政治词汇(国家各部门)
中国政治常用词汇英语翻译
执法部门law-enforcingdepartments群众组织massorganizations保证将国家机关的工作置于社会的监督下toensuretheworksofstateorganizationsbeputundersocialsupervision深入开展反腐败斗争todeepentheanticorruptioncampaign廉正建设theconstructionofhonestadministering社会主义民主政治的核心是人民当家做主,真正享有法律赋予的各项民主权利.Theessenceandcoreofsocialistdemocraticpoliticsis thatthepeoplearethemastersandtheyreallyenjoyvariousdemocraticrightsendowedbylaws集体领导、民主集中、个别酝酿、会议决定collectiveleadership, democraticcentralism,case-specificconsultation,decisionthroughmeeting全心全意为人民服务、立党为公、执政为民servethepeopleheartandsoul,workforthepublicandassumespowerforthepeople社会主义制度socialistsystem社会变革socialtransformation建设有中国特色的社会主义事业thecauseofbuildingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics中华民族的伟大复兴thegreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenation小康社会、小康生活well-to-dosociety,well-to-dolife四项基本原则FourCardinalPrinciples社会主义初级阶段theprimarystageofsocialism党管干部的原则theprincipleofthePartyassumingtheresponsibilityforcadres’affairs集体领导、民主集中、个别酝酿、会议决定collectiveleadership,democraticcentralism,case-specificconsultation,decisionthroughmeeting基本国策basicstatepolicy精神文明intellectualandideologicaldevelopment物质文明materialprogressc onstructionofacleangovernment廉政建设权利下放delegate/decentralizepowertothelowerlevelss ocialmorality人浮于事overstaffed社会风气社会风尚s ocialgraces;socialgraciousness物质文明materialprogress私abusepowerforpersonalgains以权谋与国际接轨gear⋯tointernationalconventions政企分开separategovernmentfunctionsfromenterprisemanagement 监督部门l aw-enforcingdepartmentsandsupervisory执法institutions中国国情China'sactualconditions综合国力theoverallnationalstrength遵纪守法observedisciplineandabidebythelaw改革开放reformandopenup(totheoutsideworld解放思想、实事求是e mancipatingthemind,seekingtruthfromthefacts全心全意为人民服务、立党为公、执政为民servethepeopleheartandsoul,workforthepublicandassumes powerforthepeople依法治国和以德治国theruleoflawandtheruleofvirtue社会主义物质文明和精神文明materialandspiritualcivilizations ofsocialism人民民主专政thepeople'sdemocraticdictatorship民主集中制、党内民主democraticcentralism,inner-Partydemocracy democraticdecision-making民主决策democraticelections民主选举democraticmanagement民主管理DemocraticProgressiveParty民进党democraticsupervision民主监督DengXiaopingtheory邓小平理论deputytotheNationalPeople'sCongress全国人大代表extensiveandprofound博大精深extravaganceandwaste铺张浪费falsification弄虚作假familyplanning计划生育federationsofindustry工商联梏fettersofsubjectivismandmetaphysics主观主义和形而上学的桎“台独”fightagainst"TaiwanIndependence"反对good-neighborlyrelationship睦邻友好governmentfunctions政府职能governmentinstitutions政府机构governmentintervention政府干预governmentorgans政府机构(have)agoodgovernmentandaunitedpeople政通人和historicbreakthrough历史性突破holdhighthegreatbannerofDengXiaopingtheory高举邓小平理论伟大旗帜honesty诚实守信honestyandhighefficiency廉洁高效HongKongAndMacaospecialadministrativeregions香港、澳门特别行政区ideologicalandmoraleducation思想道德建设intellectuals知识分子intensifyfunctions强化功能internationalorganizations国际性组织internationalsituation国际形势ironoutdifferences化解歧见keeppacewiththetimes与时俱进kingpin支撑long-termpeaceandorder长治久安long-termsocialstabilityandsolidarity长期社会安定团结MaoZedongthought毛泽东思想MarxismLeninism马克思列宁主义massorganizations人民团体mastersofthecountry当家作主materialandculturalneedsofthepeople人民的物质文化需要materialandspiritualcivilization物质文明和精神文明mediaandpublicitywork宣传舆论工作moralkingpin精神支撑morality,intelligence,physiqueandart德智体美nationalrejuvenationthroughscienceandeducation科教兴国nationalreunification祖国统一nationalspirit民族精神negotiationsonpeacefulreunification和平统一谈判neighborhoodcommittee居委会NPCmember人大代表ourcompatriotsinTaiwan台湾同胞patriotsfromallwalksoflife各界爱国人士patrioticdemocraticpersonages爱国民主人士patrioticunitedfront爱国统一战线peaceanddevelopment和平与发展peace,justiceandprogress和平，正义，进步proceedfromournationalconditions从我国国情出发promoteall-roundsocialprogress促进社会全面进步realmofideology意识形态领域reformandopening-up改革开放reform,developmentandstability改革发展稳定rule(run)thecountrybylaw依法治国rule(run)thecountrybyvirtue以德治国runningtheparty,stateandarmy治党治国治军survivalanddevelopment生存和发展sustainabledevelopment可持续发展systemofregionalethnicautonomy民族区域自治制度theChinesepeopleofallethnicgroups全国各族人民thegreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenation中华民族的伟大复兴thepeopleofallsocialstrata社会各阶层人们theprovincialandmunicipal(prefectural)governments省、市（地）两级地方政府twoconferences(NPCandCPPCC)两会（人大，政协）unified,open,competitiveandorderly统一、开放、竞争、有序vigilanceagainstrisks抗风险能力vitality,creativityandcohesionofanation民族的生命力、创造力和凝聚力citizens'participationinpoliticalaffairs公民政治参与civicduty公民职责civilrights/civilliberties公民权利、自由civilservants公务员。
中国特色政治词汇.
第十一章中国特色政治词汇SECTION I: 数字政策和专门词汇“一国两制” “One Country, Two Systems”“一中一台” "One China, One Taiwan"“两个中国” "Two Chinas"（两岸）直接三通Three Direct Links （Mail, Air And Shipping Services And Trade）两千三百万台湾同胞23 Million Taiwan Compatriots两会（人大，政协）Two Conferences （Npc And Cppcc）“三个代表”“Three Represents”“三个代表”重要思想The Important Thought Of Three Represents三八红旗手Woman Pace-Setter三大历史任务The Three Major Historical T asks三个有利于Three Favorables三农问题“ Agriculture, Countryside And Farmer” Issues《中美三个联合公报》The Three Sino-Us Joint Communiqués 四个现代化（农、工、国防、科技）Four Modernizations四项基本原则Four Cardinal Principles四中全会The Fourth Plenary Session和平共处五项原则The Five Principles Of Peaceful Coexistence八项主张The Eight-Point Proposal“八个坚持、八个反对”"Eight Do's" And "Eight Don'ts"“八七”扶贫攻坚计划The Seven-Y ear Program T o Help 80 Million People Out Of Poverty“九五”计划The Ninth Five-Y ear Plan （1996-2000）“十五”计划The T enth Five-Y ear Plan （2001-2005）第十五届中央委员会the 15th central committee of the communist party of china （CPC）十六大16th Party Congress十一届三中全会The Third Plenary Session Of The Eleventh Central Committee“南南合作”“South -South Cooperation”“南北对话”“ North-South Dialog”“台独”，台湾独立"Taiwan Independence"“引进来”和“走出去”政策“Bring In" And "Going Out"SECTION II: 常见特色词汇与表达A爱国民主人士patriotic democratic personages爱国统一战线patriotic united front爱国主义精神patriotism安居乐业live and work in peace and contentment昂扬向上的精神状态an enterprising spirit澳门Macao澳门特别行政区同胞our compatriots in the Macao SAR B霸权主义hegemonism百花齐放a hundred flowers blossom百家争鸣a hundred schools of thought contend边疆稳定the stability in border areas人大常委会the standing committees边远地区remote areas波澜壮阔a magnificent upsurge博大精深extensive and profound不变质never degenerating不断提高人民生活水平constantly better people's lives 不公正不合理unfair and irrational不合时宜的观念的束缚shackles of the outdated notions 不竭动力an inexhaustible motive force不可战胜invincible不可阻挡的历史潮流an irresistible trend of history不迷失方向lose our bearings不平衡uneven不平坦的道路a tortuous course不全面的not all-inclusiveC采取果断措施take resolute measures参政议政participation in and deliberation of state affairs长期共存long-term coexistence长期社会安定团结long-term social stability and solidarity长治久安long-term peace and order朝气蓬勃、奋发有为的领导层energetic and promising leadership诚实守信honesty充分调动和凝聚fully mobilize and rally初步建立take shape initially传统安全威胁traditional threats to security创造力、凝聚力和战斗力creativity, cohesion and fighting capacity辞职制system of resignation从我国国情出发proceed from our national conditions促进共同发展promote common development促进社会全面进步promote all-round social progressD担当重任assuming heavy responsibilities当代the contemporary era当家作主masters of the country当家作主的愿望the wish to be the masters of our country党代会congress of party representatives党的骨干力量backbone of the party党的基本理论、路线和纲领the party's basic theory, line and program党的建设party building党的先进性party's progressiveness党和国家前途命运the destiny of the party and state党和国家事业the cause of the party and state邓小平理论Deng Xiaoping theory邓小平同志逝世the demise of comrade Deng Xiaoping第六位the sixth place第一生产力the primary productive force电子政务E-government调动积极性mobilize the initiative对等的政治实体equal political entities对马克思主义的错误的和教条式的理解erroneous and dogmatic interpretations of Marxism多层次multi-tiered多党合作multiparty cooperation多元化diversify多元社会pluralistic society多种力量diverse forces多重多头执法duplicate law enforcementF法制观念awareness of law法制国家a country with an adequate legal system法治国家a country under the rule of law繁荣、稳定和发展prosperity, stability and development反对“台独” fight against "T aiwan Independence"反对分裂oppose separation反腐倡廉combat corruption and build a clean government防止guard against非传统安全威胁non-traditional threats to security分裂活动splitting activities奋斗目标和任务the objectives and tasks丰富民主形式develop diverse forms of democracy风浪，考验trials and tribulations服务大局serve the overall interests富强民主文明a strong, prosperous, democratic and culturally advanced腹地hinterlandG改革发展稳定reform, development and stability改革开放reform and opening-up肝胆相照treating each other with all sincerity高度团结统一the high degree of unity and solidarity高度自治a high degree of autonomy高举邓小平理论伟大旗帜hold high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping theory高尚的品格lofty character高素质的领导干部队伍high-caliber leading cadres搁置某些政治争议shelve certain political disputes革命化more revolutionary革命老区old revolutionary base areas各地各部门all localities and departments各界爱国人士patriots from all walks of life各界人士personages of all circles各尽其能、各得其所又和谐相处well positioned, do their best and live in harmony各民主党派the democratic parties各人民团体people's organizations各种分裂图谋attempts to split the country根本利益fundamental interests工人，农民workers and farmers工人阶级队伍the working class in china工商联federations of industry公民权利、自由civil rights / civil liberties公民政治参与citizens' participation in political affairs公民职责civic duty公平和正义fairness and justice公务员civil servants公务员制度system of public servants公正透明fairness and transparency公职人员the public servants巩固和提高to consolidate and uplift顾全大局bear in mind the overall interests官僚主义作风the bureaucratic style of work贯彻implement光辉史册的一页a glorious page in the annals光明和进步brightness and progress光荣的爱国主义传统a glorious patriotic tradition广阔的发展空间broad space for development广纳群贤gather large numbers of talented people国防national defense国防实力national defense capabilities国际局势风云变幻a highly volatile international situation 国际性组织international organizations国家的主权和安全state sovereignty and security国家关系state-to-state relations国人民的共同愿望common aspirations of all peoples国土资源综合整治comprehensive improvement of land and resources国务院State Council过渡期transition, transitional periodH扞卫safeguard和平，正义，进步peace, justice and progress和平统一peaceful reunification和平统一谈判negotiations on peaceful reunification和平与发展peace and development和谐并存harmonious coexistence很不平凡的历程an extraordinary course弘扬carry forward弘扬和培育民族精神carry forward and cultivate the national spirit弘扬时代主旋律highlight the themes of the times化解歧见iron out differences恢复两岸对话resume the cross-straits dialogueJ积极性和创造性initiative and creativity基本行为准则basic code of conduct基层民主democracy at the grassroots level基础设施工程infrastructure projects激励和保障机制an incentive and guarantee mechanism集体主义collectivism集中智慧和力量pool the wisdom and strength计划生育family planning计划生育基本国策the basic state policies of family planning继往开来carry forward our cause into the future加快推进社会主义现代化speed up socialist modernization加强和改进党的作风建设the improvement of the party's work style加入世贸accession /entrance / entry to WTO家庭联产承包责任制the household contract responsibility system坚持统一persist in reunification坚定不移no wavering坚定地站（在）stand firm坚强柱石a staunch pillar简政放权streamline administration and delegate power建设（资源）节约型社会build a conservation-minded society讲求实效pursuing practical results降低农业税税率reduce agricultural tax rate接续产业alternative industries解放思想emancipating the mind解决台湾问题settlement of the question of T aiwan解决香港问题和澳门问题resolve the questions of Hong Kong and Macao戒急用忍overcome impetuosity and exercise patience紧密团结在党中央周围rally closely around the party central committee经受withstand精神文明建设spiritual civilization精神支撑moral kingpin井然有序in an orderly way/ fashion居安思危stay prepared against adversities in times of peace居民生活质量quality of life of the residents居委会neighborhood committee巨大的优越性great superiority决策的随意性arbitrary decision-making决策机制decision-making mechanism军队建设army building军队现代化modernization of the army军民团结solidarity between the army and the people军人和干部servicemen and cadres军政团结solidarity between the army and the governmentK开创新局面create a new situation开发式扶贫development-oriented poverty relief开局良好a good start开拓创新blazing new trails in a pioneering spirit开展对话to conduct dialogue抗风险能力vigilance against risks科教兴国national rejuvenation through science and education 可持续发展sustainable development克服不利影响overcame the adverse effects空前巨大的困难和压力unprecedented difficulties and pressure 恐怖主义危害scourge of terrorism宽领域wide-ranging困难群众people in straitened circumstances扩大交流交往expand mutual contacts and exchangesL来之不易的成绩hard-won achievements老工业基地old industrial bases老三届junior and senior high school graduates of 1966~1968理论创新theoretical innovation力量force力量之源the source of its （the party’s）strength历史性跨越a historic leap历史性突破historic breakthrough立党之本the foundation for building our party连续性和稳定性consistency and stability廉洁高效honesty and high efficiency廉政建设build a clean and honest government粮食流通体制grain distribution system两岸关系cross-straits relations两岸谈判cross-straits negotiations领导方式和执政方式way of leadership and governance 领土完整territorial integrity路线the line落后于时代fall behind the timesM马克思列宁主义Marxism Leninism马克思主义基本原理the basic tenets of Marxism马克思主义执政党a Marxist ruling party毛泽东思想Mao Zedong thought迷信superstition民兵the militia民进党Democratic Progressive Party民生people's livelihood民主法制democracy and the legal system民主管理democratic management民主集中制democratic centralism民主监督democratic supervision民主监督democratic supervision民主决策democratic decision-making民主团结、生动活泼、安定和谐democracy, solidarity, liveliness, stability and harmony民主选举democratic elections民主制度the systems of democracy民族、宗教事务ethnic, religious affairs民族的生命力、创造力和凝聚力vitality, creativity and cohesion of a nation民族进步the progress of a nation民族精神national spirit民族矛盾ethnic contradictions民族凝聚力the cohesion of the nation民族区域自治regional autonomy of ethnic minorities民族区域自治制度system of regional ethnic autonomy民族委员会ethnic affairs commission民族文化大省a province with rich ethnic culture民族优越感ethnocentrism模糊战略indistinct strategy睦邻友好good-neighborly relationshipN内政外交国防domestic and foreign affairs and national defense 能上能下prepared for both promotion and demotion农村扶贫开发to alleviate rural poverty through development农村税费改革reform of rural taxes and administrative charges 农业、农村和农民问题problems facing agriculture, rural areas and farmers农业和农村工作agriculture and rural work农业基础地位agriculture as the foundation of the economy弄虚作假falsificationP培养人才personnel training贫困群众people in financial difficulties平稳过渡the smooth transition of power铺张浪费extravagance and waste普选制general election systemQ前提prerequisite欠发达地区less developed areas强化功能intensify functions强强联手i win -win co-operation强权政治power politics侨胞overseas Chinese侨务工作overseas Chinese affairs切积极因素all positive factors勤劳勇敢industry and courage求同存异seek common ground while shelving differences区域性组织regional organizations曲折的道路tortuous road取长补短draw upon one another's strong points取得丰硕成果yield substantial results取得了巨大成就scored tremendous achievements取消农业特产税repeal taxes on special agricultural products全党all the party members; whole party全党集体智慧的结晶the crystallization of the party's collective wisdom全方位all-dimensional全国各族人民the Chinese people of all nationalities; people of all ethnic groups of the country全国人大代表deputy to the National People's Congress全国政协the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference全会plenary sessions全面建设小康社会build a well-off society in an all-round way; building a moderately prosperous society in all respects全面展开in full swing权责脱节divorce between powers and responsibilities群众the general publicR人大People's Congresses人大代表NPC member人大精神the spirit of the congress人尽其才put sb. to the best use人力资源优势得到充分发挥 a full display of advantages in human resources人民的物质文化需要material and cultural needs of the people 人民民主专政the people's democratic dictatorship人民生活更加殷实upgrade the texture of life for the people人民团体mass organizations人民政协the Chinese people's political consultative conference （CPPCC）人心向背the trend of popular sentiment人员往来personnel exchanges人员臃肿overstaffing任期制system of fixed tenures日益增长ever-growing荣辱与共sharing weal and woeS三权分立separation of the executive, legislative and judicial powers少数民族ethnic minorities少数民族聚居区areas inhabited by ethnic minorities社会保障体系social security system社会保障体系比较健全a fairly sound social security system社会各方面all quarters of the society社会各阶层人们the people of all social strata社会管理social administration社会科学social sciences社会可承受的程度the sustainability of the general public社会其他阶层人们members of other social strata社会治安public order社会主义初级阶段the primary stage of Socialism社会主义法制Socialist legal system社会主义民主政治Socialist democracy社会主义事业Socialist cause深刻阐述，详细说明expound审视自己self-examination生存和发展survival and development生活方式，生活作风life style胜利前进forge ahead triumphantly省、市（地）两级地方政府the provincial and municipal （prefectural）governments十五计划《纲要》outline for the tenth five-year时代潮流的前头forefront of the times时代的主题themes of our era实事求是seek truth from facts实现推进现代化建设to propel the modernization drive始终贯彻persistent implementation世界观world outlook事业undertakings事业兴衰the success of our cause适时适度at the proper time and to an appropriate degree手足兄弟brothers and sisters of the same blood顺应时代潮流conform to the trend of the times思想道德建设ideological and moral education诉讼程序judicial proceedingsT台湾当局the T aiwan authorities台湾分裂势力T aiwan separatist forces台湾海峡T aiwan straits台湾同胞T aiwan compatriots台湾问题the T aiwan question贪污腐败corruption提高竞争力sharpen the competitive edge同心同德，艰苦奋斗work hard with one heart and one mind统一、开放、竞争、有序unified, open, competitive and orderly 团结和带领unite with and lead （sb.）团结统一unity and solidarity推动社会全面进步speed up all-round social progress推进propel推进西部大开发advance the development of the western region 妥善处理各方面的利益关系properly balance the interests of all quarters拓宽领域broaden the fields of endeavorW完成祖国统一to achieve national reunification完全地实现祖国的统一the complete realization of thereunification of the motherland完善自己self-improvement万众一心work with one heart and one mind微调fine-tuning违法必究law-breakers must be prosecuted唯一标准the sole criterion维护世界和平与促进共同发展to safeguard world peace and promote common development卫生体育事业health and sports undertakings温饱工程adequate food and clothing program稳步推进steady progress我国的国际地位china's international standing我国的跨世纪发展china's cross-century development我国综合国力china's overall national strength无党派人士personages without party affiliation五年内取消农业税rescind agricultural taxes in five years武警the armed police务实pragmatic物质文明和精神文明material and spiritual civilizationX吸引力和感召力attraction and appeal先发制人战略preemptive strategy先富起来的人们people who have become rich first现代化建设modernization drive宪法the constitution宪法修正案amendments to the Constitution相对优势comparative advantages相辅相成complement each other香港、澳门特别行政区Hong Kong And Macao special administrative regions香港和澳门回归祖国the return of Hong Kong And Macao to the motherland香港特别行政区同胞our compatriots in the Hong Kong SAR消除文盲eliminate illiteracy小康社会a well-off society小康水平a well-off standard新的里程碑a new milestone新民主主义new democracy行使当家作主的权利exercise their rights as the masters of the country行使主权the exercise of sovereignty行政管理体制改革administrative restructuring形成观念foster notions形式主义formalism形势逼人pressing situation宣传舆论工作media and publicity workY严重曲折serious setbacks严重政治风波serious political disturbances一个中国原则the one-china principle一贯主张consistent position一起抓place equal emphasis on一些党的领导干部some leading cadres in our party依法治国rule （run）the country by law以德治国rule （run）the country by virtue以爱国主义为核心centering on patriotism以胡锦涛同志为核心的中共中央委员会CCCP with Comrade Hu Jintao at the core意识形态领域realm of ideology迎难而上brave difficulties拥军support the army（拥军）优属give preferential treatment to the families of servicemen and martyrs拥政support the government永享太平enjoy a lasting peace永远不变的军魂the eternal soul of the army用人失察责任追究accountability for neglect of supervisory duty用人失误责任追究accountability for the use of the wrong person优化结构optimize structure优化升级optimize and upgrade有法必依the laws observed有法可依there are laws to go by舆论监督supervisory function of the media与人民群众共命运shares weal and woe with the people与时代发展同步伐advances with the times与时俱进keep pace with the times源远流长with a long h story behind itZ在曲折中发展developing amidst twists and turns增加了解increase understanding增强忧患意识be mindful of potential danger战略部署strategic plan战略性调整strategic adjustment整顿和规范to be rectified and standardized正规化regularized政府干预government intervention政府机构government organs; government institutions政府特殊津贴special government allowance政府职能government functions政事分开separating the functions of government from those of institutions政通人和（have）a good government and a united people政协委员会CPPCC committees政治、经济领域the political and economic spheres政治经济旧秩序old political and economic order政治经济新秩序new political and economic order政治局politburo政治局面political situation政治体制political restructuring政治协商political consultation政治协商制度political consultation system支撑kingpin知识分子intellectuals知识化（be ）better educated执法必严the laws strictly enforced执政为民exercise the state power in the interest of the people执政之基the cornerstone for its （the party’s）governance直辖市municipality directly under the Central Government职能交叉overlapping functions指导思想guiding ideology制定“十五”计划the formulation of the tenth five-year plan （2001-2005）制度创新institutional innovation治党治国治军running the party, state and army智力支持intellectual support中共中央the CPC central committee中共中央委员会CCCP （Central Committee of Communist Party）中国共产党第十六次全国代表大会the sixteenth national congress of the CPC中国特色社会主义事业Socialism with Chinese characteristics中华儿女all sons and daughters of the Chinese nation中华民族的伟大复兴the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation中华文明the Chinese civilization中西部地区c entral and western regions中央纪委central commission for discipline inspection of the CPC中央统战部united front work department of CPC central committee中央委员会the central committee中央政府the central government忠诚卫士loyal guards重大历史关头crucial historical juncture重要进展significant headway主观主义和形而上学的桎梏fetters of subjectivism and metaphysics主权和领土完整sovereignty and territorial integrity主要矛盾the principal contradiction专家咨询制度expert consulting system专业化more professionally competent转变步伐the pace of change庄严使命a grand mission资源配置the allocation of resources自强不息ceaseless self-improvement自治self-governance综合国力overall national strength总结自己的实践经验review our experience gained in practice走出一条新路子blazing a new trail走在前列to spearhead组织监督organizational supervision祖国one’s home country; motherland祖国统一national reunification; reunification of the motherland 祖国统一大业the great cause of national reunification最广大人民the overwhelming majority of the people最广泛的the broadest possible书中横卧着整个过去的灵魂——卡莱尔人的影响短暂而微弱，书的影响则广泛而深远——普希金人离开了书，如同离开空气一样不能生活——科洛廖夫书不仅是生活，而且是现在、过去和未来文化生活的源泉——库法耶夫书籍把我们引入最美好的社会，使我们认识各个时代的伟大智者———史美尔斯书籍便是这种改造灵魂的工具。
政治学专业英文词汇小汇总
政治学专用词汇一画一院制Unicameral一党制国家One—party States二画人权Human rights人权宣言Declarations of the Rights of Man and the Citizen三画工会Trade unions下议院House of Commons上议院House of Lords个人主义Individualism女权主义Feminism马列主义Marxism—Leninism马克思主义Marxism马基雅维里主义Machiavellism四画王权Crown无产阶级Proletariat无产阶级专政Dictatorship of the proletariat 无政府主义Anarchism专制Despotism专制政府/绝对专制主义Absolute government/absolutism中央与地方的关系Central/Local relations 分权Separation of powers公共行政Public administration公民权利Civil rights公民自由Civil liberties五画正义Justice可审判性Justiciability平等Equality奴隶制Slavery占统治地位的党Dominant party代表Delegate代议员Representative代议制政府Representative government代表制Representation主权Sovereignty市民社会Civil society市（镇）长Major立宪主义Constitutionalism 立宪政体Constitutional government立法机关Legislatures立法否决Legislative veto立法委员会Legislative committees立法起草Legislative drafting半总统制Semi-presidential systems议长Speaker议会制度Parliamentary system司法机构Judiciary司法行政官Magistrate司法审查Judicial review民主Democracy民主党Democratic Party民主集中制Democratic centralism民意测验Opinion polls六画共产党Communist Parties共和国Republic机构/制度Institution权力Power权利Rights权利法案Bill of rights权威Authority妇女选举权Women’s suffrage地方长官Prefect地方政府Local government地方政府财政Local government finance 地方政治Local politics同意Consent同意投票Approval voting团体理论Group theory邦联Confederation邦联条例Articles of Confederation自由Freedom自由党Liberal parties自由裁量权Discretion自决Self-determination自治Self-government自治领Dominion行为主义Behaviouralism行政Administration行政机关Executives行政委员会Administrative board行政法庭Administrative tribunal行政法院Administrative court州长Governor多元主义Pluralism多元社会Plural society多头制Polyarchy多数派政府Majority government多数统治Majority rule决策Decision making决策理论Decision theory农奴制Serfdom阶层/阶级Class七画麦迪逊，詹姆斯Madison,James苏格拉底Socrates极权主义Totalitarianism否决权Veto投票V oting投票率Turnout护宪Entrenchment财产权Property利益Interests利益表达与聚合Interest articulation and aggregation利益集团Interest group言论，表达和出版自由Freedom of speech,expression,and the press社区/共同体Community社团主义Corporatism社会主义Socialism社会民主主义Social democracy社会契约论Social contract君主制Monarchy八画责任Responsibility责任政府Responsible government直接民主Direct democracy直接行动Direct action杰斐逊，托马斯Jefferson,Thomas欧洲议会European Parliament欧洲共同体European Community歧视Discrimination国际法International Law国家State国家元首Head of state 国家消亡Withering away of the state国家财政危机Fiscal crisis of the state非暴力反抗Civil disobedience非暴力行为Non-violent action制定法Statute Law制衡Checks and balance委任Patronage委员会Commission质询Interpellation法Law法令Act法官Judge法治Rule of law法律的正当程序Due process of law法案，议案Bill宗教自由Freedom of religion审判Adjudication审查制度Censorship官僚制/官僚Bureaucracy实证主义Positivism九画封建主义Feudalism革命和反革命Revolution and counter-revolution政体Polity政纲platform政变Coup D’etat政府Government政府组成过程Government formation process 政府首脑Head of government政府调查Public inquiry政治Politics政治义务Political obligation政治文化Political culture政治中的种族问题Race in politics政治心理学Political psychology政治发展Political development政治行动委员会（美国）Political action committee政治行为研究Political behaviour政治地理学Political geography政治权力Political power政治局（及常务委员会）Politburo(and Pesidium)政治沟通Political communication政治体系/政治系统Political system政治参与Political participation政治财政Political finance政治科学Political science政治社会化Political socialization政治社会学Political sociology政治学的定量方法Quantitative methods in politics政治态度Political attitudes政治腐败Political corruption政治继承Political succession政治理论Political theory政治暴力Political violence政治影响Political influence政治整合/政治一体化Political integration政党分赃制Spoils system政党认同Party identification政党代表大会Party convention政党功能Parties,political:functions of政党组织Party organization政党核心集团Machine政党秘密会议Caucus政策分析Policy analysis政策实施Implementation政策输出研究Policy output studies城市政府City government城邦国家City state贵族/贵族制Aristocracy思想库Think tank看守政府Caretaker government选区Constituency选民登记Registration of electors选择投票Ticket-splitting选择领导Leadership selection选举Elections选举团Electoral college选举纲领Election program选举制度Electoral system选票Ballot重农主义Physiocracy重划选区Redistribution重商主义Mercantilism种族灭绝Genocide 种族主义Racism种族隔离Apartheid顺从Deference保守主义Conservatism保守党Conservative parties保护主义Clientelism修正主义Revisionism独立机构Independent agency独立宣言Declaration of Independence独裁主义，权威主义Authoritarianism独裁制Autocracy帝国Empire帝国主义Imperialism美国革命American Revolution美国国会Congress美国辉格党Whig:U.S.首相（总理）/首相（总理）制政府Prime minister/Prime ministerial government总统，总统制President/Presidential system 总罢工General strike总督Governor-General派别Faction咨询和同意Advice and consent宣传Propaganda宪法Constitutional law宪法规约Convention of the constitution宪法/宪政Constitution/constitutionalism神权政治Theocracy神授王权Divine right of kings费边主义Fabianism绝对专制主义Absolutism统治阶级Ruling class统治能力Governability十画恐怖Terror恐怖主义Terrorism格劳修斯Grotius监护Tutelage监察专员Ombudsman党派首领Boss罢免Recall恩格斯Engels缺席投票Absence voting特权Prerogative特许状Charter秘密警察Secret police倒台与政权更迭Breakdown and regime change候选人选择candidate selection爱国主义Patriotism被保护国Protectorate竞争性政党制度Competitive party system竞选运动Election campaign部门Department部长，部Minister/Ministry部长会议Council of Ministers准司法Quasi-judicial准--非政府组织Quango资历制Seniority资产阶级Bourgeoisie资本主义Capitalism浮动投票人Floating vote浪漫主义Romanticism宽容Toleration家长型控制Paternalism调查委员会Select committee预算，预算编制Budget/Budgeting陪审团Jury十一画理性Rationality理性选择方法Rational choice教权主义Clericalism教会与国家Church and State基本权利Fundamental right基层党组织Primary party organization职能代表Functional representation授权立法Delegated legislation授权学说Mandate theory常设委员会Standing committee累计投票Cumulative vote唯心主义Idealism领导Leadership第二院，上议院Second chambers康德Kant混合政府Mixed government弹劾Impeachment隐私Privacy十二画殖民统治Colonial government联合，联合政府Coalition/Coalition government联合民主Consociational democracy联合国United Nations联邦制Federalism联邦党人文集Federalist Papers联盟，联合League超载Overload超国家政府Supranational government博爱Fraternity斯大林Stalin斯宾诺莎Spinoza斯密，亚当Smith,Adam最低下限Droop quota最高行政法院Conseil d’AEtat最高法院Supreme court黑格尔Hegal辉格党与托利党Whigs and Tories等级Estates集体主义Collectivism集体行动Collective action集体领导Collective leadership集合理论Coalition theory街区选举，集团投票Block vote普通法Common law游说Lobbying雇主组织Employer’s organization强制性投票Compulsory voting十三画鼓励性行动Affirmative action路德，马丁Luther,Martin解散议会Dissolution of parliament意识形态Ideology新左派New Left新右派New Right新政New deal新教政党Protestant parties福利国家Welfare state群众性政党Mass membership party十四画僭主制/暴政Tyranny寡头制Oligarchy寡头政治铁律Iron law of oligarchy 精英，精英主义Elites,Elitism精英理论Doctrine of elites腐败选区Rotten borough弊政Maladministration熊彼特Schumpeter十五画影子内阁Shadow cabinet暴力Violence潘恩Paine十六画霍布斯Hobbes穆勒Mill激进主义Radicalism激进政党Radical parties十七画整体主义Holism辩证法Dialectic辩证唯物主义Dialectical materialism 十九画警察Police警察国家Police state。
重要政治词汇汇总
重要政治词汇汇总
以下是重要的政治词汇汇总：
1. 政权：指掌握国家政权的权力机构。
2. 政治体制：指国家或地区的政治组织和运行方式，如民主制度、共和制度、独裁制度等。
3. 政党：指致力于获取政治权力或影响力的组织集团，代表一定的政治意识形态。
4. 政府：指国家的执政机构，负责管理国家事务、维护社会秩序和提供公共服务。
5. 国家：指独立的政治实体，具有主权和领土完整性。
6. 国际关系：指各个国家之间的政治、经济、文化、军事等方面的相互关系。
7. 民主：指人民通过选举、表决等形式参与国家政治决策的制度和价值观。
8. 独裁：指由一人或少数人统治的政治制度，缺乏民主和普遍人权。
9. 社会主义：指追求公有制和社会平等的政治意识形态。
10. 自由主义：指追求个人自由权利和市场经济的政治意识形
态。
11. 共产主义：指追求无产阶级革命和建立无阶级社会的政治理念。
12. 法治：指国家和社会的行为受法律限制和规范的原则和体制。
13. 司法独立：指司法机构在法律约束下独立行使审判权的原则和制度。
14. 国会：指国家立法机关，代表公民利益，制定法律和监督政府。
15. 总统：指国家的最高行政首脑，通常由选举产生。
16. 选举：指人民通过投票选出代表候选人或政党的过程。
17. 国际组织：指由多个国家组成的组织，用于合作解决共同问题。
18. 军队：指国家的武装力量，用于维护国家安全和执行国家政策。
19. 政治经济学：研究政治和经济之间相互影响的学科。
20. 公民权利：指公民享有的个人权利和自由，如言论自由、宗教自由等。
中国政府部门常见英语词汇
中国政府部门常见英语词汇中国政府部门常见英语词汇中国政府部门常见英语词汇the people's republic of china (p. r. china) 中华人民共和国province (hebei province) 省prefecture (cangzhou prefecture) 区municipality (beijing municipality) 市city (cangzhou city) 市county (cangxian county) 县autonomous 自治(autonomous district [ prefecture/ county])capital (provincial capital) 省会communist party of china 中国共产党national party congress 全国代表大会fifteenth national congress 第十五次全国代表大会(十五大) first plenary session 第一届中央全会(一中全会)central committee 中央委员会member of the central committee 中央委员alternate member of the central committee 候补中央委员political bureau 政治局member of the political bureau 政治局委员alternate member of the political bureau 政治局候补委员standing committee of the political bureau 政治局常务委员会member of the standing committee of the political bureau 政治局常委secretariat of the central committee 中央书记处general secretary 总书记central commission for discipline inspection 中央纪律检查委员会military commission of the central committee 中央军事委员会international liaison department 对外联络部organization department 组织部united front work department 统战部propaganda department 宣传部state president 国家主席president of prc 中华人民共和国主席vice president of prc 中华人民共和国副主席national people's congress 全国人民代表大会standing committee 常务委员会chairman 委员长vice chairpersons 副委员长members of the npc standing committee 常务委员会委员central military committee 中央军事委员会chairman 主席vice chairman 副主席cmc members 委员supreme people's court 最高人民法院president 最高人民法院院长supreme people's procuratorate 最高人民检察院procurator-general 最高人民检察院检察长state council 国务院premier 总理vice premier 副总理state councillors 国务委员ministry of foreign affairs 外交部ministry of national defense 国防部state development planning commission 国家发展计划委员会state economic and trade commission 国家经济贸易委员会ministry of education 教育部ministry of science and technology 科学技术部commission of science, technology and industry for national defense 国防科学技术工业委员会state ethnic affairs commission 国家民族事务委员会ministry of public security 公安部ministry of state security 安全部ministry of supervision 监察部ministry of civil affairs 民政部ministry of justice 司法部ministry of finance 财政部ministry of personnel 人事部ministry of labor and social security 劳动和社会保障部ministry of land and natural resources 国土资源部ministry of construction 建设部ministry of railways 铁道部ministry of communications 交通部ministry of information technology and telecommunications 信息产业部ministry of water resources 水利部ministry of agriculture 农业部ministry of foreign trade and economic co-operation 对外贸易经济合作部ministry of culture 文化部ministry of health 卫生部state family planning commission 国家计划生育委员会people's bank of china 中国人民银行auditing administration 审计署chinese people's political consultative conference 中国人民政治协商会议national committee 全国委员会standing committee 常务委员会chairman 主席vice-chairpersons 副主席democratic party 民主党派revolutionary committee of the kuomintang 中国国民党革命委员会（民革）china democratic league 中国民主同盟（民盟）china democratic national construction association 中国民主建国会（民建）china association promoting democracy 中国民主促进会（民进）chinese peasants' and workers' democratic party 中国农工民主党china zhi gong dang 中国致公党jiu san society 九三学社taiwan democratic self-government 台湾民主自治同盟（台盟）people's organization 人民团体all-china federation of trade unions 中华全国总工会（全总）communist youth league of china 中国共产主义青年团（共青团?all-china federation of youth 中华全国青年联合会（全国青联）all-china students' federation 中华全国学生联合会（全国学联）china young pioneers 中国少年先锋队（少先队）all-china women's federation 中华全国妇女联合会（全国妇联）china association for science and technology 中国科学技术协会（中国科协）china federation of literary and art circles 中国文学艺术界联合会（文联）all-china federation of returned overseas chinese 中华全国归国华侨联合会（全国侨联）china welfare institute 中国福利会red cross society of china 中国红十字会chinese people's liberation army 中国人民解放军headquarters of the general staff 总参谋部general political department 总政治部general logistics department 总后勤部general armament department 总装备部中国政府部门常见英语词汇相关内容:。
专升本政治英语
专升本政治英语政治是重要的一门学科，对于专升本考生来说，政治英语学习更是必不可少的一部分。
本文将为大家介绍一些政治英语学习的方法和技巧，希望能够帮助考生们在考试中取得好成绩。
一、政治英语词汇政治英语词汇的掌握是学习政治英语的基础，以下是一些常见的政治英语词汇：1. 政府机构：government agencies2. 国家元首：head of state3. 国会：parliament4. 民主制度：democratic system5. 选举：election6. 政治犯：political prisoner7. 政治理论：political theory8. 政策实施：policy implementation9. 政治参与：political participation10. 外交关系：diplomatic relations二、政治英语语法政治英语在语法方面也有其一些特点，下面是一些常见的语法结构和用法：1. 表达事实：使用一般现在时表达事实，如：“The government implements various policies.”（政府实施了各种政策。
）2. 表达观点：使用情态动词can、should等来表达观点和建议，如：“Citizens can participate in political activities.”（公民可以参与政治活动。
）3. 表示原因和结果：使用because、so等表示原因和结果，如：“The government promotes economic development because it benefits the country.”（政府促进经济发展是因为这有益于国家。
）三、政治英语阅读材料阅读是提高政治英语能力的有效途径之一，以下是一些推荐的政治英语阅读材料：1. 政治类报纸和杂志：通过阅读政治类报纸和杂志，可以了解最新的政治动态和事件，同时也能够提高政治英语的词汇量和阅读理解能力。
政府部门常见词汇中英文对照
The people's Republic of China (P. R. China) 中华人民共和国Province (Hebei Province) 省Prefecture (Cangzhou Prefecture) 区Municipality (Beijing Municipality) 市City (Cangzhou City) 市County (Cangxian County) 县Autonomous 自治 (Autonomous District [ Prefecture/ County])Capital (Provincial Capital) 省会Communist Party of China 中国共产党National Party Congress 全国代表大会Fifteenth National Congress 第十五次全国代表大会(十五大)First Plenary Session 第一届中央全会(一中全会)Central Committee 中央委员会member of the Central Committee 中央委员alternate member of the Central Committee 候补中央委员Political Bureau 政治局member of the Political Bureau 政治局委员alternate member of the Political Bureau 政治局候补委员Standing Committee of the Political Bureau 政治局常务委员会member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau 政治局常委Secretariat of the Central Committee 中央书记处General Secretary 总书记Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 中央纪律检查委员会Military Commission of the Central Committee 中央军事委员会International Liaison Department 对外联络部Organization Department 组织部United Front Work Department 统战部Propaganda Department 宣传部State President 国家主席President of PRC 中华人民共和国主席Vice President of PRC 中华人民共和国副主席National People's Congress 全国人民代表大会Standing Committee 常务委员会Chairman 委员长Vice Chairpersons 副委员长Members of the NPC Standing Committee 常务委员会委员Central Military Committee 中央军事委员会Chairman 主席Vice Chairman 副主席CMC Members 委员Supreme People's Court 最高人民法院President 最高人民法院院长Supreme People's Procuratorate 最高人民检察院Procurator-General 最高人民检察院检察长State Council 国务院Premier 总理Vice Premier 副总理State Councillors 国务委员Ministry of Foreign Affairs 外交部Ministry of National Defense 国防部State Development Planning Commission 国家发展计划委员会State Economic and Trade Commission 国家经济贸易委员会Ministry of Education 教育部Ministry of Science and Technology 科学技术部Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense 国防科学技术工业委员会State Ethnic Affairs Commission 国家民族事务委员会Ministry of Public Security 公安部Ministry of State Security 安全部Ministry of Supervision 监察部Ministry of Civil Affairs 民政部Ministry of Justice 司法部Ministry of Finance 财政部Ministry of Personnel 人事部Ministry of Labor and Social Security 劳动和社会保障部Ministry of Land and Natural Resources 国土资源部Ministry of Construction 建设部Ministry of Railways 铁道部Ministry of Communications 交通部Ministry of Information Technology and Telecommunications 信息产业部Ministry of Water Resources 水利部Ministry of Agriculture 农业部Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Co-operation 对外贸易经济合作部Ministry of Culture 文化部Ministry of Health 卫生部State Family Planning Commission 国家计划生育委员会People's Bank of China 中国人民银行Auditing Administration 审计署Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference 中国人民政治协商会议National Committee 全国委员会Standing Committee 常务委员会Chairman 主席Vice-Chairpersons 副主席democratic party 民主党派Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang 中国国民党革命委员会（民革）China Democratic League 中国民主同盟（民盟）China Democratic National Construction Association 中国民主建国会（民建）China Association Promoting Democracy 中国民主促进会（民进）Chinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party 中国农工民主党China Zhi Gong Dang 中国致公党Jiu San Society 九三学社Taiwan Democratic self-government 台湾民主自治同盟（台盟）people's organization 人民团体All-China Federation of Trade Unions 中华全国总工会（全总）Communist Youth League of China 中国共产主义青年团（共青团 All-China Federation of Youth 中华全国青年联合会（全国青联）All-China Students' Federation 中华全国学生联合会（全国学联）China Young Pioneers 中国少年先锋队（少先队）All-China Women's Federation 中华全国妇女联合会（全国妇联）China Association for Science and Technology 中国科学技术协会（中国科协）China Federation of Literary and Art Circles 中国文学艺术界联合会（文联）All-China Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese 中华全国归国华侨联合会（全国侨联）China Welfare Institute 中国福利会Red Cross Society of China 中国红十字会Chinese People's Liberation Army 中国人民解放军Headquarters of the General Staff 总参谋部General Political Department 总政治部General Logistics Department 总后勤部General Armament Department 总装备部。
政治学词汇(中英)
政治学专用词汇一院制 Unicameral一党制国家 One—party States人权 Human rights人权宣言 Declarations of the Rights of Man and the Citizen工会 Trade unions下议院 House of Commons上议院 House of Lords个人主义 Individualism女权主义 Feminism马列主义 Marxism—Leninism马克思主义 Marxism马基雅维里主义 Machiavelli王权 Crown无产阶级 Proletariat无产阶专政Dictatorship of the proletariat 无政府主义 Anarchism专制 Despotism专制政府/绝对专制主义Absolute government/absolutism 中央与地方的关系Central/Local relations分权 Separation of powers公共行政 Public administration公民权利 Civil rights公民自由 Civil liberties正义 Justice可审判性 Justiciability平等 Equality奴隶制 Slavery占统治地位的党 Dominant party代表 Delegate代议员 Representative代议制政府 Representative government代表制 Representation主权 Sovereignty市民社会 Civil society市（镇）长 Major立宪主义 Constitutionalism立宪政体 Constitutional government立法机关 Legislatures 立法否决 Legislative veto立法委员会 Legislative committees立法起草 Legislative drafting半总统制 Semi-presidential systems议长 Speaker议会制度 Parliamentary system司法机构 Judiciary司法行政官 Magistrate司法审查 Judicial review民主 Democracy民主党 Democratic Party民主集中制 Democratic centralism民意测验 Opinion polls共产党 Communist Parties共和国 Republic机构/制度 Institution权力 Power权利 Rights权利法案 Bill of rights权威 Authority妇女选举权Women’s suffrage地方长官 Prefect地方政府 Local government地方政府财政 Local government finance 地方政治 Local politics同意 Consent同意投票 Approval voting团体理论 Group theory邦联 Confederation邦联条例 Articles of Confederation自由 Freedom自由党 Liberal parties自由裁量权 Discretion自决 Self-determination自治 Self-government自治领 Dominion行为主义 Behaviouralism行政 Administration行政机关 Executives行政委员 Administrative board行政法庭 Administrative tribunal行政法院 Administrative court州长 Governor多元主义 Pluralism多元社会 Plural society多头制 Polyarchy多数派政府 Majority government多数统治 Majority rule决策 Decision making决策理论 Decision theory农奴制 Serfdom阶层/阶级 Class麦迪逊，詹姆斯 Madison,James苏格拉底 Socrates极权主义 Totalitarianism否决权 Veto投票 Voting投票率 Turnout护宪 Entrenchment财产权 Property利益 Interests利益表达与聚合Interest articulation and aggregation 利益集团 Interest group言论，表达和出版自由Freedom of speech,expression,and the press社区/共同体 Community社团主义 Corporatism社会主义 Socialism社会民主主义 Social democracy社会契约论 Social contract君主制 Monarchy责任 Responsibility责任政府 Responsible government直接民主 Direct democracy直接行动 Direct action托马斯.杰斐逊 Thomas.Jefferson欧洲议会 European Parliament欧洲共同体 European Community歧视 Discrimination国际法 International Law国家 State国家元首 Head of state国家消亡 Withering away of the state 国家财政危机 Fiscal crisis of the state 非暴力反抗 Civil disobedience非暴力行为 Non-violent action制定法 Statute Law制衡 Checks and balance委任 Patronage委员会 Commission质询 Interpellation法 Law法令 Act法官 Judge法治 Rule of law法律的正当程序 Due process of law法案，议案 Bill宗教自由 Freedom of religion审判 Adjudication审查制度 Censorship官僚制/官僚 Bureaucracy实证主义 Positivism封建主义 Feudalism革命和反革命Revolution and counter-revolution 政体 Polity政纲 platform政变Coup D’etat政府 Government政府组成过程Government formation process政府首脑 Head of government政府调查 Public inquiry政治 Politics政治义务 Political obligation政治文化 Political culture政治中的种族问题 Race in politics政治心理学 Political psychology政治发展 Political development政治行动委员会（美国）Political action committee政治行为研究 Political behaviour政治地理学 Political geography政治权力 Political power政治局（及常务委员会）Politburo(and Pesidium)政治沟通 Political communication政治体系/政治系统 Political system政治参与 Political participation政治财政 Political finance政治科学 Political science政治社会化 Political socialization政治社会学 Political sociology政治学的定量方法Quantitative methods in politics 政治态度 Political attitudes政治腐败 Political corruption政治继承 Political succession政治理论 Political theory政治暴力 Political violence政治影响 Political influence政治整合/政治一体化Political integratio 政党分赃制 Spoils system政党认同 Party identification政党代表大会 Party convention政党功能 Parties,political:functions of 政党组织 Party organization政党核心集团 Machine政党秘密会议 Caucus政策分析 Policy analysis政策实施 Implementation政策输出研究 Policy output studies城市政府 City government城邦国家 City state贵族/贵族制 Aristocracy思想库 Think tank守政府 Caretaker government选区 Constituency选民登记 Registration of electors选择投票 Ticket-splitting选择领导 Leadership selection选举 Elections选举团 Electoral college选举纲领 Election program选举制度 Electoral system选票 Ballot重农主义 Physiocracy重划选区 Redistribution重商主义 Mercantilism 种族灭绝 Genocide种族主义 Racism种族隔离 Apartheid顺从 Deference保守主义 Conservatism保守党 Conservative parties保护主义 Clientelism修正主义 Revisionism独立机构 Independent agency独立宣言 Declaration of Independence独裁主义，权威主义 Authoritarianism独裁制 Autocracy帝国 Empire帝国主义 Imperialism美国革命 American Revolution美国国会 Congress美国辉格党 Whig:U.S.首相（总理）/首相（总理）制政府Prime ministerPrime ministerial government总统，总统制President/Presidential system总罢工 General strike总督 Governor-General派别 Faction咨询和同意 Advice and consent宣传 Propaganda宪法 Constitutional law宪法规约 Convention of the constitution 宪法/宪政Constitution/constitutionalism 神权政治 Theocracy神授王权 Divine right of kings费边主义 Fabianism绝对专制主义 Absolutism统治阶级 Ruling class统治能力 Governability恐怖 Terror恐怖主义 Terrorism格劳修斯 Grotius监护 Tutelage监察专员 Ombudsman党派首领 Boss罢免 Recall恩格斯 Engels缺席投票 Absence voting特权 Prerogative特许状 Charter秘密警察 Secret police倒台与政权更迭Breakdown and regime change候选人选择 candidate selection爱国主义 Patriotism被保护国 Protectorate竞争性政党制度 Competitive party system 竞选运动 Election campaign部门 Department部长，部 Minister/Ministry部长会议 Council of Ministers准司法 Quasi-judicial准--非政府组织 Quango资历制 Seniority资产阶级 Bourgeoisie资本主义 Capitalism浮动投票人Floating vote浪漫主义 Romanticism宽容 Toleration家长型控制 Paternalism调查委员会 Select committee预算，预算编制 Budget/Budgeting陪审团 Jury理性 Rationality理性选择方法 Rational choice教权主义 Clericalism教会与国家 Church and State基本权利 Fundamental right基层党组织 Primary party organization 职能代表 Functional representation授权立法 Delegated legislation授权学说 Mandate theory常设委员会 Standing committee累计投票 Cumulative vote唯心主义 Idealism领导 Leadership第二院，上议院 Second chambers康德 Kant混合政府 Mixed government 弹劾 Impeachment隐私 Privacy殖民统治 Colonial government联合，联合政府Coalition/Coalition government 联合民主 Consociational democracy联合国 United Nations联邦制 Federalism联邦党人文集 Federalist Papers联盟，联合 League超载 Overload超国家政府 Supranational government 博爱 Fraternity斯大林 Stalin斯宾诺莎 Spinoza亚当.斯密 Adam.Smith最低下限 Droop quota最高行政法院 Conseil d’A etat最高法院 Supreme court黑格尔 Hegal辉格党与托利党 Whigs and Tories等级 Estates集体主义 Collectivism集体行动 Collective action集体领导 Collective leadership集合理论 Coalition theory街区选举，集团投票 Block vote普通法 Common law游说 Lobbying雇主组织Employer’s organization强制性投票 Compulsory voting鼓励性行动 Affirmative action马丁.路德 Martin.Luther解散议会 Dissolution of parliament 意识形态 Ideology新左派 New Left新右派 New Right新政 New deal新教政党 Protestant parties福利国家 Welfare state群众性政党 Mass membership party僭主制/暴政 Tyranny寡头制 Oligarchy寡头政治铁律 Iron law of oligarchy 精英，精英主义 Elites,Elitism精英理论 Doctrine of elites腐败选区 Rotten borough弊政 Maladministration熊彼特 Schumpeter影子内阁 Shadow cabinet暴力 Violence潘恩 Paine 霍布斯 Hobbes穆勒 Mill激进主义 Radicalism激进政党 Radical parties整体主义 Holism辩证法 Dialectic辩证唯物主义 Dialectical materialism 警察 Police警察国家 Police state。
中国政治英语词汇
（第一课）讀中文做口譯中国政体与国策I. 中国共产党中央委员会Central Committee of the Communist Party of China中国共产党中央委员会总书记General secretary of the Central Party Committee中央政治局常务委员会Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CP中央书记处Secretariat of the Central Party Committee中央军事委员会Central Military Commission of the CPC (总后勤部the General Logistics Department) (第二炮兵司令部the Headquarters of the 2nd Artillery Corps) (中国人民警察the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force) (国民自卫队the Militia) 中央纪律检查委员会Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC中央宣传部Publicity Department, CCCPC中央统一战线部United Front Work Department, CCCPC中央对外联络部International Liaison Department, CCCPC中央政法委员会Committee of Political and Legislative Affairs, CCCPC中央党校Party School of the CPC中央档案馆Archives Bureau, CCCPCII. 中国人民政治协商会议the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会the National Committee of the CPPCC中国人民政治协商委员会地方委员会CPPCC Local CommitteesIII. 中华人民共和国中央政府the Central People’s Government of the PRC中华人民共和国主席President of PRC中央政府和地方各级政府the Central government and local governments at different levels直辖市Municipality 省会Provincial Capital 自治区Autonomous Region国家机构State Structure（1）全国人民代表大会the National People’s Congress (NPC)全国人大代表deputy to the NPC 全国人大代表团delegation of the NPC全国人大常务委员会委员长Chairman of the NPC Standing Committee全国人大主席团the NPC Presidium九届全国人大四次会议the Fourth Session of the Ninth National People's Congress人大代表资格审查委员会Deputy Credential Examination Committee人大秘书长Secretary-general of the NPC地方人民代表大会Local People’s Congress（2）国务院the State Council 国务院总理the Premier of the State Council 国务院副总理the Vice-Premier of the State Council国务委员the State Councilor 国务院部长the Minister中国银行行长Governor of the People’s Bank of Chi na审计署署长Auditor-General of the National Audit Office国务院所属机构（Ministries，Commissions，administrations and offices under the State Council）1. 外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs 国防部Ministry of National Defense公安部Ministry of Public Security 安全部Ministry of State Security监察部Ministry of Supervision 民政部Ministry of Civil Affairs司法部Ministry of Justice 财政部Ministry of Finance人事部Ministry of Personnel 水利部Ministry of Water Resources卫生部Ministry of Health 商务部Ministry of Commerce劳动保障部Ministry of Labor and Social Security国土资源部Ministry of Land and Resources信息产业部Ministry of Information Industry2. 人口计生委State Population and Family Planning Commission发展改革委State Development and Reform Commission国防科工委State Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense国家民委State Ethnic Affairs Commission国资委Commission of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration银监会China Banking Regulatory Commission证监会China Securities Regulatory Commission保监会China Insurance Regulatory Commission电监会State Electricity Regulatory Commission3. 海关总局General Administration of Customs税务总局State Administration of Taxation工商总局State Administration for Industry and Commerce质检总局General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine环保总局State Environmental Protection Administration民航总局General Administration of Civil Aviation广电总局State Administration of Radio, Film and Television安全监管总局State Administration of Work Safety食品药品监管局State Food and Drug Administration国管局Government Offices Administration of the State Council烟草局State Tobacco Monopoly Administration外专局State Administration of Foreign Experts Affair保密局National Administration for the Protection of State Secrets统计局National Bureau of Statistics林业局State Forestry Administration旅游局National Tourism Administration知识产权局State Intellectual Property Office地震局China Earthquake Administration气象局China Meteorological Administration信访局State Bureau for Letters and Calls粮食局State Administration of Grain海洋局State Oceanic Administration测绘局State Bureau of Surveying & Mapping档案局State Archives Administration外汇局State Administration of Foreign Exchange新闻出版总署(版权局) General administration of Press and Publication(National Copyright Administration)4. 侨办Overseas Chinese Affairs Office 国研室Research Office港澳办Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office 新闻办Information Office法制办Legislative Affairs Office 台办Taiwan Affairs Office 社保基金会National Council for Social Security Fund自然科学基金会National Natural Science Foundation(3) a. 最高人民法院the Supreme People’s Court(SPC)最高人民法院院长the President of the SPC审判长the presiding judge审判委员会the Trial Committee 审判机关the Trial Organ第一刑事法庭the First Criminal Court 民事法庭the Civil Courtb.最高人民检察院the Supreme People’s Procuratorate最高人民检察院检察长the Procurator-general of the SPP最高人民检察院副检察长the Deputy Procurator-general(4)香港特别行政区政府Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region澳门特别行政区政府Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region(5).民主党派Democratic Party中国国民党革命委员会（民革）Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang中国民主同盟（民盟）China Democratic League中国民主建国会（民建）China Democratic National Construction Association中国民主促进会（民进）China Association Promoting Democracy中国农工民主党Chinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party中国致公党China Zhi Gong Dang 九三学社Jiu San Society台湾民主自治同盟（台盟）Taiwan Democratic self-government二．口译政治用语和国策宪法Constitution 国旗National flag: Red flag with five stars国徽National emblem: Tiananmen Gate-tower under five stars, encircled by ears of grain and with a gear wheel below国歌National anthem: March of the V olunteers 党章Party Constitution1. 党的三代中央领导集体创建了毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、江泽民“三个代表”重要思想，从而在民族独立和人民解放的基础上为中华民族的伟大复兴开启了建设有中国特色的社会主义的伟大事业。
政治学专业英语词汇
政治学专业英语词汇一院制Unicameral一党制国家One—party States人权Human rights人权宣言Declarations of the Rights of Man and the Citizen工会Trade unions下议院House of Commons上议院House of Lords个人主义Individualism女权主义Feminism马列主义Marxism—Leninism马克思主义Marxism马基雅维里主义Machiavelli王权Crown无产阶级Proletariat无产阶级专政Dictatorship of the proletariat无政府主义Anarchism专制Despotism专制政府/绝对专制主义Absolute government/absolutism中央与地方的关系Central/Local relations 分权Separation of powers公共行政Public administration公民权利Civil rights公民自由Civil liberties正义Justice平等Equality可审判性Justiciability奴隶制Slavery执政党Dominant party在野党out-party 代表Delegate代议员Representative代议制政府Representative government 代表制Representation主权Sovereignty市民社会Civil society市（镇）长Major立宪主义Constitutionalism立宪政体Constitutional government立法机关Legislatures立法否决Legislative veto立法委员会Legislative committees立法起草Legislative drafting半总统制Semi-presidential systems议长Speaker议会制度Parliamentary system司法机构Judiciary司法行政官Magistrate司法审查Judicial review民主Democracy民主党Democratic Party民主集中制Democratic centralism民意测验Opinion polls共产党Communist Parties共和国Republic机构/制度Institution权力Power 权利Rights权利法案Bill of rights权威Authority妇女选举权Women’s suffrage地方长官Prefect地方政府Local government地方政府财政Local government finance 地方政治Local politics同意Consent同意投票Approval voting 团体理论Group theory邦联Confederation邦联条例Articles of Confederation 自由Freedom自由党Liberal parties自由裁量权Discretion自决Self-determination自治Self-government自治领Dominion行为主义Behaviouralism行政Administration行政机关Executives政委员Administrative board行政法庭Administrative tribunal 行政法院Administrative court州长Governor多元主义Pluralism多元社会Plural society多头制，多头政治Polyarchy多数派政府Majority government 多数统治Majority rule决策Decision making决策理论Decision theory农奴制Serfdom阶层/阶级Class麦迪逊，詹姆斯Madison, James苏格拉底Socrates极权主义Totalitarianism否决权Veto投票Voting 投票率Turnout护宪Entrenchment财产权Property利益Interests利益表达与聚合Interest articulation and aggregation利益集团Interest group言论，表达和出版自由Freedom of speech, expression, and the press社区/共同体Community社团主义Corporatism社会主义Socialism社会民主主义Social democracy社会契约论Social contract君主制Monarchy责任Responsibility 责任政府Responsible government 直接民主Direct democracy直接行动Direct action杰斐逊，托马斯Jefferson,Thomas 欧洲议会European Parliament欧洲共同体European Community歧视Discrimination国际法International Law国家State国家元首Head of state国家消亡Withering away of the state 国家财政危机Fiscal crisis of the state 非暴力反抗Civil disobedience非暴力行为Non-violent action制定法Statute Law制衡Checks and balance委任Patronage委员会Commission质询Interpellation法Law法令Act法官Judge法治Rule of law法律的正当程序Due process of law法案，议案Bill宗教自由Freedom of religion审判Adjudication审查制度Censorship官僚制/官僚Bureaucracy实证主义Positivism封建主义Feudalism革命和反革命Revolution and counter-revolution政体Polity 政纲platform政变Coup D’etat政府Government政府组成过程Government formation process政府首脑Head of government政府调查Public inquiry政治Politics政治义务Political obligation政治文化Political culture政治中的种族问题Race in politics 政治心理学Political psychology政治发展Political development政治行动委员会（美国）Political action committee政治行为研究Political behaviour政治地理学Political geography政治权力Political power政治局（及常务委员会）Politburo(and Pesidium)政治沟通Political communication政治体系/政治系统Political system政治参与Political participation政治财政Political finance政治科学Political science政治社会化Political socialization政治社会学Political sociology政治学的定量方法Quantitative methods in politics政治态度Political attitudes政治腐败Political corruption政治继承Political succession政治理论Political theory政治暴力Political violence政治影响Political influence政治整合/政治一体化Political integration 政党分赃制Spoils system政党认同Party identification政党代表大会Party convention政党功能functions of Parties政党组织Party organization政党核心集团Machine政党秘密会议Caucus政策分析Policy analysis政策实施Implementation政策输出研究Policy output studies城市政府City government城邦国家City state贵族/贵族制Aristocracy思想库Think tank看守政府Caretaker government选区Constituency选民登记Registration of electors选择投票Ticket-splitting选择领导Leadership selection选举Elections选举团Electoral college 选举纲领Election program选举制度Electoral system选票Ballot重农主义Physiocracy重划选区Redistribution重商主义Mercantilism种族灭绝Genocide种族主义Racism种族隔离Apartheid顺从Deference保守主义Conservatism保守党Conservative parties保护主义Clientelism修正主义Revisionism独立机构Independent agency独立宣言Declaration of Independence 独裁主义，权威主义Authoritarianism 独裁制Autocracy帝国Empire帝国主义Imperialism美国革命American Revolution美国国会Congress美国辉格党Whig:U.S.首相（总理）/首相（总理）制政府Prime minister/Prime ministerial government 总统，总统制President/Presidential system总罢工General strike总督Governor-General派别Faction咨询和同意Advice and consent宣传Propaganda宪法Constitutional law宪法规约Convention of the constitution 宪法/宪政Constitution/constitutionalism 神权政治Theocracy神授王权Divine right of kings费边主义Fabianism绝对专制主义Absolutism统治阶级Ruling class统治能力Governability恐怖Terror恐怖主义Terrorism格劳修斯Grotius监护Tutelage监察专员Ombudsman 党派首领Boss罢免Recall恩格斯Engels缺席投票Absence voting特权Prerogative特许状Charter秘密警察Secret police倒台与政权更迭Breakdown and regime change候选人选择candidate selection爱国主义Patriotism被保护国Protectorate竞争性政党制度Competitive party system竞选运动Election campaign部门Department部长，部Minister/Ministry部长会议Council of Ministers准司法Quasi-judicial准--非政府组织Quango资历制Seniority资产阶级Bourgeoisie资本主义Capitalism浮动投票人Floating vote浪漫主义Romanticism宽容Toleration家长型控制Paternalism调查委员会Select committee预算，预算编制Budget/Budgeting陪审团Jury理性Rationality理性选择方法Rational choice教权主义Clericalism教会与国家Church and State基本权利Fundamental right基层党组织Primary party organization 职能代表Functional representation授权立法Delegated legislation授权学说Mandate theory常设委员会Standing committee累计投票Cumulative vote唯心主义Idealism领导Leadership第二院，上议院Second chambers康德Kant混合政府Mixed government 弹劾Impeachment 隐私Privacy殖民统治Colonial government联合，联合政府Coalition/Coalition government联合民主Consociational democracy联合国United Nations联邦制Federalism联邦党人文集Federalist Papers联盟，联合League超载Overload超国家政府Supranational government 博爱Fraternity斯大林Stalin 斯宾诺莎Spinoza斯密，亚当Smith, Adam最低下限Droop quota最高行政法院Conseil d’AEtat最高法院Supreme court辉格党与托利党Whigs and Tories等级Estates集体主义Collectivism集体行动Collective action集体领导Collective leadership集合理论Coalition theory街区选举，集团投票Block vote普通法Common law游说Lobbying雇主组织Employer’s organization 强制性投票Compulsory voting鼓励性行动Affirmative action路德，马丁Luther,Martin解散议会Dissolution of parliament 意识形态Ideology新左派New Left新右派New Right新政New deal新教政党Protestant parties福利国家Welfare state群众性政党Mass membership party 僭主制/暴政Tyranny寡头制Oligarchy寡头政治铁律Iron law of oligarchy 精英，精英主义Elites,Elitism精英理论Doctrine of elites腐败选区Rotten borough弊政Maladministration 熊彼特Schumpeter影子内阁Shadow cabinet暴力Violence潘恩Paine霍布斯Hobbes穆勒Mill 黑格尔Hegal激进主义Radicalism激进政党Radical parties整体主义Holism辩证法Dialectic辩证唯物主义Dialectical materialism 警察Police警察国家Police state。
政治敏感词汇库
政治敏感词汇库政治敏感词汇是指在特定的政治语境下，容易引发争议、敏感或者有潜在负面影响的词汇。
这些词汇在社交媒体、新闻报道、公众演讲等场合都需要谨慎使用，因为它们往往涉及到政治、国家、种族、宗教、历史等敏感话题，容易引发争议和争端。
下面是一些常见的政治敏感词汇以及相关的参考内容。
1. 民族主义（Nationalism）民族主义是一种将民族利益置于一切之上的政治思潮。
尽管在一定程度上认同与支持自己民族的意识有其正当性，但过度的民族主义可能导致国际关系紧张、种族歧视等问题。
在使用民族主义一词时，应该对其背后可能引发的意识形态和意义进行客观分析。
2. 民主（Democracy）民主是一种政治体制和价值观，强调政权归属于人民，并通过选举、舆论自由等方式实现政治决策的公众参与。
然而，在实际操作中，民主体制也面临着选举腐败、权力滥用等问题。
因此，在讨论民主时，应该注意两面性和多样性。
3. 集权（Centralization）集权是指国家或政府将权力集中于中央政府的一种制度安排。
集权制度有利于实施全国统一政策和稳定秩序，但也可能导致权力过度集中、地方自治受限等问题。
在讨论集权时，应该充分权衡集权和权力分散之间的利弊。
4. 人权（Human Rights）人权是指个人在社会、政治和法律层面享有的基本权利和自由。
然而，在不同的文化和政治体系中，对人权的理解和实践存在差异。
在讨论人权时，应该尊重不同文化和政治背景下的权益平衡和多样性。
5. 恐怖主义（Terrorism）恐怖主义是指通过暴力手段向平民传递政治、宗教或意识形态的信息，以达到社会或政治变革的目地。
然而，恐怖主义的定义和评判标准因时代和地域而异。
在讨论恐怖主义时，应该注意避免简单化、情绪化的表述，理性分析恐怖主义的动因和解决办法。
6. 政治正确（Political Correctness）政治正确是指在公共场合中使用言辞和行为避免冒犯或歧视特定群体的做法。
国家机构英语词汇及相关政治术语表达
[以上由国家经贸委管理][all under the State Economic and Trade Commission]
国家外国专家局（人事部）State Bureau of Foreign Experts Affairs (under the Ministry of Personnel)
外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs
国防部Ministry of National Defence
国家发展和改革委员会National Development and Reform Commission
国家经济贸易委员会State Economic and Trade Commission
国家计划生育委员会State Family Planning Commission
中国人民银行People"s Bank of China
国家审计署State Auditing Administration
国务院办事机构
(2)国务院办事机构 Offices under the State Council
部委管理的国家局
(5)部委管理的国家局State Bureaux Administrated by Ministries or Commissions
国家粮食储备局（国家发展计划委员会）State Bureau of Grain Reserve (under the State Development Planning Commission)
国家知识产权局State Intellectual Property Office (SIPO)
国家旅游局National Tourism Administration
国际关系英语词汇大全掌握国际关系的核心概念
国际关系英语词汇大全掌握国际关系的核心概念国际关系英语词汇大全：掌握国际关系的核心概念国际关系是指各个国家之间的相互联系和交往，涵盖了政治、经济、文化、军事等多个领域。
在国际关系的学习中，熟练掌握相关的英语词汇是非常重要的。
本文将为你提供一个国际关系英语词汇大全，帮助你更好地理解和学习国际关系。
一、政治词汇（Political Vocabulary）1. International relations - 国际关系2. Diplomacy - 外交3. Sovereignty - 主权4. State - 国家5. Government - 政府6. Foreign policy - 外交政策7. Alliance - 联盟8. Diplomat - 外交官9. Negotiation - 谈判10. Treaty - 条约11. Summit - 峰会12. Security - 安全13. Democracy - 民主14. Dictatorship - 独裁15. Regime - 政权二、经济词汇（Economic Vocabulary）1. Globalization - 全球化2. Trade - 贸易3. Exchange rate - 汇率4. GDP (Gross Domestic Product) - 国内生产总值5. Tariff - 关税6. Subsidy - 补贴7. Free trade - 自由贸易8. Import - 进口9. Export - 出口10. Inflation - 通货膨胀11. Recession - 经济衰退12. IMF (International Monetary Fund) - 国际货币基金组织13. World Bank - 世界银行14. Development aid - 发展援助15. Market economy - 市场经济三、军事词汇（Military Vocabulary）1. Arms race - 军备竞赛2. Nuclear weapons - 核武器3. Military alliance - 军事联盟4. Air strike - 空袭5. Peacekeeping - 维和6. Weapons of mass destruction - 大规模杀伤性武器7. Defense - 防御8. Intelligence - 情报9. Combat - 战斗10. Troops - 部队11. Naval - 海军的12. Air force - 空军13. Military expenditure - 军事开支14. Disarmament - 裁军15. Cyber warfare - 网络战争四、文化词汇（Cultural Vocabulary）1. Cultural exchange - 文化交流2. Cultural diversity - 文化多样性3. Heritage - 遗产4. Tradition - 传统5. Language - 语言6. Customs - 风俗习惯7. Art - 艺术8. Music - 音乐9. Literature - 文学10. Festivals - 节日11. Cuisine - 美食12. Religion - 宗教13. Identity - 身份14. Globalization - 全球化15. Cultural assimilation - 文化同化五、环保词汇（Environmental Vocabulary）1. Climate change - 气候变化2. Global warming - 全球变暖3. Carbon footprint - 碳足迹4. Renewable energy - 可再生能源5. Pollution - 污染6. Deforestation - 森林砍伐7. Conservation - 保护8. Biodiversity - 生物多样性9. Emissions - 排放物10. Ozone layer - 臭氧层11. Sustainable development - 可持续发展12. Greenhouse gases - 温室气体13. Recycling - 回收利用14. Environmental degradation - 环境退化15. Wildlife conservation - 野生动物保护综上所述，掌握国际关系英语词汇对于深入理解和学习国际关系是至关重要的。
党和党政机关英语词汇
党和党政机关英语词汇COMMUNIST PARTY OF CHINA (CPC)中国共产党Central Committee of the Communist Party of China中国共产党中央委员会General Secretary总书记Member中央委员Alternate member中央候补委员Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee中共中央政治局Member of the Political Bureau政治局委员Alternate member of the Political Bureau政治局候补委员Member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau 政治局常务委员会委员Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee中央书记处Member of the Secretariat书记处书记Central Military Commission of the CPC中共中央军事委员会Chairman主席Vice-chairman副主席Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC 中国共产党中央纪律检查委员会Secretary书记Deputy Secretary副书记Member of the Standing Committee常务委员会委员555 Units under the CPC Central Committee中共中央直属机构General Office of the CPC Central Committee中共中央办公厅Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee 中共中央组织部（中组部）Publicity Department of the CPC Central Committee中共中央宣传部（中宣部）United Front Work Department of the CPC中共中央统一战线工作部Central Committee中央统战部International Department of the CPC Central Committee 中共中央对外联系部（中联部）Policy Research Office of the CPC Central Committee中共中央政策研究室Taiwan Work Office of the CPC Central Committee中共中央台湾工作办公室International Communication Office of the CPC CC中共中央对外宣传办公室Commission for Collecting Party Historical Data党史资料征集委员会People’s Daily人民日版社Director社长Editor-in-chief总编辑Compilation and Translation Bureau of the CPC Central Committee中共中央编译局Party History Research Center of the CPC Central Committee中共中央党史研究室Party School of the CPC Central Committee中共中央党校Work Committee of the Central Government Departments under the CPC Central Committee 中共中央国家机关工作委员会Work Committee of Departments under the CPC CC中共中央直属机关工作委员会Party Documents Research Office of the CPC Central Committee中共中央文献研究室Central Archives中央档案室CPC Local Committees中国共产党地方党委Provincial (aut. regional, municipality) committees of the CPC 中共省（自治区、直辖市）委员会（省委）Prefectural (aut. prefectural) committees of the CPC中共地区（自治州）委员会（地委）City Committee of the CPC中共市委员会（市委)District committee of the CPC中共区委员会（区委）County committee of the CPC中共县委员会（县委）Leading party members’ group党组Party branch党支部Party cell党小组DEMOCRATIC PARTIES民主党派Revolutionary Committee of Guomindang Central Committee 中国国民党革命委员会（民革）China Democratic League Central Committee中国民主同盟（民盟）China Democratic National Construction Association (CDNCA) 中国民主建国会（民建）China Association for Promoting Democracy (CAPD)中国民主促进会（民进）Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic Party中国农工民主党（农工党）China Zhi Gong Party (Public Interest Party)中国致公党（致公党）Jiu San （September 3）Central Committee九三学社中央委员会全国人民代表大会NATIONAL PEOPLE’S CONGRESS (NPC) Standing Committee of the NPC全国人民代表大会常委会Vice-chairman副委员长Secretary-General秘书长Deputy Secretary-General副秘书长Legislative Affairs Commission of the NPC Standing Com. 全国人大常委会法制工作委员会Special Committees of the NPC全国人大专门委员会Ethnic Affairs Committee of the NPC民族委员会Chairman主任委员Vice-chairman副主任委员Committee for Internal and Judicial Affairs内务司法委员会Education, Science, Culture and Health Committee 教育、科学、文化和卫生委员会Foreign Affairs Committee外事委员会Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee华侨委员会Environment and Resource Protection Committee 环境与资源保护委员会Financial and Economic Committee财政经济委员会Legal Committee法律委员会Agriculture and Rural Affairs Committee农业与农村委员会Credentials Committee代表资格审查委员会Bill Committee法案委员会Local People’s Congresses地方人民代表大会District People’s Congress区人民代表大会Provincial People’s Congress省人民代表大会City People’s Congress市人民代表大会County (Autonomous County) People’s Congress 县（自治县）人民代表达大会Township (Town) People Congress县（镇）人民代表大会Municipal People’s Congress直辖市人民代表大会Autonomous Region People’s Congress自治区人民代表大会President and Vice-President of the PRC中华人民共和国主席、副主席Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) 中国人民政治协商会议National Committee of the CPPCC政协全国委员会Standing Committee of the CPPCC National Committee常务委员会Subcommittee for Handing Proposals of the CPPCC National Com.全国政协提案委员会Subcommittee of Economy全国政协经济委员会Subcommittee of Human Resources and Environment全国政协人口资源环境委员会Subcommittee of Education, Science, Culture, Health and Sports全国政协教科文卫体委员会Subcommittee of Social and Legal Affairs全国政协社会法制委员会Subcommittee of Ethnic and Religious Affairs全国政协民族宗教委员会Subcommittee of Cultural and Historical Data全国政协文史资料委员会Subcommittee of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan Compatriots 全国政协港澳台侨委员会Subcommittee of Foreign Affairs国政协外事委员会Local Committees of the CPCCC政协地方委员会Provincial (autonomous regional, municipal) committee省（自治区，直辖市）County (city) committee县（市）委员会国务院STATE COUNCILPremier总理Vice-Premier副总理State Councilor国务委员Secretary-General of the State Council国务院秘书长Deputy Secretary-General副秘书长Ministries and Commissions under the State Council 国务院所属各部门Ministry of Foreign Affairs外交部Ministry of National Defense国防部State Development Planning Commission国家发展计划委员会Minister in charge of主任State Economic and Trade Commission国家经济贸易委员会Ministry of Education教育部Ministry of Science & Technology科学技术部Min. of Science, Technology, & Industry for National Defense 国防科学技术工业委员会State Ethnic Affairs Commission国家民族事务委员会Ministry of Public Security公安部Ministry of State Security国家安全部Ministry of Supervision监察部Ministry of Civil Affairs民政部Ministry of Justice司法部Ministry of Finance财政部Ministry of Personnel人事部Ministry of Labor and Social Security劳动和社会保障部Ministry of Land and Resources国土资源部Ministry of Construction建设部Ministry of Railways铁道部Ministry of Communications交通部Ministry of Information Industry信息产业部Ministry of Water Resource水利部Ministry of Agriculture农业部Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation 对外贸易经济合作部Ministry of Culture文化部Ministry of Health 卫生部State Family Planning Commission国家计划生育委员会People’s Bank of China中国人民银行Governor行长National Audit Office审计署Auditor-General审计长Organizations directly under the State Council国务院直属机构General Administration of Customs中华人民共和国海关总署（海关总署）State Administration of Taxation国家税务总局（税务总局）State Environmental Protection Administration 国家环境保护总局（环保总局）General Administration of Civil Aviation of China中国民用航空总局（民航总局）State Administration of Radio, Film, and Television国家广播电影电视总局（广电总局）State General Administration of Sport国家体育总局（体育总局）National Bureau of Statistics国家统计局（统计局）State General Administration of Press and Publication 新闻出版署(中华人民共和国国State Forestry Administration国家林业局（林业局）State Intellectual Property Office国家知识产权局（知识产权局）National Tourism Administration国家旅游局（旅游局）State Administration of Religious Affairs国家宗教局（宗教局）Counselors’ Office of the State Council国务院参事室（参事室）Government Offices Administration of the State Council 国务院机关事务管理局(国管局)Functional Offices of the State Council国务院办事机构Overseas Chinese Affairs Office of the State Council国务院侨务办公室（侨办）Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office of the State Council 国务院港澳事务办公室(港澳办)Legislative affairs Office of the State Council国务院法制办公室（法制办）Economic Restructuring Office of the State Council国务院经济体制改革办公室Research Office of the State Council国务院研究室（国研室）Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council国务院台湾办公室（台办）Information Office of the State Council国务院新闻办公室（新闻办）Units directly under the State Council国务院直属事业单位Xinhua News Agency新华通讯社（新华社）Chinese Academy of Sciences国科学院（中科院）Chinese Academy of Social Sciences中国社会科学院（社科院）Chinese Academy of engineering中国工程院（工程院）Development Research Center of the State Council 国务院发展研究中心（发展研究中心）National School of Administration中国行政学院（行政学院）China Seismological Bureau中国地震局（地震局）China Meteorological Administration中国气象局（气象局）China Securities Regulatory Commission中国证券监督管理委员会（证监会）National Council for Social Security Fund全国社会保障基金理事会National Natural Science Foundation of China 国家自然科学基金委员会Bureaus under Ministries部委管理的国家局State Grain Administration国家粮食局（粮食局）State Tobacco Monopoly Administration国家烟草专卖局State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs 国家外国专家局（外专局）State Oceanic Administration国家海洋局（海洋局）State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping国家测绘局（测绘局）State Post Bureau国家邮政局（邮政局）State Administration of Cultural Heritage国家文物局（文物局）State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine国家中医药管理局（中医药局）State Administration of Foreign Exchange国家外汇管理局（外汇局）State Administration for Safe Production Supervision国家安全生产监督局State Letters and Complaints Bureau国家信访局State Archives Administration国家档案局National Administration for Protection of State Secrets 国家保密局。
政治英语词汇
For four years in a row（连续四年）a year-on-year increase（比上年增加）reform and opening up policy（改革开放政策）social programs（社会事业）per capita（每人的，人均的）after adjusting for inflation（扣除价格因素）moderately prosperous society（小康社会）macroeconomic regulatory（宏观调控）new socialist countryside（社会主义新农村）pursuant to the law（依法）rural migrant workers in cities（农民工）surplus production capacity（生产力过剩）opened to traffic（通车）energy conservation（节能）state-owned enterprises（国有企业）civil servant（公务员）made breakthroughs（取得突破）miscellaneous fees（杂费）secondary vocational schools（中等职业学校）incorporated villages（行政村）unincorporated villages（自然村）After years of effort（经过多年努力）basic cost of living allowances（最低生活保障）autonomous regions（自治区）free our minds（解放思想）follow a realistic and pragmatic approach（实事求是）keep pace with the times（与时俱进）Chinese socialism（中国特色社会主义）social harmony（社会和谐）special administrative regions（特别行政区）prudent fiscal policy.（稳健的财政政策）boosting domestic demand（扩大内需）cutting-edge（前沿）displaced residents（（三峡）移民）non-publicly funded schools（民办学校）school year（学年）communicable diseases（传染病）social safety net（社会保障）discharged military personnel（退伍军人）pyramid schemes（传销）pilot project（试点）Income Tax（所得税）futures market（期货市场）high value-added（高附加值）cutthroat competition（恶性竞争）hand over foot（大手大脚）plug up loopholes（堵塞漏洞）People's Armed Police（武警）starting point and objective（出发点和落脚点）socialist market economy（社会主义市场经济）Scientific Outlook on Development（科学发展观）harmonious socialist society（社会主义和谐社会）tailor measures to suit local conditions（因地制宜）（adjust measures to local conditions）South-to-North Water Diversion Project（南水北调）administrative examination and approval（行政审批）exercise activities for the general public（全民健身活动）large-scale development of the western region（西部大开发）processing industry for agricultural products（农产品加工业）municipalities directly under the central government（直辖市）primary, secondary and tertiary industry（第一第二第三产业）deliver a good report to the people.（向人民交出满意的答卷）socialist cultural and ethical progress（社会主义精神文明建设）give full play to the initiative of each.（充分发挥各自的积极性）registering the third consecutive annual increase（连续三年增加）physically and mentally challenged persons（残疾人，肢残和智残）resource-conserving and environmentally friendly society.（资源节约型和环境友好型社会）ensure that all of the people share in the fruits of reform and development.（让全体人民共享改革发展的成果）联合国粮农组织, United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)小康水平, A well-off/well-to-do standard of living小康社会, A well-off society扶贫, Help alleviate poverty扶贫运动, Anti-poverty programs脱贫致富, To shake off poverty and set out on the road to prosperity星火计划, Spark Program国务院扶贫办公室, The State Council’s Poverty Relief Office退耕还林, To revert farmlands to forests植树造林, Afforestation农村集市, Rural fair发展生产，繁荣经济, Develop production and bring about a prosperous economy 多种产业经济, Multi-industrial economy共同繁荣（富裕）, Common prosperity使农民走上富裕之路, To put farmers onto the way to wealth达到小康水平, Attain the well-off standard/achieve modest wealth解决温饱问题, Find a solution to basic problems of livelihood/solve the problems of food and clothing贫困地区, The hinterland/poverty-stricken areas中西部地区, The western and middle regions为吃穿问题发愁, To worry about sufficient food and clothing农业制度改革, Agricultural system reforms农业结构改革, A restructuring reform in agriculture农村经济改革, Rural economic reforms深化农村业改革, Deep the rural reform吃大锅饭, To feed on a communal pot打破大锅饭, To break up a communal pot发展乡镇企业, To develop township enterprises发展集体经济, To develop collective economy兴修水利, To launch water-conservancy projects多种农业经营, A diversified economy in agriculture减轻农民负担, Alleviate farmers’ heavy load/relieve peasants of their heavy burdens 补偿贸易, Compensation trade转口贸易, Transit trade/entrepot trade贸易争端, Trade disputes贸易顺差, Favorable trade balance贸易逆差, Unfavorable trade balance过境贸易, Transit trade贸易自由化, Trade liberalization自由贸易市场, Free markets and fairs乡村贸易市场, Village fair and rural market国际贸易顺差, Foreign trade surplus国际贸易逆差, Foreign trade deficits海关总署, General Customs Administration国际收支平衡, Balance of international payments互惠合同, Reciprocal contract撕毁合同, To tear up a contract跳蚤市场, Flea market拍卖市场, Auction market劳务市场, Labor market繁荣市场, Flourish the market调节市场, Regulate the market逛夜市, Visit night markets乱收费, Random charges提供销售奖券, Offer lottery tickets with purchasing薄利多销, To promote sales by lowering the profit margin市场疲软, A sluggish market单方贸易制裁, Unilateral trade sanctions双边贸易总额, Bilateral trade volume采取优惠政策, Adopt/launch a preferential policy建立经常的贸易联系, To establish regular trade relations中国国际贸易促进会, China Council for the promotion of International Trade中国远洋运输总公司, China General Ocean Shipping Company欧洲自由贸易区, European Free Trade Area国际贸易中心, International Trade Center北大西洋公约组织, North Atlantic Treaty Organization/NATO加入世贸组织, Accession/entry to the WTO关贸总协定, The General Agreement of Tariffs and Trade/GATT最惠国待遇, Most-Favored-Nation treatment互惠的基础上, On a reciprocal basis严格产品质量检查制度, To strictly observe the rules for checking quality of products乌拉圭回合谈判, The Uruguay Round一揽子协议, The package agreements商品贸易, Merchandise trade金融服务自由化, Financial service liberalization贸易国, Trading nations银行业执照, Banking licenses（中国）新的经济增长点, A new growth point of China’s economy摆脱困境, To be lifted from the difficulty situation饱和, Saturation逼债, Press sb to pay off the debts部委, Ministries and commissions财团, Consortium; syndicate财政、税收制度, The fiscal and taxation system国内时事Domestic Affairs中国共产党第十七次全国代表大会17th National Congress of Communist Party of China (17th NCCPC)中央政治局Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the CPC中央纪律检查委员会Central Commission for Discipline Inspection中共中央委员会CPC Central Committee全国人民代表大会(简称全国人大) National People’s Congress (NPC)九届全国人大四次会议the Fourth Session of the Ninth National People’s Congress 全国人大代表deputy to the National People’s Congress全国人民代表大会主席团the NPC Presidium全国人民代表大会常务委员会the NPC Standing Committee全国人民代表大会常务委员会办公厅the general offices of the NPC Standing Committee中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会(简称全国政协) National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (C PPCC)中国政协委员member of the National Committee of CPPCC最高人民法院Supreme People’s Court最高人民法院院长President of the Supreme People’s C ourt最高人民检察院Supreme People’s Procuratorate最高人民检察院检察长Procurator-General国务院State Council国家发展计划委员会State Development Planning Commission国家经济贸易委员会State Economic and Trade Commission国防科学技术工业委员会Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense国家民族事务委员会State Ethnic Affairs Commission公安部Ministry of Public Security安全部Ministry of State Security监察部Ministry of Supervision民政部Ministry of Civil Affairs司法部Ministry of Justice人事部Ministry of Personnel劳动和社会保障部Ministry of Labor and Social Security国土资源部Ministry of Land and Natural Resources铁道部Ministry of Railways交通部Ministry of Communications信息产业部Ministry of Information Technology and Telecommunications水利部Ministry of Water Resources对外贸易经济合作部Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Co-operation国家计划生育委员会State Family Planning Commission审计署Auditing Administration中共中央总书记General Secretary, the CPC Central Committee政治局常委Member, Standing Committee of Political Bureau, the CPC Central Committee政治局委员Member, Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee书记处书记Member, secretariat of the CPC Central Committee中央委员Member, Central Committee候补委员Alternate Member省委/市委书记Secretary,…Provincial/Municipal Committee of the CPC党组书记secretary, Party Leadership Group中华人民共和国主席/副主席President/Vice President, the People’s Republic of China全国人大委员长/副委员长Chairman/Vice Chairman, National People’s Congress 秘书长Secretary-General主任委员Chairman委员Member（地方人大）主任Chairman, Local People’s Congress人大代表Deputy to the People’s Congress国务院总理Premier, State Council副总理Vice Premier国务委员State Councilor秘书长Secretary-General（国务院各委员会）主任Minister in Charge of Commission for（国务院各部）部长Minister部长助理Assistant Minister司长Director局长Director省长Governor常务副省长Executive Vice Governor自治区人民政府主席Chairm an, Autonomous Regional People’s Government地区专员Commissioner, prefecture香港特别行政区行政长官Chief Executive, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region市长/副市长Mayor/Vice Mayor区长Chief Executive, District Government县长Chief Executive, County Government乡镇长Chief Executive, Township Government秘书长Secretary-General办公厅主任Director, General Office（部委办）主任Director处长/副处长Division Chief/Deputy Division Chief科长/股长Section Chief科员Clerk/Officer有中国特色的社会主义民主政治socialist democratic politics with Chinese characteristics邓小平理论Deng Xiaoping Theory三个代表three represents theory (the Party must always represent the requirements of the development of China’s advanced productive forces, the orientation of the development of China’s advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people in China.)高举邓小平理论伟大旗帜，全面贯彻“三个代表”重要思想hold high the banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory and carry out the important thoughts of "Three Represents"坚持解放思想、实事求是的思想路线，弘扬与时俱进的精神adhere to the ideological guideline of emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, and upholds the spirit of advancing with time.两大历史性课题（提高党的执政能力和领导水平、提高拒腐防变和抵御风险能力）the two major historic subjects of enhancing the abilities of administration and art of leadership and resisting corruption, guarding against degeneration and warding off risks.全面推进党的建设的新的伟大工程forge ahead with the new great project of Party building三讲教育：讲学习，讲政治，讲正气three emphases education (to stress theoretical study, political awareness and good conduct)新闻发布会news conference政府工作报告government’s work report国有企业state-owned enterprises (SOE)人均国内生产总值per-capita gross domestic product (GDP)国民生产总值gross national product (GNP)经济房low-cost housing西部大开发the strategy of developing the western region西部大开发战略develop-the-west strategy扩大住房贷款，助学贷款和大件消费品贷款expand housing loans, student loans and major commodity loans弱势群体disadvantaged groups (对弱势群体给予特殊的就业援助。
政治学类专业英语词汇
政治学类专业英语词汇！一院制Unicameral一党制国家One—party States人权Human rights 人权宣言Declarations of the Rights of Man and the Citizen工会Trade unions下议院House of Commons上议院House of Lords个人主义Individualism女权主义Feminism马列主义Marxism—Leninism马克思主义Marxism马基雅维里主义Machiavelli王权Crown无产阶级Proletariat无产阶专政Dictatorship of the proletariat无政府主义Anarchism专制Despotism专制政府/绝对专制主义Absolute government/absolutism中央与地方的关系Central/Local relations分权Separation of powers公共行政Public administration公民权利Civil rights公民自由Civil liberties正义Justice可审判性Justiciability平等Equality奴隶制Slavery占统治地位的党Dominant party代表Delegate 代议员Representative 代议制政府Representative government代表制Representation主权Sovereignty市民社会Civil society市（镇）长Major立宪主义Constitutionalism立宪政体Constitutional government立法机关Legislatures立法否决Legislative veto立法委员会Legislative committees立法起草Legislative drafting半总统制Semi-presidential systems议长Speaker议会制度Parliamentary system 司法机构Judiciary司法行政官Magistrate司法审查Judicial review民主Democracy民主党Democratic Party民主集中制Democratic centralism民意测验Opinion polls共产党CommunistParties共和国Republic机构/制度Institution权力Power权利Rights权利法案Bill of rights权威Authority妇女选举权Women’s suffrage地方长官Prefect地方政府Local government地方政府财政Local government finance地方政治Local politics同意Consent同意投票Approval voting 团体理论Group theory邦联Confederation邦联条例Articles of Confederation自由Freedom自由党Liberal parties自由裁量权Discretion 自决Self-determination自治Self-government自治领Dominion行为主义Behaviouralism行政Administration行政机关Executives政委员Administrative board行政法庭Administrative tribunal 行政法院Administrative court州长Governor多元主义Pluralism多元社会Plural society多头制Polyarchy多数派政府Majority government多数统治Majority rule决策Decision making决策理论Decision theory农奴制Serfdom阶层/阶级Class麦迪逊，詹姆斯Madison,James苏格拉底Socrates极权主义Totalitarianism否决权Veto投票Voting投票率Turnout护宪Entrenchment财产权Property利益Interests利益表达与聚合Interest articulation and aggregation利益集团Interest group 言论，表达和出版自由Freedom of speech,expression,and the press社区/共同体Community社团主义Corporatism社会主义Socialism社会民主主义Social democracy社会契约论Social contract君主制Monarchy责任Responsibility责任政府Responsible government直接民主Direct democracy直接行动Direct action杰斐逊，托马斯Jefferson,Thomas欧洲议会European Parliament欧洲共同体European Community歧视Discrimination国际法International Law国家State国家元首Head of state国家消亡Withering away of the state国家财政危机Fiscal crisis of the state非暴力反抗Civil disobedience非暴力行为Non-violent action制定法Statute Law制衡Checks and balance委任Patronage委员会Commission质询Interpellation法Law法令Act法官Judge法治Rule of law法律的正当程序Due process of law法案，议案Bill宗教自由Freedom of religion 审判Adjudication审查制度Censorship官僚制/官僚Bureaucracy实证主义Positivism封建主义Feudalism革命和反革命Revolution and counter-revolution政体Polity政纲platform政变Coup D’etat政府Government政府组成过程Government formation process政府首脑Head of government政府调查Public inquiry政治Politics政治义务Political obligation政治文化Political culture政治中的种族问题Race in politics 政治心理学Political psychology政治发展Political development政治行动委员会（美国）Political actioncommittee政治行为研究Political behaviour政治地理学Political geography政治权力Political power政治局（及常务委员会）Politburo(and Pesidium)政治沟通Political communication政治体系/政治系统Political system政治参与Political participation政治财政Political finance政治科学Political science政治社会化Political socialization政治社会学Political sociology政治学的定量方法Quantitative methods in politics政治态度Political attitudes政治腐败Political corruption政治继承Political succession政治理论Political theory政治暴力Political violence政治影响Political influence政治整合/政治一体化Political integratio政党分赃制Spoils system政党认同Party identification政党代表大会Party convention政党功能Parties,political:functions of 政党组织Party organization政党核心集团Machine政党秘密会议Caucus政策分析Policy analysis政策实施Implementation政策输出研究Policy output studies城市政府City government城邦国家City state贵族/贵族制Aristocracy思想库Think tank看守政府Caretaker government选区Constituency选民登记Registration of electors选择投票Ticket-splitting选择领导Leadership selection选举Elections选举团Electoral college选举纲领Election program选举制度Electoral system选票Ballot重农主义Physiocracy 重划选区Redistribution重商主义Mercantilism种族灭绝Genocide种族主义Racism种族隔离Apartheid 顺从Deference保守主义Conservatism保守党Conservative parties保护主义Clientelism修正主义Revisionism 独立机构Independent agency独立宣言Declaration of Independence独裁主义，权威主义Authoritarianism独裁制Autocracy帝国Empire帝国主义Imperialism美国革命American Revolution美国国会Congress 美国辉格党Whig:U.S.首相（总理）/首相（总理）制政府Primeminister/Prime ministerial government总统，总统制President/Presidential system总罢工General strike总督Governor-General派别Faction咨询和同意Advice and consent宣传Propaganda宪法Constitutional law宪法规约Convention of theconstitution宪法/宪政Constitution/constitutionalism神权政治Theocracy神授王权Divine right of kings费边主义Fabianism绝对专制主义Absolutism统治阶级Ruling class统治能力Governability恐怖Terror恐怖主义Terrorism格劳修斯Grotius监护Tutelage监察专员Ombudsman党派首领Boss罢免Recall恩格斯Engels缺席投票Absence voting特权Prerogative特许状Charter秘密警察Secret police 倒台与政权更迭Breakdown and regime change候选人选择candidate selection爱国主义Patriotism被保护国Protectorate竞争性政党制度Competitive party system竞选运动Election campaign部门Department 部长，部Minister/Ministry部长会议Council of Ministers准司法Quasi-judicial准--非政府组织Quango资历制Seniority资产阶级Bourgeoisie资本主义Capitalism浮动投票人Floating vote浪漫主义Romanticism宽容Toleration家长型控制Paternalism调查委员会Select committee预算，预算编制Budget/Budgeting陪审团Jury理性Rationality理性选择方法Rational choice教权主义Clericalism教会与国家Church and State基本权利Fundamental right基层党组织Primary party organization职能代表Functional representation授权立法Delegated legislation授权学说Mandate theory常设委员会Standing committee累计投票Cumulative vote唯心主义Idealism领导Leadership第二院，上议院Second chambers康德Kant混合政府Mixed government弹劾Impeachment隐私Privacy殖民统治Colonial government联合，联合政府Coalition/Coalition government联合民主Consociational democracy联合国United Nations联邦制Federalism联邦党人文集Federalist Papers 联盟，联合League超载Overload超国家政府Supranational government 博爱Fraternity斯大林Stalin斯宾诺莎Spinoza斯密，亚当Smith,Adam 最低下限Droop quota最高行政法院Conseil d’AEtat最高法院Supreme court黑格尔Hegal辉格党与托利党Whigs and Tories等级Estates集体主义Collectivism集体行动Collective action集体领导Collective leadership集合理论Coalition theory街区选举，集团投票Block vote普通法Common law游说Lobbying雇主组织Employer’s organization强制性投票Compulsory voting鼓励性行动Affirmative action路德，马丁Luther,Martin解散议会Dissolution of parliament意识形态Ideology新左派New Left新右派New Right新政New deal新教政党Protestant parties福利国家Welfare state群众性政党Mass membership party僭主制/暴政Tyranny寡头制Oligarchy寡头政治铁律Iron law of oligarchy精英，精英主义Elites,Elitism精英理论Doctrine of elites腐败选区Rotten borough弊政Maladministration熊彼特Schumpeter影子内阁Shadow cabinet暴力Violence潘恩Paine霍布斯Hobbes穆勒Mill激进主义Radicalism激进政党Radical parties 整体主义Holism辩证法Dialectic辩证唯物主义Dialectical materialism警察Police警察国家Police staterequest the consent of ...征求…的同意Information service新闻处diplomat外交官diplomatic rank外交官衔diplomatic representative外交代表ambassador大使ambassador-at-large巡回大使special envoy特使counselor参赞consul-general总领事consul领事charge d'affaires代办attache随员commercial attache商务专员cultural attache文化专员military attache武官foreign affairs外交事务diplomatic practice外交惯例diplomatic immunities外交豁免diplomatic privileges外交特权diplomatic channels外交途径diplomatic courier外交信使diplomatic bag外交邮袋diplomatic pouch外交邮袋letter of credence/credentials 国书communique公报announcement公告announcement通告letter of introduction介绍书National People's Congress 全国人民代表大会Fifteenth National Congress 第十五次全国代表大会Standing committee常务委员会National Committee全国委员会Chairman委员长Vice Chairpersons副委员长State Council国务院Premier总理Vice Premier副总理State Councillors国务委员Central Committee中央委员会State President国家主席Chairman主席Vice Chairman副主席General Secretary总书记Central Military Committee 中央军事委员会Supreme People's Court最高人民法院Ministry of Finance财政部Ministry of Public Security 公安部Ministry of Supervision监察部Ministry of Communications 交通部Ministry of Education教育部Ministry of Personnel人事部memorandum/aide-memoire 备忘录statement声明mutual recognition互相承认de jure recognition法律承认de facto recognition事实上承认identification card身份证Ministry of Justice司法部Propaganda Department宣传部People's organization人民团体Ministry of Foreign Affairs 外交部Consulate-general总领事馆Consulate领事馆Liaison office联络处Military attache's office武官处certificate of appointment委任证书exequatur许可证书proceed to take up one's post 赴任express regret表示遗憾object to提出异议take up a matter with 向…交涉lodge a protest with向…提出抗议verbal note普通照会circular note通知照会normalization正常化present one's credentials递交国书exchange ambassadors互派大使persona grata受欢迎的人during one's absence离任期间declaration/manifesto宣言letter of recall召回公文note(外交)照会formal note正式照会establish consular relations 建立领事关系assume one's post就任resume diplomatic relations恢复外交关系中国共产党中央委员会Central Committee of the Communist Party of China中央政治局Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the CPC中央政治局常务委员会Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC中央书记处Secretariat of the Central Committee of the CPC中央军事委员会Central Military Commission of the CPC中央纪律检查委员会Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC中央办公厅General Office, CCCPC中央组织部Organization Department, CCCPC中央宣传部Publicity Department, CCCPC中央统一战线部United Front Work Department, CCCPC中央对外联络部International Liaison Department, CCCPC中央政法委员会Committee of Political and Legislative Affairs, CCCPC中央政策研究室Policy Research Office, CCCPC中央直属机关工作委员会Work Committee for Offices Directly under the CCCPC中央国家机关工作委员会State Organs Work Committee of the CPC中央台湾工作委员会Taiwan Affairs Office, CCCPC中央对外宣传办公室International Communication Office, CCCPC中央党校Party School of the CPC中央党史研究室Party History Research Centre, CCCPC中央文献研究室Party Literature Research Centre, CCCPC中央翻译局Compilation and Translation Bureau, CCCPC中央外文出版发行事业局China Foreign Languages Publishing and Distribution Administration中央档案馆Archives Bureau, CCCPC《中国人民政治协商会议及其机构》The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) and Its Structure中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会National Committee of the CPPCC中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会常务委员会Standing Committee of the National Committee of the CPPCC中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会办公厅General Offices of the CPPCC National Committee专门委员会Special Committee提案委员会Committee for Handling Proposals经济委员会Committee for Economic Affairs人口资源环境委员会Committee of Population, Resources and Environment教科文卫体委员会Committee of Education, Science, Culture, Health and Sports社会和法制委员会Committee for Social and Legal Affairs民族和宗教委员会Committee for Ethnic and Religious Affairs文史资料委员会Committee of Cultural and Historical Data港澳台侨委员会Committee for Liaison with Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and Overseas Chinese外事委员会Committee of Foreign Affairs中国人民政治协商委员会地方委员会CPPCC Local Committees《中国政党Chinese Parties》中国共产党(中共)Communist Party of China (CPC)中国国民党革命委员会(民革)Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang 中国民主同盟(民盟)Chinese Democratic League中国民主建国会(民建)China Democratic National Construction Association中国民主促进会(民进)China Association for Promoting Democracy中国农工民主党Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic Party中国致公党China Zhi Gong Dang九三学社Jiu San Society台湾民主自治同盟(台盟)Taiwan Democratic SelfGovernment League。
学习描述政治和社会问题的词汇
学习描述政治和社会问题的词汇在学习描述政治和社会问题的词汇时，我们需要了解一些基本的术语和词汇，以便能够准确地表达我们的观点和意见。
本文将探讨一些常用的政治和社会问题词汇，并提供一些例句以帮助我们更好地理解其用法和含义。
1. 政治问题词汇1.1 民主（democracy）：指一种政治制度，其中权力来自于人民，人民通过选举代表参与政治决策。
例句：民主是人类追求平等和公正的重要方式之一。
1.2 独裁（dictatorship）：指一种非民主的政治制度，由一个人或一小群人掌握权力，政治权力高度集中。
例句：这个国家存在着一个独裁政权，公民的权利受到了严重的限制。
1.3 政府（government）：指负责管理和治理国家事务的组织机构。
例句：政府应该致力于解决社会问题，提高人民的福祉。
1.4 政策（policy）：指政府针对某个问题或领域所采取的规定和行动方针。
例句：制定一项全面的环境保护政策对于减少污染至关重要。
1.5 政治参与（political participation）：指公民参与政治事务和政治决策的活动。
例句：政治参与是每个公民的权利和责任。
2. 社会问题词汇2.1 贫困（poverty）：指人们生活水平低下，缺乏基本的经济资源和社会福利的状态。
例句：减少贫困是实现社会公平的关键挑战之一。
2.2 社会不公平（social inequality）：指社会中不同群体之间资源、权力和机会的不平等分配。
例句：我们需要采取措施减少社会不公平现象，确保每个人都能享有平等的机会。
2.3 犯罪（crime）：指违反法律规定，损害社会安全和公序良俗的行为。
例句：政府应该采取更严厉的措施来打击犯罪行为，保护公民的安全。
2.4 教育（education）：指传授知识、技能和价值观的过程，通过教育可以提升个人的能力和素质。
例句：教育是推动社会进步和人才培养的重要手段。
2.5 媒体（media）：指传播信息、观点和意见的途径和工具，包括报纸、电视、广播和互联网等。
必由之路的政治相关词汇
必由之路的政治相关词汇1. 国家主权：指一个国家在其领土上实施独立和完全的控制权。
2. 政治体制：指一个国家或地区的政治组织和制度安排的形式和性质。
3. 政府：指国家内权力机关的集合，负责管理国家事务和实施政策。
4. 政党：指在特定政治目标基础上组织起来的政治组织，参与和竞争政府权力。
5. 政治家：指在政治领域中参与和执掌国家事务的人士，具有影响力和权力。
6. 民主：指一种政治体制和价值观，其中公民能够平等参与政治决策和管理国家事务。
7. 独裁：指一种政治体制，由一个人或小部分人掌握绝对权力，不接受民众的意见和参与。
8. 缺乏透明度：指政治决策过程缺乏公开和透明，不受民众监督。
9. 平等权利：指每个公民都享有平等的政治权利和机会。
10. 双赢合作：指通过合作和谈判达成的政治协议或安排，使各方都能从中受益。
11. 国际关系：指各国之间的政治、经济、军事和文化等方面的相互关系。
12. 政治稳定：指一个国家的政治环境相对平稳和和谐，没有重大社会动荡或政治冲突。
13. 公民权利：指公民在国家范围内享有的权益和自由。
14. 领导力：指个人或组织的能力和潜力，能够有效地引导和管理政治事务。
15. 雇佣军：指受雇于外国政府或组织的军事人员，执行特定任务或军事行动。
16. 选举：指公民通过投票选择或决定政府领导人或政治组织的过程。
17. 反腐败：指打击和预防在政治领域发生的贪污、非法交易和滥用权力的行为。
18. 政治改革：指为了推动和改进政治体制和政治组织而进行的变革和转型。
19. 政治激进主义：指一种极端政治立场或意识形态，强调暴力和根本性改变体制。
20. 中立性：指政治行为、决策和制度不偏袒某个特定利益集团或观点，保持公正和公平。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
政治词汇（国家各部门）两会指的是：NPC和CPPCC中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会(CPPCC)中国共产党(CPC)中国共产党中央委员会（CCCPC）全国人民代表大会(NPC)中华人民共和国(PRC)中国人民解放军（CPLA）------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会 （简称 全国政协）National Committeeof the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC)中国政协委员 member of the National Committee of CPPCCNational People's Congress （简称 全国人大）全国人民代表大会(NPC)全国人大代表deputy to the National People's Congress全国人民代表大会主席团 the NPC Presidium全国人民代表大会常务委员会 the NPC Standing Committee全国人民代表大会常务委员会办公厅the general offices of the NPC Standing Committee九届全国人大五次会议 the Fifth Session of the Ninth NPCCommunist Party of China 中国共产党 (CPC)Central Committee of the Communist Party of China（CCCPC）中国共产党中央委员会中共中央总书记 General Secretary, the CPC Central Committee政治局常委Member, Standing Committee of Political Bureau, the CPC Central Committee政治局委员 Member, Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee书记处书记 Member, secretariat of the CPC Central Committee中央委员 Member, Central Committee候补委员 Alternate Member省委/市委书记 Secretary, Provincial/Municipal Committee of the CPC党组书记 secretary, Party Leadership Group中央政治局Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the CPC中央政治局常务委员会Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC 中央书记处Secretariat of the Central Committee of the CPC中央军事委员会Central Military Commission of the CPC中央纪律检查委员会Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC中央办公厅General Office, CCCPC中央组织部Organization Department, CCCPC中央宣传部Publicity Department, CCCPC中央统一战线部United Front Work Department, CCCPC中央对外联络部International Liaison Department, CCCPC中央政法委员会Committee of Political and Legislative Affairs, CCCPC中央政策研究室Policy Research Office, CCCPC中央直属机关工作委员会Work Committee for Offices Directly under the CCCPC中央国家机关工作委员会State Organs Work Committee of the CPC中央台湾工作委员会Taiwan Affairs Office, CCCPC中央对外宣传办公室International Communication Office, CCCPC中央党校Party School of the CPC中央党史研究室Party History Research Centre, CCCPC中央文献研究室Party Literature Research Centre, CCCPC中央翻译局Compilation and Translation Bureau, CCCPC中央外文出版发行事业局China Foreign Languages Publishing and Distribution Administration中央档案馆Archives Bureau, CCCPC中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会National Committee of the CPPCC中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会常务委员会Standing Committee of the National Committee of the CPPCC中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会办公厅General Offices of the CPPCC National Committee中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会常务委员会中华人民共和国主席/副主席 President/Vice President, the People's Republic of China全国人大委员长/副委员长 Chairman/Vice Chairman, National People's Congress全国人大常委会委员长 Chairman of the Standing Committee of The National People's Congress中央军委主席Chairman of the Central Military Commission全国政协主席Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference国家副主席 Vice President中央书记处书记 Members of the Secretariat of the Central Committee中共中央党校校长Chairman of the Spiritual Civilization Development Steering Commission中央精神文明建设指导委员会主任Chairman of the Spiritual Civilization Development Steering Commission 中央纪律检查委员会书记 Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection中央政法委书记Secretary of the political and judiciary commission under the central committee ofthe communist party of china国务院常务副总理 Executive Vice Premier of the State Council中央政治局常委Member of the Standing Committee of CPC Political Bureau中国人民政治协商委员会地方委员会CPPCC Local Committees中国国民党革命委员会(民革)Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang中国民主同盟(民盟)Chinese Democratic League中国民主建国会(民建)China Democratic National Construction Association中国民主促进会(民进)China Association for Promoting Democracy中国农工民主党Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic Party九三学社Jiu San Society立法机关 LEGISLATURE中华人民共和国主席/副主席 President/Vice President, the People’s Republic of China 全国人大委员长/副委员长 Chairman/Vice Chairman, National People’s Congress政府机构 GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION自治区人民政府主席 Chairman, Autonomous Regional People’s Government秘书长 Secretary-General主任委员 Chairman委员 Member（地方人大）主任 Chairman, Local People's Congress人大代表 Deputy to the People's Congress国务院总理 Premier, State Council ，Premier of the State Council国务委员 State Councilor组织部长Head of the Organization Department宣传部长Head of the Propaganda DepartmentHead of the Publicity Department财政部长Head of the Finance Department部长助理 Assistant Minister常务副省长 Executive Vice Governor地区专员 Commissioner, prefecture香港特别行政区行政长官 Chief Executive, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region市长/副市长 Mayor/Vice Mayor区长 Chief Executive, District Government县长 Chief Executive, County Government乡镇长 Chief Executive, Township Government秘书长 Secretary-General办公厅主任Director, General Office（部委办）主任Director处长/副处长 Division Chief/Deputy Division Chief科长/股长 Section Chief科员 Clerk/Officer发言人 Spokesman顾问 Adviser参事 Counselor巡视员 Inspector/Monitor特派员 Commissioner外交官衔 DIPLOMATIC RANK特命全权大使Ambassador Extraordinary and plenipotentiary公使 Minister政务参赞 Political Counselor商务参赞 Commercial Counselor经济参赞 Economic Counselor新闻文化参赞 Press and Cultural Counselor 公使衔参赞 Minister-Counselor商务专员 Commercial Attaché经济专员 Economic Attaché文化专员 Cultural Attaché商务代表 Trade Representative一等秘书 First Secretary武官 Military Attaché档案秘书 Secretary-Archivist司法、公证、公安JUDICIARY,NOTARY AND PUBLIC SECURITY 人民法院院长 President, People’ Courts人民法庭庭长 Chief Judge, People’ Tribunals审判长 Chief Judge审判员 Judge书记 Clerk of the Court法医 Legal Medical Expert法警 Judicial Policeman人民检察院检察长 Procurator-General,People’s procuratorate 监狱长 Warden律师 Lawyer公证员 Notary Public总警监 Commissioner General警监 Commissioner警督 Supervisor警司 Superintendent警员 Constable专门委员会Special Committee提案委员会Committee for Handling Proposals经济委员会Committee for Economic Affairs人口资源环境委员会Committee of Population, Resources and Environment教科文卫体委员会Committee of Education, Science, Culture, Health and Sports社会和法制委员会Committee for Social and Legal Affairs民族和宗教委员会Committee for Ethnic and Religious Affairs文史资料委员会Committee of Cultural and Historical Data港澳台侨委员会Committee for Liaison with Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and Overseas Chinese外事委员会Committee of Foreign Affairs台湾民主自治同盟(台盟)Taiwan Democratic Self Government League香港特别行政区行政长官 Chief Executive, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region发言人 Spokesman顾问 Advisor。