see 89 wash over her.Sometimes, a stranger’s kind words during a 90 moment can mean the world to someone. 76．A．critical B．embarrassing C．precious D．entertaining77．A．in danger B．in shock C．in trouble D．in public78．A．using B．raising C．shaking D．burying79．A．Therefore B．Moreover C．Instead D．However 80．A．encountered B．corrected C．judged D．applauded81．A．record B．share C．forget D．refresh82．A．scream B．story C．appeal D．laughter83．A．regretted B．replied C．promised D．suggested84．A．fear B．desire C．pride D．mercy85．A．working on B．preparing for C．going through D．dreaming of86．A．joked B．assumed C．declared D．explained87．A．grateful B．polite C．generous D．familiar88．A．annoyed B．scared C．surprised D．excited89．A．shame B．disappointment C．satisfaction D．relief90．A．magical B．stressful C．peaceful D．decisive（2024·辽宁辽阳·模拟预测）Each year, I write a Christmas list for my family. It’s not that I don’t enjoy the 91 of a perfectly chosen gift that I would never have thought to 92 . It’s just that, more often than not, someone else’s 93 of the perfectly chosen gift is not mine. I’d rather they just stuck to the 94 . However, there is one area where I 95 hand over control—the Christmas stocking.My mum makes a stocking for me every year. There are 96 to the stocking. It will always 97 chocolate coins and a pair of gloves. There will be some sort of seasonal 98 , like colourful lights. And then there will be 99 supplies. We’ll buy each other little bits of skin care, such as soaps. There will be kitchen tools to replace the old ones. We use stockings as a chance to 100 each other’s daily lives, to replace the small things that you 101 because there’s always something more important to spend the money on.These oversized socks packed with small gifts might not be 102 in fancy ribbon (丝带) and placed under the tree, but to me they bring as much 103 as the most expensive present. They 104 that the person who filled that stocking understands your life, sees the details of it, and wants to make it easier.Buying a woman a beautiful piece of jewellery that absolutely meets her taste isn’t easy, but finding ten small items that will 105 her daily life is an act that requires truly seeing her.91．A．reputation B．news C．surprise D．entertainment92．A．ask for B．set aside C．know about D．sell out93．A．preference B．message C．answer D．idea94．A．list B．plan C．habit D．principle95．A．secretly B．willingly C．suddenly D．deeply96．A．traditions B．approaches C．solutions D．attitudes97．A．keep B．contain C．collect D．accept98．A．changes B．greetings C．decorations D．flowers99．A．constant B．sufficient C．limited D．daily100．A．enjoy B．refresh C．save D．restore101．A．hold on to B．put up with C．make do with D．look forward to 102．A．trapped B．wrapped C．painted D．covered103．A．shock B．fear C．relief D．joy104．A．recognize B．admit C．agree D．show105．A．enhance B．rebuild C．stimulate D．ruin（2024·广东广州·三模）“If after the first 50 pages of a book you don’t get engaged, you’re allowed to stop reading and try again later when you feel ready for it,” my father told me.My father holds this 106 responsible for his lifelong love of literature. As a busy labourer, he has regarded reading books as an almost sacred 107 . He feels a strong, perhaps, irresistible 108 to read frequently and a lot.I don’t think my father 109 to hand the advice down to me. He’s not the sort to give advice and I’m not the sort to 110 it. But I find it’s the advice that’s delivered 111 that.is most likely to be listened to.I like this advice “reading first 50 pages”, for the generosity and respect it extends to a book’s 112 and their craft. A reader, it suggests, needs a little 113 to adapt to a book’s particular tone and voice. Meanwhile, this advice gives a person permission to 114 reading. Nobody, it implies, need force themselves to struggle through a book they’re not 115 .I particularly like the 116 advice to return to a book “when you feel ready for it.” It’s a 117 that reading is naturally relational and that the readers need time.Even when I’m more than ready to stop reading by page 50, 118 the exercise feels worth doing. Just like stopping swimming halfway makes the muscles in my legs ache 119 it uses them in a different way from cycling. But in both cases, it’s a satisfying kind of hurt because it’s a 120 of getting stronger. 106．A．warning B．request C．guarantee D．advice107．A．debate B．escape C．beg D．protest108．A．trend B．view C．urge D．influence109．A．dared B．forgot C．hesitated D．intended110．A．invite B．write C．drop D．support111．A．safely B．quickly C．indirectly D．personally112．A．reader B．author C．editor D．publisher113．A．patience B．luck C．help D．grace114．A．finish B．teach C．love D．stop115．A．referring to B．talking about C．connecting with D．commenting on116．A．strong B．gentle C．honest D．timely117．A．recognition B．duty C．pity D．wonder118．A．thus B．just C．then D．still119．A．unless B．because C．once D．before120．A．sign B．rule C．question D．goal（2024·安徽马鞍山·三模）Delivery driver Alan Moncayo had his 5-year-old daughter Sabrina along with him when he took lunch to an animal shelter in Lorton, Va., on a recent Saturday.As Moncayo approached the shelter, he 121 a sweet-looking dog staring at him through the window. The sight of the dog 122 him of his previous one, Rusty. “They’re 123 ,” said Moncayo. “Rusty was exactly the same build.” Although his daughter had been 124 him to get a dog, Moncayo said, “being a delivery driver, it’s not in my 125 to pay for a dog.” But this dog really drew him in.Shelter staff introduced Moncayo and Sabrina to Jihoo, a 6-year-old 65-pound pit bull mix (比特犬混种). “Since big dogs were 126 more difficult to adopt out,” said Rebecca Cavedon, the manager, “Jihoo remained at the 127 for longer than usual. He’s just an amazingly gentle, sweet, kind boy.” It only took a few minutes for Moncayo and his 128 to feel the same way about Jihoo. Moncayo decided that the dog was 129 to be theirs. “It was like an 130 space in my heart that just needed to be made full,” Moncayo said. “Now it’s 131 so much love for our beautiful new dog.”After 132 paperwork and completing consultation with shelter staff, Moncayo 133 the dog that day.So far, Jihoo has been adjusting well to his new home and family. “He brought joy and 134 into our lives,” said Moncayo. “We feel like a(n) 135 family now,” he added.121．A．cured B．spotted C．bathed D．bought122．A．warned B．informed C．reminded D．convinced123．A．messy B．striking C．threatening D．identical124．A．begging B．ordering C．helping D．instructing125．A．memory B．budget C．duty D．pocket126．A．randomly B．immediately C．luckily D．generally127．A．firm B．station C．shelter D．habitat128．A．daughter B．manager C．staff D．driver129．A．rescued B．delivered C．introduced D．meant130．A．optional B．empty C．abnormal D．artificial131．A．dug out B．filled with C．checked out D．covered with132．A．going through B．turning down C．sorting out D．giving away133．A．stole B．protected C．adopted D．ignored134．A．laughter B．liberation C．moral D．wisdom135．A．immediate B．complex C．complete D．temporary（2024·河北张家口·三模）When Sharaine and Wilson moved their family to Rhode Island, they already had a houseful. Five kids, a busy schedule, a long list of house projects and a whole new neighborhood 136 little time for anything else. And then Paul 137 .At 82 years old, Paul had just lost his wife, but he is still handy and 138 . He walked across the street carrying a ladder to meet the new neighbors and 139 a little help with fix-up projects.Sharaine remembers, “Our biggest 140 of moving into a new neighborhood was what if the new neighbors don’t like us. We have a lot of 141 ; they make a lot of noise.” But those fears were quickly put to142 . Paul knows a lot about tools and 143 an old house that Sharaine and Wilson moved in, and he soon became a(n) 144 visitor of the family.Thanks to Paul’s kind help, Sharaine and Wilson had no 145 in making a new friend. And neither did the kids, Paul made sure the kids crossed the street 146 after school, helped with homework and even 147 the little ones to brush their teeth.“The kids run up to him like that’s their own 148 ,” Sharaine says. And that keeps Paul 149 . There are neighborhood cookouts, birthdays, home projects and so on. He is also busy 150 a grandpa. 136．A．needed B．earned C．took D．meant137．A．showed up B．checked out C．settled down D．broke in138．A．careful B．grateful C．helpful D．hopeful139．A．demand B．offer C．send D．promise140．A．fear B．gain C．pride D．mistake141．A．friends B．neighbors C．relatives D．kids142．A．use B．rest C．work D．test143．A．discovering B．exploring C．maintaining D．evaluating144．A．strange B．unexpected C．lonely D．regular145．A．business B．interest C．problem D．point146．A．quickly B．safely C．calmly D．quietly147．A．reminded B．forced C．allowed D．witnessed148．A．grandpa B．teacher C．staff D．property149．A．crazy B．busy C．annoyed D．surprised150．A．assisting B．meeting C．being D．becoming（2024·黑龙江·二模）Pets are always part of a family. Pets and kids who grow up together have very close 151 . This is especially true in the case of 9-year-old Milly Kukuczka, whose beloved dog Bella 152 shortly before Christmas in 2022. The girl was 153 but she turned her sadness into a labor of love for 154 animals.This year, when Milly’s parents asked her what she wanted for Christmas, she went to her room to prepare her 155 . To her parents’ surprise, 156 toys for herself, Milly gave her parents a flier (小广告传单) she made for a pet drive to collect toys and treats for pets without forever 157 . All she wanted was to hold a pet drive, so all pets could have a toy for Christmas.The Kukuczka family 158 Bella before Milly was born. The dog was Milly’s 159 and her best friend. Milly’s mom said that they were always side by side, and she wanted to do everything with Bella. But Bella was diagnosed with cancer around a year before she died. It was difficult for the entire family, especially for Milly. Now, this young girl wants to keep her love for Bella 160 by helping other pets.Milly’s parents were all onboard to help their daughter organize the pet drive. They 161 out to the Dumb Friends League in Denver where the family chose their cats and 162 the pet drive on social media. The response was very 163 . There are 50 toys there already and they have boxes of treats and cat scratchers (抓扒工具).Milly is 164 the pet Father Christmas and she will deliver the 165 to shelter animals at the Dumb Friends League just in time for Christmas.151．A．end B．observation C．bonds D．mood 152．A．came back B．broke down C．fled off D．passed away 153．A．disappointed B．heartbroken C．confused D．beloved 154．A．suburb B．neighborhood C．shelter D．downtown 155．A．list B．interview C．attempt D．course 156．A．in spite of B．apart from C．but for D．instead of 157．A．friends B．homes C．peace D．fund 158．A．lost B．adopted C．sold D．buried 159．A．protector B．tutor C．toy D．baby-sitter 160．A．changeable B．respectful C．alive D．occupied 161．A．reached B．turned C．picked D．made 162．A．applied B．demanded C．debated D．shared 163．A．infectious B．brief C．generous D．natural 164．A．serving as B．searching for C．appealing to D．dreaming of 165．A．goods B．donations C．supplies D．purchases。
高考第一轮复习教案08-机械振动机械波
资料范本本资料为word版本，可以直接编辑和打印，感谢您的下载高考第一轮复习教案08-机械振动机械波地点：__________________时间：__________________说明：本资料适用于约定双方经过谈判，协商而共同承认，共同遵守的责任与义务，仅供参考，文档可直接下载或修改，不需要的部分可直接删除，使用时请详细阅读内容翰林汇翰林汇翰林汇翰林汇课题：机械振动机械波类型：复习课第1课简谐振动、振动图像一、教学目标：（一）知识与技能１．了解什么是机械振动２．掌握简谐运动回复力的特征３．掌握在一次全振动过程中回复力、加速度、速度随偏离平衡位置的位移变化的规律（定性）４．理解振动图像的物理意义，能利用图像求振动物体的振幅、周期及任意时刻的位移；会将振动图像与振动物体在某时刻位移与位置对应，并学会在图象上分析与位移x有关的物理量。
（二）过程与方法通过观察演示实验，概括出机械振动的特征，培养学生的观察、概括能力；通过相关物理量变化规律的学习，培养分析、推理能力。
（三）情感态度价值观运用理想化方法，突出主要因素，忽略次要因素，抽象出物理模型——弹簧振子，研究弹簧振子在理想条件下的振动。
二、教具：激光笔，平面镜，PPT，展台气垫弹簧振子知识简析一、机械振动1、机械振动：物体（或物体的一部分）在某一中心位置两侧做的往复运动．振动的特点:①存在某一中心位置;②往复运动,这是判断物体运动是否是机械振动的条件.产生振动的条件:①振动物体受到回复力作用;②阻尼足够小;2、回复力：振动物体所受到的总是指向平衡位置的合外力．①回复力时刻指向平衡位置;②回复力是按效果命名的, 可由任意性质的力提供．可以是几个力的合力也可以是一个力的分力; ③合外力：指振动方向上的合外力，而不一定是物体受到的合外力．④在平衡位置处：回复力为零，而物体所受合外力不一定为零．如单摆运动，当小球在最低点处，回复力为零，而物体所受的合外力不为零．3、平衡位置：是振动物体受回复力等于零的位置；也是振动停止后，振动物体所在位置；平衡位置通常在振动轨迹的中点。
高考化学一轮复习目录
高考化学一轮复习目录第一章化学计量在实验中的应用第1 讲物质的量、气体摩尔体积第2 讲物质的量浓度第二章化学物质及其变化第1 讲物质的组成、性质及分类第2 讲离子反响离子方程式第3 讲氧化复原反响的根本概念第4 讲氧化复原反响的规律和应用第三章金属及其化合物第1 讲碱金属元素——钠第2 讲铁及其化合物第3 讲镁及其化合物第4 讲铝及其化合物第四章常见的非金属及其化合物第1 讲无机非金属材料的主角——硅第2 讲富集在海水中的元素——氯第3 讲硫及其化合物第4 讲氮的氧化物和硝酸第5 讲氨和铵盐第五章物质结构与元素周期律第1 讲元素周期表第2 讲元素周期律第3 讲化学键第六章化学反响中的能量变化电化学第1 讲化学反响中的能量变化实验探究：中和热的测定第2 讲原电池化学电源第3 讲电解池金属的电化学腐蚀与防护第七章化学反响速率和化学平衡第1 讲化学反响速率第2 讲化学反响的方向和限度第3 讲化学平衡移动第八章水溶液中的离子平衡第1 讲弱电解质的电离平衡第2 讲水的电离和溶液的酸碱性第3 讲盐类的水解第4 讲难溶电解质的溶解平衡第九章认识有机化合物第1 讲有机物的结构特点和分类第2 讲研究有机化合物的方法第十章烃第1 讲脂肪烃第2 讲芳香烃第十一章烃的衍生物第1 讲卤代烃第2 讲醇酚第3 讲醛羧酸酯第十二章根本营养物质、高分子化合物第1 讲根本营养物质第2 讲进入合成有机高分子化合物的时代第十三章化学实验根底第1 讲化学实验根底知识实验探究：“仪器改造〞与“一器多用〞第2 讲物质的检验、别离和提纯第3 讲实验方案的设计与评价第4 讲探究性化学实验。
高考一轮复习考点帮考点08-连词与语法填空原卷版
高考一轮复习考点帮考点08-连词与语法填空原卷版考点08 并列连词和状语从句（原卷版）【命题趋势】连词是高考必考点，每年都保持在一至两个题目，命题形式除了语法填空外还在完形填空中进行考查，其考点主要句子之间的并列，转折，因果逻辑等。
要求考生熟悉句型结构，准确判断句子之间的逻辑关系。
状语从句则用来表示时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果等方面的关系。
语法填空题型中，该部分是必考内容。
状语从句的考查主要集中在条件状语从句、让步状语从句、时间状语从句、原因状语从句和结果状语从句等中。
解决状语从句的关键是找出句子之间或从句与主句之间的逻辑关系。
【重要考向】一、并列连词；二、状语从句的连词；并列连词【典例】【2022新高考I卷】After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. TheGPNP is designed to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, __________ leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generati ons”.【并列连词提分秘籍】1.主要连词用法归纳：分类连词意义例句注意表并列and和，又，而I make the payments and keep the accou- nts.我管付款和记账。
表并列not only...but also...不但……而且……①Not only is that problem very important，but(also) it is very difficult to be solved.那个问题不仅十分重要，而且还难以解决。
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经济常识第一课1、商品是什么？商品经济是什么？商品的基本属性有哪些？二者的关系是什么？答：商品是指用于交换的劳动产品；商品经济是指商品生产和商品交换的总和。
商品的基本属性：使用价值、价值。
(商品是使用价值和价值的统一体，使用价值是商品的自然属性，价值是商品的社会属性，价值是商品(特有)的本质属性；)附：价值的实现条件：①凝结着人的劳动；②生产该产品的劳动得到社会承认，交换成功(即：潜在价值变成为现实价值)关系：使用价值是价值的物质承担者，价值能否实现依赖于其使用价值。
有价值的东西一定有使用价值；没有价值的东西不一定没有使用价值；有使用价值的东西不一定有价值；没有使用价值的东西肯定没有价值。
2、商品的价值量是什么？劳动生产率是什么？商品的价值量与劳动生产率的关系是什么？答：商品的价值量是指商品价值的大小。
它由社t决定，而不是由个t决定。
（社t不是平均的劳动时间，而是绝大多数企业所需要的时间。
）劳动生产率，分为社P和个P。
商品的价值量与社P成反比；与个P无关。
商品生产者要增加收入的主要途径是提高个P，缩短个t。
3、商品的价值总量是什么？与劳动生产率的关系又是什么？答：商品的价值总量=单位商品价值量×商品数量；社P越高，单位商品的价值量就越低，而商品数量则越多，所以，价值总量不变；反之也一样。
个P越高，商品的数量越多，但是单位商品的价值量不变（因为它是由社t决定的，与个t无关），所以，商品的价值总量增加，反之则减少。
4、(金属)货币的本质是什么？它的职能是什么？包括哪些？两种基本职能是什么？（金属）货币：它是特殊的商品，本质是一般等价物。
主要指黄金和白银。
货币的职能：价值尺度、流通手段、贮藏手段、支付手段、世界货币.基本职能：①价值尺度。
(以货币自己为尺度来衡量其他商品价值的大小的职能。
货币之所以具有价值尺度职能是因为它是商品，有价值，纸币没有价值，所以不具有此职能。
用货币来表现商品的价值就叫价格，价格是价值的货币表现，价值是价格的基础。
作为价值尺度的货币不需要现实的货币，观念的货币就可以了。
②流通手段。
最初的商品交换方式是直接的物物交换。
以货币为媒介的交换方式就叫商品流通。
货币充当商品交换媒介的职能，叫做流通手段。
作为流通手段的货币必须是现实的货币，不能是观念的货币。
1、价格是什么？由什么决定？答：价格是指用货币表现出来的商品的价值。
(没有货币就没有价格)价值决定价格（决定价格只能围绕价值波动，而不会背离价值太多）；价格反映价值。
2、什么是纸币？纸币流通公式是什么？答：纸币指由国家发行、强制使用的货币符号。
（只能代表货币行使流通手段职能；不能行使价值尺度职能。
）纸币发行规律：纸币的发行量必须以流通中实际需要的金属货币量为限度。
（过多则会导致通货膨胀；过少则会导致通货紧缩）公式：流通中实际需要的金属货币量=商品价格总额（价格×商品数量）÷货币流通次数。
(货币流通次数是指单位货币在一定时间内充当多少次交换媒介。
)3、价值规律的基本内容、表现形式是什么？答：基本内容：①商品的价值量是由生产商品的社会必要劳动时间决定；②商品交换要以价值量为基础；实行等价交换（价格＝价值，不是指每一次交换都相等，它只能存在于多次交换的平均数中）(价值规律是商品经济的基本规律。
)表现形式：价格围绕价值上下波动。
（供求关系影响价格，反过来，价格也会影响、调节供求。
因此，价格成为宏观调控的重要杠杆）疑难发问：有人认为：既然价值决定价格，那么价格应该与价值相一致。
可在现实生活中，价格却偏离了价值，这不是违背了价值规律吗？教师解答：现实生活中由于受供求关系影响使价格偏离价值，但并不违反价值规律。
因为价格无论如何波动，最终还是要围绕着价值波动，而不可能完全脱离价值。
且从长远看，价格还是与价值相等，商品交换必然要趋向于等价交换。
所以价值规律作为一种趋势始终贯穿在商品交换的过程中。
4、价值规律的作用是什么？答：①调节生产资料和劳动力在各部门的分配（指挥棒作用）（市场是资源配置的一种有效方式，其实质就是运用价值规律来配置资源。
所以说，价值规律是商品生产和商品交换的调节者，既“无形的手”，与之对应的是宏观调控，“有形的手”）②刺激商品生产者改进生产技术，改善经营管理，提高劳动生产率（鞭子作用）（因为出售商品是以价值量（社ｔ）为基础，而不是以（个ｔ），所以，生产者要获取利润就必须提高劳动生产率，使（个ｔ）低于（社ｔ））③促使商品生产者在竞争中优胜劣汰（筛子作用）（所以，市场经济条件下出现兼并、破产是正常的。
）总之，它有利于提高经济效益，优化资源配置。
疑难问答：1、“优质优价”与“物优价廉（质优价廉）”是否矛盾答：前者是从生产者角度提出的要求，后者是从消费者角度提出的要求，都是商品本身具有使用价值和价值基本属性的反映，也正是价值规律发生作用的结果。
优质商品“优价”，主要有以下因素：（1）优质商品耗费的社会必要劳动时间多。
（2）优质商品供不应求。
优质商品“价廉”主要有以下因素：（1）生产优质商品的社会劳动生产率提高。
（2）市场上优质商品供过于求。
（3）生产优质商品的个别劳动生产率提高。
2、通货膨胀与通货紧缩的关系：答：区别：①实质不同：通货膨胀实质是社会总需求大于社会总供给；通货紧缩是指物价总水平在较长时间内持续下降的经济现象，其实质是社会总需求小于社会总供给。
②表现不同：通货膨胀表现为纸币贬值、物价上涨、经济过热的现象；通货紧缩则表现为物价持续下降、市场疲软、经济萎缩的现象。
原因不同：通货膨胀主要是纸币的发行量大大超过流通中所需要的货币量引起的。
通货紧缩主要是宏观经济环境的变化，由卖方市场转变为买方市场引起的。
④危害性不同：通货膨胀的出现，直接引起纸币贬值，物价上涨；通货紧缩，物价下降在一定程度上对人民生活有好处，但物价总水平长时间、大范围下降，会影响企业生产和投资的积极性，导致市场销售不振，对经济的长远发展和人民的长远利益不利。
⑤解决办法不同：抑制通货膨胀主要是实行适度从紧的货币政策和量入为出的财政政策，控制货币供应量和信贷规模；抑制通货紧缩主要是采取积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策，加大投资力度，扩大内需，调整出口结构，努力扩大出口。
第二课1、为什么要坚持公有制主体地位？公有制主体地位是如何体现的？国有经济的主导作用是什么意思？答：生产资料公有制是社会主义的根本经济特征，是社会主义经济制度的基础。
必须坚持公有制的主体地位。
(否则，矛盾主次方面一旦发生变化，国家性质就要发生变化。
) 公有制主体地位主要体现在两个方面。
第一，就全国而言，公有资产在社会总资产中占优势。
既要有量的优势，又要注重质的提高。
第二，国有经济(公有制的最重要部分)要控制国民经济命脉，对国民经济发展起主导作用。
国有经济发挥主导作用主要体现在控制力上。
指：①对关系国民经济命脉的重要行业和重要领域，国有经济必须占支配地位；②国有经济要不断提高自己的整体质量和竞争力，引导和影响其他所有制经济的发展，在国内外竞争中不断壮大。
2、我国农村集体经济的经营体制是什么？答：是以家庭承包经营为基础的统分结合的双层经营体制。
3、我国社会主义初级阶段的基本经济制度是什么？答：我国的基本经济制度（既所有制制度）：以公有制为主体，多种所有制经济共同发展。
两个方面缺一不可。
(首先要毫不动摇地发展和巩固公有制经济，增强公有制经济的竞争力，确保公有制的主体地位；其次要毫不动摇地鼓励、支持、引导非公有制经济的发展，因为它是社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分，有利于活跃市场、增加就业、增加财政收入、调动各方面积极性、扩大内需。
)在我国公有制经济包括：国有经济、集体经济、混合所有制中的集体和国有成份；非公有制经济有：个体经济、私营经济、外资经济地位：是社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分。
公有制的实现形式应该要多样化。
一切反映社会化生产规律的经营方式和组织形式，都可以利用。
4、我国为什么要实行这样的经济制度（所有制制度）？答：（评价生产资料所有制结构的优劣，不能抽象地以公有化程度的高低为标准，而要看它是否适合现实的生产力状况。
）㈠从根本上说，是由生产关系一定要适应生产力发展的客观规律决定的。
㈡具体说来，是由我国的社会主义性质和初级阶段的国情决定的。
①我国是社会主义国家，必须坚持公有制作为社会主义经济制度的基础。
②我国处在社会主义初级阶段，生产力水平低、多层次，需要发展多种所有制经济。
③一切符合“三个有利于”的所有制形式都可以而且应该用来为社会主义服务。
5、我国的分配制度是什么？为什么要实行这种分配制度？答：以按劳分配为主体，多种分配方式并存，把按劳分配和按生产要素分配相结合。
其他分配方式有：按个体劳动者的劳动成果分配；按生产要素（资本、土地、劳动力、技术、信息）分配；福利性分配；实行这一制度①由我国现阶段生产力发展水平决定的（我国现阶段生产力总体水平低，发展不平衡和多层次的状况，是这一分配制度最终原因(生产力决定生产关系。
)）；②是由我国以公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展的所有制结构决定的（所有制决定分配制度）；③是发展市场经济的客观要求(按生产要素分配，才能激励人们更有效地使用生产要素，提高生产要素的利用效率。
)实践证明，把按劳分配与按生产要素分配结合起来激发了劳动者的热情，对加快经济发展和实现共同富裕起到了巨大促进作用。
6、什么叫市场经济？它有哪些一般特征？它有哪些弱点和缺陷？答：市场经济是指市场在资源配置中起基础性作用的经济。
（市场信号：价格、供求、竞争。
它是相对于计划经济而言的。
）一般特征：平等性、竞争性、法制性、开放性平等性：这是由价值规律的作用决定的。
是指交换当事人没有社会地位差别；必须遵循等价交换原则。
竞争性：市场条件下，价格由价值量决定，并在竞争中形成的（而不能人为制定）所以，竞争是商品交换得以进行的前提；竞争可以促使生产者不断改进技术，优胜劣汰；可以保证价格随供求关系的变化而灵活变化，并反过来调整供求关系，实现资源优化配置，所以，它是市场经济有效运行的必要条件。
生产者要遵守公平竞争，垄断等非公平竞争不利于资源优化配置。
法制性：健全的法制是协调和处理矛盾、体现公正、平等的依据和准则。
生产者和经营者必须学法、懂法、守法、用法，依法生产、经营，否则，经济秩序遭到破坏，任何经济活动都将难以进行。
开放性：社会分工和生产专业化的发展，要求市场具有开放性。
只有开放，才能实现生产要素在更广的范围内自由流动，得到充分利用，从而实现资源优化配置。
生产者也才能充分发挥各自的比较优势，广泛利用他人优秀成果，占领市场。
所以，它是市场经济的要求和内在属性。
四个特征不是孤立的，而是相互联系、相互制约的，其中任何一个方面受到损害，其他方面也难以实现，市场配置资源的功能也就不能充分发挥。