专业英语道路翻译
(完整word版)交通安全工程专业英语词汇
交通安全工程专业英语词汇1 交通规则 traffic regulation2 路标 guide post3 里程碑 milestone4 停车标志 mark car stop5 红绿灯 traffic light6 自动红绿灯 automatic traffic signal light7 红灯 red light8 绿灯 green light9 黄灯 amber light10 交通岗 traffic post11 岗亭 police box12 交通警 traffic police13 打手势 pantomime14 单行线 single line15 双白线 double white lines16 双程线dual carriage-way17 斑马线 zebra stripes18 划路线机 traffic line marker19 交通干线 artery traffic20 车行道 carriage-way21 辅助车道 lane auxiliary22 双车道 two-way traffic23 自行车通行 cyclists only24 单行道 one way only25 窄路 narrow road26 潮湿路滑 slippery when wet27 陡坡 steep hill28 不平整路 rough road29 弯路 curve road ; bend road30 连续弯路 winding road31 之字路 double bend road32 之字公路 switch back road33 下坡危险 dangerous down grade34 道路交叉点 road junction35 十字路 cross road36 左转 turn left37 右转 turn right38 靠左 keep left39 靠右 keep right40 慢驶 slow41 速度 speed42 超速 excessive speed43 速度限制 speed limit44 恢复速度 resume speed45 禁止通行 no through traffic46 此路不通 blocked47 不准驶入 no entry48 不准超越 keep in line ; no overhead49 不准掉头 no turns50 让车道 passing bay51 回路 loop52 安全岛 safety island53 停车处 parking place54 停私人车 private car park55 只停公用车 public car only56 不准停车 restricted stop57 不准滞留 restricted waiting58 临街停车 parking on-street59 街外停车 parking off-street60 街外卸车 loading off-street61 当心行人 caution pedestrian crossing62 当心牲畜 caution animals63 前面狭桥 narrow bridge ahead64 拱桥 hump bridge65 火车栅 level crossing66 修路 road works67 医院 hospital68 儿童 children69 学校 school70 寂静地带 silent zone71 非寂静地带 silent zone ends72 交通管理 traffic control73 人山人海 crowded conditions74 拥挤的人 jam-packed with people75 交通拥挤 traffic jam76 水泄不通 overwhelm77 顺挤 extrusion direct78 冲挤 extrusion impact79 推挤 shoved80 挨身轻推 nudging81 让路 give way82 粗心行人 careless pedestrian83 犯交通罪 committing traffic offences84 执照被记违章 endorsed on driving license85 危险驾驶 dangerous driving86 粗心驾车 careless driving87 无教员而驾驶 driving without an instruct or88 无证驾驶 driving without license89 未经车主同意 without the owner's consent90 无第三方保险 without third-party insurance91 未挂学字牌 driving without a L plate92 安全第一 safety first93 轻微碰撞 slight impact94 迎面相撞 head-on collision95 相撞 collided96 连环撞 a chain collision97 撞车 crash98 辗过 run over99 肇事逃跑司机 hit-run driver100 冲上人行道 drive onto the pavemen。
道路翻译
事故多发点
Accident Arｅa
8
保护动物
WatcｈforＡｎimaｌs
9
道路交通信息
TraffｉcＩｎformation
10
多雾路段
Fｏggy Area
11
软基路段
Soft Roadｂｅd
12
堤坝路
EmbankmｅntＲｏad
13
明槽路段
Unｄerpａss
14
深槽路段
Unｄｅrpass
1５
道路封闭
38
严禁酒后开车
Don'ｔDrｉnk anｄＤriｖe
39
请勿疲劳驾驶
Don＇ｔ Ｄｒive WｈeｎＴirｅd
40
禁扔废弃物
NｏLitterｉｎｇ
４1
禁用手机
Doｎ'tＵseＣeｌlphoｎes Whｅn Driving
42
禁止超载
Doｎ'ｔExceedＷeｉｇhtＬimｉｔ
４3
禁止超高
Don'ｔ Ｅxｃeed HｅｉｇｈtLimiｔ
RoadＣｌoseｄ
１6
车辆慢行
ＳｌoｗDｏwn
１7
道路施工
Road WorkAhead
18
车辆绕行
Ｄｅtoｕr
１9
前方弯道
BendAhｅａd
2０
方向引导
ＤiｒectiｏnSｉgn
21
落石
Ｆａllｉng Rocks
2２
双向交通
Two-WaｙＴraｆfic
２3
单行交通
One－WaｙTｒaｆfic
24
禁止驶入／严禁通行/禁止入洞
专业英语翻译
1. Civil engineering，the oldest of the engineering specialties，is the planning，design，construction, and management of the built environment．This environment includes all structures built according to scientific principles，from irrigation and drainage systems to rocket-launching facilities.土木工程，最老的工程专业，是建筑环境的规划、设计、施工和管理。
这个环境包括从灌溉和排水系统到火箭发射设施的所有根据科学原理建造的结构物。
2. Civil engineers build roads，bridges，tunnels，dams，harbors，power plants，water and sewage systems，hospitals，schools，mass transit，and other public facilities essential to modern society and large population concentrations．土木工程师修建道路、桥梁、隧道、大坝、港口、发电站、水系统和污水系统，医院、学校、公共交通系统，以及现代化社会和大量人口集中的地方所必需的其他公共设施。
3. Computers are a necessity for the modern civil engineer because they permit the engineer to efficiently handle the large quantities of data needed in determining the best way to construct a project．计算机对于现代土木工程师而言是必不可少的，因为它们可使工程师高效地处理大量数据，这些数据是在确定最优施工方案时所需要的。
各专业英文翻译
法学 Law Study英语 English日语 Japanese信息与计算科学 Information and Computation Science应用物理学 Applied Physics冶金工程 Metallurgical Engineering金属材料工程 Metallic Materials Engineering无机非金属材料 Inorganic Nonmetallic Materials材料成型及控制工程 Material Formation and controlEngineering高分子材料与工程 Multimolecular Materials and Engineering工业设计 Industrial Disign建筑学 Architecture城市规划 City Planning艺术设计 Artistical Disign包装工程 Packaging Engineering机械设计制造及自动化Machine Disign,Manufacturing,and Automation热能与动力工程 Thermal and Power Engineering水利水电工程 WaterConservance and Electro-power Engineering测控技术与仪器 Technique and Instrumentation of Measurements电气工程及其自动化 Electric Engineering and its Automation自动化 Automation通信工程 Communication Engineering电子信息科学与技术 Sience and Technology of Electronic Information 计算机科学与技术 Computer Sience and Technology土木工程 Civil Engineering工程管理 Project Management给水排水工程 Water Supply and Sewage Engineering建筑环境与设备工程 Constructional Environment and Equipment Engineering 过程装备与控制工程 Processing Units and Control Engineering环境工程 Environmental Engineering化学工程与工艺 Chemacal Engineering and Technology安全工程 Safty Engineering工商管理 Industrial and Commercial Management市场营销 Market Management and Sales会计学 Accounting旅游管理 Tourism Management信息管理与信息系统 Information Management and System金融学 Finance国际经济与贸易 International Economy and Trade食品科学与工程 Food Sience and Engineering生物工程 Biological Engineering纺织工程 Textile Engineering建筑环境与设备工程、Constructional Environment and Equipment Engineering 过程装备与控制工程、Processing Units and Control Engineering现代家政学、 Modern Domestic Science运动训练科学系、 Sports Train Science食品营养与检测、 Food Nutrition and Detect国际新闻、 International News体育健康教育系 Sports Health Education哲学 Philosophy马克思主义哲学 Philosophy of Marxism中国哲学 Chinese Philosophy外国哲学 Foreign Philosophies逻辑学 Logic伦理学 Ethics美学 Aesthetics宗教学 Science of Religion科学技术哲学 Philosophy of Science and Technology经济学 Economics理论经济学 Theoretical Economics政治经济学 Political Economy经济思想史 History of Economic Thought经济史 History of Economic西方经济学 Western Economics世界经济 World Economics人口、资源与环境经济学 Population, Resources and Environmental Economics应用经济学 Applied Economics国民经济学 National Economics区域经济学 Regional Economics财政学（含税收学） Public Finance (including Taxation)金融学（含保险学） Finance (including Insurance)产业经济学 Industrial Economics国际贸易学 International Trade劳动经济学 Labor Economics统计学 Statistics数量经济学 Quantitative Economics中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称国防经济学 National Defense Economics法学 Law法学 Science of Law法学理论 Jurisprudence法律史 Legal History宪法学与行政法学 Constitutional Law and Administrative Law 刑法学 Criminal Jurisprudence民商法学(含劳动法学、社会保障法学) Civil Law and Commercial Law (including Science of Labour Law and Science of Social Security Law )诉讼法学 Science of Procedure Laws经济法学 Science of Economic Law环境与资源保护法学 Science of Environment and Natural Resources Protection Law国际法学(含国际公法学、国际私法学、国际经济法学、) International law (including International Public law, International Private Law and International Economic Law)军事法学 Science of Military Law政治学 Political Science政治学理论 Political Theory中外政治制度 Chinese and Foreign Political Institution科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动 Scientific Socialism and InternationalCommunist Movement中*史(含党的学说与党的建设) History of the Communist Party of China(including the Doctrine of China Party and Party Building) 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育 Education of Marxist Theory and Education in Ideology and Politics国际政治学 International Politics国际关系学 International Relations外交学 Diplomacy社会学 Sociology社会学 Sociology人口学 Demography人类学 Anthropology民俗学(含中国民间文学) Folklore (including Chinese Folk Literature)民族学 Ethnology民族学 Ethnology马克思主义民族理论与政策 Marxist Ethnic Theory and Policy 中国少数民族经济 Chinese Ethnic Economics中国少数民族史 Chinese Ethnic History中国少数民族艺术 Chinese Ethnic Art教育学 Education教育学 Education Science教育学原理 Educational Principle课程与教学论 Curriculum and Teaching Methodology教育史 History of Education比较教育学 Comparative Education学前教育学 Pre-school Education高等教育学 Higher Education成人教育学 Adult Education职业技术教育学 Vocational and Technical Education特殊教育学 Special Education教育技术学 Education Technology心理学 Psychology基础心理学 Basic Psychology发展与心理学 Developmental and Educational Psychology应用心理学 Applied Psychology体育学 Science of Physical Culture and Sports体育人文社会学 Humane and Sociological Science of Sports 运动人体科学 Human Movement Science体育教育训练学 Theory of Sports Pedagogy and Training民族传统体育学 Science of Ethnic Traditional Sports文学 Literature中国语言文学 Chinese Literature文艺学 Theory of Literature and Art语言学及应用语言学 Linguistics and Applied Linguistics汉语言文字学 Chinese Philology中国古典文献学 Study of Chinese Classical Text中国古代文学 Ancient Chinese Literature中国现当代文学 Modern and Contemporary Chinese Literature 中国少数民族语言文学 Chinese Ethnic Language and Literature比较文学与世界文学 Comparative Literature and World Literature外国语言文学 Foreign Languages and Literatures英语语言文学 English Language and Literature俄语语言文学 Russian Language and Literature法语语言文学 French Language and Literature德语语言文学 German Language and Literature日语语言文学 Japanese Language and Literature印度语言文学 Indian Language and Literature西班牙语语言文学 Spanish Language and Literature阿拉伯语语言文学 Arabic Language and Literature欧洲语言文学 European Language and Literature亚非语言文学 Asian-African Language and Literature外国语言学及应用语言学 Linguistics and Applied Linguistics in Foreign Languages新闻传播学 Journalism and Communication新闻学 Journalism传播学 Communication艺术学 Art艺术学 Art Theory音乐学 Music美术学 Fine Arts设计艺术学 Artistic Design戏剧戏曲学 Theater and Chinese Traditional Opera电影学 Film广播电视艺术学 Radio and television Art舞蹈学 Dance历史学 History历史学 History史学理论及史学史 Historical Theories and History of Historical Science考古学及博物馆学 Archaeology and Museology历史地理学 Historical Geography历史文献学(含敦煌学、古文字学) Studies of Historical Literature (includingPaleography and Studies of Dunhuang)专门史 History of Particular Subjects中国古代史 Ancient Chinese History中国近现代史 Modern and Contemporary Chinese History世界史 World History理学 Natural Science数学 Mathematics基础数学 Fundamental Mathematics计算数学 Computational Mathematics概率论与数理统计 Probability and Mathematical Statistics 应用数学 Applied mathematics运筹学与控制论 Operational Research and Cybernetics物理学 Physics理论物理 Theoretical Physics粒子物理与原子核物理 Particle Physics and Nuclear Physics原子与分子物理 Atomic and Molecular Physics等离子体物理 Plasma Physics凝聚态物理 Condensed Matter Physics声学 Acoustics光学 Optics无线电物理 Radio Physics化学 Chemistry无机化学 Inorganic Chemistry分析化学 Analytical Chemistry有机化学 Organic Chemistry物理化学（含化学物理） Physical Chemistry (including Chemical Physics)高分子化学与物理 Chemistry and Physics of Polymers天文学 Astronomy天体物理 Astrophysics天体测量与天体力学 Astrometry and Celestial Mechanics地理学 Geography自然地理学 Physical Geography人文地理学 Human Geography地图学与地理信息系统 Cartography and Geography Information System大气科学 Atmospheric Sciences气象学 Meteorology大气物理学与大气环境 Atmospheric Physics and Atmospheric Environment海洋科学 Marine Sciences物理海洋学 Physical Oceanography海洋化学 Marine Chemistry海洋生理学 Marine Biology海洋地质学 Marine Geology地球物理学 Geophysics固体地球物理学 Solid Earth Physics空间物理学 Space Physics地质学 Geology矿物学、岩石学、矿床学 Mineralogy, Petrology, Mineral Deposit Geology地球化学 Geochemistry古生物学与地层学（含古人类学） Paleontology and Stratigraphy (including Paleoanthropology)构造地质学 Structural Geology第四纪地质学 Quaternary Geology生物学 Biology植物学 Botany动物学 Zoology生理学 Physiology水生生物学 Hydrobiology微生物学 Microbiology神经生物学 Neurobiology遗传学 Genetics发育生物学 Developmental Biology细胞生物学 Cell Biology生物化学与分子生物学 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 生物物理学 Biophysics生态学 Ecology系统科学 Systems Science系统理论 Systems Theory系统分析与集成 Systems Analysis and Integration科学技术史 History of Science and Technology工学 Engineering力学 Mechanics一般力学与力学基础 General and Fundamental Mechanics固体力学 Solid Mechanics流体力学 Fluid Mechanics工程力学 Engineering Mechanics机械工程 Mechanical Engineering机械制造及其自动化 Mechanical Manufacture and Automation 机械电子工程 Mechatronic Engineering机械设计与理论 Mechanical Design and Theory车辆工程 Vehicle Engineering光学工程 Optical Engineering仪器科学与技术 Instrument Science and Technology精密仪器及机械 Precision Instrument and Machinery测试计量技术及仪器 Measuring and Testing Technologies and Instruments材料科学与工程 Materials Science and Engineering材料物理与化学 Materials Physics and Chemistry材料学 Materialogy材料加工工程 Materials Processing Engineering冶金工程 Metallurgical Engineering冶金物理化学 Physical Chemistry of Metallurgy钢铁冶金 Ferrous Metallurgy有色金属冶金 Non-ferrous Metallurgy动力工程及工程热物理 Power Engineering and Engineering Thermophysics工程热物理 Engineering Thermophysics热能工程 Thermal Power Engineering动力机械及工程 Power Machinery and Engineering流体机械及工程 Fluid Machinery and Engineering制冷及低温工程 Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering化工过程机械 Chemical Process Equipment电气工程 Electrical Engineering电机与电器 Electric Machines and Electric Apparatus电力系统及其自动化 Power System and its Automation高电压与绝缘技术 High Voltage and Insulation Technology 电力电子与电力传动 Power Electronics and Power Drives电工理论与新技术 Theory and New Technology of Electrical Engineering电子科学与技术 Electronics Science and Technology物理电子学 Physical Electronics电路与系统 Circuits and Systems微电子学与固体电子学 Microelectronics and Solid State Electronics电磁场与微波技术 Electromagnetic Field and Microwave Technology信息与通信工程 Information and Communication Engineering 通信与信息系统 Communication and Information Systems信号与信息处理 Signal and Information Processing控制科学与工程 Control Science and Engineering控制理论与控制工程 Control Theory and Control Engineering检测技术与自动化装置 Detection Technology and Automatic Equipment系统工程 Systems Engineering模式识别与智能系统 Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Systems导航、制导与控制 Navigation, Guidance and Control计算机科学与技术 Computer Science and Technology计算机软件与理论 Computer Software and Theory计算机系统结构 Computer Systems Organization计算机应用技术 Computer Applied Technology建筑学 Architecture建筑历史与理论 Architectural History and Theory建筑设计及其理论 Architectural Design and Theory城市规划与设计（含风景园林规划与设计） Urban Planning and Design (including Landscape Planning and Design)建筑技术科学 Building Technology Science土木工程 Civil Engineering岩土工程 Geotechnical Engineering结构工程 Structural Engineering市政工程 Municipal Engineering供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程 Heating, Gas Supply, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Engineering防灾减灾工程及防护工程 Disaster Prevention and Reduction Engineering and Protective Engineering桥梁与隧道工程 Bridge and Tunnel Engineering水利工程 Hydraulic Engineering水文学及水资源 Hydrology and Water Resources水力学及河流动力学 Hydraulics and River Dynamics水工结构工程 Hydraulic Structure Engineering水利水电工程 Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering港口、海岸及近海工程 Harbor, Coastal and Offshore Engineering 测绘科学与技术 Surveying and Mapping大地测量学与测量工程 Geodesy and Survey Engineering摄影测量与遥感 Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing地图制图学与地理信息工程 Cartography and Geographic Information Engineering化学工程与技术 Chemical Engineering and Technology化学工程 Chemical Engineering化学工艺 Chemical Technology生物化工 Biochemical Engineering应用化学 Applied Chemistry工业催化 Industrial Catalysis地质资源与地质工程 Geological Resources and Geological Engineering矿产普查与勘探 Mineral Resource Prospecting and Exploration 地球探测与信息技术 Geodetection and Information Technology 地质工程 Geological Engineering矿业工程 Mineral Engineering采矿工程 Mining Engineering矿物加工工程 Mineral Processing Engineering安全技术及工程 Safety Technology and Engineering石油与天然气工程 Oil and Natural Gas Engineering油气井工程 Oil-Gas Well Engineering油气田开发工程 Oil-Gas Field Development Engineering油气储运工程 Oil-Gas Storage and Transportation Engineering 纺织科学与工程 Textile Science and Engineering纺织工程 Textile Engineering纺织材料与纺织品设计 Textile Material and Textiles Design纺织化学与染整工程 Textile Chemistry and Dyeing and Finishing Engineering服装设计与工程 Clothing Design and Engineering轻工技术与工程 The Light Industry Technology and Engineering 制浆造纸工程 Pulp and Paper Engineering制糖工程 Sugar Engineering发酵工程 Fermentation Engineering皮革化学与工程 Leather Chemistry and Engineering交通运输工程 Communication and Transportation Engineering道路与铁道工程 Highway and Railway Engineering交通信息工程及控制 Traffic Information Engineering & Control 交通运输规划与管理 Transportation Planning and Management载运工具运用工程 Vehicle Operation Engineering船舶与海洋工程 Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering船舶与海洋结构物设计制造 Design and Construction of Naval Architecture and Ocean Structure轮机工程 Marine Engine Engineering水声工程 Underwater Acoustics Engineering航空宇航科学与技术 Aeronautical and Astronautical Science and Technology飞行器设计 Flight Vehicle Design航空宇航推进理论与工程 Aerospace Propulsion Theory and Engineering航空宇航器制造工程 Manufacturing Engineering of Aerospace Vehicle人机与环境工程 Man-Machine and Environmental Engineering兵器科学与技术 Armament Science and Technology武器系统与运用工程 Weapon Systems and Utilization Engineering 兵器发射理论与技术 Armament Launch Theory and Technology火炮、自动武器与弹药工程 Artillery, Automatic Gun and Ammunition Engineering军事化学与烟火技术 Military Chemistry and Pyrotechnics核科学与技术 Nuclear Science and Technology核能科学与工程 Nuclear Energy Science and Engineering核燃料循环与材料 Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Materials核技术及应用 Nuclear Technology and Applications辐射防护及环境保护 Radiation and Environmental Protection农业工程 Agricultural Engineering农业机械化工程 Agricultural Mechanization Engineering农业水土工程 Agricultural Water-Soil Engineering农业生物环境与能源工程 Agricultural Biological Environmental and Energy Engineering农业电气化与自动化 Agricultural Electrification and Automation林业工程 Forestry Engineering森林工程 Forest Engineering木材科学与技术 Wood Science and Technology林产化学加工工程 Chemical Processing Engineering of Forest Products环境科学与工程 Environmental Science and Engineering环境科学 Environmental Science环境工程 Environmental Engineering生物医学工程 Biomedical Engineering食品科学与工程 Food Science and Engineering食品科学 Food Science粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程 Cereals, Oils and Vegetable Protein Engineering农产品加工及贮藏工程 Processing and Storage of Agriculture Products水产品加工及贮藏工程 Processing and Storage of Aquatic Products农学 Agriculture作物学 Crop Science作物栽培学与耕作学 Crop Cultivation and Farming System作物遗传育种学 Crop Genetics and Breeding园艺学 Horticulture果树学 Pomology蔬菜学 Olericulture茶学 Tea Science农业资源利用学 Utilization Science of Agricultural Resources 土壤学 Soil Science植物营养学 Plant Nutrition植物保护学 Plant Protection植物病理学 Plant Pathology农业昆虫与害虫防治 Agricultural Entomology and Pest Control 农药学 Pesticide Science畜牧学 Animal Science动物遗传育种与繁殖 Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Science动物营养与饲料科学 Animal Nutrition and Feed Science草业科学 Practaculture Science特种经济动物饲养学（含蚕、蜂等） The Rearing of Special-type EconomicAnimals (including Silkworm, Honeybees, etc.)兽医学 Veterinary Medicine基础兽医学 Basic Veterinary Medicine预防兽医学 Preventive Veterinary Medicine临床兽医学 Clinical Veterinary Medicine林学 Forestry林木遗传育种学 Forest Tree Genetics and Breeding森林培育学 Silviculture森林保护学 Forest Protection森林经理学 Forest Management野生动植物保护与利用 Wildlife Conservation and Utilization 园林植物与观赏园艺 Ornamental Plants and Horticulture水土保持与荒漠化防治 Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating水产学 Fisheries Science水产养殖学 Aquaculture Science捕捞学 Fishing Science渔业资源学 Science of Fisheries Resources医学 Medicine基础医学 Basic Medicine人体解剖与组织胚胎学 Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology 免疫学 Immunology病原生物学 Pathogenic Organisms病理学与病理生理学 Pathology and Pathophysiology法医学 Forensic Medicine放射医学 Radiation Medicine航空航天与航海医学 Aerospace and Nautical medicine临床医学 Clinical Medicine内科学（含心血管病学、血液病学、呼吸系病学、消化系病学、内分泌与代谢病学、肾脏病学、风湿病学、传染病学） Internal medicine (including Cardiology, Hematology, Respiratory, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nephrology, Rheuma-tology, Infectious Diseases)儿科学 Pediatrics老年医学 Geriatrics神经病学 Neurology精神病与精神卫生学 Psychiatry and Mental Health皮肤病与性病学 Dermatology and Venereology影像医学与核医学 Imaging and Nuclear Medicine临床检验诊断学 Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics护理学 Nursing外科学（含普通外科学、骨外科学、泌尿外科学、胸心血管外科学、神经外科学、整形外科学、烧伤外科学、野战外科学） Surgery (General Surgery, Orthopedics, Urology, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Neurosurgery, Plastic Surgery, Burn Surgery, Field Surgery)妇产科学 Obstetrics and Gynecology眼科学 Ophthalmic Specialty耳鼻咽喉科学 Otolaryngology肿瘤学 Oncology康复医学与理疗学 Rehabilitation Medicine & Physical Therapy 运动医学 Sports Medicine麻醉学 Anesthesiology急诊医学 Emergency Medicine口腔医学 Stomatology口腔基础医学 Basic Science of Stomatology口腔临床医学 Clinical Science of Stomatology公共卫生与预防医学 Public Health and Preventive Medicine 流行病与卫生统计学 Epidemiology and Health Statistics劳动卫生与环境卫生学 Occupational and Environmental Health 营养与食品卫生学 Nutrition and Food Hygiene儿少卫生与妇幼保健学 Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health 卫生毒理学 Hygiene Toxicology军事预防医学 Military Preventive Medicine中医学 Chinese Medicine中医基础理论 Basic Theories of Chinese Medicine中医临床基础 Clinical Foundation of Chinese Medicine中医医史文献 History and Literature of Chinese Medicine方剂学 Formulas of Chinese Medicine中医诊断学 Diagnostics of Chinese Medicine中医内科学 Chinese Internal Medicine中医外科学 Surgery of Chinese Medicine中医骨伤科学 Orthopedics of Chinese Medicine中医妇科学 Gynecology of Chinese Medicine中医儿科学 Pediatrics of Chinese Medicine中医五官科学 Ophthalmology and Otolaryngoloy of Chinese Medicine针灸推拿学 Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Tuina of Chinese medicine民族医学 Ethnomedicine中西医结合医学 Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine中西医结合基础医学 Basic Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative中西医结合临床医学 Clinical Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine药学 Pharmaceutical Science药物化学 Medicinal Chemistry药剂学 Pharmaceutics生药学 Pharmacognosy药物分析学 Pharmaceutical Analysis微生物与生化药学 Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy药理学 Pharmacology中药学 Science of Chinese Pharmacology军事学 Military Science军事思想学及军事历史学 Military Thought and Military History 军事思想学 Military Thought军事历史学 Military History战略学 Science of Strategy军事战略学 Military Strategy战争动员学 War Mobilization战役学 Science of Operations联合战役学 Joint Operation军种战役学（含第二炮兵战役学） Armed Service Operation (including Operation of Strategic Missile Force)战术学 Science of Tactics合同战术学 Combined-Arms Tactics兵种战术学 Branch Tactics军队指挥学 Science of Command作战指挥学 Combat Command军事运筹学 Military Operation Research军事通信学 Military Communication军事情报学 Military Intelligence密码学 Cryptography军事教育训练学（含军事体育学） Military Education and Training (including Military Physical Training)军制学 Science of Military System军事组织编制学 Military Organizational System军队管理学 Military Management军队政治工作学 Science of Military Political Work军事后勤学与军事装备学 Science of Military Logistics and Military Equipment军事后勤学 Military Logistics后方专业勤务 Rear Special Service军事装备学 Military Equipment管理学 Management Science管理科学与工程 Management Science and Engineering工商管理学 Science of Business Administration会计学 Accounting企业管理学（含财务管理、市场营销学、人力资源管理学） Corporate Management (including Financial Management, Marketing, and Human Resources Management)旅游管理学 Tourist Management技术经济及管理学 Technology Economy and Management农林经济管理学 Agricultural and Forestry Economics & Management农业经济管理学 Agricultural Economics & Management林业经济管理学 Forestry Economics & Management公共管理学 Science of Public Management行政管理学 Administration Management社会医学与卫生事业管理学 Social Medicine and Health Management教育经济与管理学 Educational Economy and Management社会保障学 Social Security土地资源管理学 Land Resource Management图书馆、情报与档案学 Science of Library, Information and Archival图书馆学 Library Science情报学 Information Science档案学 Archival Science。
道路工程英语词汇
公路干道highway工程工程学engineering公路工程highway engineering路基roadbase路面pavement['peivmənt]构造物建造构成制造construct施工（名）construction试验室laboratory ['læbrə'tɔri]现场检测field test（名）试验检验（不）进行试验experiment试验检测测量test质量上流社会的quality ['kwɒlɪtɪ]合格，取得资格qualify材料material沥青柏油以沥青铺（一般指沥青路）asphalt ['æsfælt]沥青（指原材料）bitumen ['bɪtjʊmən]沥青的bituminous沥青混合料bituminous mixture混凝土concrete钢筋混凝土RC (reinforced concrete)信誉信用贷款credit进度快慢tempo计划plan评定evaluation检查（名）检验inspection标准水准规格标准的合格的standard技术性的工业的technical技术技巧技术的工艺的专门的technic水泥cement碎石路碎石路macadam砂砾碎石砂砾层gravel钢筋reinforcing steel bar或reinfored steel石石头石场石的石制的stone检查员inspector测量（名）measuring测量（及）检测（及）勘测测绘（名）survey设备仪器装置device申请application铺路工人paver加强reinforce（被加强的reinforced ）sign 签字署名通知list 表名册目录列举tabulation 制表列表表格mapping 绘图制图camera 照相机photo 照片给。
拍照拍照lime 石灰petrol 汽油diesel-oil 柴油planer 计划者planed 有计划的根据计划的pile 柱桩把桩打入用桩支撑weld 焊接焊牢焊接点welder 焊接者焊工laborer 劳动者劳工辅助工manpower 人力劳动力人力资源雇佣使用利用employ职业租用受雇employment项目条款item关税税款税impostresign 放弃辞去辞职document 公文文件证件time limit from project 工期weighbridge 地磅台秤transbit 经纬仪mention 提到说起表扬career 职业经历skill 技术技能trade 行业商业owe 欠债organization 组织机构团体traffic 交通交往通行交易买卖spend 预算花钱浪费interest 股息股份兴趣cost 费用成本花费wage 薪水报酬earning 工资收入利润cash 现金现款把...兑现tax 税负担向...纳税deficit 赤字不足额业主owner（北美用）、employer（英语国用）发展商（房屋等业主）client 或developer承包商contractor总承包商prime contractor或general contractor 分承包商nominated contractor专业承包商specialist contractor咨询公司consulting firm 或consultants咨询工程师consulting engineer建筑师architect建筑工程经理constraction manager项目经理program manager材料供应商supplier建筑经济学contraction economics亚洲开发银行asian development bank世界银行集团world bank group学会institute协会association组织结构organizational styucture基础设施infrastructure环境environment质量管理体系qulity management system质量方针quality policy质量目标quality objective职能，函数，职务function计量的metrological鉴定qualification评审review效率efficiency验证verification顾客,消费者customer过程process产品product项目,预计的，计划的project程序procedure特性characteristic记录record检验inspection文件document信息information能力capabitily 满意satisfaction投标邀请书invitation for bids公开招标unlimited competitive open biding投标者须知instruction to bidders银行保函bank guarantee担保公司security company支付保函payment guarantee资质说明statement of qualification单位成本cost per unit成本计划cost plan成本价price cost业主要求client´s requirements投标书tender 或bid 或proposal合同条件condition of contract合同协议书agreement图纸drawings工程量表bill of quantities投标保证bid security保价offer开标tender 或bid评标bid evaluation施工项目work items总价合同lump sum contract专题报告subjective report审核audit 审核员auditor测量控制measurement control测量设备measureing equipment技术专家technical expert习惯，惯例custom选择selection确定，决定definition合格conformity不合格nonconformity缺陷defect预防措施preventive action纠正措施corrective action返工rework降级regrade返修repair报废serap让步concession放行release土工格栅geogrid土工布geotextile [,dʒiəu'tekstail 挡土墙Retaining wall[ri'teiniŋ。
交通工程专业英语翻译14-23单元
Unit 14Scheme layout 规划方案traffic schemes交通计划AONB（areas of outstanding natural beauty）著名的自然风景区SSSI（special scientific interest）特殊的科研用地listed buildings 受保护的建筑archaeological sites 考古遗址adherence to 忠诚，坚持turning characteristics 转向性能be recovered from 通过。
的补偿HGV重型货车kerb lines路缘石，路缘线swept paths 加宽车道DoT交通运输部rigid or articulated 刚性的或铰接的车front and rear overhang 前悬和后悬swept area 扫略面积on the major route 主路on the side road 支路channelised layout 渠化方案pelican crossings on the far side 在远处rural 乡下的generous 慷慨的，大方的，有雅量的constraint 约束，强制，局促conservatian 保存，保持，守恒collision 碰撞，冲突condition 条件，情形reroute 变更旅程characteristic 特有的，特征，特性predominate 掌握统治主要的突出口有力的private car 私人汽车manoeuvre 策略调动demountable 可卸下的street furniture 街道家具drawbar 列车间的挂钩wheelbase 轴距车轮接地面积crossroad 十字路十字路口歧途Traffic Planning Steps交通规划步骤（Data collection数据收集Forecasts预测Goal specification明确目标Preparation of alternative plans可选择计划的准备Testing检验Evaluation 评价Implementation实施）Levels（Policy planning政策规划Systems planning系统规划Preliminary engineering初步设施建造Engineering design 建造设计Planning for operations of existing systems or services现存系统运营的设计）Cost estimation 成本估算traffic flow simulation交通流模拟an action plan实施性规划quantitative data数据资料in the light of 按照，根据，当作stratification 层化成层阶层的形成assign 分配指派赋值quantitative 数量的量的transportation improvement 交通运输改善feedback 回授反馈反应deliberate 深思熟虑的故意的null 无效力的，无效的benchmark 基准legislature 立法机关takeover 接收接管transit system 运输系统Conrail 联合铁路公司corridor study 路廊环境研究，高速通道研究deregulation 违反规定Unit 16Four-step planning procedure四阶段规划法：trip generation 出行生成，trip distribution, 出行分布modal split,方式划分traffic assignment交通分配urban transportation planning 城市运输规划transportation facility 运输设施gap 间隙差距Trip rate出行率the target planning years目标规划年trip end 出行端点traffic zone交通小区car trips and public transport trips小汽车和公共交通出行gravity model重力模型centroids traffic zones交通小区形心all-or-nothing assignment 全有全无分配法capacity restrained assignment容量限制分配法multipath proportional assignment多路径概率分配法a measure ofLink impedance路径阻抗interlocking 联锁的favorable 赞成的Unit 17longitudinal spacing纵向间距level terrain 平原地形Rolling terrain丘陵区Mountainous terrain山岭区Crawl speed is the maximum sustained speed that heavy vehicles can maintain on an extended upgrade of a given percent 爬坡速度是重型车辆在一定比例的延长的爬坡段上的最大行驶速度signalization conditions信号控制条件signal phasing信号相位timing配时type of control 控制类型an evaluation of signal progression for each lane group每车道组的信号联动评价的全部规定saturation flow饱和流量saturation flow rate 饱和流率topography 地形学curb 路边account for 说明解决得分estimation 估计，预算，评价Unit 18fatalities.恶性事故motorcycle occupant摩托车成员vehicle-miles traveled车公里poorly timed signals配时不当House of Representatives' Subcommittee众议院Federal aid Highways hearings联邦政府助建公路Unit 19Biographical descriptors个人经历Chronic medical conditions长期医学状况Hearing听力Loss of limb 肢体残疾Vision视力face validity表面效度raw 擦伤处inadvertent 不注意的疏忽的illumination 照明阐明启发Unit 20One-way street单向交通industrial parks工业园区transition areas转向区域circuitous route迂回区域the one-way pair成对的单向街道central business districts 中心商业区residential lot 居民区Unit 21Junction types交叉口类型uncontrolled nonpriority junctions; 不受控制的非优先次序交叉口priority junctions; 优先次序交叉口roundabouts;环形交叉口traffic signals; 交通标志grade separations立体交叉）Traffic sign 交通标志Warning sign 警告标志Regulatory sign 禁止标志Directional informatory sign 方向指示标志other informatory sign 其他指示标志Carriageway narrowing车道狭窄limit capacity限制容量congestion charging拥挤收费innovation solutions革新方案pedestrian crossing人行横道traffic capacity of road道路交通通行能力highway networks 公路网Traffic Management 交通管理innovation solutions 革新方案signal-controlled 信号控制的traffic capacity of road 道路通行能力pedestrian crossing 人行横道Unit 22Traffic Surveillance交通监管field observations 实地观察Electronic surveillance.电子监管Closed-circuit television.闭路电视Aerial surveillance .无线电监管Emergency motorist call systems .驾驶员紧急呼救系统Citizen-band radio .城市广播Police and service patrols巡逻警察服务aerial surveillance 空中监测空中监视predetermined value 预先确定的值，事先规定的值Unit 23Be subject to受制于Parking surveys停车调查（Parking supply survey停车位供应调查Parking usage survey停车场使用情况调查Concentration survey)停车饱和度调查Durationsurvey持续时间调查Parker interview survey停车访问调查）On-and-off-street路边和路外停车trip destination出行终点the trip-maker出行生成者a closed circuit闭循环Unit 24Date to源于，追溯trade-offs交换，平衡positive guidance 正确引导root-mean-square 均方根Saturn 土星Pascal 帕斯卡filter 滤波器man-machine systems 人机系统交通工程专业英语翻译Unit 21 （文拿董德忠戚建国）Traffic Management交通管理Objectives目标Traffic management arose from the need to maximize the capacity of existing highway networks within finite budget and, therefore, with a minimum of new construction. Methods, which were often seen as a quick fix, required innovation solutions and new technical developments. Many of the techniques devised affected traditional highway engineering and launched imaginative and cost effective junction designs Introduction of signal-controlled pedestriancrossings not only improved the safety of pedestrians on busy roads but improved the traffic capacity of roads by not allowing pedestrians to dominate the crossing point.交通管理起源于这样一种需要，那就是在预算有限的情况下，以最少的新建工程项目，最大限度的提高现有道路网的通行能力。
公路桥梁专业词汇英语翻译
桥梁bridge公路干道highway工程工程学engineering公路工程highway engineering路基roadbase路面pavement构造物建造构成制造construct施工（名）construction试验室laboratory现场检测field test（名）试验检验（不）进行试验experiment 试验检测测量test质量上流社会的quality合格，取得资格qualify材料material沥青柏油以沥青铺（一般指沥青路）asphalt 沥青（指原材料）bitumen沥青的bituminous沥青混合料bituminous mixture混凝土concrete钢筋混凝土RC (reinforced concrete)信誉信用贷款credit进度快慢tempo计划plan评定evaluation检查（名）检验inspection标准水准规格标准的合格的standard技术性的工业的technical技术技巧技术的工艺的专门的technic水泥cement碎石路碎石路macadam砂砾碎石砂砾层gravel钢筋reinforcing steel bar或reinfored steel石石头石场石的石制的stone检查员inspector测量（名）measuring测量（及）检测（及）勘测测绘（名）survey 设备仪器装置device申请application铺路工人paver经理manager加强reinforce（被加强的reinforced ）sign 签字署名通知list 表名册目录列举tabulation 制表列表表格mapping 绘图制图camera 照相机photo 照片给。
拍照拍照lime 石灰petrol 汽油diesel-oil 柴油planer 计划者planed 有计划的根据计划的pile 柱桩把桩打入用桩支撑weld 焊接焊牢焊接点welder 焊接者焊工laborer 劳动者劳工辅助工manpower 人力劳动力人力资源雇佣使用利用employ职业租用受雇employment项目条款item关税税款税impostresign 放弃辞去辞职document 公文文件证件time limit from project 工期weighbridge 地磅台秤transbit 经纬仪mention 提到说起表扬career 职业经历skill 技术技能trade 行业商业owe 欠债organization 组织机构团体traffic 交通交往通行交易买卖spend 预算花钱浪费interest 股息股份兴趣cost 费用成本花费wage 薪水报酬earning 工资收入利润cash 现金现款把...兑现tax 税负担向...纳税deficit 赤字不足额业主owner（北美用）、employer（英语国用）发展商（房屋等业主）client 或developer承包商contractor总承包商prime contractor或general contractor 分承包商nominated contractor专业承包商specialist contractor咨询公司consulting firm 或consultants咨询工程师consulting engineer建筑师architect建筑工程经理constraction manager项目经理program manager材料供应商supplier建筑经济学contraction economics亚洲开发银行asian development bank世界银行集团world bank group学会institute协会association组织结构organizational styucture基础设施infrastructure环境environment质量管理体系qulity management system 质量方针quality policy质量目标quality objective职能，函数，职务function计量的metrological鉴定qualification评审review效率efficiency验证verification顾客,消费者customer过程process产品product项目,预计的，计划的project程序procedure特性characteristic记录record检验inspection文件document信息information能力capabitily 满意satisfaction投标邀请书invitation for bids公开招标unlimited competitive open biding 投标者须知instruction to bidders银行保函bank guarantee担保公司security company支付保函payment guarantee资质说明statement of qualification单位成本cost per unit成本计划cost plan成本价price cost业主要求client´s requirements投标书tender 或bid 或proposal 合同条件condition of contract合同协议书agreement图纸drawings工程量表bill of quantities投标保证bid security保价offer开标tender 或bid评标bid evaluation施工项目work items总价合同lump sum contract专题报告subjective report审核audit 审核员auditor测量控制measurement control测量设备measureing equipment技术专家technical expert习惯，惯例custom选择selection确定，决定definition合格conformity不合格nonconformity缺陷defect预防措施preventive action纠正措施corrective action返工rework降级regrade返修repair报废serap让步concession放行release。
道路工程专业英语翻译
13.4交织区域的分析Weavin g areashave been the subjec t of a greatdeal of resear ch sincethe late 1960s,yet many featur es o f curren t proced uresrely heavil y on judgme nt. This is primar i l y due to the greatdiffic ultyin and cost of collec tingcompre hensi ve data on weavin g operat ions. Weavin g areascoversignif icant length s and genera lly requir e videot aping from elevat ed vantag e points or time-linked separa te observ ation of entrya n d e x i t termin als and visual matchi ng of vehicl es. Furthe r, thereare a largenumber of variab les affect ing weavin g operat ions,and,theref ore, a largenumber of sitesreflec tingthesevariab les wouldneed to be observ ed.自20世纪60年代后期就对交织区域问题进行了大量的研究,然而，许多现行规程的特点主要还是依赖于判断。
这主要是由于在交织运作方面的全面的数据收集存在极大的困难和成本。
专业英语(交通、道路、建筑)词典
10-kph pace , 10-kph速差间距20-pen graphic recorder , 20笔图形记录器3 phase , 三时相30HV(1) , 第30最高小时交通量: 30th Highest Hurly V olume30HV(2), 第30最高小时交通量: Thirteenth Highest Hourly Volume30th Highest Hurly Volume , 第30最高小时交通量: 30HV3-Centered Compound Curve Centerline , 三心复曲线3-Leg Interchange , 三路立体交叉3-Leg Intersection , 三路交叉4 phase with overlaps , 四时相重叠时相4-Leg Interchange , 四路立体交叉4-Leg Intersections , 四路交叉A, AA.M. Peak Period , 早上尖峰时段AADT , 年平均每日交通量: Annual Average Daily TrafficAASHO , 美国州公路官员协会: American Association of State Highway Officials （注:于1975年改为AASHTO）AASHTO , 美国州公路与运输官员协会: American Association of State Highway and Transportation OfficialsAbsolute speed limit , 绝对速限Abutment , 桥台；桥座Abutting property , 邻街建筑物AC , 沥青混凝土: Asphalt ConcreteAcceleration Grade , 加速坡度Acceleration lane , 加速车道Acceleration Lane , 加速车道Acceleration Resistance , 加速阻力Accelerative start-forced return , 加速进行超车—强迫紧急返回原车道Accelerative start-voluntary return , 加速进行超车—随意从容返回原车道Acceptable gap , 可接受间距Access , 出入口Access Control , 出入管制；进出管制Access Lane , 出入车道Access Network , 接取网络Access ramp , 出入引道Access road , 连络道Access Road System , 连络道路系统Access-Controlled Highway , 出入管制公路Accessibility , 可及性Accident (Crash) Occurrence , 事故发生Accident (Crash) Rate , 事故率Accident (Crash) Severity , 事故严重性Accident , 肇事；事故；意外事件Accident Analysis , 事故分析；意外分析；肇事分析Accident Assessment , 事故鉴定Accident Casualty , 事故伤亡Accident Cause , 事故原因Accident Characteristics , 肇事特性Accident Consequences , 意外事故的后果Accident Hazardous Location , 易肇祸路段Accident Investigation , 事故调查Accident Involvement Rate , 肇事牵连率Accident Liability Assessment , 事故责任鉴定Accident Management , 意外管理Accident Prevention , 肇事预防Accident Prone Location , 易肇事地点Accident Proneness , 肇事倾向Accident Rate , 肇事率Accident Reconstruction , 事故重建Accident Risk , 事故风险Accident Severity , 事故严重度Accident-severity ratio , 肇事严重性比率Accreditation , 认证；核准Accumulate vehicle-second , 累计车—秒数Accuracy , 精度ACI(1) , 感音吸收力: Acoustic absorptivityACI(2) , 美国混凝土学会；美国混凝土研究会: American Concrete InstituteACI(3) , 自动货物辨识: Automatic Cargo IdentificationAcoustic absorptivity , 感音吸收力: ACIActive Warning Device , 主动警告设施Actual flow rate , 实际车流率Actual travel time , 实际行驶时间Actuated Signal , 触动式控制Adaptive Control , 调适性控制Adaptive route choice , 适应性路线选择Adaptive signal , 适应性号志Adaptive signal control , 适应性号志控制Adaptive signal control strategy , 适应性号志控制策略Added turning lane , 转向车道ADIS , 先进驾驶人信息系统: Advanced driverinformation systemAdit , 横坑Adjustment factor , 调整因子Adjustment Flow , 调整流量ADT(1) , 平均每月交通量: Annual Daily Traffic ADT(2) , 平均每日交通量: Average Daily Traffic Adult guard , 成人导护Advance warning marking , 早期警告标线Advanced driver information system , 先进驾驶人信息系统: ADISAdvanced payment , 预付款Advanced Public Transportation Services , 先进大众运输服务；先进公共运输系统: APTSAdvanced public transportation system , 先进公共运输系统；高等旅客信息系统Advanced Traffic Management Services , 先进交通管理服务: ATMSAdvanced traffic management system , 先进的交通管理系统；高等交通管理系统: ATMSAdvanced Traveler Information Services , 先进旅行者信息服务: ATISAdvanced Vehicle Control and Safety Services , 先进车辆控制及安全服务: A VCSSAdvanced vehicle control system , 先进车辆控制系统Advance-green design , 早开绿灯设计Advancing effect , 前进效应Advancing shoring method , 支撑先进工法Adverse slope , 逆坡Aeolian Soil , 风积土Aerial camera , 航空摄影机Aerial leveling , 航空水平测量Aerial Map , 航测图Aerial perspective , 鸟啖图；空中透视Aerial photogrammetric target , 航空标Aerial photogrammetry , 航空摄影测量Aerial Photography , 航空摄影术Aerial Survey , 航空测量；空中测量Aerial Tramway , 空中缆车Aerocamera , 航空摄影机Aerotriangulation , 空中三角测量AFD , 架构流向图: Architectural Flow DiagramAge distribution of vehicle , 车龄分布Aggregate , 粒料、骨材（名词）；聚集的（形容词）Aggregate Interlock , 粒料连锁Aggregate Spreader , 粒料撤布机Aggregate Subbase , 粒料级配底层Aggregate Texture , 粒状组织AGVS , 汽车自动导向系统: Automated guided vehicle systemAHS , 自动公路系统: Automatic Highway System AI , 美国沥青协会: Asphalt InstituteAID , 自动事件侦测: Automatic Incident Detection Air quality monitoring station , 空气品质监测站Air Release Valve , 气阀Air resistance , 空气阻力Air-dried Sand , 风干之沙Air-Entraining Cement , 输气水泥Alcohol involved accident rate , 涉及酒精之肇事率Algorithm , 算法则Alidade Stadia Method , 照准测距法Alignment , 路线配置；排列；定线；线向；路线Alignment Design , 路线设计；定线设计Alkaline , 碱性反应All-day Service , 全天候服务All-Directional Interchanges , 全直接交叉型交流道Alley , 巷；道Allied Soil , 杂质土All-night parking , 整夜停车Allowable Bearing Capacity , 容许承载量Allowable Bearing Stress , 容许承载应力Allowable load , 容许载重Allowable Load Repetition , 容许荷重次数Allowable settlement , 容许沉陷量Allowable stress , 容许应力All-red Interval , 全红时段Alluvial Silts Colloidal , 胶质体冲积粉土Alternate Design , 比较设计；变换设计Alternate Method , 替代方法Alternate signal system , 互亮（换）号志系统Alternate System , 迭亮系统Alternative(s) , 替代（换）方案Amber Arrow , 箭头黄灯Amber Flashing , 闪光黄灯Amber light, 黄灯American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, 美国州公路与运输官员协会: AASHTOAmerican Association of State Highway Officials , 美国州公路官员协会: AASHO （注：于1975年改为AASHTO）American Concrete Institute , 美国混凝土学会；美国混凝土研究会: ACIAmerican Federal Highway Administration , 美国联邦公路总署: FHWAAmerican Institute of Transportation Engineers , 美国交通工程师学会: ITEAmerican Road and Transportation Builders' Association, 美国公路与运输承造人协会: ARTBA American Society for Testing and Materials , 美国试验及材料协会: ASTMAmerican Society of Civil Engineers , 美国土木工程师协会: ASCEAmount of light , 光量Amplification , 放大Amplification effect , 放大效应Amplification factor , 载重放大因子Amplifier , 扩大器Anew Issue License , 补照；补牌Anew Issue Plate , 补牌Angle collision , 角撞Angle of Coverage , 视角Angle of Deflection , 偏角Angle of Friction , 摩擦角Angle of internal friction , 内摩擦角Angle of intersecting , 交车角度Angle of repose , 静止角；安息角Angle of Turn , 转向角Angle parking , 斜角停车Angular acceleration , 角加速度Anionic Asphalt Emulsions , 阴离子乳化沥青Announced Land Current Value , 公告土地现值Annual Average Daily Traffic , 年平均每日交通量: AADTAnnual budget , 年度预算Annual Daily Traffic , 平均每月交通量: ADT Annual Highway Cost , 公路年费；公路年金Annual Illumination , 计算平均照度Annual Parking Duration , 平均停车延时Annual Parking Space Occupancy , 平均车位使用率Annual Traffic , 年交通量Annual Turn-over Rate , 平均车位小时使用率Annuity Bond , 年金法公债API , 应用程序接口: Application Program Interface Apparent Specific Gravity , 虚比重Apparent-deflection , 视挠度Application Program Interface , 应用程序接口: API Approach , 邻近路口之路段；引桥；引道Approach Delay , 邻近路段延滞Approach end , 邻近端Approach fill, 引道Approach lane, 引道Approach pit , 导坑Approach road , 引道Approach road , 引道；引路Approach slab , 引道版Approach speed , 邻近速率Approach to obstructions , 近障碍物线Approach way , 邻近路段Approach, 引道Appropriate measures , 适当防制措施Approved with conditions , 有条件通过审查Approximate speed , 近似速率Apron space , 运转空间APTS , 先进大众运输服务；先进公共运输系统: Advanced Public Transportation Services Aquaplaning, 水滑作用Aqueduct tunnel, 导水隧道Arbitrary Proportioning , 固定比例法Arbitration , 仲裁Arc , 弧线Arc/path incidence matrix , 路段/路径指引矩阵Arcade , 骑楼Arch bridge , 拱桥Arch Bridges , 指向标线Arch Culverts , 指针式Arching , 拱效应Architectural , 建筑Architectural Flow Diagram , 架构流向图: AFD Archived Data Application , 归档资料应用Area computation by coordinate method , 面积计算坐标法Area Control , 区域控制Area of potential collision , 潜在碰撞区域Area Rule , 面杖法Area traffic control , 重点交通管制Area Traffic Control System , 区域交通控制系统Areawide intercarrier consolidation system , 地区货运业并装系统Areawide System Control , 全区域控制Arrival Intervals , 到达间距Arrival pattern , 到达型态Arrival rate , 到达率Arrival time , 到达时间Arrival Type , 到达型态ARTBA , 美国公路与运输承造人协会: American Road and Transportation Builders' Association Arterial , 主要干道Arterial Highway , 干线公路Arterial route , 干线Articulated Bus , 双节公车ASCE , 美国土木工程师协会: American Society of Civil EngineersAsphalt , 沥青混凝土（欧洲用语）Asphalt additive , 沥青添加剂Asphalt Base coarse , 沥青底层Asphalt Binder , 沥青（美国用语）；沥青胶泥Asphalt Cement, 沥青（美国用语）；沥青胶泥Asphalt Concrete , 沥青混凝土: ACAsphalt Concrete Finisher , 沥背混凝土铺筑机Asphalt Concrete Mixing Plant , 沥青混凝土拌合厂Asphalt concrete pavement , 沥青混凝土铺面Asphalt content , 沥青含量Asphalt Emulsion , 乳化沥青Asphalt felt , 油毛毡Asphalt Institute , 美国沥青协会: AIAsphalt macadam , 沥青碎石路Asphalt mastic , 沥青胶浆Asphalt Mixing Plant , 沥青拌合场Asphalt mixture , 沥青混合物Asphalt mixture design , 沥青混凝土配比设计Asphalt mixture machine , 沥青拌合机Asphalt mixture, 沥青混合料Asphalt pavement , 沥青混凝土路面Asphalt Pavement , 沥青面路Asphalt pavement, 沥青铺面Asphalt plant , 沥青拌合厂Asphalt surface coarse , 沥青面层Asphalt, 沥青（美国用语）；沥青胶泥Asphaltene , 沥青精Asset and liability , 资产与负债Assignment Network , 指派网络ASTM , 美国试验及材料协会: American Society for Testing and MaterialsAt scene investigation , 肇事现场调查At-Grade Intersection , 平面交叉ATIS , 先进旅行者信息服务: Advanced Traveler Information ServicesAtmospheric Water , 大气水ATMS , 先进的交通管理系统；高等交通管理系统: Advanced traffic management systemATMS , 先进交通管理服务: Advanced Traffic Management ServicesAttainability , 可及度Attendant-parking lot , 雇员服务停车场Attentiveness , 注意力Audible pedestrian signal , 盲人音响号志Audio tone , 低周波讯号Auger , 螺旋钻Auto Restricted Zone , 小型车限行区域Autoclave , 高温高压蒸汽养护Automated guided vehicle system , 汽车自动导向系统: AGVSAutomated Roadside Safety Inspection , 自动化路边安检Automated toll system , 自动化收费系统Automated Vehicle Operation , 自动车辆驾驶Automatic Cam Control , 刮刀的自动控制器Automatic Cargo Identification , 自动货物辨识: ACI Automatic classification , 自动辨识Automatic Highway System , 自动公路系统: AHS Automatic incident detection , 事件自动侦测；意外事故自动侦测Automatic Incident Detection , 自动事件侦测: AID Automatic inspection , 自动检验Automatic level , 自动水准仪Automatic navigation highway system , 自动导航公路系统Automatic routing , 自动绕径Automatic Vehicle Classification , 自动车辆分类: A VCAutomatic vehicle control , 自动车辆驾驶控制Automatic vehicle identification , 车辆自动辨识Automatic Vehicle Identification , 自动车辆辨识: A VIAutomatic vehicle identification system , 自动车辆识别系统Automatic Vehicle Location , 自动车辆定位: A VL Automatic Vehicle Monitoring , 自动车辆监视: A VM Automatic vehicle monitoring system , 自动车辆监测系统Automobile Transportation , 汽车运输Automobile vehicle guiding system , 车辆导引系统Automotive emission control , 汽车排烟管制Autonomous intelligent cruise control , 自主定速控制系统Auxiliary bridge , 便桥Auxiliary Lanes , 辅助车道Auxiliary Marking , 辅助标线Auxiliary sign , 辅助标志A VC , 自动车辆分类: Automatic Vehicle ClassificationA VCSS , 先进车辆控制及安全服务: Advanced Vehicle Control and Safety ServicesAverage Annual Daily Traffic , 年平均每日交通量: AADTAverage Daily Traffic, 平均每日交通量: ADT Average daily volume , 平均日交通量Average delay per vehicle , 每车平均延滞Average Delay Time , 平均延滞时间Average discharge interval , 平均驶离时段Average Headway , 平均间距Average Highway Speed , 平均公路速率Average Kilometer Per Registered Vehicle Per Day , 每营业车辆每日平均行驶里程Average Kms Per Operating Vehicle Per Day , 每实动车辆每日平均行驶里程Average Minimum Headway , 平均最小间距Average Parking Duration , 平均停车延时Average Parking Space Occupancy , 平均车位使用率Average Passenger-Kilometers Per Vehicle Run , 每车次客运密度Average Revenue Per Bus-Kilometer , 每客车公里平均收入Average Revenue Per Passenger , 每旅客平均收入Average Revenue Per Passenger-Kilometer , 每延人公里平均收入Average Revenue Per Ton , 每公吨货物平均收入Average Revenue Per Ton-Kilometer , 每延吨公里平均收入Average Running Speed , 平均行驶速率Average Service Time , 平均服务时间Average Spot Speed , 平均定点速率Average step length , 平均步长Average Transport Distance , 平均运程Average Transport Distance Per Passenger , 每旅客平均运程Average Transport Distance Per Ton , 每吨货物平均运程Average Travel Speed , 平均旅行速度Average Turn-over Rate , 平均车位小时转换率Average Waiting Time , 平均等候时间A VI , 自动车辆辨识: Automatic Vehicle IdentificationA VL , 自动车辆定位: Automatic Vehicle LocationA VM , 自动车辆监视: Automatic Vehicle Monitoring Axle load, 轴重Axle weight , 轴重Azimuth , 方位角；地平经度B, BBack Calculation , 反算Backfill , 回填Backing collision , 倒撞Backing Line , 起拱线Balance Cut and Fill , 均衡挖填Balance Cut and Fill , 挖填之平衡Balanced Cross Section , 平衡断面Balanced earthwork , 土方平衡Ball-bank indicator , 球状倾斜指示器Bank Gravel , 河岸砾石Bank protection , 护岸Banking, 填土Banning of turning movement , 禁止转向Barge , 驳船；平底船Barricade , 拒马Barrier , 护栏；挡音墙Barrier Curb , 栅栏式绿石Barrier Curb , 障碍缘石Barrier System Toll Station , 栅梢制收费站Barrier, 防音墙Base Course , 底层Base Line , 基线Base of slope , 坡底Base-Failure , 底面破坏Basic capacity , 基本容量Basic Fare , 基本运价Basic route arrangement , 基本路线安排法Basic speed rule , 基本路线法令Basic Water Content , 基本含水量Bas-kilometer , 客车行驶里程Batch-Mix Plant , 分盘式拌合厂；衡量式拌合厂BC , 曲线起点: Beginning of CurveBeacon , 信号柱Beacons , 指针Beam Culverts , 梁涵洞Bearing Capacity Factor , 承载量因子Bearing Capacity on Soil , 承压破坏；承力破壤Bearing capacity, 承载量Bearing pile , 支永桩；承载桩；承重椿Bearing Plate , 沼泽区城Bearing stratum , 承载层Bearing Surface , 承载面；平面支承Bearing test , 载重试验Before and after studies , 事前及事后研究Beginning of Curve , 曲线起点: BCBelt Highway , 外环公路Bench Mark , 水准点: BMBend , 弯道Bend, Bend channelBending , 挠曲；弯曲Bending design , 弯道式设计Bending Index , 别曲指数Bending moment , 弯矩Bending stress , 弯曲应力Benefit Assessment , 受益费Benefit Cost Ratio , 益本比Benefit-Factor Method , 利益因素法Benkelman Beam , 彭柯曼梁Benkelman Beam , 彭柯曼梁Bent, 弯道Bentonite , 皂土Berm , 戗堤Berm Ditch , 平台沟Bicycle , 脚踏车Bicycle and motorcycle , 机慢车Bicycle lane system , 脚踏车专用车道系统Bid Bond , 押标金Bid, 投标Bike lane , 脚踏车道Bikeway , 脚踏车专用道Binary Choice , 二项选择Binary Variable , 二进制变量Binder Course , 黏合料；结合层；粘合层Binder Material , 结合料；黏合料Binders , 粘结料Binding Course , 结合层Binomial Arrival , 二项到达Binomial Distribution , 二项分配Bio-film treatment system , 接触曝气法Birds' eye view , 鸟啖图Bit , 钻头Bit Per Second, 每秒传输的位数: bps Bitumen , 沥青Bituminous Joint Fillers , 沥青接缝填充料Bituminous Material , 沥青材料Bituminous mixture , 沥青混合料Bituminous Overlay , 沥青封层Bituminous pavement , 沥青铺面Bituminous Pavement Road , 沥青铺路Bituminous Penetration Macadam , 灌入式沥青路面Bituminous Pressure Distributor , 沥青压力散布机Bituminous Sand Slurry , 沥青沙浆Bituminous Surface Treatment , 沥青表面处理Bituminous Treated Base , 沥青处理底层: BTB Bituminous Treated Sand Gravel , 沥青处理砂砾Bituminous Water Proof Coating , 沥青防水层Black-Hole Effect , 黑洞效应Blast , 开炸Blast Pad , 喷气防护坪Blasting Method , 炸移法Bleeding , 路面冒油Blight proof courses , 病虫害防治Blood alcohol concentration , 血液中酒精浓度Blown Asphalt , 吹制沥青BM , 水准点: Bench MarkBoiling , 砂涌Bonding Agent , 粘着剂Bore , 钻凿Bored pile , 钻掘桩Borehole , 钻孔Boring , 钻探Boring log , 钻孔柱状图Boring machine , 钻机Boring Rod , 钻杆Boring-core , 钻孔岩心Borrow , 借土；借方Borrow area , 借土区Borrow Pit , 借土坑；取土坑Bottle neck control , 瓶颈路段（地点）管制法Bottle Neck Road , 瓶颈段；瓶颈路Bottleneck , 瓶颈Bottom Course , 底层Bottom Flange , 下翼绿Boulder , 卵石Box caisson , 沉箱；箱式沉箱；匣式沉箱Box Culvert , 箱涵；箱形涵洞Box Drain , 水沟渠；匣形沟渠Box girder , 箱形梁bps , 每秒传输的位数: Bit Per SecondBracing , 支撑Bracket / Chassis , 拖架Brake failure, 煞车失灵Brake light , 煞车灯Brake Reaction time , 煞车反应时间；制动反应时间Braking Distance , 剎车视距（停车视距）Braking system , 煞车系统Branch and Bound Algorithm , 分枝界定法Breakaway , 脱离式接头Breakdowns , 故障Breaking of Emulsion , 乳化沥青粘结Breaking Wave , 碎波Breath alcohol concentration , 呼气酒精含量Brick Pavement , 砖铺路面；砖铺面Brick Pavement Road , 砖铺路Brick Road , 砖面路Bridge , 桥梁Bridge Abutment , 桥台Bridge Approach , 桥粱引道Bridge bearing , 桥支承Bridge deck , 桥面板Bridge deck/floor , 桥面Bridge expansion joint , 桥面伸缩缝Bridge floor , 桥面Bridge head , 桥塔Bridge inspection , 桥梁检测Bridge Management System , 桥梁管理系统Bridge pier , 桥墩Bridge railing , 桥栏杆Bridge span , 桥跨Brightness , 照杜；辉杜；明亮度Brightness contrast , 辉度对照比Brittle fracture , 碎裂Brittleness , 脆性；脆度Broken Stone Surface , 碎石路面Broken-back Curve , 断背曲线Broken-Beach Grade Line , 破背坡度线BTB , 沥青处理底层: Bituminous Treated Base Buckling , 挫屈；路面拱起Budget , 预算经费Budgetary estimate , 经费概算Buffer , 缓冲剂；缓冲器Buffer buildings , 缓冲建筑物Buffer distance , 缓冲距离Buffer reach , 缓冲段Buffer time , 缓冲时间Buffer zone , 缓冲带Building Code , 建筑规刖；建筑法规Building Coverage Ratio , 建蔽率；建筑面积比Building Line , 建筑线Built-in Parking Facilities , 建筑物附设停车空间Bulb Type , 球状Bulk Density , 虚松体密度Bulk Specific Gravity , 松比重；容积比重；虚比重Bulkhead , 隔墙；天窗；驳岸；隔舱Bull Dozer , 堆土机Bulldozer , 推土机Bulldozer Blade , 刮刀Bullet-nose , 弹头尖端式Bullet-nose Form , 弹头式Bumper , 保险杆Bundle method , 光束法Bureau of Public Road (renamed to FHWA) , 美国联邦公路局Bus , 大客车Bus Bay , 公车湾Bus company , 公车公司Bus driver , 公车驾驶员Bus driving , 公车运行Bus Exclusive Lane , 公车专用道Bus fare , 公车费率Bus Lane , 公车专用车道Bus management information system , 公车管理信息系统Bus network , 公车路网Bus Operating Rate/Bus Dispatching Rate , 出车率Bus operation , 公车营运Bus operation management , 公车营运管理Bus parking area , 大客车停车场Bus Rapid Transit , 公车捷运Bus ridership , 公车运量Bus route , 公车路线Bus route inquiring system , 公车路线查询系统Bus scheduling , 公车排班Bus speed limits , 公车速限Bus station , 公车停靠站Bus stop spacing , 公车站距Bus Street , 公车专用街道Bus system design , 公车系统设计Bus system, 公车系统Bus Terminal , 公车终站；公车总站；公车场站Bus transit system, 公车系统Bus transportation , 公车运输Bus, 公共汽车Buses , 大客革Bush hammering , 粗面石工Business District , 商业区Business Vehicle , 营业车辆Bus-Kilometer , 客车行驶里程Busway , 公车专用道Butt Joint , 平头接缝Button reflector , 反光钮Buttressed Abutment , 撑式桥台墙Buttressed Retaining Wail , 外支式挡土墙Buttressed Wall , 外支墙Bypass highway , 绕越公路Bypass road , 外环道Bypass route , 绕道路线Bypass Street , 绕越街Bypassing Traffic , 绕越交通Bystreet , 支街C, CC2C , 中心与中心: Center-to-CenterC2F , 中心与现场: Center-to-FieldCab Signal , 车厢号志Cab, 出租车Cable Car, 空中缆车Cable stayed bridge , 斜张桥；斜索桥Cable Suspension Bridge , 索桥Cableway , 空中缆车Caboose , 车务员专用车Cadastral map , 地籍图Cadastral Survey , 地籍测量California Bearing Ratio , 加州乘载力比: CBR Canal Aqueduct , 输水桥Canal Bridge , 渠桥Canal Tunnel , 输水隧道Cancellation , 注销Candle (Candle Power) , 单位：烛光: Cd; Cp Cantilever Bridges , 悬臂式桥梁Cantilever method , 悬臂工法Cantilever retaining wall , 悬臂挡土墙Cantilever type retaining wall , 悬臂式挡土墙Cap , 桩帽；雷管（俗）Capacitated arc routing problem , 容量限制弦路径车辆行驶问题Capacitated freight distribution , 零担货物运输Capacity , 容量；涵容性Capacity analysis , 容积分析Capacity and level of service analysis , 容量与服务水准分析Capacity constraint, 容量限制Capacity estimation , 容量估计Capacity limitation , 容量极限值Capacity model , 容量模式Capacity of Bus Line , 公车路线容量Capacity reduction factor, 强度折减因子Capacity restriction , 容量限制Capacity utilization , 容量使用率Capillarity , 毛细管作用；毛细管现象Capillary Lift , 毛管水升高度；毛细管水升高度Capital Cost , 公路资本Captive Riders , 无自由选择的乘客Captive Transit Rider , 大众运输固有使用者Car accident, 交通事故Car accreditation system , 车辆认证制度Car body , 车体Car detector, 车辆侦测器Car following model , 跟车模式；自动跟车系统Car navigation system , 汽车导向系统Car Ownership , 汽车持有；汽车持有权Car Pooling, 汽车共乘Car, 车辆Carbon Dioxide , 二氧化碳: CO2Carphone , 车用电话Carpool , 汽车共乘Car-Rental Carrier , 小客车租赁业Carriage , 马车Carrier wave , 载波Carrying capacity , 承载量Casing , 套管Cast stone , 人造石Cast-in-place (CIP) Concrete , 场铸混凝土Cast-in-place pile , 场铸桩Casualty , 伤亡Catalog Service Interface Specification , 目录服务接口规范Catch Basin , 集水井；截流井Catch Drain , 排水沟；截水沟Catch Feeder , 灌溉水道Cathodic method , 阴极防锈法Cationic Asphalt Emulsions , 阳离子乳化沥青Caution Light , 警告灯Caution Sign , 警告标；警告标志Caution Signal , 注意信号；警告号志Cavitations , 孔蚀现象；穴蚀现象CBD , 中心商业区: Central Business DistrictCBR , 加州乘载力比: California Bearing Ratio CCTV , 闭路电视摄影机: Closed Circuit Television CameraCd; Cp , 单位：烛光: Candle (Candle Power)CDL , 大型车辆驾照（16人以上）: Commerical Driver's LicenseCement Grout , 灌水泥浆；水泥灌喷枪Cement grouting , 水泥灌浆Cement mortar , 水泥砂浆Cement Paste , 水泥浆Cement Treated Sand Gravel , 水泥处理砂砾Cencrete Cribbing , 框式混凝土挡土墙Census , 普查Center Frog , k形岔心Center Island , 中央岛Center Line , 中线；中心线Center Line Lane , 中心车道；中央车道Center Line Marking , 中心标线Center Platform (Island Platform) , 岛式站台Center Span , 中央跨孔Center(line) stake , 中心桩Centerline , 中心线Center-to-Center , 中心与中心: C2CCenter-to-Field , 中心与现场: C2FCentral Business District , 中心商业区: CBD Central corridor system , 中央走廊系统Central Cross-Island Highway, 中横公路Central Divider , 中央分向岛Central Island , 分隔岛；中央岛；分向岛Central Mixing Plant , 中央拌合厂Central projection , 中心投影Central Shopping area , 中央商业区Centralized Control System , 集中式控制系统Centralized Traffic Control , 中央行车控制法: CTC Centrifugal force , 离心力Centrifuge Cup , 离心杯Centrifuge Kerosene Equivalent , 离心煤油当量法: CKECertification, 认证；核准Change License , 换照Change of Registration , 变更登记Changeable Message Sign, 信息可变标志: CMS Changeable Speed Limit Sign , 速限可变标志: CSLS Changing Lane , 变换车道Channel , 槽道Channel bend, 弯道Channelization , 槽化Channelization island , 槽化岛Channelized Intersection , 槽化交叉Channelized Intersection , 槽化式交叉；槽化路口Channelizing Island , 槽化岛Channelizing Line , 槽化线；检核点Character arrangement , 文字排列方式Character size , 文字尺寸Characteristic Deflection , 代表性挠度Charging system , 收费系统Charter Bus , 专用游览车Check Point , 检核点Check Valve , 逆止阀Chemical grouting , 药液灌浆Chevron of divergence , 分流式山形条纹Chevron of mergence , 并流式山形条纹Chevron strip , 山形条纹Chief Engineer , 总工程司Child pick-up area , 家长接送区Children-only Bus , 幼童专用车Chinese road sign , 中文道路标志Chord , 弦；弦杆Chord Length , 弦长Chute , 竖槽；陡槽；吊沟Circle , 周期Circle/Roundabout , 圆环Circuit , 环道（测）；电话（电）Circuit-switched Public Data Network , 线路交换公众数据网络: CSPDNCircular Arch , 圆拱；弧拱Circular Curve , 圆曲线；单曲线；圆弧曲线Circular failure , 圆弧型破坏Circular green light , 圆形绿灯Circular rod level , 圆盒水准器Circular sliding surface , 圆弧滑动面Circulation , 通风；交通Circulation Map , 交通图Circulation system , 转乘系统Circumferential street (road) , 外环（环状）道路City Bus , 市区公共汽车City Planning , 都市计画City Planning Commission , 都市计画委员会City Planning Law , 都市计画法City Rebuilding , 都市重建City Transit , 都市大众运输CKE , 离心煤油当量法: Centrifuge Kerosene EquivalentClamshell , 抓式挖土机Classification Count , 分类调查Classification of road , 道路分类Classification of Soil , 土壤分类Clear distance , 净距Clear height , 净空高Clear Span , 净跨距Clear Zone , 清除区Clearance , 净距Clearance Height , 净高Clearance Lost Time , 清道损失时间Clearance time , 清道时间Climate Conditions , 气候情况Climbing Lane , 爬坡道．爬坡车道Clinker , 溶块Close Network , 封闭网络Close System Toll Station , 封闭制收费站Close Tunnel , 隧道区Closed Circuit Television Camera, 闭路电视摄影机: CCTVClosed Loop , 封闭环路Closed Network , 网络系统Closed traverse , 闭合导线Clothoid Curve (Clothide) , 螺旋曲线；克罗梭曲线；罗线形曲线Clover Leaf Interchange , 四叶形交流道；苜蓿叶形交流道CMS , 信息可变标志: Changeable Message Sign CMV , 商业用车: Commercial Motor VehicleCO Detector , 一氧化碳侦测器CO2 , 二氧化碳: Carbon DioxideCoarse Aggregate , 粗粒料；粗骨材Code , 规范；数值Coefficient of friction, 摩擦系数Coefficient of Kinenatic Viscosity , 动粘滞系数Coefficient of kurtosis , 峰度系数Coefficient of Side Friction , 侧犘擦系数Coefficient of Subgrade , 路基抗力系数Coefficient of Utilitization , 照明率: CU Cofferdam , 围堰Cohesion , 凝聚力；黏力；粘结力Cohesion of soil , 土壤之凝聚力Cohesive Value , 凝聚值Cold-Mix Asphalt Concrete , 泠拌沥青混凝土Collector Ditch , 集水沟Collector Road , 连络道路Collector Street , 联络道路Collector-distributor Roads , 集散道Collision , 冲撞；碰撞Collision Accident , 碰撞事故Collision area , 碰撞区Collision diagram , 碰撞图；相横示意因Collision Warning Systems , 碰撞预警系统Color contrast , 色彩对比Color Light Signal , 色灯号志Color quality , 光色品质Combination Truck Tractor-trailer , 联结车Commercial Center , 商业中心Commercial District , 商业区Commercial Fleet Management , 商用车队管理Commercial Motor Vehicle , 商业用车: CMV Commercial Speed , 商业运转速率Commercial Traffic , 商车交通量Commercial Vehicle Electronic Credential Management , 商用车辆电子凭证管理Commercial Vehicle Operating System , 商用车营运系统Commercial Vehicle Operations , 商车营运系统: CVOCommercial Vehicle Operations Services , 商车营运服务: CVOSCommerical Driver's License , 大型车辆驾照（16人以上）: CDLCommodity , 商品Community Center , 杜区中心Community Planning , 社区规画Commuter , 通勤者Commuter Rail, 通勤火车Commuter Rate , 回数费率Commuter Train , 通勤火车Commuting Distance , 通勤距离Compacted Subgrade , 压实路基Compaction , 夯实；压实Compaction effort , 夯实能量Compatibility , 兼容性Compensation , 征收补偿Compensation for Damage , 损失赔偿Compensation for the land price , 地价补偿Complementary Route , 补充路线Complex intersection , 复合适交叉路口Composite Beam , 合成粱；复合粱Composition of Traffic , 交通组成Compound Curve , 复曲线Comprehensive , 整体性Comprehensive parking program , 综合性停车计画Comprehensive Planning , 综合性计画Compressibility of Soil , 土壤压缩性Compression , 压缩；压力Compression Stress , 压应力Compressive Strength , 抗压强度Compulsory Purchase , 征收Computer signal , 计算机号志Computer signal lamp system , 计算机号志系统Computer-Aided Dispatching System , 计算机辅助派车系统Computerized traffic signal system , 计算机化号志系统Concave , 凹Concave Bank , 凹岸Concave curve , 凹形曲线Concave Joint , 四缝Concave-convex , 凹凸形Concentrated load , 集中荷重Concentration time , 集流时间Concentric opposed plane helical ramp , 同心反向螺旋状匝道Concrete , 混凝土Concrete barrier (New Jersey) , 纽泽西（混凝土）护栏Concrete islands , 混凝土交通岛Concrete joint , 混凝土接缝Concrete Mixing , 混凝拌合机Concrete Overlays , 混凝土路面加铺Concrete Pavement , 混凝土路面Concrete pavement , 混凝土铺面Cone , 交通锥Cone of acute vision , 明晰视锥角Cone of glance area , 瞥视锥角范围Cone of sight , 视锥角Conflict , 冲突Conflict analysis , 冲突分析Conflict Area , 冲突区域Conflict lane change , 冲突性变换车道Conflict management , 冲突管理Conflict point , 冲突点Congestion , 拥挤Congestion degree , 拥挤度Congestion delay , 拥挤延滞Congestion dummy variable , 拥挤虚拟变量Congestion pricing , 拥挤定价Congestion Time , 拥挤时间Congestion toll , 拥挤费Conical Surface , 圆锥面Connecting Road , 连络公路Connector , 连接道路Consistency , 稠度Consolidation , 压实；固结；压密Consolidation Rate , 压密率Construction Contract , 工程合约Construction Joint , 施工接缝Construction Load , 施工道路Construction Planning , 施工计画Construction Sign , 施工标志Construction Specification , 施工规范Construction/Maintenance Zone , 施工维修区Contact detector , 接触式侦测器Contact strip , 接触带Container Packing Shed , 货柜并装通栈Container parking area , 联结车停车场Container Trucking Carrier , 货柜运输业Continuous Mixing Plant , 连绩式拌合厂Continuous move-up operation , 连续跟进行为Continuous Station , 长期观测站Continuous V olume-count Program , 长期持续性交通量调查Continuously reinforced concrete pavement , 连续钢筋混凝土路面: CRCPContinuous-Mix Plant , 连续式拌合厂Contour Interval , 等高线间隔；等高距Contour Line , 等高线Contour Map , 等高线图Contours , 等高线Contract , 契约Contract Change order , 契约变更通知Contraction Joint , 收缩接缝Contractor , 承包商Contraflow bus lane , 逆向公车专用道Contributing area , 集水面积Control Count , 控制量交通调查Control of Access , 出入管制Control point comparison , 控制点比较法Control points , 控制点Control Radius , 控制半径Control section , 管制路段Control span , 控制限制Control Station , 控制站Control strategy, 管制策略Control survey, 控制测量Control surveying , 控制测量Controlled Access Highway , 出入管制公路Controller , 控制器Controlling Load , 控制轮重Convenience store , 贩卖区Conventional Roundabout , 传统圆环Conventional Simulcast Radio System , 同频发射共波式无线电话系统Converted traffic , 转乘交通量Convex Function , 凸函数Convex Joint , 凸接缝Conveyer , 输送机Conviction , 违规Convoy , 车队Cooperative Planning , 合作规划Coordinate scheduling , 协调排班Coordinated control , 连锁控制Coordinated Control Signal , 连锁控制号志Cordon Count , 周界交通量调查；内圈交通量调查Cordon Line , 区域线；周界线Corridor , 交通通廊Corridor Control , 通廊控制Cost of Service , 服务成本Count-down pedestrian signal , 行人倒数计时显示器Counter flow , 对向车流Counter map , 等量线图Counter Wall , 等高线Country road , 乡道Courier service , 快递服务Covered Conduit , 暗渠Covered Ditch , 加盖暗沟CPM , 要径法: Critical Path MethodCrack Spacing , 裂纹间距Crash , 冲撞；碰撞Crawling lane , 爬坡道CRCP , 连续钢筋混凝土路面: Continuously reinforced concrete pavement Creep , 潜变Crest Vertical Curve , 凸形竖曲线Crew scheduling , 人员排程Crib retaining wall , 框条式挡土墙Critical bottleneck , 关键瓶颈Critical gap , 临界间距Critical Length of Grade , 披道临界长度Critical Path , 要径Critical Path Method , 要径法: CPMCritical Point , 临界点Critical rate of flow , 临界流率Critical Slope , 临界坡度Critical speed , 临界速度Critical Speed , 临界速率Critical Zone , 临界区Crop , 露头Cross road , 十字路口；交叉路；十字路Cross Section , 断面；横断面；截面Cross Slope , 横向坡度Cross walk , 行人穿越道Crossing , 穿越Crossing facility , 穿越设施Crossing maneuver , 交叉穿越运行Crossing point , 交会点Crossing rate , 穿越率cross-section leveling , 断面测量Crosswalk Line , 行人穿越道线Crowding , 拥挤Crown , 路拱；路冠Crown Ditch , 坡顶截流沟Crown line , 路拱线Crude Oil , 原油Cruise control , 自动控速Crusher , 碎石机CSLS , 速限可变标志: Changeable Speed Limit Sign CSPDN , 线路交换公众数据网络: Circuit-switched Public Data NetworkCTC , 中央行车控制法: Centralized Traffic Control CU , 照明率: Coefficient of UtilitizationCubic Parabola , 二次拋物线Cul-De-Sac , 死巷Culvert , 涵洞；箱涵Curb , 缘石；路边石；护角Curb Bus Lane , 设于路缘之公车专用车道Curb ditch , 路缘浅沟Curb inlet , 路缘进水口；绿石进水口。
英语学习：道路的种类
英语学习：道路的种类1，在城市出现之前，有“小路”：way；footway；pathway；path；bypath；footpath；trail；alley；2，城市出现之后，有“街道”和“公路”：road（南北向）；street（东西向）；street scene；avenue；boulevard；thoroughfare；3，人行道：footwalk；footway；footpath；walkway；side pavement；sideway；sidewalk；trottoir；4，车道：lane；traffic lane；fast lane；drive；carriage drive；carriageway；driveway；roadway；highway；trafficway；highroad；5，大楼、车船、飞机里面，有过道、走道或通道：passageway；pass；enterclose；gallery；drong；tunnel；alure；row；key hole；lead；tube；passage；channel；pavement；walk；aisleway；aisle；6，城市里面有小巷：alleyway；by-lane；allée；alley；holing-through；7，市内或市间的高速公路：highway；expressway；express；8，各种有轨车辆的路：railway；railroad；rail；tram road；tramway；9，轮船飞机的固定航线：waterway；water route；aquage；gullet；channel；air line；air route；route；airway；shipping line；itinerary；azimuth；trajectory；course line；course；flight course；lane；line；sea route；skyway；10，旅游景点有特殊的道路：tour route；cruise lines；travelling line；scenic route；duck-board；ghat；mountain road；cableway；blondim；ropeway；11，农村有乡间小路：countrylane；lane；country club；country road；narrow pass；narrow winding trail；narrow track；narrow winding path；12，下水道：sewer；gully drain；cloaca；kennel；covered drain；13，一些“虚拟”的路：network（网路）；train of thought （思路）；electric circuit（电路）；light path（光路）；trajectory （弹道）；vagina（女人之路）；14，专业通道：private channel（专用通道）；fire passage （消防通道）；exit passageway（安全通道）；emergency exit；emergency access；escape route（紧急通道）；escape trunk；tunnel escape；means of escape（逃生通道）；green channel；hyperchannel（快速通道）；handicapped access（残疾人通道）；underground passage（地下通道）；15，一些特殊的路：the Milky Way（银河）；the Silk Road （丝绸之路）；orient express （东方快车）；the path of the dead （死亡之路）；the road to revival（复兴之路）；the road of health（健康之路）；love's way（爱情之路）；the way to heaven （天堂之路）；the road to perdition（地狱之路）；the road to success（成功之路）。
交通专业英语翻译英文部分
ABSTRACTModeling of user traffic and the mobility impact of mobile users onto cellular networks is considered. The quality of service and traffic- handling capacity offered by the network play the most important roles. This article discusses the requirements on a traffic model and on performance design objectives which can be used as a basis for designing and engineering cellular networks. Requirements from actual network operation are discussed and are illustrated by measurement results.Traffic Engineering Experience from Operating Cellular Networkscurrent digital cellular networks are showing rapid growth, and a new generation of cellular networks is already under research . A network operator, situated at the interface between mobile users and equipment suppliers, must develop appropriate strategies:To design the network in the most favorable way, selecting the optimum technical equipmentTo engineer the network efficientlyTo offer a high quality of service to mobile usersSome of these objectives are conflicting and require appropriate compromises. Obviously, a traffic model is required which allows to map user density and mobility onto user and signaling traffic demand at the various defined network interfaces. On the other hand, criteria for quality of service and performance have to be established, which form the guidelines for designing and engineering the network.The international standardization process involves a number of recommendations as well as service quality and performance issues which are referred to in this article. In a perspective is given on the ITU-T (Telecommunication Standardization Sector of the International Telecommunications Union) work in teletraffic engineering. Reference describes the development of standards in the area of personal communications and traffic engineering. A multiplic ity of excellent scientific papers deal with the impact of mobility on the performance of cellular networks. However, a consistent concept, covering the overall engineering and operating aspects of a real network, seems not to be considered. Such a model may include the elements shown in Fig. 1.Two inputs of the model take into account the behavior of the mobile user:A call traffic model, describing the usage of offered services. This model includes, for example, procedures for call handling and operation of supplementary services.A mobility traffic model, describing the occurrence of procedures such as location updating and handoverFurthermore, a network model is required that specifies the reference points for user information and signaling traffic, and provides parameters to be used in an optimization process for the network organization.These inputs allow calculation of the reference loads for individual network elements. Together with appropriate performance parameters, the capacities of the network and the network elements can be evaluated and tested.The elements of the model are discussed in the following sections. A network example is presented in the second section by referring to a well established network standard. In the third section user behavior is discussed based on selected field measurements. In the fourth section reference loads of individual network elements are considered using the mobile user and his/her behavior as the basic engineering unit. Performance objectives are treated in, and finally conclusions are given in the final section.NETWORK MODELfigure 1 shows a standalone configuration of a public land mobile network (PLMN). A GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication)-like network is considered as an example. This network is documented in detail in the appropriate literature (e.g.). The following contains a short description of the network elements and interfaces referred to in the fol- lowing sections.Within a base station subsystem (BSS), base transceiver systems (BTSs) provide radio coverage for mobile stations. Several BTSs may be controlled by a centralized base station controller (BSC). The BSC manages the assignment of radio channels and handover between neighboring BTSs, connected to the same BSC.The mobile switching center (MSC) provides the switching functions for its particular area. In the architecture shown in Fig. 2, the MSC also includes management functions for the handover between BSSs connected to the MSC and between different MSCs.In most existing implementations a visitor location register (VLR) and an equipment identity register (EIR) are implemented together with the MSC in the same physical node. These databases provide location registration and screening functions for mobile subscribers and termina1 equipment within the MSC area.The home location register (HLR) is a database used for storing subscriber service data and provides location registration functions for mobile users within the system area.Signaling System No. 7 (SS#7) provides a packet-switching control network connecting the MSC/VLR/EIR and HLR. It also provides a protocol architecture which includes mobile- specific signaling protocols at the application layer.The gateway functions between a PLMN domain and a fixed peer network domain are realized by gateway MSCs (GMSCs) on the PLMN side and gateway exchanges (X:Ns) on the fixed network side (e.g., ISDN: integrated services digital network).The interfaces between network elements are important, since they define the reference points for signaling and user information traffic. Figure 2 shows as an example interface on the radio path (Um), between BTS and BSC (Abis), between BSC and MSC (A), between network elements connected by the SS#7 network (C,D,E), and between the PLMN and fixed peer network (N).The following geographical areas in a PLMN domain are of importance, refer to Fig. 3:Cell (BTS area): active calls and possibly signaling transactions of mobile users entering a new cell must be handed over.BSC area: includes all cells served by one BSC. Handover procedures performed between neighboring cells, connected to one BSC, are controlled by the BSC.Location area (LA): forms a collective of neighboring cells which is stored as location information of mobile users in the VLR. In the case of mobile terminating call attempts or terminating short messages, the destination mobile user is paged in his/her LA.Paging area (PA): defines the collective of all LAs that include cells of the BSC area. The BSC is in charge of generating copies of paging requests for these LAs and must provide sufficient processor capacity.MSC/VLR area: Idle mobile users entering a new VLR area have to register their new location (VLR) in the HLR. Handover procedures performed between neigh- boring cells of different BSCs are controlled by the MSC(s).Due to the mobility of its users, the geographical organization of a PLMN has a major influence on the signaling traffic.TRAFFIC MODELmobile users are sources and consumers of traffic in M cellular networks. It is natural to define a mobile user as the basic unit for the network engineering process. Mobile users make use of cellular networks in multiple ways, and two models are developed: call traffic and mobility traffic. Both models deal with the average behavior of a user, which can be derived from traffic measurements, for example.CALL TRAFFIC MODELThe call traffic model describes the user and signaling impact due to the usage of offered services. It includes procedures like establishment of mobile originating and mobile terminating calls, transmission and reception of short mes- sages, and operation of supplementary services.Measurements show that this part of the traffic is geographically homogeneous. Typical rates of mobile originating call (MOC) and mobile terminating call (MTC) attempts (Fig. 4a) and the mean holding time (Fig. 4b) are shown for various location areas in Germany during the busy hour. The reference interface is the radio interface UmFrom measurements a typical mean ratio of 213 MOCs and 113 MTCs at the radio interface can be verified.The position of the busy hour of user traffic depends on several factors (user type, tariff principles, etc.) Several methods of defining the busy hour exist; here, the method of time- consistent busy hour was used. In a country the size of Germany the busy hour is almost independent of the geographic region.However, user traffic and the sum of call- and mobility-related signaling traffic are not immediately correlated, and may show different busy hours (Fig. 5).For traffic engineering purposes it must be decided whether different busy hours are considered for user traffic and signaling traffic, or both are considered at the busy hour for user traffic.MOBILITY TRAFFIC MODELThe mobility traffic model describes the effects of user mobility on user and signaling traffic. It includes procedures like location updating and handover. In the following, mobility is discussed in general terms and not further broken down into terminal and personal mobility .In Fig. 6 the average location updating (LU) and handover (HO) rate (the reference interface is the radio interface) of a mobile user in the busy hour are given for a metropolitan small cell environment.Mobility-related signaling rates are dependent on location and cell type. Hence, for cell and LA, planning tools are used that take into account transition probabilities of mobile users between neighboring cells . The transition probabilities can be found by measuring the handover structure between neighboring cells. However, comparing cell- by-cell measurements of handover and location updating rates, significant deviation may be discovered (e.g., ratio location updating /handover in cell A19.5, in cell B: 3.5, and in cell C: 2.4). Therefore, cells need further classification, such as metropolitan cells. urban cells, and cells containing high density traffic routes. Attributes of this kind can be stored in a mobility database and used in the actual cell-planning process.For the study of reference configurations, simplified mobility traffic models are useful which give a clear insight into basic relationships. A popular model is described in [9-111. Applying this model to measured location updating and handover rates allows approximation of the mobility-related reference loads for interesting reference configurations.REFERENCE LOADSreference loads represent the load R conditions at the incoming and out- going interfaces of the network elements. They can be based on practical measurements and may be formulated analytically for use in simulations and system testing. The specification of reference loads in cellular networks shows some differences from existing fixed networks.Examples are:A major portion of signaling transactions are independent of call/connection establishment . Therefor e, the characterization of a mobile user by his call attempt rate and traffic value is insufficient.The global behavior of a cellular net- work is composed of the reactions of multiple different network elements.The load generated by individual signaling transactions is determined by optional operator-defined settings,such asapplication of authenticationreallocation of temporary user identitiesa timer for periodic updatingdesign of location and paging areasIn this article only the load caused by switching-related traffic is considered. In a more comprehensive approach, the additional load caused by operation and main-tenance would also be taken into account.REFERENCE INTERFACESIt is essential for the evaluation of traffic event rates and occupancy times that the network interfaces to which these quantities are related be specified. Since most network elements do not measure the required quantities in a direct manner, the measurement results have to be transferred accordingly.In Figs. 7 and 8 two illustrative examples are given showing MOC and MTC attempt flows. The offered traffic streams are split into several substreams at the defined reference interfaces (Fig. 2). The user traffic on the radio interface is carried by traffic channels (TCH), for signaling common control channels (CCCH), and standalone dedicated control channels are used.The splitting ratios are given together with typical values in Table 1.REFERENCE UNITThe evaluation of the reference loads requires the definition of a basic reference unit, which can be applied consistently to all network interfaces. A reasonable unit for cellular net- works, due to its various signaling events and database entries, is one mobile user taken together with hiscall-and mobility-related behavior. This is different from ISDN exchanges, for example, where the definition of reference loads is based on average occupancy of incoming circuits and call attempt rate.POSSIBLE DEFINITIONS OF REFERENCE LOADSReference loads are defined which are used to evaluate the performance of the network elements. Two characteristic load conditions are proposed:Reference load A corresponds to the planned performance of a network element. The interarrival times and service times of communication events are modeled according to negative exponential distributions. This assumption is valid for centralized network elements like the HLR, VLR, MSC, and BSC. For a small BTS ((10 TCHs) this assumption is used by approximation.Reference load B considers higher load demands. A possible approach to model this load is to increase the signaling rates by 20 percent over those of reference load A.In the following, only reference load A is considered further.Reference Load of HLRs - The reference load of an HLR is defined by the maximum capacity of registered subscribers. Applying the call traffic and mobility traffic models gives the signaling load of an HLR.Reference Load of MSC/VLRs - Only combined MSC/VLRs are considered. The reference load, consisting of user and signaling traffic, is determined by the maximum capacity of registered subscribers. It has to be considered that an MSC/VLR may include various functionalities dependent on its use in the network, such as:MSC-F: MSC with normal function serving mobile usersG-IW-F: MSC with gateway func- tion providing specialized inter- faces (e.g., to a short message center),G-I-F: MSC with gateway function providing interfaces toifrom fixed networksR-I-F: MSC with SCCP relay functionT-U-F: MSC with transit functionT-S-F: MSC with transit function for for user traffic SS#7 trafficEspecially for an MSC with transit function, the capacity can be limited by the number of configurable interfaces.Reference Load of BSS - The refer- ence load of a BTS can be derived from the user traffic carried on the provided traffic channels with a predefined block- ing probability. With the user traffic intensity of a mobile user in the busy hour, the maximum number of served users and the signaling traffic can be calculated. The reference load of a BSC is given by the maximum number of mobile users served within the BSC area and their corresponding user and signaling loads.PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVEScellular networks have to guarantee a high quality of service for a large number of mobile users within a given geographical distribution. Therefore, appropriate sets of performance parameters have to be defined and then fulfilled under reference load conditions. In the recommendations of the ITU-T and related international standards four performance concepts are defined:.Quality of service (QoS) describes in general terms the collective effect of service performance as seen by the user.Network performance (NP) describes the abilities of a network or network portion to provide the functions related to communication between usersGrade of service (GoS) defines that portion of NP which measures the adequacy of network resources under rather general traffic conditions .Performance design objectives (PDOs) define performance requirements at the incoming and outgoing inter- faces of the individual network elementsCellular networks consist of a variety of different network elements; in most networks the equipment has been developed by various manufacturers. Therefore, the direction proposed by the concept of PDOs form a reasonable basis for defining performance parameters, since here specific reference loads and the input-output behavior of individual network elements are considered. PDOs can also be used by manufacturers to quantify capacities of individual equipment. It should be possible to verify the performance by system and acceptance tests. A first approach to defining PDOs is made in , but it needs refinement.Examples of performance parameters are system-related failure probabilities (e.g., probability of inadequately processed signaling transactions), processing delays of network elements (e.g., delay of a database access), and transfer delays (e.g., delay for relaying messages). In Table 2 typical values for various types of delay in the MSC/VLR and HLR are given.。
道路英语单词
道路英语单词
表示“道路”的英语单词有三个：Road、path、way.
翻译推荐
道路的viatic
道路road
人工道路made
简单道路simple
道路方程path
道路试验actual
道路系统approach
开辟道路beat
中间道路middle
从属道路tributary
相似单词
road n. 1.路，道路，公路 2.通路 3. 途径；方法；路子 v.[T] 1.在…设置路障
by road 副道,僻路
slip road n. 高速公路进出口的交流道
off road 越野的；路旁的
forest road 森林路
road surface 路面整修机
toll road n. 收费道路
side road n. 支路，旁侧路
B road n. B级公路,乡镇公路
over the road a. 长途运输的
相似短语
by road adv.由公路
on the road adv.在旅途中
for the road 为了送行, 祝一路平安
in the road adv.挡路
country road 乡村之路,乡间的道路
out of the road 越出常规,别开生面,不落俗套royal road n. 捷径,坦途
service road n. 便道
side road n. 旁路
tram road n. 电车道。
道路工程常用语英文
道路第一节一般规定第2。
1.1条道路road供各种车辆和行人等通行的工程设施.按其使用特点分为公路、城市道路、厂矿道路、林区道路及乡村道路等.第2.1。
2条公路highway联结城市、乡村，主要供汽车行驶的具备一定技术条件和设施的道路.第2。
1。
3条城市道路city road；urban road在城市范围内，供车辆及行人通行的具备一定技术条件和设施的道路。
第2.1。
4条厂矿道路factories and mines road主要供工厂、矿山运输车辆通行的道路。
第2。
1.5条林区道路forest road建在林区,主要供各种林业运输工具通行的道路。
第2.1。
6条乡村道路country road建在乡村、农场，主要供行人及各种农业运输工具通行的道路。
第2。
1。
7条道路工程road engineering以道路为对象而进行的规划、勘测、设计、施工等技术活动的全过程及其所从事的工程实体.第2.1.8条道路网road metwork在一定区域内，由各种道路组成的相互联络、交织成网状分布的道路系统。
全部由各级公路组成的称公路网。
在城市范围内由各种道路组成的称城市道路网.第2。
1。
9条道路（网）密度density of road network在一定区域内，道路网的总里程与该区域面积的比值。
第2。
1。
10条道路技术标准technical standard of road根据道路的性质、交通量及其所处地点的自然条件，确定道路应达到的各项技术指标和规定.第2。
1.11条设计车辆design vehicle道路设计所采用的汽车车型，以其外廓尺寸、重量、运转特性等特征作为道路设计的依据。
第2。
1。
12条特种车辆special vehicle外廓尺寸、重量等方面超过设计车辆限界的及特殊用途的车辆.第2。
1.13条计算行车速度（设计车速）design speed道路几何设计（包括平曲线半径、纵坡、视距等）所采用的行车速度。
交通工程专业英语词汇(整理版)
交通工程专业英语词汇(整理版)1. Infrastructure 架构，基础设施2. Highway 高速公路3. Road 路，街道4. Street 道路，街道5. Freeway 高速公路6. Expressway 高速公路7. Lane 车道8. Intersection 十字路口9. Bridge 桥10. Tunnel 隧道11. Roundabout 环状交叉路口12. Overpass 高架桥13. Underpass 地下通道14. Shoulder 路肩15. Sidewalk 人行道16. Traffic congestion 交通拥堵17. Traffic flow 交通流量18. Traffic signal 交通信号灯19. Traffic light 交通信号灯20. Pedestrian 行人21. Bicycle 自行车22. Parking 停车23. Ramp 匝道24. Flyover 天桥25. Crosswalk 人行横道26. Speed limit 限速27. Road sign 路牌28. Traffic control 交通控制29. Traffic regulation 交通规则30. Roadway 车道31. Curb 道缘石32. Median 隔离带33. Right of way 优先通行权34. Traffic safety 交通安全35. Transport transportation 运输36. Public transportation 公共交通37. Car vehicle 汽车38. Bus 公交车39. Taxi 出租车40. Motorbike 摩托车41. Scooter 踏板摩托车42. Truck 卡车43. Pedestrian zone 步行区44. Road construction 道路施工45. Traffic accident 交通事故46. Traffic police 交警以上是一些交通工程专业常用的英语词汇，希望对您有所帮助。
英语分类词汇：各种各样路的表达
英语分类词汇：各种各样路的表达Road：从A到B的路都能够叫RoadStreet：城市里东西方向的街道Avenue：林荫大道，或者是南北方向的街道Plaza/Square：某个开阔空间(比如广场)周围的道路Circle：圆形道路，通常围绕着公共空间，意思有点像Square，还有大环线的意思Boulevard：中间或两侧一定有树，通常还很宽敞Lane：单行车道，或者窄巷子Drive：私人汽车道Way：有别于大马路，主干道的小路Court/Place/Close：走不通的死胡同Terrace：成排房子旁边的路Run：河流小溪附近的路Bay：两头连接同一条道路的小路，港湾一样的弧形Crescent：半圆形新月形的那些街道Trail：树林中或树林附近的道路Mews：旁边通常有一排马厩，英国人常用的单词Freeway：不设收费站的高速公路Highway：城市之间的道路Motorway：新西兰，澳大利亚以及英国人的 HighwayInterstate：美国人州与州之间的道路Turnpike：Highway 上有收费站和服务区的一段路 (Pike 指收费的公路)Parkway：主干道，通常还是装点过的道路;Highway上设有交通灯的一段路也叫 ParkwayCauseway：横跨河流的堤道Circuit/Speedway：这两个词用法差不多，指环形道，赛车跑道Gardens：(用于街道、街区等地名中)街，园，广场，英国英语的用法View：通往山顶的那段路Byway：远离主干道，是次要的偏僻道路Spur：和 Byway 类似，是主干道支道Bypass：除了表达和 Byway 类似的意思，还能表示人口聚集地周围的交通枢纽道路Cove：一条窄小的道路，附近有高山或者水流Beltway：城市环形公路Quay：毗邻河流旁边的混凝土道路Crossing：两条道路的交叉口Alley：胡同，小巷，两边一定有建筑Wynd：英国人对 Alley 的古老说法Point：山上的走不通的小径Esplanade：滨海步行道路Landing：这条路靠近码头，过去是船舶着陆卸货品的地方Walk：只准步行的人行道Grove：树林里的路Copse：树林里的小路，Small GroveTrace：经常有人走动的小径Laneway：经常有人走动的乡间道路，四周通常有私家车开过的痕迹Channel：连接两个巨大水体的海峡通道，或者是沿着海峡的道路Grange：农庄道路Park：城市公园中的道路Mill：磨坊附近的小路Expressway：城市快速干道，美国英语的用法Roundabout/Traffic circle：环形交通枢纽Parade：比一般道路要宽很多，历举办过*的道路Row：一边或是两边有成排的房子Chase：私人猎场中的道路Branch：道路的分支。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
1）工程是一门专业，这意味着，工程师必须有一个专门的大学教育。
许多政府的司法管辖区也有需要工科毕业生通过考试，类似律师考试，才可以积极对自己的职业生涯开始的发牌程序。
（2）在大学，数学，物理和化学着重强调整个工程的课程，但特别是在头两年或三年。
数学是非常重要的，在工程的所有分支的，所以它大大强调。
今天，数学课程统计，收集，分类，并利用数值数据或信息。
概率统计数学的一个重要的方面是，会发生什么事时有不同的因素或变量，可以改变一个问题的结果。
之前进行的桥梁建设，例如，统计研究的交通量，预计大桥将处理。
在设计的桥梁，如供水压力的基础上，影响的变量，不同风的力量，以及许多其他因素的影响必须加以考虑。
（3）参与解决这些问题，因为大量的计算，计算机编程是现在包含在几乎所有的工程课程。
计算机，当然可以解决许多问题，不是一个人可以以更快的速度和准确性的计算。
但电脑是无用的，除非他们获得了清晰，准确的指示和信息，换句话说，一个好的方案。
（4）尽管技术在工程课程科目的重，目前的趋势是，要求学生在社会科学和语言艺术课程。
工程和社会之间的关系越来越密切，它是足够的，因此，再说一次，由一名工程师完成的工作影响在许多不同的和重要的方式，他或她应该知道的的社会。
一名工程师，也需要足够的语言命令，能够编写报告都清楚，在许多情况下，有说服力的。
从事研究的工程师需要能够写他或她的科学出版物的结果。
（5）最后两年的工程计划，包括了学生的专业领域内的主体。
这些专业课的学生，正准备成为一名土木工程师，可处理为大地测量，土力学，或液压等科目。
（6）主动为工程师招聘往往开始前，学生在大学的最后一年。
许多不同的公司和政府机构都争先工程师的服务，在最近几年。
在今天的科学面向社会，技术培训的人，当然，在需求。
年轻的工程师可以选择进入环境或卫生工程，例如，环境问题创造了许多开口，或者他们可以选择专业，在公路工程的施工企业，或他们可能更愿意与政府机构，处理工作水资源。
事实上，选择多样。
（7）当年轻的工程师终于开始实际操作中，在大学中获得的理论知识必须加以应用。
他或她可能会被分配在开始工作的工程师团队。
因此，在职培训可以被收购，这将证明他或她的能力转化为实践的理论监事。
8研究是科学和工程实践的最重要方面之一。
一位研究人员通常工作与其他科学家和工程师队伍。
他或她通常是受雇于一个实验室，是由政府或行业的资助。
与土木工程研究领域包括土壤稳定技术，新型结构材料的发展和测试。
9土木工程的研究工作，设计，施工监理，维修，甚至在销售或管理。
这些领域都涉及不同的职责，各有侧重，不同用途的工程师和新的结构材料的发展和测试。
10土木工程项目几乎都是独特的，每个人都有自己的问题和设计特点的。
因此，认真研究每个项目的设计工作开始之前。
这项研究包括了选址的地形和底土的特性的调查。
它还包括一个考虑可能的替代方案，如混凝土重力坝或填土堤坝，。
每一个可能的选择中所涉及的经济因素也必须加以权衡。
11今天，研究通常包括项目的环境影响的考虑。
许多工程师，通常作为一个团队，其中包括测量师，土力学专家，并在设计和建造的专家，参与这些可行性研究。
（12）其中，许多民间工程师在该领域的顶尖人才，在设计工作，正如我们已经看到，土木工程师的工作在许多不同种类的结构，所以它是一名工程师，专注于只是一种正常的做法。
在设计建筑物，工程师们常常工作作为建筑或建筑公司的顾问。
水坝，桥梁，供水系统等大型项目，通常聘请几个工程师，他们的工作是谁负责的厂房和设备的系统工程师协调。
在其他情况下，民间工程师分配工作在其他领域的项目;在太空计划，例如，民间工程师在发射台和火箭的储存设施的设计和建造这种结构必要的。
13）建设是一个复杂的过程，几乎所有工程项目。
它涉及到调度工作，并利用设备和材料，使成本保持尽可能低的。
安全系数也必须考虑到，由于施工是非常危险的。
因此，许多民间工程师在施工阶段。
14土木工程师的工作大部分是在户外，经常在崎岖，地势险要，或在危险的。
测量是门职业，例如，水坝往往建在野生的河谷或峡谷。
的桥梁，隧道，和正在建设的摩天大楼，也可以是危险的地方工作。
此外，工作也必须取得进展的各种天气条件下。
准公务员工程师应意识到将他或她的体能要求。
现代建筑和结构材料古代修建的许多伟大的建筑仍然存在并仍在使用中。
其中罗马的万神殿和大斗兽场；伊斯坦布尔的索菲亚大教堂; 法国和英国的哥特式教会和新生大教堂，它们巨大的穹顶，像佛罗伦萨和罗马的圣彼得大教堂。
这些巨型结构用它们厚实的石墙抵抗巨大重量带来的推力。
推力是一个结构的每个部分施加在它的其他部分的压力。
这些伟大的建筑不是数学和物理知识产品。
它们在没有经验和观察依据的基础上被修建起来,通常是不断失败和不断尝试的结果。
它们幸存下来的原因之一是建造它们所用的强度远大于它们实际所需的强度。
但古时的工程师也有他们的失败。
例如在罗马,大多数人民居住在裙房，很多出租房通常达到十层高，这些房子有许多被粗劣的修建并且时常倒塌导致大量的伤亡。
然而今天，工程师不仅仅在经验方面有很大的提高，而且大量的科学数据允许他事先做仔细的推算。
当一位现代工程师设计一个建筑时，他考虑到所有组分材料的总重量。
这就是做恒荷载，是结构自身的重量。
他必须也考虑动荷载，人、车、家具、生活用具和结构正常使用是承载的所有重量。
像桥梁类的结构承载着高速运行的车辆，他必须考虑活荷载施加在结构上的冲击荷载。
他也必须考虑安全的因素，即考虑安全的额外承受能力——使结构强度大于实际的受力强度。
现代工程师必须并且了解结构不同组件所受到的不同力，包括两个完全相反的作用——压力和拉力，在受压状态下材料被压或被推挤在一起；在受拉状态下材料被拉开或和拉长, 正如一根橡皮条一样。
除了拉力和压力，还存在另一种受力状态，称为剪力，它可能存在于垂直平面内, 也可能存在于梁的水平截面内。
在中性面内，既不存在拉力也不存在拉力。
除了拉伸或压缩，另一种力量，即剪切，我们定义为材料断裂沿应力线的倾向，在工作中。
剪切，可能会发生在一个垂直平面，但它也可能沿水平轴的光束，中性面，那里是既不紧张也不压缩运行。
综合起来一共有三种力作用在结构上：垂直方向要么上要么下; 而水平方向则要么左要么右; 这些力使结构产生扭转或者弯曲的变形。
而斜向的力则是水平方向和竖直方向两个力的合力。
土木工程所涉及的力使静力，这些力必须保持平衡。
以竖直方向为例，它们必然相互抵消。
如果一根梁上作用了荷载，那么这根梁必须有足够的强度来抵抗它上面所作用的荷载。
在水平方向的力同样要平衡，这样才不会使构件左右发生移动。
使建筑产生扭转的力就要通过相反方向抵抗扭转的力来平衡。
总而言之，在静力中，所有力都要满足平衡条件。
现代的一个重大的工程失误就是1904年塔科马大桥的崩溃, 这次工程事故的原因使是没有足够仔细考虑这些力作用的持续时间。
当风速超过65公里每小时的强风暴来临时,导致了行车道发生了侧向的移动使这座大桥倒塌。
幸运的使，工程师从失误中吸取教训，所以现在最普遍的做法是，做个模型在风洞里进行桥梁模型的风抵抗试验，从试验中得到大量的有效数据。
更加早期的主要建筑材料是木和石工砖、石头或者瓦片和一些类似的材料。
希腊人和罗马人有时使用铁棍或钳位加强他们的建筑。
以在雅典的Parthenon神庙为例，现在在钻了的孔里面还有生锈了的钢钉。
罗马也使用了由火山灰做的称为pozzolana的自然水泥，在水下变得跟岩石一样坚硬。
钢筋和水泥，现代两种最重要的建筑材料，在19世纪被使用了。
钢由铁和少量的碳组成的合金，在那时从冶炼中得到钢铁作为刀剑有着特殊的用处。
1856年，Bessemer过程发明以后，钢铁可以用低价购买得到。
钢的最大有点就是它的抗拉强度; 即它在一定的拉力下不丢失它的强度，我们知道在很多材料在承受拉力的情况下很容易断裂。
新的合金进一步增加了钢的强度并且消除了钢材在重复的变向力的作用下像容易疲劳的一些缺点。
现代水泥, 叫做波特兰水泥, 1824 年发明了这种水泥。
这是一种石灰石和黏土进过加热然后加工成粉末的混合物，在建设现场它与沙子、集料(小石子、碎石、或石渣), 和水形成混泥土。
混凝土的可塑性非常好; 它可以被浇筑成任何形状的构件。
钢材有抗拉强度好的特点，而混凝土则有抗压强度好的特点。
所以两种材料在一起就发挥各自的有点，而且缺点得到了补充。
他们也以另一种方式互相补充：他们几乎具有相同的膨胀率。
因此他们在压缩和拉伸的作用下可以共同工作。
道路在它受拉的区域预埋已经张拉的钢筋。
他们相互粘结在一起使钢筋不会从混凝土中滑出来。
钢另一有点是钢在混凝土不会生锈。
酸腐蚀钢而混凝土中有一个碱性的环境。
预应力混凝土是钢筋混凝土的一个重要形式。
预应力提供构件必要的抗拉强度。
张拉钢筋先张拉和后张拉两种方法。
预应力混凝土使非常规建筑的发展称为了可能。
像这种相对新的技术一般能得到发展。
当前的一大趋势是发展轻型材料。
例如铝，有着跟钢材一样的性能却比钢材的重度小得多。
铝制的梁已经在桥梁结构和框架结构中得到了应用。
生产与更多高强、耐久和更轻质的混凝土一直在不断的尝试。
使用聚合物在某种程度上能帮助削减具体重量，长纤维状化合物的塑料一直作为混合物一部分。
现代化的建筑和结构材料1 在较早年龄建造了许多伟大的建筑仍然存在，并在使用。
其中，在伊斯坦布尔的圣索菲亚大教堂圣索菲亚在罗马万神殿和斗兽场，法国和英国的哥特式教堂，和文艺复兴时期的大教堂，与他们的伟大的圆顶，在佛罗伦萨和罗马的圣彼得大教堂的一样，他们是进行大规模的结构。
厚厚的石墙，抵消大重量的推力。
推力是由每个部分对其他部分的结构施加压力。
这些伟大的建筑不是数学和物理知识的产品。
他们修建的经验和观察的基础上，而不是通常的试验和错误的结果。
他们幸存下来的原因之一是因为强度大于在大多数情况下所必需的内置的伟大力量。
但更早的时候，工程师们也有自己的失败。
在罗马，例如，大部分人住在岛，大唐块，往往是高10层。
他们中的许多不足构造，有时与生活的大量流失倒塌。
2 然而，今天，工程师不仅经验信息的优势，而且，允许他提前精打细算的科学数据。
当一个现代化的工程师计划的结构，他考虑到其所有部件材料的总重量。
这就是所谓的静负荷，这是结构本身的重量。
他还必须考虑活载，所有的人的重量，汽车，家具，机械，等等，它是在使用时，结构将支持。
在结构，如桥梁，将处理快速汽车交通，他必须考虑的影响，将结构活荷载施加的力量。
他还必须确定的安全系数，也就是一个额外的能力比其他三个因素的结合使结构。
现代工程师还必须了解，在结构材料受到不同的压力。
这些措施包括压缩和紧张相反的压缩力，材料是按下或推一起，在紧张的材料是拉开或拉伸像橡皮筋一样，。
除了拉伸和压缩，另一种力量是在工作，即剪，这是我们定义为材料断裂沿应力线的倾向。