四级语法 主谓一致(11)
(完整版)专四语法复习:主谓一致
decided.
1.3 语法一致原则
注意:※关系代词what引导的从句作主语视 情况而定。※
① 我需要的是一个平静的生活。 ② 我需要的只是些安眠药。 What I need is a peaceful life. What I need are some sleeping pills.
proverb. • Gone with the Wind is an American epic
historical romance film.
知識 專業 創新 熱情 活力
单选题 1分
Not only I but also Jane and Mary ____ tired of having one examination after another.
A is B are C am D be
提交 知識 專業 創新 熱情 活力
其他
• 1.书名、电影名或格言等专有名词做主语 • No Pains, No Gains is a widely quoted
changing the plan.
知識 專業 創新 熱情 活力
III.就近原则
• 3.2 用连词or,either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also等连接的并列主语
• 要么是他要么是你拿了我的笔记本。 • Either he or you have taken my notebook. • 真题:
及应用
Teaching Contents
主 定义 谓 三原则 一 种类 致 真题解析
练习
Agreement(主谓一致)
专业英语四级(语法与词汇)模拟试卷111(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语四级(语法与词汇)模拟试卷111(题后含答案及解析) 题型有: 4. GRAMMAR & VOCABULARYPART IV GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY (15 MIN)Directions: There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.1.Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?A.Fifteen miles seems like a long walk to me.B.John, as much as his brothers, was responsible for the loss.C.Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else was awarded the prize.D.Enough of the data has been collected.正确答案:D解析:主谓一致。
A项中,当名词词组中心词为表示度量、时间等复数名词时,可以根据意义一致的原则,把这些复数名词看作一个整体,谓语动词采用单数形式;B项中,当主语后跟有as well as,as much as,rather than,more than,no less than等引导的介词短语时,其谓语动词形式依主语的单复数而定;C项中,由or, either…or…,neither…nor…,not only…but also…连接的并列主语的主谓一致,按就近原则处理。
D项中,当名词词组中心词是all,most,half或者the rest,the remainder等,其主谓一致关系一般遵循意义一致的原则:如果所指为复数意义,动词用复数形式;反之,用单数。
四级语法规则
四级语法规则一、主谓一致主谓一致是指主语与谓语在人称和单复数上保持一致。
具体规则如下:1. 单数主语与单数谓语动词连用,复数主语与复数谓语动词连用。
例如:- My friend studies abroad.(我的朋友在国外学习。
)- The students are reading books in the library.(学生们在图书馆看书。
)2. 若主语为第三人称单数,谓语动词要加“s”或“es”。
例如:- He always goes to work by bus.(他总是坐公共汽车上班。
)- She plays the piano very well.(她弹得很好。
)3. 在某些特殊情况下,主谓一致需要特别注意。
- both...and...连接的主语谓语与后者保持一致。
- either...or...连接的主语谓语与近处的主语保持一致。
- neither...nor...连接的主语谓语与近处的主语保持一致。
二、时态一致时态一致是指在一个句子中,动词的时态应与上下文保持一致。
具体规则如下:1. 在一般现在时中,用一般现在时表达客观事实、习惯、经常性行为等。
例如:- They usually have dinner at 7:00 p.m.(他们通常在晚上7点吃晚饭。
)2. 在一般过去时中,用一般过去时表达过去某个时间发生的事情或者过去的状态。
例如:- I studied in London for two years.(我在伦敦学习了两年。
)3. 在现在进行时中,用现在进行时表达正在进行的动作或者现阶段的状况。
例如:- She is studying for her final exam.(她正在备战期末考试。
)4. 在一般将来时中,用一般将来时表达将来发生的动作。
例如:- We will go to the cinema tomorrow.(我们明天去看电影。
)三、语态使用语态是指动词形式表示动作或者状态与主语之间的关系。
四级_六级__主谓一致
主谓一致语法一致(与插入语无关)1)由and 或 both… and 连接名词词组时, 后用复数;2)The + adj.的主谓一致:当表示“一类人”用复数当表示某一抽象概念时。
例:The good is always attractive.3)people, police, cattle, poultry (家禽), militia (民兵) 等通常都用作复数.Cattle are grazing on the pasture.就近一致1) 由并列结构或连词(or ,nor,either…or,neither…nor,not…but,not only…but also,等)连接的并列主语,谓语动词与靠近的那个名词或代词保持一致。
Either my brother or my father is coming.Only one out of five were there.No one except his own supporters agree with him.Neither julia nor I am agree.2)在倒装句和there be句型中,谓语动词与后面的第一个主语保持一致。
There is a book and some pens on the desk. 桌子上有一本书和几支钢笔。
There comes the bus. 汽车来了。
3) 在定语从句中,关系代词作主语,其谓语动词应与它所指代的先行词保持一致。
例句:I know the man who is talking to my father.我认识那个正在和我父亲谈话的人。
4) 在强调句中,连接代词又在句中作主语,这时它应与被强调的主语保持一致。
It’s Mary’s brother who was injured in the car accident. 是Mary哥哥在车祸中受伤意义一致1) 当主语与谓语动词之间插入with, together with, along with,as well as, as much as, noless than, rather than ,more than,along with,accompanied with / by , besides,except,but, including等短语时,谓语动词不受这些插入语的干扰,依然和主语保持一致。
12月英语四级语法:主谓一致
我们都知道,在大学英语四级考试中,单独考察英语四级语法的题型很少,但是英语四级语法知识点却贯穿整张试卷,下面是网英语四级频道为大家整理的大学英语四级语法知识,希望可以为大家带来帮助。
12月大学英语四级语法大全目录15. 主谓一致主谓一致是指:1) 语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
2) 意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
3) 就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语,一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。
There is much water in the thermos.但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。
Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.12月大学英语四级语法大全目录四六级作文万能句型1.Along with the advance of the society more and moreproblems are brought to our attention one of which is that…随着社会的不断发展,出现了越来越多的问题,其中之一便是……2.As to whether it isa blessing or a curse,however,peopletake different attitudes.然而,对于此类问题,人们持不同的看法。
3.As society develops,people are attaching much Importance to…随着社会的发展,人们开始关注……4.People are attaching more and more importance to theinterview during job hunting.求职的程中,人们慢慢意识到面试的重要性。
5.As to whether it is worthwhile.there is a long runningcontroversial debate It is quite natural that people from different bac kgrounds may have divergent attitudes towards it.关于是否值得的问题,一直以来争论不休。
(完整版)英语语法主谓一致
1.主谓一致是指英语中谓语在人称、数及意义方面要与作主语的名词或代词一致。
2.主谓一致分为语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。
(1)语法一致原则:主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致。
主语为单数,谓语用单数;主语为复数,谓语用复数。
I often help him and he often helps me.(2)意义一致原则:主语和谓语在意义上单复数一致。
主语为单数,谓语用单数;主语为复数,谓语用复数。
The police are searching the woods for the murderer.(3)就近一直原则:当主语有两个或两个以上时,谓语动词由靠近它的主语确定。
并列主语的谓语一致1.And(1)两个单数名词用and连接,表示不同概念时,谓语用发复数。
Tom and Jack are close friends.(2)两个单数名词用and连接,表示同一歌人、同一个物,同一个概念,或表示不可分割的整体时,谓语用单数。
The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party.(3)被every,each,many a,no等限定的单数名词由and连接时,谓语仍用单数,其中,后一个限定词可以省略。
every ……and ……every,each……and……each,no……and……no, many a……and……many a。
Each boy and (each) girl has an apple.(4)一个单数名词被几个用and连接的并列形容词修饰时,可以指一件事或几件事,这种名词作主语,要根据意义一致的原则决定单复数。
Simple and plain living is a fine quality.生活简朴一种优良品质。
Ancient and modern history are the subjects we are studying.(5)由and连接的两个what的从句作主语时,要根据意义一致的原则决定单复数What he says and does do not agree.(言行不一致)What he says and does does not concern me.2.由either or, neither nor, not but, not only but also,or, nor连接的并列主语,谓语动词常和邻近的主语一致。
英语语法——主谓一致
主语复--谓语复 ; 主语单---பைடு நூலகம்-谓语单
A knife and fork_i_s_ used to have meals.
(and 后无冠词) 指同一个人
(and 后无冠词)
The singer and dancer__is__ on the stage.
指一副刀叉
主语复--谓语复 ; 主语单-----谓语单
主语形单意复,谓语用复数 主语形复意单,谓语用单数
谓语的单复数形式 取决于最靠近他的主语。
“主语+ 附属结构” 作主语 谓语与主语一致
语法一致
主语复--谓语复 ; 主语单-----谓语单
1.常见复数形式名词:
(1)Trousers、scissors(剪刀)、 clothes、goods(货物)、glasses、shoes
Every boy and every girl in the class _______(be) diligent. No sound and no voice _______(be) heard.
主语复--谓语复 ; 主语单-----谓语单
7. many a, more than one, one and a half与单数名词组成的短语 ——— 谓语动词用单数
主形单意复,谓语复;主形复意单,谓语单
2. 有些以-s 结尾的名词虽形式是复数, 但意义上是单数(形复意单)谓语用单
① Every means _h_a_s___ been tried since then. ② No news __i_s_ good news. (is / are) ③ Maths / physics __i_s__ the subject that I like most. (is / are)
(完整word版)英语专业四级语法之主谓一致
主谓一致主谓一致即句子的主语和谓语动词在人称和数上保持一致。
大致有三个基本原则:1.语法一致原则,即主语是单数形式,谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语如是复数形式,谓语动词则相应的为复数形式。
2.意义一致原则,即主语、谓语不参照主语的语法形式,而是取决与主语所表述的实际意义为单数还是复数。
3.就近原则,即谓语动词和它最相邻的名词、代词或其它词在人称或数上保持一致。
专四考点:1.语法一致✧当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as等词引起的短语时,位于动词与前面的主语一致。
如:Tom as well as two of his classmates was invited to the party. 汤姆和他的两个同学被邀请去参加聚会。
The president of the college, together with the deans, is planning a conference for the purpose of laying down certain regulations. 该大学的校长准备和院长们一起开会制定校规。
✧如果主语是由“a committee of, a panel of, a/the board of + 复数名词”构成,谓语动词通常用单数。
如:A panel of scientific advisers to the agency is expected to make a formalrecommendation on Monday. 药监局的科学顾问小组将在周一提出正式建议。
The board of manager is responsible for the firm. 经理委员会对公司负责。
2.意义一致✧代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语,或主语中含有each, every,谓语需用单数。
专四英语主谓一致
第十九章主谓一致“一致”(CONCORD或AGREEMENT)指句子之间或词语之间在语法形式上的协调关系。
主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词之间在“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系,也称为“主-动一致”(SUBJECT-VERB CONCORD)。
第一节主谓一致的指导原则一致关系必须遵循三个原则,即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则。
一、语法一致原则主语和谓语的一致关系主要表现在“数”的形式上,即用作主语的名词短语的中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上的一致。
主语为单数形式时,谓语动词用单数形式;主语为复数形式时,谓语动词也用复数形式。
这种一致关系被称为“语法一致”。
例如:My friend has no intention of going swimming with me.我朋友不想跟我一起去游泳。
Each family was forced t o send one labor to the army.每家都被迫送一个劳动力到军队去。
Men are born and remain free and equal in rights.人人生而拥有且保持自由,在权力上一律平等。
We do morning exercises every day.我们每天做早操。
二、概念一致原则有时,主语和谓语动词的一致关系并非取决于语法上的单、复数形式,而是取决于主语的单、复数意义,也就是说,主语在形式上虽然为单数,但其意义为复数,谓语动词则要用复数形式。
例如:Fifteen miles seems like a long walk to me.十五英里对我来说像是要走很长一段路程。
The teacher and writer is her friend.这个既是教师又是作家的人是她的朋友。
三、就近原则有时,谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语(主要指名词)的单、复数形式,这种一致关系所依据的原则叫做“就近原则”。
例如:Either my brothers or my father is coming here.来这儿的或者是我的兄弟们或者是我父亲。
英语专业四级主谓一致(打印)
专四语法(主谓一致)一.以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题●有些疾病的名称带有-s词尾,通常作单数用● The measles(or mumps,rickets,smallpox,shingles)is a disease very common in this village.●表示游戏名称的名词通常作单数用● Billiards(or Bowls,Dominos,Draughts)is my favorite game.●但:Cards are not interesting to me.●有些学科的名称,虽以-s结尾,却都作单数;但若这类名词表示学科以外的其它意义,便可以做复数用。
● My mathematics are poor.● The economics of this country are stable.● Such politics are foolish.● Such tactics are ridiculous●某些以-s结尾的地理名称,如果是国名,尽管带有复数词尾,但系一政治实体,做单数用;●但如不是国名,而是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称,通常作复数用。
集体名词作主语的主谓一致问题二.集体名词作主语的主谓一致问题●有些有生命的集体名词,如cattle, police,people,youth, mankind, folk等做主语时,谓动常用复数。
●无生命的词,如foliage(叶子),machinery(机械),merchandise(商品、货物)等做主语时,谓动用单数。
●还有一些集体名词如:audience, class, crew, committee, family, team, group, army, police等做主语时,如指一整体,谓动用单数;如指全体中的每一个成员,谓动则用复数。
●如果主语是由“a committee of”等+复数名词,随后的动词常用单数。
英语四级主谓一致
1、none of……,neither of……,either of……构成的短语作主语的主谓语一致(1)none of 后面若接的是可数名词,谓语动词用单复数都可以,若接的是不可数名词,就用单数形式。
例如:None of them are/is aware of the danger.他们中没有人意思到那个危险。
None of the money was paid to me.连一分钱也没有付给我。
Neither of them is going to give up the chance.他们俩人都不打算放弃个个机会。
Either of the students goes to the library every day.两个学生每天都去图书馆。
(2)neither of ……和either of ……构成的短语作主语,谓语动词通常用单数形式,但在口语中也可视为复数。
例如:Neither of them is /are fond of the arrangement.他们两个都喜欢这种安排。
Either of them carries/carry his/their belonging.他们两个都来了随身携带的物品。
2、在“one of +复数名词或代词+定语从句”结构中,分句中的谓语动词用复数形式。
当one之前有the only 等词修饰时,分句中的谓语动词用单数形式。
例如:She is one of the few persons I know who have read the book.她是我所知道的读过这本书的少数人之一。
He is the only one of the boys that has attended the meeting.他是那些男孩中唯一一位参加过那个会议的人。
3、or,either……or……,neither……nor……,not only……but(also)……等连接的并列成分作主语时,根据就近原则处理。
主谓一致语法归纳
主谓一致一、单数名词做主语时的主谓一致1.集合名词与谓语动词的一致(1)集合名词做主语,如果表示整体概念,谓语动词用单数形式;如表示成员则用复数。
常见的这部分名词有army, audience, class, club, committee, company, crowd, family, group, government, organization, party, personnel,public, staff, team, union, crew等。
注意:若以上集合名词表示组成该集合体的分散个体时,与其对应的人称代词也因该使用they, them,或their.(2)有些集合名词,如cattle,folk,people,police,poultry(家禽)等做主语,总是跟复数动词形式。
(3)有些表示某类别的总称的集合名词,如machinery(机械),equipment(设备),clothing, luggage, furniture,jewelry等作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。
2.单复数同形的名词与谓语动词的一致单复数同形的名词作主语,要根据上下文以及修饰这些词的词来确定其谓语形式。
常见的这部分名词有aircraft, crossroads, deer, fish, headquarters, means,series, sheep, species, works等注意:fishes表示“各种各样的鱼”3.表示成双成套的名词,如trousers,shoes, glasses, compasses等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
二、复数名词作主语时的主谓一致1.以”s”结尾的书刊名、国名、组织名、游戏名、运动名作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。
2.表示群岛、瀑布、山脉等以”s”结尾的专有名词作主语时,谓语动词往往用复数。
3.以”ics”结尾的名词指一门学科时,常用单数谓语动词形式,当这些名词表示实际内容时,谓语动词则用复数形式。
英语专业四级主谓一致知识讲解浓缩版
主谓一致知识讲解浓缩版一.主谓一致的基本原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则,就近原则二.各原则具体概述:1.语法一致原则:指主语为单数形式,谓语动词也用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语也用复数形式。
2.意义一致原则:指主语形式上是单数,但表达复数意义,那么谓语动词也要用复数形式;或主语形式上是复数形式,但却表达单数意义,那么谓语动词要用单数形式。
例如:My family were watching TV at 7 o’clock.My family has moved three times .3.就近原则:指谓语动词的人称和数由最靠近它的主语来决定。
例如:There is a man, two women and three children in the room.There are two women ,a man and three children in the room .三.谓语动词用单数的情况:1.可数名词单数及不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数。
2.more than one +单数名词做主语时,谓语动词用单数3.a/an+单数名词+or two 做主语,谓语用单数4.many a +单数名词做主语,谓语动词用单数5.某些以s结尾的单数名词,如:news, works, physics等,以及书名,戏剧名,报纸及国家名称做主语时,谓语用单数。
6.主语从句,动词不定式,动词ing 形式作主语时,谓语动词也用单数。
7.如果and 连接的两个词是指同一个人,同一事物或同一概念,这时两名词虽然由and 连接,但只有一个限定词,谓语动词要用单数。
例如:The teacher and writer is her friend.这个既是教师又是作家的人是她的朋友。
My friend and lawyer has caught a bad cold.我的律师,也就是我的朋友,得了重感冒。
8.两个单数名词用and 连接表示不可分的整体做主语时,谓语用单数。
英语专业四级词汇语法辅导--主谓一致
3.One hundred divided by five (equal/equals) equals twenty.
4.What my father left me (is/ are are) a few English books. is 5.The New York Times (is/are) published daily.
1.Ten pounds (is/ is are) much for all the trouble we have. 2.Four hours (is/are) needed to complete is the outline.
3.All their belongings, together with the remains of torn-up newspapers, (lie/ lie lies) over the carpets.
1.The number of citizens who (have/ have has) been questioned on this matter( is is/ are) small. 2.The use of the credit cards in place of cash (has/have) increased in recent years. has
句作主语时,谓语动词用单数.
二:意义一致原则
e.g. 1,Tom’s family is a big one and his family are workers. 2, The population in India is increasing rapidly. 3,The population in that country are mostly farmers.
英语语法主谓一致
主谓一致主谓一致Subject-Verb Concord即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致;主谓一致包括语法一致、意义一致和就近一致;语法一致即谓语动词在单复数形式上要和主语保持一致;意义一致就是谓语动词要和主语意义上的单复数保持一致;就近一致就是谓语动词要和靠近它的主语部分保持一致..表里不一主谓一致中的"表里不一"现象1;"more than one +名词"作主语时;谓语动词常用单数.例如:More than one teacher gets the flowers. 不止一个教师得到了花. 2;"many a +名词"作主语时;从意义上看是复数;但谓语动词常用单数.例如:Many a student has been sent to plant trees. 很多学生被派去植树.3;"half of ;the rest of ;most of ;all of及百分数或分数+of 等后接名词"作主语时;谓语动词形式根据of后的名词而定.例如:Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.地球表面四分之三为水所覆盖.4;all指人时;动词用复数;all指物时;动词用单数.例如:"All are present and all is going well." 所有人全部到场了;一切进展顺利5;what引导的主语从句;谓语动词可视表语而定:表语是单数名词时;动词用单数;相反;则用复数.例如:What they want to get are a number of good books.他们想得到的是大量的好书.6;and连接的两个单数名词前若用each ;every ;no修饰;该名词短语作主语时;谓语动词用单数形式.例如:No book and no pen is found in the schoolbag.书包里没有书和钢笔.7;当主语后面有as well as ;with ;along with ;together with ;but ;like ;rather than ;except;逗号加and连接几个名词等引导的短语时;谓语动词要与最前面的主语保持一致.例如:My father as well as his workmates has been to Beijing. 我父亲和他的同事曾去过北京.8;each作主语的同位语时;谓语动词由主语来决定;与each无关.例如:They each have a bike. 他们每人有一辆自行车.9;动词不定式;动词-ing形式短语作主语时;谓语动词常用单数.例如:Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit.晚饭后出去散步是一个好习惯.10;the following作主语时;谓语动词的数与后面名词的数保持一致.例如:The following are good examples下面是一些好例子.11;以-ics结尾的学科名词;如politics ;physics ;mathematics等作主语时;谓语动词用单数.以-s结尾的名词news ;works ;plastics等同属此类.例如:Politics is now taught in all schools. 现在各学校都开设政治课.当以-ics结尾的学科名词表示"学科"以外的意义时;用作复数;如:mathematics运算能力politics政治观点economics经济意义等..12;有些用来表示由两个对应部分组成一体的名词复数trousers ;glasses ;shoes .shorts .scissors .scales等作主语时;前面若有"一条";"一副";"一把"之类的单位词;动词用单数;若没有单位词或单位词是复数;则谓语动词用复数.例如:The shoes are all right. 这些鞋子都很合适.还有一些以-s结尾的名词通常用复数:arms武器.clothes .contents .minutes记录.remains遗体.thanks等13;"one and a half +名词"作主语时;谓语动词要用单数.例如:One and a half apples is left on the table. 桌子上有一个半苹果.14;"One or two more +复数名词"作主语时;谓语动词用复数.例如:One or two persons are sent there to help them do the work. 要派一两个人到那儿去给他们帮忙.15;"one of+复数名词+ 定语从句"结构中;定语从句的谓语动词要用复数;而在"the only one of +复数名词+定语从句"的结构中;"the one of + 复数名词+定语从句"定语从句的谓语动词要用单数.例如:He is one of the students who get there on time.他是准时到达那里的学生之一.16;表示时间;距离;金钱等的复数名词作主语表达一个整体概念时;谓语动词常用单数;但若强调数量;谓语动词可用复数.例如:One million dollars is a lot of money. 一百万美元是一大笔钱. -s结尾一以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语的主谓一致问题;以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语的主谓一致问题;如:arthritis ;bronchitis ;diabetes ;mumps ;phlebitis ;rickets;这类以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语时;谓语动词通常用作单数..例如:Arthritis causes great pain in the joints of the patient.二以-s结尾的游戏名称作主语的主谓一致问题;以-s结尾的游戏名称作主语时;谓语动词通常用作单数..例如:Darts is basically an easy game.但当Darts;Marbles等的意义为游戏器具而非游戏名称时;谓语动词通常用作复数..例如:Three darts are thrown at each turn.All nine skittles were brought down by the good throw.三以-s结尾的地理名称作主语的主谓一致问题;某些以-s结尾的地理名称;如果是国名;如the United States;the Netherlands等;因其是单一政治实体;所以谓语动词用作单数..例如:The United States was hit by the Great Depression in 1930s'.In early January 1996 the Netherlands was hit by its worst storm since 1976.但如果是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语;谓语动词用作复数..例如:The West Indies are commonly divided into two parts.四以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语的主谓一致问题;某些以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语时;如physics ;mathematics ;mechanics ;optics ;acoustics ;politics;st atistics ;economics ;linguistics ;athletics等;谓语动词通常用作单数..例如:The third world economics is promising.Athletics is a required course for students of all grades.但如果这类名词表示学科以外的其它含义;可作复数用..例如:Athletics have been greatly encouraged at this college.五其它以-s结尾的名词的主谓一致问题;.以-s结尾的由两部分组成的物体名称作主语;英语中有一些通常以-s结尾的由两部分组成的物体名词;如glasses ;pincers ;pliers ;scissors ;shorts ;suspenders ;trousers 等; 为复数名词;后接复数谓语集合名词1单数—复数型.凡是有复数词尾变化形式的集合名词都属于此类.如:a class—classes; a family—families; a government—governments; anarmy—armies ;a people—peoples民族; a group—groups; a crowd—crowds; a crew—crews等.这类集合名词强调的是整体性;即当作一个整体或多个整体来看待.属于这类集合名词的单数作主语时;谓语动词用单数;复数形式作主语时;谓语动词用复数.例如A big crowd often gathers on the square every morning.每个上午一大群人经常聚集在广场上The government has decided to pass the bill.政府已决定通过这一法案There are huge crowds in the streets on Sunday.星期天有大群大群的人在街上..There are many English-speaking peoples in the world.在世界上有许多讲英语的民族..但应注意;这类集合名词的单数形式有时表示复数概念;所以这些集合名词的单数形式也可归为"单复同形型"中.2单数型.这类集合名词表示的是人或事物的整体;即把这类人或事物的全部包括在内;所以只有单数形式.如作主语;谓语动词常用单数.这类名词常见的有:humanity ;mankind ;proletariat等.例如The proletariat is the greatest class in the history of mankind. In the fields of production and scientific experiment ;mankind makes constant progress.3复数型.这类集合名词在形式和内容上是相互矛盾的;就是说它们只有单数形式;但表达的都是复数概念.它强调的是集体中的个体性.这类名词有:police ;cattle ;faculty ;flock ;machinery ;vermin ;personnel等.它们作主语时;谓语动词要用复数.例如The police have caught the murder.Our personnel are very highly trained.The vermin are very dangerous.4单复同形型.这类集合名词的单数形式既可表示单数也可表示复数.作主语时;用单数动词或复数动词均可;有时意义区别不大;具体看语境;是强调集体还是个体..例如The school teaching staff are is excellent.The public is are requested not to litter in the park.The teaching profession claims to be badly paid.这类集合名词常见的有:class;family;team;crew;board;herd;committee;party;jury;enemy;au dience等.根据说话人的心理意向若把这个集合名词所代表的人或事物看作一个整体;就认为是单数;用单数动词;若把它所代表的人或事物看作若干个个体的话;就认为其为复数;用复数动词.试比较:The football team is playing well.那个足球队打得非常漂亮. The football team are shavings bath and are then coming back here for tea. 足球队员们正在洗澡;然后来这里吃茶点.The family is a very happy one.那个家庭是一个非常幸福的家庭.That family are very pleased about the news of William's success. 全家人对威廉的成功都感到很高兴.典型例题1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数Reading and writing are very important.注意:当主语由and连接时;如果它表示一个单一的概念;即指同一人或同一物时;谓语动词用is;and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词;共用一个冠词用单数;表示The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.A. isB. wasC. areD. were答案 B. 注:先从时态上考虑.这是过去发生的事情应用过去时;先排除A.;C..本题易误选D;因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人;但仔细辨别;monitor 前没有the;在英语中;当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词.后面的职务用and 相连.这样本题主语为一个人;所以应选B.2 主谓一致中的就近原则当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时;谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致.There is a pen;a knife and several books on the desk..There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.总的来说;在由not only…but also…;not just…but…;or;either…or…;neither…nor…连接主语的句子中及在there be句型中;谓语动词的单复数按就近原则处理;即按与谓语动词最靠近的那个主语来确定谓语动词的单复数形式..如:Not only John but also I am going to Shanghai next week.Either you or she is to go.There is a pen ;a few envelops and some paper for you.3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致当主语后面跟有with ;together with ;like; except ;but ;no less than ;as well as 等词引起的短语时;谓语动词与前面的主语一致.The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. He as well as I wants to go boating.4 谓语需用单数1 代词each和由every ;some ;no ;any等构成的复合代词作主语;或主语中含有each ;every;谓语需用单数.Each of us has a tape-recorder.There is something wrong with my watch.2 当主语是一本书或一条格言时;谓语动词常用单数.The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.<一千零一夜>是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书.3 表示金钱;时间.距离.价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时;通常把这些名词看作一个整体;谓语一般用单数.用复数也可;意思不变.Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. Ten yuan is enough.5 指代意义决定谓语的单复数1 在代词what ;which ;who ;none ;some ;any ;more ;most ;all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定.All is right. 一切顺利.All are present. 所有人都到齐了.2 集体名词作主语时;谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定.如family ;team;group;club ;public ;audience ;crew ;crowd ;class ; company ;committee等词后用复数形式时;意为这个集体中的各个成员;用单数时表示该个集体.His family isn't very large. 他家不是一个大家庭.His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音乐爱好者.但集合名词people ;police ;cattle ;poultry家禽.militia民兵.vermin 害虫等在任何情况下都用复数形式.Are there any police around3有些名词;如variety ;number ;population ;proportion ;majority 等有时看作单数;有时看作复数.A number of +名词复数+动词的第三人称单数形式.The number of +名词复数+动词非第三人称单数形式.A number of books have lent out.The majority of the students like English.6 与后接名词或代词保持一致1 用half of; part of ;most of ;a portion of 等词引起主语时;动词通常与of后面的名词;代词保持一致.Most of his money is spent on books.Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.2 在一些短语;如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时;谓语动词多用单数形式.但由more than… of 作主语时;动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致.Many a person has read the novel. 许多人都读过这本书.More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市.7 the+形容词/国籍形容词..表示一类人/一国人;作主语;谓语动词用复数..8 the+姓氏的复数;表示一家人或两夫妇;作主语时;谓语动词用复数;9四则运算时;谓语动词用单数..10 表示;时间;距离;重量;金额;书名的复数名词作主语时;通常当做整体看待;谓语动词用单数..。
专四语法之主谓一致
专四语法之----主谓一致主谓一致1.当单数名词做主语后接with,together with,as well as,rather than, along with等短语做定语时,谓语动词只和主语保持一致。
The teacher together with his students is going there on foot.2.名词性从句或者非谓语动词短语做主语时往往表达一种抽象概念,谓语动词应该用单数形式:Driving cars is easy.To protect the fruits of our country victory is our sacred duty.3.Neither nor,either or,not only but also等句型中的谓语动词应该取决与主语中邻近部分,:Not only I but also Tom and Mary are fond of watching TV.4.the great part of可数或不可数与of后面的名词一致a large proportion of50% ofone third ofplenty ofthe rest of补充: a series of, a portion of, a species of, a piece of+ 名词的单数或复数时,谓语用单数.5.集体名词作主语时的主谓一致(1)表示无生命的“类”的集体名词Clothing,furniture,baggage/luggage,information,machinery,merchandise,jewelry 它们指同一类的许多东西,其用法与不可数名词相当:①形式上总是单数,没有复数形式,作主语时,谓语用单数。
The old machinery is out of date.这些旧机器过时了。
②不可直接与a(n)或数词连用。
表数量时用much,little,some,a piece of,an article of等。
最新英语主谓一致(附答案)
主谓一致(一)一、主谓一致三原则主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致,主谓一致必须遵循三原则:1). 语法一致原则(grammatical concord)2). 意义一致原则(notional concord)3). 就近原则(principle of proximity)1. 语法一致原则:指主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式,谓语也用复数形式。
Tom is a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。
They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。
2. 意义一致:指主语形式上为单数,但意义为复数,因此谓语动词用复数形式;或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义,这是谓语动词用单数形式。
My family are having lunch now.我们一家人现在正吃午饭。
Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book.这本书20美元太贵了。
3. 就近一致:指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式,取决于最靠近他的主语。
Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.不仅老师喜欢踢足球,而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。
There is a pen and some books on the desk.课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。
二、以-s 结尾名词的主谓一致1. 以“s"结尾的表示学科、游戏和疾病等名词,常用单数。
学科:economics(经济学);linguistics(语言学);mechanics(力学、机械学);statistics (统计学);electronics(电子学);logistics(后勤学);physics (物理学);genetics(遗传学);mathematics(数学);politics(政治、政治学)游戏:billiards(台球,弹子戏);cards(牌戏);bowls(保龄球);darts (投标游戏)疾病:diabetes(糖尿病);mumps(腮腺炎);measles(麻疹);rabies(恐水症;狂犬病)Mathematics seems easy to me.我似乎觉得数学不难。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
英语四级语法第十一堂主谓一致掌握主谓一致的各种情况,在四级考试的完形或写作中避免出错。
一、中文译成英文1. (十五分钟是一段很漫长的时间)for a boy who is eager to see his girlfriend.2.She ate bread and butter for breakfast, and (这是她最喜欢的食物).3.Neither the children nor the mother (失去信心).4. (现场的每一个人都发表了自己的观点) concerning the election.5.This is the best of (正常运行的机车).6.It is not I but you who (是最先跑到终点的) in that competition.Key 1.Fifteen minutes seems a long time2.it is her favorite food3.lost her confidence4.Every person present states his opinion5.the automobiles that is in working order6.are the first to run to the goal主谓一致是指以下三种情况:1)语法形式上要一致,即主语的单复数形式要与谓语一致;2)意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致;3)就近原则,即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。
主语例示时间、距离、重量、价值、复数作} 数目等名词整体看Fifty years is only a short time in human history. Two hundred miles is a long distance.One dollars seems a fair price to that book.短语、不定式从句、动名词Swimming is a good way to keep healthy.To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。
Where we will interview hasn’t been made public.“s”结尾的学科名词Politics is the art or science of government.[注意:Her politics are/isweak.有物主代词修饰时单复数均可。
]书、报、地名、组织的复数形式The United Nations is a world organization. The Times speaks for the British government.news/works/crossroads/ woods等复数形式表单数概念means视情况Bad news has wings.好事不出门,坏事传千里。
Every means has been tried to settle the problem. All means have been tried to settle the problem.并列主语指同一概念时A thief and murderer was sentenced to death.Care and patience is needed in our work.some/any/no/every +thing/ one/ body/whereSomebody is looking for you.Anyone is forbidden to smoke here.each/every/no/many a +单数名词+and+ each/every/no/many a +单数名词Each man and each woman was invited to the party. No engineer and no worker was in the workshop. Many a boy and many a girl has seen it.Many a/the whole/each/every/neithe r/either+单数名词Many a boy has tried, but few have succeeded.The whole nation was in deep sorrow.Neither story is true.each/neither/either+of+名词复数或them, us,you Each of them has a beautiful house. Neither of them is fit for the task.pair of+ 复数名词This pair of shoes needs mending.more than one+单数名词More than one soldier was killed in the battle.there be + 单数名词and + 复数名词There is a book, two pencils and three pens.one, the other, another, no one, neither等Here is only one shoe. Where is the other? One has to do one’s best.man(人类)/the world(世人)/clothing(衣着) Our clothing protects us from the cold. Only man knows how to cook.a series of/a species of A series of lectures on psychology is given by Mr Smith.the number of The number of pages in this book is nine hundred.one and a half+复数名词One and a half bananas is left on the table.有以下词作主语时,谓语用复数:主语例示the + 姓的复数;The Greens are going to make a trip to London.群岛/山脉/瀑布等;As is known to all, the Rocky mountains stand in North America.the+folk(s)/people/police/cattle/Chinese/French等集体名词;The police are sunning after the thief. The Chinese are a hardworking people.the +形容词表一类人;The rich are for the decision but the poor against it.a great/good many+复数名词;A good many people were killed in this traffic accident.a number of +复数名词;A number of students were absent yesterday.一/与前面主语保持一致的情况有主语后有以下词或短语时,谓语的单复数形式需与前面的主语一致:主语及例示【as well as】He as well as I wants to go boating.【rather than】The officer, rather than ministers answers for it.【(along/together)with】The teacher together with students is visiting the factory.【such…as/like】The girl like many boys is fond of sports.【such as/besides】Books such as this are useful for the beginners.【no less than= as much as和…一样】Sunshine, no less than water and air is necessary for plants. 【but/except】All students except Tom speak English.【Beyond】The newly built TV tower, as eighty five feet tall as beyond imagination, is called“the First Tower in Asia”.【短语作定语】Everyone here, including old people likes reading.【同位语】The idea that we can buy toys is quite good.【定语从句】Foreigners who work in China are from Japan.二、与后者保持一致的情况有以下词或短语连接并列主语时,谓语的单复数形式需与后者一致:主语及例示【or/nor】You, he, or I am right.【either…or】Either he or you are right.【neither…nor】Neither you nor he is right.Not only…but also Not only he but also I am right.三、谓语形式视情况而定的有以下集体名词作主语时…army, class, crew, family, team, group, party, government, couple, e nemy, audience, committee等集体名词时,如果代表一个整体,那么谓语用单数形式;如果强调整体中的所有成员,那么谓语则用复数形式。
Her family is small, but the family are advanced workers.[提示:前者指整体,后者指个体]Class is over and the class are all out for play.典型难句While she awaits the outcome, the government has granted her permission to work here and she has returned to her job at Ben & Jerry s.(06.06阅读)【分析】并列复合句。