3 -ing分词 ed-分词

2．-ED分词表示 （1）被动的、一般的动作 the exploited class a respected writer （2）被动的、完成的动作 an annoyed man trained employees boiled water （3）主动的、完成的动作 fallen leaves faded color developed country returned students
1． -ing分词表示 （1）主动、一般的动作 flying fish a promising young man a guiding principle the exploiting class a sleeping car 注意：此时ing分词多数表示的是所修饰名 注意：此时 分词多数表示的是所修饰名 词的一种持久性 特点; 持久性的 词的一种持久性的特点 -ing分词可以表示所修 饰名词的用途，一般不可改为关系分句。
（4）being 不能用来作后置修饰语。 Anybody who is outside after ten o’clock will be arrested. Anybody being outside after ten o’clock will be arrested.(x)
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2、宾语 -ING分词和不定式作宾语的区别 （1）不定式表示一次具体动作； -ING分词表示重 复性、习惯性动作。 I didn’t like to disturb you this morning. I don’t like reading books in bed. (2) 有时-ING分词的逻辑主语可能泛指人们，不定 式逻辑主语通常是句子中的主语。 I hate smoking, so I’d like to sit in the non-smoking room. 我讨厌吸烟。 I hate to smoke. 我不喜欢吸烟。
3、表语 -ing分词 分词作表语，修饰句子主语，说明主语 分词 的性质特征；或 说明主语的具体内容是什么。 These results are most satisfying. His hobby is collecting stamps.
4、状语(ing 分词和ed分词作状语） 主语一致） （1）分词作状语时的逻辑主语 （主语一致） ） Looking out of the window, I saw her crossing the road. Having failed to qualify as a doctor, I took up teaching.
(5) begin, start 下列情况只能用to do 作宾语 begin, start 本身为进行体： I was beginning to get angry. 如所接动词为表示心理活动的动词，如 understand, realize, know等。 They began to realize what she really want. 如所接动词后又要加不定式，则前一动词用ING分词，以避免重复。 They began deciding to do….
3． -分词作修饰语的词序问题 作修饰语的词序问题 分词表示某种永久性的特点时，它更像一个形容词，而不 像动词，此时将分词放在所修饰的名词前。当分词表示的 是一种具体的、特定的特征时，主要侧重的是其动作方面 的含义，此时分词放在名词后。 a broken window the window broken last night I’ll never get married --- I don’t want to spend my life surrounded by dirty washing and screaming children. （screaming 是一个永久性特征） Did you hear that child screaming? （screaming是一 个特定的动作）
I scorn telling lies. 我痛恨（别人对我）说谎。 I scorn to tell a lie. 我不屑于说谎/我才不说谎呢。
(3) 在demand, deserve, need, require, want 等动词后面， -ING 分词的主动形式表示被动的意思。 (4) 歧义动词 Remember, forget, stop, go on, regret, try, mean mind, chance Chance doing sth. : risk doing sth. 冒险做某事 He chanced climbing the rock without any aid. Chance to do sth. : happen to do sth. 碰巧作某事 He chanced to find his lost bike in front of a store. Mind doing sth.: 介意/反对作某事 Mind to do sth. : 留心作某事 Mind to mail the letter.
（2）独立分词结构 Weather permitting, we’ll be going fishing tomorrow. All the money having been spent, we started looking for work. The old man often takes a walk after supper with his dog following him. I often go to see movies without anybody accompanying me. With/without + n. + p.p The old man often takes a walk after supper with his dog following him. I often go to see movies without anybody accompanying me.
（3）悬垂分词 (dangling participle) ） Arriving home, the door was found locked. (x) Arriving home, I found the door locked.
（4）特殊表达方式 ） 副词+speaking Generally broadly strictly 不及物动词+介词 Judging from allowing for talking of 分词+that……. Seeing that …… considering that ……. Supposing that……. Granting that……(=though) allowing that……. （5）分词作状语在句中的不同意义
There be 句型中用-ING分词 There is no point (in) doing something There is no use /good in doing something There is no doing something 意思相当于It’s impossible to do something 或 We can’t do something. There is no denying the fact that….不容否认…… There is no telling what will happen tomorrow. 无法 预知未来会发生什么。 There’s no knowing the future.----- It’s impossible to know the future, or we can’t know the future
4． ing-分词作修饰语应注意的 问题
（1）特指名词后-ing分词作修饰语多数表 示正在进行的动作；泛指的名词后则表示 正在进行的动作或一般的动作。 Men breaking the law will be punished. Men who break the law will be punished. The boy bringing the milk is my brother. The boy who is bringing the milk is my brother.
（3）只能叙述与谓语动作差不多同时发生 的动作 Can you see the girl dancing with your boyfriend? Anyone touching that wire will get an electric shock. 比较： The man who broke the window was fined. The man breaking the window was fined. (x)
分词的完成式
1.有明显的先后 Having noted down our names and addresses, the policeman dismissed us. I was unable to go with you, having promised to accompany my girlfriend to the concert. 2. 无明显的先后 Locking the door, he went home. Hearing the joke, we burst out laughing. 比较： Finding the door locked, I went home. （时间） I went home, finding the door locked. （结果） 分词动作晚于谓语动作，此时分词短语要置于句末。
School of Foreign Studies
-ing 分词和-ed 分词
-ing分词的语法功能
1、主语 注意：此时，主语和表语要同时采用-ING分词或同时采用 不定式形式，即平行结构，否则被认为不正确。但在动词 seem, prove, appear后面，通常只跟to be。 Climbing the mountain seems to be hopeless, for it’s raining hard. 用it 作形式主语， -ING分词用在下列结构中： It is/was + 特定adj. / n. + -ing分词 Adj. : nice, better, foolish, enjoyable, fun, good, useless n. : any /some/no good, any /some /no use, a waste of time Is it any good trying to explain? It’s no use crying over spilt milk. .
（2）-ing分词修饰语时动作发生的具体时 间是由句子谓语动作的时间决定的。 The men working on the site were in some danger. The men who were working on the site were in some danger. The man standing at the gate is my English teacher. The man who is standing at the gate is my English teacher.
5、修饰语
（2）主动的、进行的动作 a developing country the setting sun/the rising sun a sleeping child 注意：此时-ING分词多数表示的是所修饰 注意：此时 分词多数表示的是所修饰 名词的一种短暂性的特点,通常含有进行意 短暂性的特点 名词的一种短暂性的特点 味，且均可改为关系分句.