人教版高中英语必修五 Unit2 The United Kingdom-词汇篇(学生版)

人教版高中英语必修五 Unit2 The United Kingdom-词汇篇（学生版）
Unit2 The United Kingdom-词汇篇
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1.掌握重点词汇的搭配及用法，能够正确完成基础类型题。

2.掌握重点句型的用法，会模仿句型进行写作和翻译。

◆重点词组：
1. keep your eyes open 睁大你的眼睛
2. consist of由…组成
3. leave out省去不考虑遗漏
4. divide into 分成
5. prepare to 准备
6. compare A with B 与…比
7. compare A to B 把A比作B
8. asked the boss on the phone 通过电话
9. work out 做出；解决；设计出；计算出；锻炼；发展，进行；
work on对..起作用；企图影响或说服，忙于
work in 在…工作
Keys: 1) the team consists of 12 players.
2)The beauty of the artist's style consists in its simplicity.
2. 区别: Ø separate ... from (把联合在一起或靠近的人或物分离出来）
Ø divide...into 把…分开（把整体分为若干部分）
e.g. The teacher divided the class into two groups.
e.g. The Taiwan Strait separates Taiwan from Fujian.
3. debate about sth.
e.g. They debate about the proposal for three days. ★ debate/argue/discuss/quarrel辩论,争论
【解析】debate就已经确定或统一的问题,各述己见,公开,正式的争论.含交锋的意思；
argue指提出理由或事实，试图在争辩中说服对方，或促使他人拥护自己倡导的理由或观点；
discuss指一般讨论,谈论；
quarrel常指因琐事而感到气愤,进行争吵【练习】
选择debate/argue/discuss/quarrel或puzzle并用其适当的形式填空
1）The couple are always __________quarreling about the past.
2）Have you _________ the problem with anyone? 3）I _________ with her all day about the situation. Keys: 1）quarreling 2）discussed 3）argued 4. clarify: vt./vi. (cause sth. to )become clear or easier to understand 澄清；阐明;清楚；明了
e.g. I hope what I say will clarify the situation.
e.g. Can you clarify the question?
5. be linked to = be connected to /be joined to 连接【习惯用语】★ link A to B 将A和B连接起来
6. refer to
1)提及，指的是……
e.g. When he said “some students”, do you think he was referring to us?
2) 参考；查阅；询问
e.g. If you don't understand a word you may refer to your dictionaries.
e.g. Please refer to the last page of the book for answers.
3) 关系到；关乎
e.g. What I have to say refers to all of you.
e.g. This rule refers to everyone.
★ reference: n. 参考
e.g. reference books 参考书
7. to one's surprise (prep)
“to one’s +名词” 表“令某人……”，
常见的名词有“delight, disappointment, enjoyment, astonishment 等。

e.g. I discovered, to my horror, that the goods were entirely unfit for sale.
To John's great relief they reached the house at last.
8. ... found themselves united peacefully
“find +宾语＋宾补( adj; adv; v-ing; pp; 介词短语；不定式）”
e.g. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen.
e.g. You’ll find him easy to get along with.
e.g. They found themselves trapped by the bush fire.
e.g. When I woke up, I found myself in hospital.
e.g. I called on him yesterday, but I found him out.
9. leave out省去,遗漏
[典例] 1) You have left out the most important word in this sentence.
你在这一句中遗漏了最重要的一个单词。

2) Don't leave me out when you invite people to your party.
当你邀请人们去参加晚会时，别把我漏掉了。

[重点用法] leave for 动身到(某处) leave alone不管;撇下…一个人
leave aside搁置leave behind 遗忘;遗留
[练习] 请填人适当的介词或副词：
1) They were left ______ in the wilderness.
2) He was asked to make up the information left
______ by the leader.
Keys: 1) alone 2) out
10. break down损坏，跨，压倒，分解
[典例]
1) The bridge broke down. 桥塌了。

2) The engine broke down. 发动机坏了。

3) He has broken down from overwork. 他因工作过度而累垮了。

4) Water can be broken down into hydrogen and oxygen. 水可以分解为氢和氧。

5) The plan to build another chemical work has broken down because it will cause serious pollution. 再建一个化工厂的计划失败了，因为这将引起严重的污染。

[词汇激活]
break away from摆脱，脱离
break in闯入；插话
break into闯入；破门而人；打断(谈话)
break off中止；折断；打折
break out爆发；突然发生
break through突破；冲垮
break up分解；(使)结束;分开,分离
[练习] 请填人适当的介词或副词：
1)To understand the grammar of the sentence, you must break it ___________ into pieces.
2) The elevator broke _______.
3) Fighting broke_______ in the prison cells.
4)Fire broke _______during the night.
5) On the way to the prison house, the prisoners suddenly broke _______ from the policeman. Keys: 1) down 2) down 3) out 4) out 5) away 11. take the place of代替,取代
[典例] 1) In the future, natural gas will take the place of petrol as the major fuel.
将来天然气会代替汽油成为主要的能源。

2) I’ll take the place of Mr. Lin next week. =I’ll take Mr. Lin's place next week.
下周我将代替林老师。

[重点用法]
take place发生；举行
take one's place就位；代替某人
in place of (= instead of)代替
in place在适当的位置
out of place不得其所，不适当地
in the first place首先
from place to place到处；各处
[练习] 选择以上短语填空
1) A sudden accident _______ in the street last evening.
2)She likes everything _______ before she starts to work. She hates a mess.
Keys: 1)took place 2)in place
12. influence
1) v. 对…产生影响
e.g. What influence you to choose a career in teaching?
2)可数n. 产生影响的人或事
e.g. He is one of the good influences in the school.
3) (不可数n.) 影响
e.g. A teacher has great influence over his pupils.
13. There is no need to debate any more about why
different words are used to describe the four countries. 没有必要去争论为什么要用不同的词去描述这四个国家。

[解释] There is no need to do没有必要做某事There is no doubt that ……是毫无疑问的
[练习] 翻译
1) 我们有必要再去那一趟吗?
2) 没必要给他写封信告知这个消息.
Keys: 1) Is there any need for us to go there again?
2) There is no need to write to him and inform him the news.
14. It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London. 这似乎是一件怪事:这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，而且在伦敦去世.
[解释] It is/seems/…that …从句用虚拟语气，由“should+v.原形”构成
[典例] 1) It is strange that my mother should agree with me.真奇怪我妈妈竟然答应了我。

2) It was strange that my mother should have agreed with me. 真奇怪我妈妈竟然答应了我。

[练习] 翻译
1）真奇怪,他竟然考试不及格.
2）似乎很奇怪，他能够通过触摸判断花的种类。

Key: 1) It’s strange that he should fail the exam.
2) It seemed strange that he could tell the different kinds of flower by touching.
1. The lecture given by the professor ________ the students’ attention.
A. paid
B. attracted
C. pushed
D. used
2. It’s said that the team ________ twelve top European players.
A. consists of
B. is consisted of
C. made up of
D. make up of
3. The teacher stressed again that the students should not ________ any important details while retelling a story.
A. bring out
B. let out
C. leave out
D. make out
4. The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without ________his notes.
A. bringing up
B. referring to
C. looking for
D. trying on
5. He hasn’t slept at all for three days. ________he is tired out.
A. There is no point
B. There is no need
C. It is
no wonder D. It is no way
基础演练
一、用适当的介、副词填空。

1. How many countries does the UK consist
________?
2. Wales was linked ________ it in the thirteenth century.
3. Next England and Wales were joined ________ Scotland ________ the seventeenth century and the name was changed ________ “Great Britain”.
4. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom
________ getting Ireland connected ________ the same peaceful way.
5. ________ their credit the four countries do work together ________ some areas, but they still have very different institutions.
6. ________ example, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have different educational and legal systems as well as different football teams ________ competitions ________ the World Cup!
7. England is the largest ________ the four countries, and ______ convenience it is divided roughly
________ three zones.
8. ________ historical architecture you have to go to older but smaller towns built ________ the Romans.
9. The greatest historical treasure ________ all is London ________ its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings.
10. If you look ________ the British countryside you will find evidence ________ all these invaders.
巩固提高
Ⅱ.佳句翻译与仿写
1. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.
翻译：
_____________________________________________ ________ ___________________
仿写：他发现这个地方发生了巨变。

_____________________________________________ ________ ___________________
2. To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas (eg, the currency and international relations), but they still have very different institutions.
翻译：
_____________________________________________ ________ ___________________
_____________________________________________ _______ ___________________
仿写：他觉得她救他是应该的——她也确实救了他。

_____________________________________________ ________ ___________________
_____________________________________________ _______ ___________________
3. Although, nationwide, these cities are not as large as those in China, they have world-famous football teams and some of them even have two!
翻译：
_____________________________________________ ________ ___________________
_____________________________________________ _______ ___________________
仿写：我虽然有车，但因为交通堵塞很少使用。

_____________________________________________ ________ ___________________
_____________________________________________ _______ ___________________
4. It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the
nineteenth century do not attract visitors.
翻译：
_____________________________________________ ________ ___________________
_____________________________________________ _______ ___________________
仿写：你不能再多停留些时间，真是遗憾。

_____________________________________________ ________ ___________________
_____________________________________________ _______ ___________________
5. You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.
翻译：
_____________________________________________ _______ ___________________
_____________________________________________ _______ ___________________
仿写：
(1)请保持地面干净。

_____________________________________________ ________ ___________________
(2)他所说的让我很生气。

_____________________________________________ ________ _________________
一、单项填空
1. People may wonder why different words are used ________ these four countries：England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland.
A. to describe
B. to describing
C. describe
D. for describe
2. Now when people ________ England you find Wales included as well.
A. stick to
B. keep to
C. refer to
D. point to
3. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland ________ in the same peaceful way.
A. to connect
B. connected
C. connect
D. connecting
4. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and ________ to form its own government.
A. broke down
B. broke away
C. broke up
D. broke out
5. (2019. 桐乡模拟)Any help from you will be greatly appreciated. Please give me a re ply at your
earliest________.
A. convenience
B. consideration
C. interruption
D. imagination
6. Although, nationwide, these cities are not as large as ________ in China, they have world-famous football teams and some of them even have two!
A. it
B. one
C. that
D. those
7. It is a pity that the industrial cities ________ in the nineteenth century do not ________ visitors.
A. building; attack
B. built; attack
C. to build; attract
D. built; attract
8. (2019·陕西榆林六校第四次质量训
练)________more tourists, travel agencies from both China and the DPRK have developed a package of new products.
A. Attracting
B. Attracted
C. To attract
D. Having attracted
二、选词填空
be known as, make up, as well, link...to..., break
away from, look around, to one’s credit, under construction
1. He will come to Canada next month and of course, his wife will come ________________.
2. Generally speaking, lung disease
________________________ smoking.
3. Oxford ________________________ one of the best universities in the world.
4. It is greatly ________________________ that you have passed such a difficult exam.
5. The boy ________________ a story. It was not true.
6. Some roads are blocked because they are
________________.
7. What can we do to help them to
________________________ the difficult position? 8. Would you please lead me to ________________ your factory?
____________________________________________ _____________________________________
____________________________________________ _____________________________________
一、单词拼写
1. We must u________ to fight against racism.
2. The drama course should give me enough
c________ to finish my degree.
3. This is a c________ of Tang-Song poems, which I like very much.
4. The film a________ a great number of young people to go to the cinema.
5. Though the task was difficult, they managed to
a________ it in time.
6. Living in the city is much more expensive than in the c________.
7. I hope this ________ (阐明) my position.
8. We have provided seats for the ________(方便) of our customers.
9. We offer you our sincerest wishes for a very
________(令人愉快的) Mother’s Day.
10. Your hand was ________(粗糙的) but strong and warm.
二、单项填空
1. There are plenty of jobs ________ in the western part of the country.
A. present
B. available
C. possible
D. convenient
2. She’s arranged ________ swimming lessons next month.
A. her son to have
B. for her son to have
C. for her son having
D. her son having
3. The building was named Ford Hall ________a man named James Ford.
A. in need of
B. in memory of
C. in charge of
D. in search of
4. —How about your journey to Mount Emei? —Everything was wonderful except that our car
________ twice on the way.
A. slowed down
B. broke down
C. got down
D. put down
5. ________, many countries have promised to do what they can to slow the climate change.
A. With our great delight
B. Greatly to our delight
C. Great to our delight
D. To our delighted
6. (2019·厦门质量检测)If you sit in an office all day long and rarely________, you’re likely to suffer from neck and back pains.
A. cut in
B. work out
C. break down
D. stay up
7. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ________ whether they will enjoy it.
A. to see
B. to be seen
C. seeing
D. seen
8. —My cat’s really fat.
—You ________have given her so much food.
A. wouldn’t
B. couldn’t
C. shouldn’t
D. mustn’t
9. ________ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.
A. What
B. Which
C. Why
D. While
10. (2019·石家庄质量检测二)To my mind, the secret to happiness ________your successful work and your contribution towards others’ happiness.
A. results in
B. consists in
C. brings in
D. takes in
三、完形填空
One afternoon I toured an art museum and I was looking forward to a quiet view of the masterpieces. A young couple viewing the paintings ahead of me talked __1__ between themselves. I watched them a moment and __2__ she was doing all
the talking.
I __3__ his patience for putting up with her talkativeness. __4__ by their noise, I moved on. I
__5__ with them several times as I moved through the various rooms of art. Each time I heard her
__6__ flood of words, I moved away quickly. I was __7__ a purchase at the counter of the gift shop when I __8__ the couple approaching the exit. Before they left, the man took out a walking stick and then __9__ his way into the coatroom to get his wife’s jacket.
“He’s a __10__ man，” the clerk at the counter said. “Most of us would give in if we were __11__ at such a young age. During his recovery, he made a vow(发誓) he wouldn’t __12__. So, as before he and his wife come in whenever there’s a new __13__ show.”
“But what does he get out of the art？” I asked. “He can’t see.”
“Can’t see! You’re __14__. He sees a lot. More than you or I do.” The clerk said. “His wife __15__ each painting so he can see it in his __16__.”
I __17__ something about patience, courage and love that day. I saw the __18__ of a young wife
describing paintings to a person without __19__ and the courage of a husband who would not allow blindness to change his life. And I saw the love
__20__ by two people as I watched this couple walk away hand in hand.
1. A. continuously B. secretly C. silently D. carefully
2. A. said B. warned C. decided D. appreciated
3. A. hated B. admired C. ignored D. expected
4. A. Delighted B. Satisfied C. Moved D. Annoyed
5. A. met B. quarreled C. observed
D. compared
6. A. soft B. constant C. broken D. weak
7. A. taking B. bringing C. producing D. making
8. A. glared B. stared C. noticed D. glanced
9. A. tapped B. felt C. forced D. kept
10. A. patient B. unlucky C. brave D. clever
11. A. dying B. blinded C. deaf D. wordless
12. A. improve B. end C. complete
D. change
13. A. play B. art C. architecture D. car
14. A. wise B. foolish C. intelligent D. wrong
15. A. paints B. buys C. admires D. describes
16. A. spirits B. ears C. head D. soul
17. A. learned B. told C. judged D. considered
18. A. bravery B. patience C. politeness
D. coldness
19. A. hearing B. sight C. complaint
D. delay
20. A. shown B. valued C. shared D. received
四、阅读理解
To the west and off the European Continent, there are several thousands of islands on the Continental shelf(大陆架). They are generally called the British Isles. Of all these isles, the largest one is called Great Britain. For convenience, it is often shortened to Britain. Still to the west of Great Britain is the second largest island known as Ireland. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK) is made up of Great Britain, Northern Ireland, and a number of smaller islands around
them. The total area of the country is some 240,000 square kilometers with a population of about 57 million.
Great Britain runs nearly 1,000 kilometers from south to north and extends, at the widest part, about 500 kilometers from west to east. Its area is some 230,000 square kilometers. Great Britain is traditionally divided into three parts, or countries: England in the south, Scotland in the north, and Wales in the southwest. There are discernible(可辨别的) differences between them even now.
England is the largest and most developed of all the three. Its area, about 130,000 square kilometers, takes up nearly 60% of the whole island. Its population is more than 46 million which makes up 85% of the country’s whole population. The importance of England is so great in Britain that some foreigners just say “England” when they mean Britain. The same is true of the custom of speaking of the British people as the English who are the majority in the United Kingdom.
Scotland is the second largest both in area and population. It has an area of about 78,760 square kilometers, less than 30% of the whole island, with a
population of 5 million, less than one-tenth of the whole population.
Wales is the smallest of the three both in area and population. In area, 20,700 square kilometers, makes up less than 9% while its population, 2.7 million, does not exceed(超过)5% of the whole.
1. The British Isles is made up of ________.
A. the European Continent and Great Britain
B. the U. K. and the Republic of Ireland
C. England, Scotland and Wales
D. several thousands of islands to the west and off the European Continent
2. Which of the following figures shows the correct position of Great Britain?
3. From the third paragraph we can infer that Great Britain has a population of about ________ million.
A. 54
B. 46
C. 60
D. 57
4. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. England is six times larger than Wales in area.
B. England is six times larger than Scotland in area.
C. Scotland is six times larger than Wales in area.
D. Great Britain is six times larger than Wales in area.
Several years ago, a television reporter was
talking to three of the most important people in America. One was a very rich banker, another owned one of the largest companies in the world, and the third owned many buildings in the center of New York.
The reporter was talking to them about being important.
“How do we know if someone is really important?” the reporter asked the banker.
The banker thought for a few moments and then s aid, “I think anybody who is invited to the White House to meet the President of the United States is really important.”
The reporter then turned to the owner of the very large company. “Do you agree with that?” she asked.
The man shook his head, “No. I th ink the President invites a lot of people to the White House. You’d only be important if while you were visiting the President, there was a telephone call from the President of another country, and the President of the US said he was too busy to answer it.”
The reporter turned to the third man, “Do you think so?”
“No, I don’t，” he said. “I don’t think that
makes the visitor important. That makes the President important.”
“Then what would make the visitor important?” the reporter and the other two men asked.
“Oh, I think if the visitor to the White House was talking to the President and the phone rang, and the President picked up the receiver, listened and then said, “It’s for you.”
1. This story happened in ________.
A. England
B. America
C. Japan
D. Australia
2. There are ________ in this passage.
A. two men and two women
B. three men and one woman
C. three women and one man
D. four women
3. The banker thought ________.
A. he was really important because he was a rich banker
B. the visitor to the White House was really important
C. the visitor who met the President of the United States
D. the reporter was really important
4. The owner of many buildings thought ________.
A. he was really important because he owned many buildings in the center of New York
B. the owner of the very large company was really important
C. the visitor was really important if he was talking to the President and the President received a telephone call for the visitor
D. the person who worked in the White House was really important。