第三版新视野大学英语4课后翻译
新视野大学英语第三版第四册课文及翻译
12456Love and logic: The story of fallacy爱情与逻辑：谬误的故事I had my first date with Polly after I made the trade with my roommate Rob. That year every guy on campus had a leather jacket, and Rob couldn't stand the idea of being the only football player who didn't, so he made a pact that he'd give me his girl in exchange for my jacket. He wasn't the brightest guy. Polly wasn't too shrewd, either.在我和室友罗伯的交易成功之后，我和波莉有了第一次约会。
那一年校园里每个人都有件皮夹克，而罗伯是校足球队员中唯一一个没有皮夹克的，他一想到这个就受不了，于是他和我达成了一项协议，用他的女友换取我的夹克。
他可不那么聪明，而他的女友波莉也不太精明。
But she was pretty, well-off, didn't dye her hair strange colors or wear too much makeup. She had the right background to be the girlfriend of a dogged, brilliant lawyer. If I could show the elite law firms I applied to that I had a radiant, well-spoken counterpart by my side, I just might edge past the competition.但她漂亮而且富有，也没有把头发染成奇怪的颜色或是化很浓的妆。
新视野大学英语第三版第四册课后翻译答案
新视野大学英语第三版第四册课后翻译答案XXX (TCM) has a history of more than 5,000 years and has been widely used in China and other parts of the world。
TCM is based on the theory of Yin and Yang and the Five Elements。
which are used to explain the XXX in the human body。
TCM is a XXX。
emphasizing the balance and harmony of the body。
mind。
and spirit.XXX as acupuncture。
herbal medicine。
massage。
XXX needles into specific points on the body to stimulate the flow of Qi (XXX) XXX。
minerals。
XXX.TCM has been recognized by the World Health n as a valid form of healthcare and has gained popularity in many parts of the world。
However。
it is important to note that TCM should not be used as a XXX。
XXX.中医药有着5000多年的历史，被广泛应用于中国和世界其他地区。
中医药基于阴阳五行的理论，用于解释人体生理和病理变化。
中医药是一种全面的保健方法，强调身体、心灵和精神的平衡和和谐。
中医药包括针灸、中药、按摩和饮食疗法等各种实践。
针灸是将细针插入身体特定穴位，刺激气的流动，恢复平衡。
中药使用天然物质，如植物、矿物和动物产品，治疗疾病和促进健康。
新视野大学英语第四册第三版课文及翻译
Unit 8A turning point of my life我人生的转折点I wasn't yet 30 years old and was working as a firefighter in New York City, in a firehouse completely swampedwith calls. In the rare moments when we weren't busy, I would make calls on our cordless phone handset or rush to our office to read Captain Gray's subscription of the Sunday New York Times. Late one afternoon when I finallyread the Book Review section, my blood began to boil. An article stated a thesis I took to be an offensive insult: William Butler Yeats, the Nobel Prize-winning light of the Irish Literary Renaissance, had risen above his Irishness and was now a universal poet. I grew indignant suddenly, and a deep-seated passion within me was activated.我那时还不到30 岁，是纽约市的一名消防员，我工作的消防站总是不断有求助电话进来。
偶尔在我们不忙的时候，我会打打无绳电话，或是到办公室，看看格雷队长订的《纽约时报》周日版。
一天下午晚些时候，当我最后读到书评栏时，我开始血液沸腾。
新视野大学英语(第三版)读写教程第四册课后翻译答案
新视野大学英语（第三版）第四册课后翻译答案第一单元The Doctrine of the Mean is the core of Confucianism. The so-called “mean” by Confucius doesn’t mean “compromise” but a “moderate”and “just-right” way when understanding and handling objective things. Confucius advocated that this thought should not only be treated as away to understand and deal with things but also be integrated into one’s daily conduct to make it a virtue through self-cultivation and training.The Doctrine of the Mean is not only the core of Confucianism but also an important component of traditional Chinese culture. From the time it came into being to the present, it has played an invaluable role in the construction of national spirit, the transmission of national wisdom, and the development of national culture.中庸思想是儒家思想的重要内容。
孔子所谓的“中”不是指“折中”，而是指在认识和处理客观事物时的一种“适度”和“恰如其分”的方法。
新视野大学英语第四册第三版课后翻译
新视野大学英语（第三版）第四册课后翻译答案第一单元The Doctrine of the Mean is the core of Confucianism. The so-called “mean” by Confucius doesn’t mean “compromise” but a “moderate”and “just-right” way when understanding and handling objective things. Confucius advocated that this thought should not only be treated as away to understand and deal with things but also be integrated into one’s daily conduct to make it a virtue through self-cultivation and training.The Doctrine of the Mean is not only the core of Confucianism but also an important component of traditional Chinese culture. From the time it came into being to the present, it has played an invaluable role in the construction of national spirit, the transmission of national wisdom, and the development of national culture.中庸思想是儒家思想的重要内容。
孔子所谓的“中”不是指“折中”，而是指在认识和处理客观事物时的一种“适度”和“恰如其分”的方法。
新视野大学英语第三版第四册课文与翻译
Unit 8A turning point of my life我人生的转折点I wasn't yet 30 years old and was working as a firefighter in New York City, in a firehouse completely swamped with calls. In the rare moments when we weren't busy, I would make calls on our cordless phone handset or rush to our office to read Captain Gray's subscription of the Sunday New York Times. Late one afternoon when I finally read the Book Review section, my blood began to boil. An article stated a thesis I took to be an offensive insult: William Butler Yeats, the Nobel Prize-winning light of the Irish Literary Renaissance, had risen above his Irishness and was now a universal poet. I grew indignant suddenly, and a deep-seated passion within me was activated.我那时还不到30 岁，是纽约市的一名消防员，我工作的消防站总是不断有求助电话进来。
偶尔在我们不忙的时候，我会打打无绳电话，或是到办公室，看看格雷队长订的《纽约时报》周日版。
新视野大学英语4(第三版)课后翻译
新视野大学英语读写教程 4 （第三版）课后翻译Unit1亚里斯多德是一位古希腊哲学家和科学家。
他的著作涵盖了许多学科，包括物理学，生物学，动物学，逻辑学，伦理学，诗歌，戏剧，音乐，语言学，政治学和政府，并且构成了西方哲学的第一个综合体系。
亚里士多德是第一个将人类知识领域划分为不同学科的学科，例如数学，生物学和伦理学。
他相信所有人的观念和知识最终都基于感知。
他对自然科学的观点为他的许多作品奠定了基础。
他为那个时代的人类知识的几乎每个领域做出了贡献。
他的作品包含最早的形式逻辑学研究，直到今天，亚里斯多德哲学的各个方面仍然继续是学术研究的重要课题。
他的哲学对所有西方哲学理论的发展都产生了深远的影响。
亚里斯多德（ Aristotle ）逝世 2300 多年后，他仍然是最有影响力的哲学家和科学家之一。
Doctrine of the Mean is the core content of Confucianism. Confucius's so-called "middle"does not mean "compromise", but refers to a "moderate" and "appropriate" method when recognizing and dealing with objective things. Confucius advocated not only to treat this kind of thinking as a way of understanding and handling things, but also to integrate it into one's dailybehavior through self-cultivation and exercise, making it a virtue. The golden mean isthe core of Confucianism and an important part of Chinese traditional culture. From its formation to the present, it has played an inestimable role in the construction of national spirit,the spread of national wisdom, and the development of national culture.Unit2莎士比亚（ William Shakespeare ）被广泛认为是英语界最伟大的作家，也是世界上杰出的戏剧家。
新视野大学英语第四册第三版课后翻译全
---亚里士多德是古希腊的哲The Doctrine of the Mean The four great classic学家和科学家。
他的作品涵盖了is the core of Confucianism. Chinese novels are Romanceof 许多学科，包括物理学、生物学、The so-called \by Confucius the Three Kingdoms, Outlaws动物学、逻辑学、伦理学、诗歌、doesn't mean \but a \and \way of the Marsh, Journey to the戏剧、音乐、语言学、政治和政when understanding and West and A Dream of Red府，构成了第一个综合的西方哲handling objective things. Mansions. All the four novels 学体系。
亚里士多德是第一个将Confucius advocated that this were written during the人类的知识领域划分为不同学thought should not only be period from the late Yuan and 科的人，如数学，生物学和伦理treated as a way to understand early Ming dynasties to the学。
他相信人所有的观念和所有and deal with things but also Qing Dynasty. They all的知识在根本上都是基于感知be integrated into one's reflect various aspects of能力。
他对自然科学的看法构成daily conduct to make it a ancient China, including了他许多作品的基础。
新视野大学英语第三版第四册课文及翻译
12456Love and logic: The story of fallacy爱情与逻辑：谬误的故事I had my first date with Polly after I made the trade with my roommate Rob. That year every guy on campus had a leather jacket, and Rob couldn't stand the idea of being the only football player who didn't, so he made a pact that he'd give me his girl in exchange for my jacket. He wasn't the brightest guy. Polly wasn't too shrewd, either.在我和室友罗伯的交易成功之后，我和波莉有了第一次约会。
那一年校园里每个人都有件皮夹克，而罗伯是校足球队员中唯一一个没有皮夹克的，他一想到这个就受不了，于是他和我达成了一项协议，用他的女友换取我的夹克。
他可不那么聪明，而他的女友波莉也不太精明。
But she was pretty, well-off, didn't dye her hair strange colors or wear too much makeup. She had the right background to be the girlfriend of a dogged, brilliant lawyer. If I could show the elite law firms I applied to that I had a radiant, well-spoken counterpart by my side, I just might edge past the competition.但她漂亮而且富有，也没有把头发染成奇怪的颜色或是化很浓的妆。
新视野大学英语第三版第四册课文与翻译
Unit 8A turning point of my life我人生的转折点I wasn't yet 30 years old and was working as a firefighter in New York City, in a firehouse completely swamped with calls. In the rare moments when we weren't busy, I would make calls on our cordless phone handset or rush to our office to read Captain Gray's subscription of the Sunday New York Times. Late one afternoon when I finally read the Book Review section, my blood began to boil. An article stated a thesis I took to be an offensive insult: William Butler Yeats, the Nobel Prize-winning light of the Irish Literary Renaissance, had risen above his Irishness and was now a universal poet. I grew indignant suddenly, and a deep-seated passion within me was activated.我那时还不到30 岁，是纽约市的一名消防员，我工作的消防站总是不断有求助电话进来。
偶尔在我们不忙的时候，我会打打无绳电话，或是到办公室，看看格雷队长订的《纽约时报》周日版。
新视野大学英语第三版第四册课文翻译
unit 1 TextALove and logic: The story of a fallacy爱情与逻辑: 谬误的故事1 I had my first date with Polly afterI made the trade with my roommate Rob.That year every guy on campus had a leather jacket, and Rob couldn't stand the idea of being the only football player who didn't, so he made a pact that he'd give me his girl in exchange for my jacket.He wasn't the brightest guy.Polly wasn't too shrewd, either.在我和室友罗伯的交易成功之后, 我和波莉有了第一次约会。
那一年校园里每个人都有件皮夹克, 而罗伯是校足球队员中唯一一个没有皮夹克的, 他一想到这个就受不了, 于是他和我达成了一项协议, 用他的女友换取我的夹克。
他可不则聪明, 而他的女友波莉也不太精明。
2 But she was pretty, well-off, didn't dye her hair strange colors or wear too much makeup.She had the right background to be the girlfriend of a dogged, brilliant lawyer.If I could show the elite law firms I applied to that I had a radiant, well-spoken counterpart by my side, I just might edge past the competition.但她漂亮而且富有, 也没有把头发染成奇怪的颜色或是化很浓的妆。
新视野大学英语第三版第四册课文及翻译
12456Love and logic: The story of fallacy爱情与逻辑：谬误的故事I had my first date with Polly after I made the trade with my roommate Rob. That year every guy on campus had a leather jacket, and Rob couldn't stand the idea of being the only football player who didn't, so he made a pact that he'd give me his girl in exchange for my jacket. He wasn't the brightest guy. Polly wasn't too shrewd, either.在我和室友罗伯的交易成功之后，我和波莉有了第一次约会。
那一年校园里每个人都有件皮夹克，而罗伯是校足球队员中唯一一个没有皮夹克的，他一想到这个就受不了，于是他和我达成了一项协议，用他的女友换取我的夹克。
他可不那么聪明，而他的女友波莉也不太精明。
But she was pretty, well-off, didn't dye her hair strange colors or wear too much makeup. She had the right background to be the girlfriend of a dogged, brilliant lawyer. If I could show the elite law firms I applied to that I had a radiant, well-spoken counterpart by my side, I just might edge past the competition.但她漂亮而且富有，也没有把头发染成奇怪的颜色或是化很浓的妆。
新视野大学英语(第三版)读写教程第四册课后翻译答案
新视野大学英语（第三版）第四册课后翻译答案第一单元The Doctrine of the Mean is the core of Confucianism. The so-called “mean” by Confucius doesn’t mean “compromise” but a “moderate”and “just-right” way when understanding and handling objective things. Confucius advocated that this thought should not only be treated as away to understand and deal with things but also be integrated into one’s daily conduct to make it a virtue through self-cultivation and training.The Doctrine of the Mean is not only the core of Confucianism but also an important component of traditional Chinese culture. From the time it came into being to the present, it has played an invaluable role in the construction of national spirit, the transmission of national wisdom, and the development of national culture.中庸思想是儒家思想的重要内容。
孔子所谓的“中”不是指“折中”，而是指在认识和处理客观事物时的一种“适度”和“恰如其分”的方法。
第三版大学英语新视野第四册课后翻译
第一单元中庸思想是儒家思想的重要内容。
孔子所谓的“中”不是指“折中”，而是指在认识和处理客观事物时的一种“适度”和“恰如其分”的方法。
孔子主张不仅要把这种思想作为一种认识和处理事物的方法来看待，而且还通过自身修养和锻炼，把它融入自己的日常行为当中，使之成为一种美德。
中庸思想是儒家思想的核心，也是中国传统文化的重要组成部分。
从它形成到现在，一直为民族精神的构建、民族智慧的传播、民族文化的发展发挥着不可估量的作用。
The Doctrine of the Mean is the core ofConfucianism. The so-called “mean” by Confuciusdoesn’t mean “compromise” but a “moderate”and “just-right” way when understanding andhandling objective things. Confucius advocatedthat this thought should not only be treated as away to understand and deal wit h things but alsobe integrated into one’s daily conduct to makeit a virtue through self-cultivation and training.The Doctrine of the Mean is not only the core of Confucianism but also an important componentof traditional Chinese culture. From the time itcame into being to the present, it has played aninvaluable role in the construction of nationalspirit, the transmission of national wisdom, and the development of national culture.第二单元中国的四大名著是指《三国演义》《水浒传》《西游记》《红楼梦》四部著名小说。
新视野大学英语4(第三版)课后翻译
新视野大学英语读写教程 4 （第三版）课后翻译Unit1亚里斯多德是一位古希腊哲学家和科学家。
他的著作涵盖了许多学科，包括物理学，生物学，动物学，逻辑学，伦理学，诗歌，戏剧，音乐，语言学，政治学和政府，并且构成了西方哲学的第一个综合体系。
亚里士多德是第一个将人类知识领域划分为不同学科的学科，例如数学，生物学和伦理学。
他相信所有人的观念和知识最终都基于感知。
他对自然科学的观点为他的许多作品奠定了基础。
他为那个时代的人类知识的几乎每个领域做出了贡献。
他的作品包含最早的形式逻辑学研究，直到今天，亚里斯多德哲学的各个方面仍然继续是学术研究的重要课题。
他的哲学对所有西方哲学理论的发展都产生了深远的影响。
亚里斯多德（ Aristotle ）逝世 2300 多年后，他仍然是最有影响力的哲学家和科学家之一。
Doctrine of the Mean is the core content of Confucianism. Confucius's so-called "middle"does not mean "compromise", but refers to a "moderate" and "appropriate" method when recognizing and dealing with objective things. Confucius advocated not only to treat this kind of thinking as a way of understanding and handling things, but also to integrate it into one's dailybehavior through self-cultivation and exercise, making it a virtue. The golden mean isthe core of Confucianism and an important part of Chinese traditional culture. From its formation to the present, it has played an inestimable role in the construction of national spirit,the spread of national wisdom, and the development of national culture.Unit2莎士比亚（ William Shakespeare ）被广泛认为是英语界最伟大的作家，也是世界上杰出的戏剧家。
新视野大学英语第四册第三版课文及翻译
—－可编辑修改，可打印——别找了你想要的都有！精品教育资料——全册教案，，试卷，教学课件，教学设计等一站式服务——全力满足教学需求，真实规划教学环节最新全面教学资源，打造完美教学模式Unit 8A turning point of my life我人生的转折点I wasn't yet 30 years old and was working as a firefighter in New York City, in a firehouse completely swamped with calls. In the rare moments when we weren't busy, I would make calls on our cordless phone handset or rush to our office to read Captain Gray's subscription of the Sunday New York Times. Late one afternoon when I finally read the Book Review section, my blood began to boil. An article stated a thesis I took to be an offensive insult: William Butler Yeats, the Nobel Prize-winning light of the Irish Literary Renaissance, had risen above his Irishness and was now a universal poet. I grew indignant suddenly, and a deep-seated passion within me was activated.我那时还不到30 岁，是纽约市的一名消防员，我工作的消防站总是不断有求助电话进来。
新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第四册课后翻译
新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第四册课后翻译XXX是古希腊的哲学家和科学家。
他的作品涵盖了许多学科，包括物理学、生物学、动物学、逻辑学、伦理学、诗歌、戏剧、音乐、语言学、政治和政府，构成了第一个综合的西方哲学体系。
他是第一个将人类的知识领域划分为不同学科的人，如数学、生物学和伦理学。
他相信人所有的观念和所有的知识在根本上都是基于感知能力。
他对自然科学的看法构成了他许多作品的基础，并且几乎对他所处时期的每一个人类知识领域都作出了贡献。
二、汉译英XXX是古希腊的哲学家和科学家。
他的作品涵盖了许多学科，包括物理学、生物学、动物学、逻辑学、伦理学、诗歌、戏剧、音乐、语言学、政治和政府，构成了第一个综合的西方哲学体系。
他是第一个将人类的知识领域划分为不同学科的人，如数学、生物学和伦理学。
他相信人所有的观念和所有的知识在根本上都是基于感知能力。
他对自然科学的看法构成了他许多作品的基础，并且几乎对他所处时期的每一个人类知识领域都作出了贡献。
The Doctrine of the Mean is the core of Confucianism。
When Confucius referred to "the mean," he did not mean "compromise," but rather a method of "n" and "appropriateness" XXX idea as a way of understanding and handling things。
butalso incorporating it into one's daily r through n and exercise。
making it a virtue。
The Doctrine of the Mean is not only the coreof Confucianism。
新视野大学英语(第三版)读写教程第四册课后翻译答案
新视野大学英语（第三版）第四册课后翻译答案第一单元The Doctrine of the Mean is the core of Confucianism. The so-called “mean” by Confucius doesn’t mean “compromise” but a “moderate”and “just-right” way when understanding and handling objective things. Confucius advocated that this thought should not only be treated as away to understand and deal with things but also be integrated into one’s daily conduct to make it a virtue through self-cultivation and training.The Doctrine of the Mean is not only the core of Confucianism but also an important component of traditional Chinese culture. From the time it came into being to the present, it has played an invaluable role in the construction of national spirit, the transmission of national wisdom, and the development of national culture.中庸思想是儒家思想的重要内容。
孔子所谓的“中”不是指“折中”，而是指在认识和处理客观事物时的一种“适度”和“恰如其分”的方法。
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中庸思想是儒家思想的重要内容。
孔子所谓的“中”不是指“折中”,而是指在认识和处理客观事物时的一种“适度”和“恰如其分”的方法。
孔子主张不仅要把这种思想作为一种认识和处理事物的方法来看待,而且还通过自身修养和锻炼,把它融入自己的日常行为当中,使之成为一种美德。
中庸思想是儒家思想的核心,也是中国传统文化的重要组成部分。
从它形成到现在,一直为民族精神的构建、民族智慧的传播、民族文化的发展发挥着不可估量的作用。
The Doctrine of the Mean is the core ofConfucianism. The so-called “mean” by Confuciusdoesn’t mean “compromise” but a “moderate”and “just-right” way when understanding andhandling objective things. Confucius advocatedthat this thought should not only be treated as away to understand and deal with things but alsobe integrated into one’s daily conduct to makeit a virtue through self-cultivation and training.The Doctrine of the Mean is not only the core ofConfucianism but also an important componentof traditional Chinese culture. From the time itcame into being to the present, it has played aninvaluable role in the construction of nationalspirit, the transmission of national wisdom, and the development of national culture.中国的四大名著是指《三国演义》《水浒传》《西游记》《红楼梦》四部著名小说。
它们的创作时间均处于元末明初至清代期间,其内容反映了中国古代的政治和军事斗争、社会矛盾、文化信仰等各个方面。
四大名著具有很高的艺术水平,代表了中国古典小说的高峰。
书中的许多人物和场景在中国家喻户晓,并且已深深地影响了整个民族的思想观念和价值取向。
四本著作在中国古代民俗、封建制度、社会生活等多个领域皆有巨大的研究价值,是中国乃至全人类的宝贵文化遗产。
The four great classic Chinese novels are Romanceof the Three Kingdoms, Outlaws of the Marsh,Journey to the West and A Dream of Red Mansions.All the four novels were written during the periodfrom the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties tothe Qing Dynasty. They all reflect various aspectsof ancient China, including political andmilitarystrife, social conflicts and cultural beliefs. Thef our novels are of supreme artistic standards,representing the peak of China’s classic novels. Lots of the characters and scenes in the books areWell-known in China and have exerted profoundinfluences on the ideology and values of the entirenation. Highly valuable for the research of China’sancient customs, feudal system, and social life, thefour classic novels are precious cultural relics ofChina as well as the human society as a whole.近年来,随着互联网技术的迅猛发展,互联网经济已成为一个热门话题。
以蓬勃发展的电子商务为代表的互联网经济已成为经济发展的重要引擎。
我国政府高度重视发展互联网经济,提出了“互联网+”的概念,以推动互联网与医疗、交通、教育、金融、公共服务等领域的结合。
这将为互联网经济的发展提供极大地发展潜力和更广阔的发展空间。
随着“互联网+”战略的深入实施,互联网必将与更多传统行业进一步融合,助力打造“中国经济升级版”In recent years, with the rapid development ofInternet technology, the Internet economy hasbecome a hot issue. As represented by the promisingE-commerce, the Internet economy has become astrong driving force for the economic development. Our government attaches great importance todeveloping the Internet-economy and proposes the concept of “Internet Plus”, aiming to integratethe Internet with other industries, such as healthcare, transportation, education, finance, and publicservice. This will create great potential and broadprospects for the development of the Interneteconomy. With the implementation of the“InternetPlus” strateg y,the Internet is certain to be integrated with more traditional industries and help build “the upgrade deversion of the Chinese economy”.苏州园林是中国古典园林最杰出的代表,大部分为私家所有。
苏州园林始于春秋,兴于宋元,盛于明清。
清末苏州已有各色园林170余处,为其赢得了“园林之城”的称号。
现保存完好的园林有60多处,对外开放的有十余处。
其中沧浪亭、狮子林、拙政园和留园分别代表着宋、元、明、清四个朝代的艺术风格,被称为“苏州四大名园”。
苏州园林宅园合一,可赏,可游,可居,其建筑规制反应力中国古代江南民间的生活方式和礼仪习俗。
苏州园林不仅是历史文化的产物,同时也是中国传统思想文化的载体。
1997年,苏州园林被联合国教科文组织列入“世界遗产名录”Suzhou gardens are the most outstandingrepresentatives of classical Chinese gardens.Most of them were privately-owned. The gardensfirst appeared in the Spring and Autumn Period,developed in the Song and Yuan dynasties, andflourished in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Bythe late Qing Dynasty, Suzhou had got as manyas over 170 gardens of diverse styles, Winning itthe name “The City of Gardens”. Now, over 60gardens are kept in good condition, of which morethan 10 are Open to the public. The Surging WavePavilion, the Lion Grove Garden, the HumbleAdministrator’s Garden and the Lingering Gardenare ca lled the four most famous gardens in Suzhourepresenting the artistic styles of the Song, Yuan,Ming and Qing dynasties respectively.Suzhougardens are assemblies of residences and gardens,which makes them suitable places for living, visitingand appreciating. The architectural principles of lthe gardens are a demonstration of the lifestylesand social customs of the ancient Chinese peoplein the south of the Lower Yangtze River. Suzhougardens are not onlya product of Chinese historyand culture, but also a carrier of traditional Chinese ideology and culture.In 1997,Suzhou gardens were inscribed on the World Heritage List by UNESCO.中华文明曾对世界文明产生过重大影响。