2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试综合卷

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2018年硕士研究生入学考试管理类专业硕士综合能力真题(

2018年硕士研究生入学考试管理类专业硕士综合能力真题（逻辑）三、逻辑推理：第26～55小题，每小题2分，共60分。

下列每题给出的A、B、C、D、E 五个选项中，只有一项是符合试题要求的。

请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑。

26，人民既是历史的创造者，也是历史的见证者；既是历史的“剧中人”，又是历史的“剧作者”。

离开人民，文艺就会变成无根的浮萍、无病的呻吟、无魂的躯壳。

关注人民的生活、命运、情感，表达人民的心愿、心情、心声，我们的作品才会在人民中传之久远。

根据以上陈述，可以得出以下哪项?A.只有不离开人民，文艺才不会变成无根的浮萍、无病的呻吟、无魂的驱壳B.历史的创造者都不是历史的“剧中人”C.历史的创造者都是历史的见证者D.历史的“剧中人”都是历史的“剧作者”E.我们的作品只要表达人民的心愿、心情、心声，就会在人民中传之久远27，盛夏时节的某一天，某市早报刊载了由该市专业气象台提供的全国部分城市当天的天气预报，择其内容列表如下:天津阴上海雷阵雨昆明小雨呼和浩特阵雨哈尔滨多云乌鲁木齐晴西安中雨南昌大雨香港多云南京雷阵雨拉萨阵雨福州阴根据上述信息，以下哪项作出的论断最为准确？A.由于所列城市盛夏天气变化频繁，所以上面所列的9类天气一定就是所有的天气类型B.由于所列城市并非我国的所有城市，所以上面所列的9类天气一定不是所有的天气类型C.由于所列城市在同一天不一定展示所有的大气类型，所以上面所列的9类天气可能不是所有的天气类型D.由于所列城市在同一天可能展示所有的天气类型，所以上面所列的9类天气一定是所有的天气类型E.由于所列城市分处我国的东南西北中，所以上面所列9类天气一定就是所有的天气类型28，现在许多人很少在深夜11点以前安然入睡，他们未必都在熬夜用功，大多是在玩手机或看电视，其结果就是晚睡，第二天就会头晕脑涨，哈欠连天。

不少人常常对此感到后悔，但一到晚上他们多半还会这么做。

有专家就此指出，人们似乎从晚睡中得到了快乐，但这种快乐其实隐藏着某种烦恼。

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题参考答案

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）答案及解析参考答案：1-5：CADBD6-10：BCDBA11-15：BBACD16-20：ACBAC21-25：DCADB26-30：DABCA31-35：BCDDB36-40：BAACD41-45：EGABD46. 参考译文：在他出生之前，欧洲正在经历宗教戏剧的衰退，古典悲剧和喜剧催生了新的戏剧形式。

47. 参考译文：任何一个上过文法学校的男孩都知道戏剧是一种文学形式。

文学曾经给希腊和罗马带来荣耀，或许还可以给英格兰带来荣耀。

48.参考译文：但是，专业公司的永久剧场生意蒸蒸日上，怀揣文学野心的大学生也很快投靠到这些剧院，以写剧为生。

49. 参考译文：本土的文学戏剧就此诞生，并与大众剧院结缘，少说也引生了一些了不起的传统。

50.参考译文：要想认识当时戏剧活动的盛况，我们还需意识到大批剧本已然遗失，而且也许没有哪位知名剧作家的作品全然遗留至今。

51. 参考作文：Dear professors,I wonder if there is the possibility for you to come to my graduation at our university’s gymnasium at 7:00 pm next Saturday night.It would be my pleasure to share the important moments with you. During the experiment, it is your generous help and constant encouragement that contributes to the success of the experiment. As I have been elected as the students’ representative, I will deliver a speech at the ceremony. I do wish you to be there to witness my growth and allow me to express my sincerest gratitude to you in person.I would like you to attend, so please let me know your decision.Yours faithfully,Li Ming 52. 参考作文：As is vividly depicted in the picture, sitting in front of a computer is a university student pondering over which kind of course he should choose: the courses creative, informative and difficult to pass or the easy and less-work-amount ones.The implication underlying this picture is rather thought-provoking: his confusion in fact mirrors hundreds of thousands of students’dilemmas. Nowadays, many students in universities or colleges are not sure of what they want and where they will go in the future. As a result, they easily become anxious and helpless when choices confront them.What should we do? In my opinion, the most important thing is having a goal. It is crucial for us college students to understand what we actually want and what kind of men we want to be. And then follow your heart. If you have the ambition to be an expert in some fields, you will naturally choose the courses that are creative, informative and progressive rather than courses oriented to students who want just to dip into it for fun or credit. Otherwise, if your focus is on honing your work skills or just feeding yourselves early and supporting your family, you can just choose whichever subject you would like to successfully graduate and then hunt for jobs or establish your own career.解析：1.【答案】[C] for【解析】考察介词的用法。

2018年408统考真题及答案(含综合题解析)

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试计算机科学与技术学科联考计算机学科专业基础综合试题一、单项选择题（第1～40小题，每小题2分，共80分。

下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项最符合试题要求）1.若栈S1中保存整数，栈S2中保存运算符，函数F()依次执行下述各步操作：（1）从S1中依次弹出两个操作数a和b；（2）从S2中弹出一个运算符op；（3）执行相应的运算b op a；（4）将运算结果压入S1中。

假定S1中的操作数依次是5,8,3,2（2在栈顶），S2中的运算符依次是*,-,+（+在栈顶）。

调用3次F()后，S1栈顶保存的值是。

A.-15B.15C.-20D.202.现有队列Q与栈S，初始时Q中的元素依次是1,2,3,4,5,6（1在队头），S为空。

若仅允许下列3种操作：①出队并输出出队元素；②出队并将出队元素入栈；③出栈并输出出栈元素，则不能得到的输出序列是。

A.1,2,5,6,4,3B.2,3,4,5,6,1C.3,4,5,6,1,2D.6,5,4,3,2,13.设有一个12×12的对称矩阵M，将其上三角部分的元素m i,j（1≤i≤j≤12）按行优先存入C语言的一维数组N中，元素m6,6在N中的下标是。

A.50B.51C.55D.664.设一棵非空完全二叉树T的所有叶结点均位于同一层，且每个非叶结点都有2个子结点。

若T有k个叶结点，则T的结点总数是。

A.2k-1B.2kC.k2D.2k-15.已知字符集{a,b,c,d,e,f}，若各字符出现的次数分别为6,3,8,2,10,4，则对应字符集中各字符的哈夫曼编码可能是。

A.00,1011,01,1010,11,100B.00,100,110,000,0010,01C.10,1011,11,0011,00,010D.0011,10,11,0010,01,0006.已知二叉排序树如下图所示，元素之间应满足的大小关系是。

A.x1<x2<x5B.x1<x4<x5C.x3<x5<x4D.x4<x3<x57.下列选项中，不是如下有向图的拓扑序列的是。

2018年硕士学位研究生入学考试(GCT)试题及答案

2018年硕士学位研究生入学考试（GCT）试题及答案一、选择题1.下姓氏注音全都正确的一组是( )。

A.睢(jū)景臣区(qū)桃臧(zāng)克家郦(1í)道元B.华(huà)老栓解(jiě) 缙(shàn)雄信翟(dǐ)景C.任(rén)弼时庞(páng)统仇(qiú)虎葛(gě)存壮D.靳(jīn)尚倪(ní)萍查(chá)慎行阚(kàn)睿2.对下列词加线语意义的解释，不正确的一组是( )。

A. 变更(变动) 少不更事(年纪轻，经历的事不多)更生(比喻复兴) 改弦更张(比喻改革制度或变更方法)B. 相当(相称) 当行出色(从事的职业最好)当家(主持家务) 锐不可当(形容来势凶猛，不可阻挡)C. 从简(采取简单的方法或方式) 从长计议(不急于做出决定) 从征(跟随出征) 从井救人(跟着跳到井里去救人)D. 独步(超出同类之上，没有可以相比的)独具慧眼(目光敏锐，见识高超)独创(独特的创造)无独有偶(虽然罕见.但不只一个，还有一个可以成对的)3.对下列词语中加线字的解释有误的一组是( )。

A. 怀古(思念) 少怀大志(心里存有)襟怀(胸怀) 怀瑾握瑜(胸部衣里掩着)B. 横幅(跟地面平行的) 蔓草横生(纵横杂乱)横贯(地理上东西向的) 横行霸道(蛮横)C. 花灯(用花或花纹装饰的) 花言巧语(用来迷惑人的)火花(形状像花朵的东西) 文艺之花(比喻事物的精华)D. 化冻(融化) 潜移默化(变化)化解(消除) 化险为夷(使变化)4.下列各句加线的熟语的使用，恰当的一句是( )。

A.教师始终是教育改革成效的主导性因素，只有教师热爱学生，师心自用，才可能迎来教育的春天。

B.中国女排励精图治，卧薪尝胆，经过两年训练，终于在本届奥运会上力挫群雄，获得骄人战绩。

C.本届NBA东西部联盟明星赛将于北京时间明晨7时在三藩市举行，届时球迷们所熟悉的奥尼尔、邓肯等将粉墨登场。

2018年入学MBA联考综合试题及参考答案

26.人民既是历史的创造者，也是历史的见证者；既是历史的“剧中人”，也是历史的“剧作者”。离开人民，文艺就会变成无根的浮萍、无病的呻吟、无魂的驱壳。观照人民的生活、命运、情感，表达人民的心愿、心情、心声，我们的作品才会在人民中传之久远。
根据以上陈述，可以得出以下哪项? A.只有不离开人民，文艺才不会变成无根的浮萍、无病的呻吟、无魂的驱壳。 B.历史的创造者都不是历史的“剧中人。 C.历史的创造者都是历史的见证者。 D.历史的“剧中人”都是历史的“剧作者”。 E.我们的作品只要表达人民的心愿、心情、心声，就会在人民中传之久远。
(1) a b 1 a2
(2) a b 1 a2
25.设函数 f (x) x2 ax, ，则 f (x) 的最小值与 f ( f (x)) 的最小值相等.
(1) a 2
(2) a 0
三．逻辑推理：第 26-55 小题，每小题 2 分，共 60 分。下列每题所给出（A）、（B）、（C）、（D）、（E）五个选项中，只有一项是符合试题要求的。请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑。
30-31 题基于以下题干某工厂有一员工宿舍住了甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、己、庚 7 人，每人每周需轮流值日一
天，且每天仅安排一人值日，他们值日的安排还需满足以下条件： (1)乙周二或者周六值日; (2)如果甲周一值日，那么丙周三值日且戊周五值日; (3)如果甲周一不值日，那么己周四值日且庚周五值日; (4)如果乙周二值日，那么己周六值日。
分别为-2 和 1。
(1) m 1;
(2) m 2
23.如果甲公司的年终奖总额增加 25%，乙公司的年终奖总额减少 10%，两者相等，则能确定两公司的员工人数之比.
(1)甲公司的人均年终奖与乙公司的相同 (2)两公司的员工人数之比与两公司的年终奖总额之比相等

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学二真题及标准答案

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学二真题
(总分：150.00，做题时间：180分钟)
一、单项选择题
选择题：1?8小题，每小题4分，共32分，下列每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求的，请将所选项前的字母填在答题纸指定位置上.
(总题数：8，分数：32.00)
1. （分数：4.00）
A.a=1/2，b=-1
(1) 求f(x1,x2,x3) = 0 的解
(2) 求f(x1,x2,x3) 的规范型（分数：11.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________
正确答案：(
）
解析：
12.曲线对应点处的曲率为__________。（分数：4.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：
2/3
）
解析：
13.设函数z = z(x，y)由方程l __________。
（分数：4.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：
1/4
）
正确答案：(
)
解析：
19.将长为2m的铁丝分成三段，依次围城圆、正方形与正三角形，三个图形的面积之和是否存在最小值？若存在，求出最小值。
（分数：10.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2
）
解析：
三、解答题
解答题：15—23小题，共94分.请将解答写在答题纸指定位置上.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学(一)真题及解析

2018年硕士研究生入学考试数学一试题一、选择题：1～8小题，每小题4分，共32分，下列每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求的，请将所选项前的字母填在答题纸．．．指定位置上.（1）下列函数不可导的是：()()()()sin sin cos cosA y x xB y xC y xD y====（2）22过点（1，0，0）与（0，1，0）且与z=x 相切的平面方程为y + ()()()()0与10与222与x+y-z=1与222A zx y z B z x y z C y x D yx c y z =+-==+-===+-=（3）023(1)(2n 1)!nn n ∞=+-=+∑()()()()sin 1cos 12sin 1cos 1sin 1cos 13sin 12cos 1A B C D ++++（4）22222222(1x)1xN= K=(11xM dx dx x e ππππππ---++=++⎰⎰⎰），则M,N,K的大小关系为()()()()A M N K B M K N C K M N D NM K>>>>>>>>（5）下列矩阵中，与矩阵110011001⎛⎫⎪ ⎪⎪⎝⎭相似的为______. A.111011001-⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭ B.101011001-⎛⎫⎪ ⎪⎪⎝⎭ C.111010001-⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭ D.101010001-⎛⎫⎪ ⎪⎪⎝⎭（6）.设A ，B 为n 阶矩阵，记()r X 为矩阵X 的秩，（X Y ）表示分块矩阵，则A.()()r A AB r A =B.()()r A BA r A =C.()max{(),()}r A B r A r B =D.()()TT r A B r A B =（7）设()f x 为某分部的概率密度函数，(1)(1)f x f x +=-，20()d 0.6f x x =⎰，则{0}p X = .A. 0.2B. 0.3C. 0.4D. 0.6 （8）给定总体2(,)XN μσ，2σ已知，给定样本12,,,n X X X ，对总体均值μ进行检验，令0010:,:H H μμμμ=≠，则A . 若显著性水平0.05α=时拒绝0H ，则0.01α=时也拒绝0H . B. 若显著性水平0.05α=时接受0H ，则0.01α=时拒绝0H . C. 若显著性水平0.05α=时拒绝0H ，则0.01α=时接受0H . D. 若显著性水平0.05α=时接受0H ，则0.01α=时也接受0H .二、填空题：9-14小题，每小题4分，共24分，请将答案写在答题纸．．．指定位置上.（9）1sin 01tan lim ,1tan kxx x e x →-⎛⎫= ⎪+⎝⎭则k =（10）()y f x =的图像过（0,0），且与x y a =相切与（1,2），求1'()xf x dx =⎰（11）(,,),(1,1,0)F x y z xy yz xzk rot F εη=-+=求（12）曲线S 由22210x y z x y z ++=++=与相交而成，求xydS =⎰ （13）二阶矩阵A 有两个不同特征值，12,αα是A 的线性无关的特征向量，21212()(),=A A αααα+=+则（14）A,B 独立，A,C 独立，11,()()(),()24BC P A P B P AC ABC P C φ≠===，则=三、解答题：15—23小题，共94分.请将解答写在答题纸．．．指定位置上.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.（15）.求不定积分2x e ⎰（16）.一根绳长2m ，截成三段，分别折成圆、三角形、正方形，这三段分别为多长是所得的面积总和最小，并求该最小值。

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试《333教育学(统考)》真题

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试备考资料2018年教育学333（统考）考研真题答案解析选择题：1．某家长认为目前学校课业负担过重，担心会影响孩子创造力和批判反思能力的发展，决定亲自给孩子上课。

该事例说明学校教育具有（）A.正面显性功能B.负面显性功能C.正面隐性功能D.负面隐性功能【参考答案】D2．教育工作需要循序渐进，主要依据的是儿童身心发展的是（）A.差异性和阶段性B.差异性和顺序性C.不均衡性和差异性D.阶段性和顺序性【参考答案】D3．对人力资本理论提出质疑，认为教育并不提高人的能力，只是用来区别不同人能力的手段，这种观点属（）A.冲突论B.文凭理论C.结构理论D.劳动力市场理论【参考答案】B4．农耕时代教育的目的是强调培养具有一定文化素养的统治者，工业时代兼顾脑力劳动者和体力者的培养。

信息时代更注重创新型人才的培养，这说明教育的目的受限制于（）A.文化传统B.生产方式C.教育政策D.教育理论【参考答案】B17.1912年蔡元培在《对于教育方针之意见》中提出五育并举的教育方针，其中超越政治的教育为（）A实利主义教育、世界观教育B实利主义教育、军国民教育C世界观教育、美感教育D军国民教育、美感教育【参考答案】C18.20世纪20年代的"工读主义"教育思潮有一派认为，工读就是用自己的劳动延续求学经费而已，不必去理会什么主义，这一派的代表人物是（）A周予同B胡适C李大钊D王光圻【参考答案】B19．1928年南京国民政府制定"戊辰学制"的指导原则，对1922年新学制标准进行了调整，特别提出（）A"多留各地伸缩余地"B"使教育利于普及"C"根据本国国情"D"谋个性之发展"【参考答案】C20．1929年南京国民政府公布《大学组织法》《大学规程》，规定大学的办学目标是（）A研究高深学问，培养专门人才B教授应用科学，培养专门人才C教授应用科学，培养技术人才D研究高深学问，培养技术人才【参考答案】A21．下列选项符合陈鹤琴"活教育"课程思想的（）A直接的知识要优于书本知识，故书本知识应予以摒弃B打破学科组织体系，采取活动中心和活动单元的形式C儿童经验固然是重要的，但学科课程体系也不可破坏D打破知识的学科界限，按照儿童的兴趣组织课程内容【参考答案】B22．20世纪30年代初期，梁漱溟在山东邹平、菏泽两县设立乡农学校，开展乡村教育实验，这种乡农学校性质上属于（）A农业职校B农民夜校C教育与行政合一的机构D教育与军事合一的机构【参考答案】C23．中国共产党领导下的抗日革命根据地的社会教育以成人教育为核心，其最广泛、最普遍的教育形式是（）A工读校B半日校C列宁学校D冬学【参考答案】D24．创设文法、修辞、辩证法科目，为后来七艺成型奠定基础的是（）A智者派B柏拉图C亚里士多德D毕德哥拉斯学派【参考答案】A25．古罗马教育家昆体良主张，在雄辩家培养中居于首要位置的是（）A高尚品质的培养B雄辩技巧的练习C优雅举止的训练D文雅风度的练习【参考答案】A26．在西欧中世纪骑士教育实践中，以"骑士七技"为主要学习内容的阶段是（）A家庭教育B礼文教育C侍从教育D社会教育答案暂无27．17世纪，以爱丁堡大学为代表的苏格兰大学与牛津大学、剑桥大学相比，更重视（）（教育学必胜习题库--中世纪大学）A大学自治B教授治校C科学教育D古典教育【参考答案】C28．为十八世纪后期德国泛爱主义教育运动兴起提供直接的思想启蒙和理论指导的是（）A卢梭自然主义教育理论B凯兴斯泰纳的公民教育理论C夸美纽斯自然主义教育理论D裴斯泰洛奇要素教育理论【参考答案】A29．依据统觉原理，赫尔巴特提出教学科目设置和教学内容组织的两项基本原理是（）A相关与集中B平行与分配C均衡与差异D连续与顺序【参考答案】A30．20世纪30年代联共（布）中央颁布实施《关于小学和中学的决定》，确定该时期苏联教育发展的主要任务是（）A实施综合教学大纲B恢复班级授课制度C建立统一劳动学校制度D加强教学与生产劳动的联系【参考答案】B31．运用心理胚胎期和敏感期概念表述儿童发展过程阶段性特征的教育家是（）A福禄贝尔B赫尔巴特C第斯多惠D蒙台梭利【参考答案】D32．20世纪70年代美国教育改革的主题是（）A返回基础B普及科学C天才教育D大众教育【参考答案】A33．确立法国高等教育"自主自治、民主参与、多科性结构"办学原则的教育法案是（）A《大学令》B《帝国大学令》C《高等教育法》D《高等教育方向指导法》【参考答案】D34．在小莉眼里所有物体都有生命，她常常会对玩具、小草说话，根据皮亚杰认知发展理论，小莉处于（）A．感觉运动阶段B．前运算阶段C．具体运算阶段D．形式运算阶段【参考答案】B35．根据过度学习原则，如果一个学生经过4次复述刚好可记住某个英语单词，那么他学习该词最适宜的复述次数应该是（）A．5次B．6次C．7次D．8次【参考答案】B学术必胜习题库第七章36．有的学生愿意为他所喜欢的老师努力学习，而面对不喜欢的老师则不愿意努力学习。

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类联考综合能力(199)真题及答案

23.已知点 P(m,o)，A(1,3)，B(2,1)，点（x，y）在△PAB 上，则 x-y 的最小值与最大值分别为-2 和 1（）
（1）m≤1 （2）m≥-2
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（1）甲与乙共购买了 50 件玩具（2）A 玩具的价格是 B 玩具的 2 倍
位，则仅购一种的有（）
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C.74
D.76
11.函数 f (x) max{x2 , x2 8}的最小值为（
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B.7
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E.4
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第 3 页共 25 页
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D. 条件（1）充分，条件（2）也充分。 E.条件（1）和条件（2）单独都不充分，条件（1）和条件（2）联合起来也不充分。
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2018年硕士学位研究生入学考试(GCT)试题及答案

2018年硕士学位研究生入学考试（GCT）试题及答案一、选择题1.下姓氏注音全都正确的一组是( )。

A.教师始终是教育改革成效的主导性因素，只有教师热爱学生，师心自用，才可能迎来教育的春天。

B.中国女排励精图治，卧薪尝胆，经过两年训练，终于在本届奥运会上力挫群雄，获得骄人战绩。

C.本届NBA东西部联盟明星赛将于北京时间明晨7时在三藩市举行，届时球迷们所熟悉的奥尼尔、邓肯等将粉墨登场。

2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试法律硕士(法学)专业学位联考专业综合课真题附答案

2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试法律硕士（法学）专业学位联考专业综合课真题及参考答案一、单项选择题：第1～20小题，每小题1分，共20分。

下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项是符合题目要求的。

1.不同学派关于法的性质有不同理解，对此，下列说法正确的是（）A.经济分析法学派认为法律不外乎主权者的命令B.批判法学派认为衡量法律优劣的最主要标准是实施效果C.自然法学派认为法律应与社会主流道德和人性的正义准则保持一致D.历史法学派认为一国的自然环境和政治制度决定着法的内容和性质1.【答案】C【考点】西方不同法学流派的观点【解析】法律不外乎主权者的命令，是19世纪英国法哲学家、分析法学派的创始人约翰·奥斯丁的观点，A项错误。

社会法学派强调法律实施的效果，认为法律优劣的主要标准是实施效果，B项错误。

自然法学派主张法是人的理性，强调自然法普遍永恒，且高于人定法，人定法符合自然法时才是真正的法律，人定法应于自然法保持一致，C项正确。

历史法学派认为法是民族精神、民族特性和民族共同意识的体现，D项错误。

2.关于法律的特征，下列说法正确的是（）A.以义务为本位是法律的本质特征B.法律应当由立法机关制定或认可体现了国家意志C.法律具有国家强制性，只能通过司法予以实施和实现D.法律的普遍性意味着在一国之内所有人都应享有相同的法律权利2.【答案】B【考点】法律的特征【解析】法是以权利和义务为内容的社会规范，具有权利和义务的一致性，法主要是以权利为本位，故A项错。

法律由国家制定或认可，从这个意义上看，法律体现国家的意志，故B正确。

法的实施包括执法、司法、守法等方式，C项错误。

法的普遍性，是指法所具有的普遍约束力。

它包含两方面的内容：（1）在一国主权范围之内，法律具有普遍效力，所有人都得遵守。

（2）法律对同样的事和人同样适用，即法律面前人人平等，D项错误。

3.关于法律关系，下列说法中不正确的是（）A.民事法律关系均为相对法律关系B.法律规范是法律关系产生的前提C.在法律关系中主体的权利和义务是现实的D.法律关系是以法律上的权利义务为内容的社会关系3.【答案】A【考点】法律关系【解析】民事法律关系不仅包括相对法律关系，还包括绝对法律关系，如物权关系与人身权等，故A表述错误，应选A项。

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)及答案

2018 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 .In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 , each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were rigged; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more jolts than the students who knew what would 8 . Subsequent experiments replicated this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply ingrained in humans, much the same as the basic drives 11 or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago, a co-author of the paper. Curiosity is often considered a good instin—c t it can 12new scientific advances, for instanc—e but sometimes such 13 can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 , however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image. These resultssuggest that imagining the 18_ time can help determine 19 _ of following through on one's curiosity ahead ofit is worth the endeavor. ― Thinking aboutlong-term 20 is key to mitigating the possible negative effects of curiosity, Hsee says. In other words, don't read online comments.1. A. ignore B. protect C. discuss D. resolve2. A. refuse B. seek C. wait D. regret3. A. rise B. last C. hurt D. mislead4. A. alert B. expose C. tie D. treat5. A. trial B. message C. review D. concept6. A. remove B. deliver C. weaken D. interrupt7. A. Unless B. If C. When D. Though8. A. change B. continue C. disappear D. happen9. A. such as B. rather than C.regardless of D. owing to10. A. disagree B. forgive C. discover D. forget11.A. pay B. food C. marriage D. schooling12.A. begin with B. rest on C. lead to D. learn from13.A. inquiry B. withdrawal C. persistence D. diligence14.A. self-deceptive B. self-reliant C. self-evident D. self-destructive15.A. trace B. define C. replace D. resist16.A. conceal B. overlook C. design D. predict17.A. choose B. remember C. promise D. pretend18.A. relief B. outcome C. plan D. duty19.A. how B. why C. where D. whether20.A.limitations B. investments C. consequences D. strategiesSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing [A],[B],[C] or[ D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and rote memorization, but practical, reports staff writer Stacy Teicher Khadaroo in this week cover story. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly bamboozled by a busted bike chain?As Koziatek knows, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he’a s lso found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. Schools in the family of vocational education―have that stereotype t.h..at it ’s for kids who can ’t make it academically, ‖he says.On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America ’s e volution.Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job security that theUS economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. Moreeducation is the new mantra. We want more for our kids, and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor ’s degree a s n d fo tr ha e llsubtle d–evaluingof anything less –misses an important point: That h’e o s nn ly oth ting the Americaneconomy needs. Yes, abachelor's degree opens moredoors. But even now, 54 percentof the jobs in the country aremiddle-skill job, such as construction and high-skill manufacturing. But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on itspolitical head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs, butthe workers who need those jobs most aren't equipped to do them Koziatek'sManchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek's school is wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all, itrisks overlooking a nation's diversity of gifts.21. A broken bike chain is mentioned to show student's lack of.A. academic trainingB. practical abilityC. pioneering spiritD. mechanical memorizetion22. There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who.A. have a stereotyped mindB. have no career motivationC. are financially disadvantagedD. are not academically successful23. We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates.A. used to have more job opportunitiesB. used to have big financial concernsC. are entitled to more educational privilegesD. are reluctant to work in manufacturing24. The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all.A. helps create a lot of middle-class jobsB. may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC. indicates the overvaluing of higher educationD. is expected to yield a better-trained wirkforce25. The author ’ s attitude toward Koziatek ’ s school can be described as.A. tolerantB. cautiousC. supportiveD. disappointedText 2While fossil fuels - coal, oil, gas –still generate roughly 85 percent of the world ’esnergy supply, it ’cslearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar. The move to renewable is picking up momentum around the world: They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stem from a commitment by governments and farsighted businessesto fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables, especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source. In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US, reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels –especially coal –as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source. But that messagedid not play well with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state ’ele s ctricity generation –and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question ― whathappens when the wind doesn’btlow or the sun doesn’st shine? ‖ha s provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big bets on battery-powered vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there ’ s a long way to go, the trend lines for renewables are spiking. The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding u–p perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in showing climate change. What Washington does –or doesn’dto –to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26. The word ― plummeting ‖ (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to .A. stabilizingB. changingC. fallingD. rising27. According to Paragraph 3, the use of renewable energy in America .A. is progressing notablyB. is as extensive as in EuropeC. faces many challengesD. has proved to be impractical28. It can be learned that in Iowa, .A. wind is a widely used energy source.B. wind energy has replaced fossil fuelsC. tech giants are investing in clean energyD. there is a shortage of clean energy supply29. Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5 & 6?A. Its application has boosted battery storage.B. It is commonly used in car manufacturing.C. Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D. Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy .A. will bring the US closer to other countriesB. will accelerate global environmental changeC. is not really encouraged by the US governmentD. is not competitive enough with regard to its costText 3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing –Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foodsfor $13.5bn, but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesn ’t have any pro yd s u i c c a tl at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users ’ friendships and social lives.Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the dealwent through. Even without knowing what was in the messages,the knowledge ofwho sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May ’ s enemies are currently plotting? It may be that the value to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records ofwhich customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of changewithin the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’tpay for them. The users of their services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them–and Facebook and Google, the two virtual giants, dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.The product they ’ re selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield. Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes. It doesn’fteel like a human or democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit.31. According to Paragraph1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for itsA. digital productsB. user informationC. physical assetsD. quality service32. Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may .A. worsen political disputesB. mess up customer recordsC. pose a risk to Facebook usersD. mislead the European commission33. According to the author, competition law .A. should serve the new market powersB. may worsen the economic imbalanceC. should not provide just one legal solutionD. cannot keep pace with the changing market34. Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because .A. they are not defined as customersB. they are not financially reliableC. the services are generally digitalD. the services are paid for by advertisers35. The ants analogy is used to illustrate .A. a win- win business model between digital giantsB. a typical competition pattern among digital giantsC. the benefits provided for digital giants ’customersD. the relationship between digital giants and their usersText 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Gal Newport, anther of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Districted world, recommends building a habit of ―deep work ‖the, —ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the mastering the art of deep work- be it lengthy retreats, dedicated to a specific task;developing a daily ritual; or taking a jou―rnalistic ‖approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.Newport also recommends ―deep scheduling ‖ct o o nc so ta m nb t a in tterruptions and get more down in less time. At any given point, Ishold has deep work scheduled for roughly the next month. Once on the calendar I protect this time like, I would a doctor's appointment or important meeting ,he writes.Another approach to getting more down in less time is to rethink how you prioritize your day -in particular how we craft our to - do lists. Tim Harford, authorof Messy. The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s, that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and golds in much time detail day by day.While the researchers assumed that the well- structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. Hartford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to- do list ineffective, while living room for improvisation in such alist canreap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy. We also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, ―be lazy. ‖― Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is indispensablteobe brain as Vitamin D is to the body [ idleness p]a is r a, doxically, necessary to getting any work done, ‖ he argues.Sriri Pillay an assistant of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counter - intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate. When our brains switch between being focusedand unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.―W hat people don't realise is that, in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain‖ , says Pillay.36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to .A.keep to your focus timeB. l ist your immediate tasksC. m ake specific daily plansD. s eize every minute to work37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harvard shows that .A.distractions may actually increase efficiencyB. daily schedules are indispensable to studyingC. students are hardly motivated by monthly goalsD. detailed plans many not be as fruitful as expected38. According to Newport, idleness is .A. a desirable mental state for busy peopleB. a major contributor to physical healthC. an effective way to save time and energyD. an essential factor in accomplishing any work.39. Pillay believes that our brains ’shift between a b n e d i nu g n ff o o c c u u s s e e d d .A. can result in .Psychological will-beingB. can bring about greater efficiencyC. is aimed at a better balance in workD. is driven by task urgency40. This text is mainly about .A. ways to relieve the tension of busy lifeB. approaches to getting more done in less timeC. the key to eliminating distractionsD. the cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A. Just say itB. Be presentC. Pay a unique complimentD. Name, places, thingsE. Find the ― me too ‖sF. Skip the small talkG. Ask for an opinionFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a newperson a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment willstrengthen the link.You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new peopleat work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with themwill form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start aconversation with strangers.41.Suppose you are in a room with someone you don't know and something withinyou says ―I want to talk with this perso-n this is some‖thing the mostly happens withall of us. You wanted to say something- the first word- but it just won't come out. Itfeels like it is stuck somewhere, I know the feelings and here is my advice just get itout.Just think: that is the worst that could happen? They won't talk with you? Well,they are not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow.So keep it simple: ―Hi ‖, ―Hey‖or do―th H e eb l lo e s‖t y—ou—can to gather all of theenthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and say ―Hi ‖.42.It ’s a problem all of us face: you have limited time w i t t h h e person that you wantto talk with and you want to make this talk, memorable.Honestly, if we got stuck, in the rut, of ―hi ‖, ―hello ‖, ― how are you ‖going on? ‖ you will fail to give the initial Jolt to the conversation that can make it so memorable.So don't be afraid, to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you ’ ll be surpris to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.43.When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the thingswhich you and that person, have in common so that you can build the conversation,from that point. When you start a conversation from there and then move outward,you will find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.44.Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy ontheir phone, and if you ask, for their attention, you get the response ― I can Mu So when someone tries, to communicate with you, just be in that communication wholeheartedly. Make eye contact, you can feel the conversation.45.You all came into a conversation, where you first met the person, but after sometime you may have met again, and have forgotten their name. Isn't that awkward!So remember the little details of the people you might, or you talked with;perhaps the places they have been to, the place they want to go, the things they like,the thing they hate - whatever you talk aboutWhen you remember such thing you can automatically become investor in theirwellbeing. So they feel a responsibility to you to keep bad relationship goingThat's it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone.Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with!A. be present41. B. just say it42. C. ask for an opinion43. D. name, places, things44. E. find the "me too"s45. F. pay a unique complimentG.skip the small talkSection ⅢTranslationDirections: Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Writeyour translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from alist of occupations. He ticks ―astronautbu‖t q uickly adds ―scientistto t‖he list andselects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough, he can explore asmany career paths as he likes. And so he rea—d s—everything from encyclopaedias toscience fiction novels. He reads so fervently that his parents have to i nstitute a ―no reading policy ‖ at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn’sttopped reading yet ——not even afterbecoming one of the most successful people on the planet. Nowadays, his readingmaterial has changed from science fiction and reference books: recently, he revealed that he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction titles because they explain how the world woks.―Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge to explore, Gates sa‖y.——Section IV WritingPart ADirections:Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit professor Smith. Write him an email to1) apologize and explain the situation;2) suggest a future meeting.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Don’t use your own nameu,se ―Li Ming ‖ instead.Don’t write your address. (10 points)Part BDirections:Write an essay based on the following chart. In your essay, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)答案解析1、【答案】[B] resolve【解析】此处考察词义辨析。

2018年全国硕士研究生统一入学考试自命题试题

D．磨牙后垫前缘E．腭小凹后2 mm
58.全口义齿初戴时发现下牙弓明显后退其原因可能是（）
A．人工牙排列不当B．病员下颌骨过于后退C．合架前后移动
D．确定水平颌位关系时，下颌前伸E．垂直距离过低
59.戴全口义齿出现咬颊现象，需磨改（）
13、Transitional repair 14、Ferrule15、克里斯坦森现象
二、A型选择题（共60小题，每题2分，共120分）
1.以下哪项属于假性囊肿（）
A.婴儿龈囊肿B.球状上颌囊肿C.成人龈囊肿
D.外渗性黏液囊肿E.潴留性黏液囊肿
2.肿瘤细胞表现为基底样细胞，伴有角化珠、细胞间桥等结构，考虑为（）
D.结缔组织乳头短E.有较疏松的黏膜下组织
13.在恒牙萌出过程中，第一恒磨牙钙化的时间是（）
A.胚胎4个月B.新生儿期C.出生4-6个月
D.出生16-18个月E.出生24个月
14.牙齿排列的描述，错误的是（）
A.左右两侧相互对称并与面部外形协调
B.牙齿在牙列中都有一定的倾斜
C.牙弓的形态一般可分为方圆形、卵圆形及尖圆形
33.牙髓感染的途径除了牙本质小管、牙髓暴露、牙周膜、血源性，还有（）
A.侧支根管B.牙本质的渗透作用C.邻牙根尖周感染的扩散
D.根尖孔E.外伤
34.对白斑的描述哪项是正确的（）
A.口腔粘膜上所发生的白色斑块都称为白斑
B.白斑大小与癌变的可能性成正比
C.皱纸状、疣状等表面形态象征癌前改变
D.各型白斑发生溃疡是癌前损害已有了进一步发展的标志
2018年全国硕士研究生统一入学考试自命题试题
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2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类联考综合能力(199)真题及答案

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类联考综合能力（199）真题及答案一、问题求解：第1~15小题，每小题3分，共45分，下列每题给出的A 、C 、C 、D 、E 五个选项中，只有一项是符合试题要求的。

1.学科竞赛设一、二、三等奖，比例1：3：8获奖率30%，已知10人已获一等奖，则参赛人数（）A.300B.400C.500D.550E.600 2.为了解某公司员工年龄结构，按男女人数比例进行随机抽样，结果如下：男员工年龄（岁）23 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 41 女员工年龄（岁） 23 25 27 27 29 31据表中数据统计，该公司男员工的平均年龄与全体员工平均年龄分别是（）A.32，30B.32，29.5C.32，27D.30，27E.29.5，27 3.某单位分段收费收网站流量（单位：GB ）费：每日20（含）GB 以内免，20到30（含）每GB 收1元，30到40（含）每GB 3元，40以上每GB 5元，小王本月用45GB 该交费（）A.45B.65C.75D.85E.1354.圆O 是△ABC 内切圆△ABC 面积与周长比1:2，则图O 面积（）A.πB.2πC.3πD.4πE.5π 5.实数满足，则（）,a b ||2a b -=22a b +=A.30B.22C.15D.13E.106.6张不同卡片两张一组分别装入甲乙丙3个袋中，指定两张要在同一组，不同装法有（）种，A.12B.18C.24D.30E.367.四边形A 、B 、C 、D 是平行四边形，是四边的中点是四边中点依次下去，得到四边形序列设面积为且则（）A.16B.20C.24D.28E.308.甲乙比赛围棋，约定先胜2局者胜，已知每局甲胜概率0.6，乙为0.4，若第一局乙胜，则甲赢得比赛概率为（）A.0.144B.0.288C.0.36D.0.4E.0.69.圆，若圆在点（1，2）处的切线与轴及点为（0.3）则=（）A.-2B.-1C.0D.1E.210.96顾客至少购甲、乙、丙3种商品中一种，经调查同时购甲、乙两种的有8位，同时购甲丙的有12位，同购乙、丙的有6位，同购3种的有2位，则仅购一种的有（）A.70位B.72C.74D.76E.8211.函数22()max{,8}f x x x =-+的最小值为（） 2222A B C D 1111A B C D 3333A B C D 2222A B C D (123)n n n n A B C D n =、、…n n n n A B C D n S 112S =123S S S +++…=22:()C x y a b +-=C yabA.8B.7C.6D.5E.4 12.某单位为检查3个印前工作，由这3个部门主任和外聘3名人员组成检查组，每组1名外聘，规定本部门主任不能检查本部门，则不同的安排方式有（）A.6种B.8种C.12种D.18种E.36种13.从标号1到10中的10张卡片中随抽2张，而它们的标号2种能被5整除的概率（）A. B. C. D. E. 14.圆柱体底面半径2，高3，垂直于底面的平面截圆柱体所得截面为矩形，若弦所对圆心角是，则截去部分（较小那部分）体积（）A.B. C.332π- D.233π- E.15.羽毛球队4名男运动员3女足动员，从中选出2对参加混双比赛，不同选派方式（）A.19B.18C.24D.36E.72二、条件充分性判断：第16~25小题，每小题3分，共30分。

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试教育学综合真题

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试教育学综合真题(总分：330.00，做题时间：180分钟)一、单项选择题1～45小题，每小题2分，共90分。

下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项符合试题要求。

(总题数：45，分数：90.00)1.主张用“理解”和“解释”的立场与方法研究教育问题的教育学流派是（分数：2.00）A.实验教育学B.文化教育学√C.批判教育学D.元教育学解析：实验教育学是19世纪末20世纪初兴起的用自然科学的实验法研究儿童发展和教育之间关系的理论，代表人物是梅伊曼和拉伊；文化教育学是19世纪末出现在德国的一种教育学说，代表人物是狄尔泰、斯普朗格和利特，主张教育要促使社会历史的客观文化向个体的主观文化转变，并将个体的主观世界引导向博大的客观文化世界，培养完整的人格，用理解和解释的方法研究教育问题；批判教育学是20世纪70年代后兴起的一种教学理论，在当前西方教育理论界占主导地位，研究教育中的不公平、不公正问题，带有较强的批判性，代表人物是鲍尔斯、金蒂斯和阿普尔；元教育学指对教育学这个学科的再研究。

答案选B项。

2.对人力资本理论提出质疑，认为教育并不提高人的能力，只是用来区别不同人的能力的手段，这种观点属于（分数：2.00）A.冲突论B.文凭理论√C.结构功能论D.劳动力市场理论解析：筛选假设理论，又称文凭理论，它承认教育与工资的正相关，指出这种正相关是通过筛选作用而实现的。

但认为教育只反映了个人的能力，并没有增加个人的能力。

故本题选B。

3.某家长认为目前学校课业负担过重，担心会影响孩子创造性和批判反思能力的发展,决定在家亲自给孩子上课。

该事例说明学校教育具有（分数：2.00）A.正向显性功能B.负向显性功能正向隐性功能C.D.负向隐性功能√解析：正向功能是有助于；负向功能是阻碍；显性功能是主观目标与客观结果相符的情况；隐性功能与显性功能相对，指这种结果既非事先筹划，亦未被觉察到。

4.教育工作需要循序渐进，主要依据的是儿童身心发展的（分数：2.00）A.差异性和阶段性B.差异性和顺序性C.不均衡性和差异性D.阶段性和顺序性√解析：教育要适应儿童身心发展的顺序性，遵循量力性原则，循序渐进地促进儿童身心的发展；教育要适应儿童身心发展的阶段性，对不同年龄阶段的学生，在教育的内容和方法上应有所不同。

2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试管理类综合真题及解析

2018年管理类专业硕士研究生全国联考真题一、问题求解：第1—15小题,每小题3分,共45分. 下列每题给出的A、B、C、D、E五个选项中, 只有一项是符合试题要求的. 请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑.1、学科竞赛设一等奖、二等奖和三等奖，比例为1：3：8，获奖率为30％、已知10人获得一等奖，则参加竞赛的人数为（A）300 （B）400 （C）500 （D）550 （E）600【答案】2、为了解某公司员工的年龄结构，按男、女人数的比例进行了随机抽样，结果如下：根据表中数据估计，该公司男员工的平均年龄与全体员工的平均年龄分别是（单位：岁）（A）32，30 （B）32, 29.5 （C）32, 27 （D）30, 27（E）29.5, 27【答案】3、某单位采取分段收费的方式收取网络流量（单位：GB）费用：每月流量20（含）以内免费，流量20到30（含）的每GB收费1元，流量30到40（含）的每GB收费3元，流量40以上的每GB收费5元，小王这个月用了45GB 的流量，则他应该交费（A）45元（B）65元（C）75元（D）85元（E）135元【答案】4、如图，圆O是三角形ABC的内切圆，若三角形ABC的面积与周长的大小之比为1：2，则圆O的面积为（A）π（B）2π（C）3π（D）4π（E）5π【答案】5、设实数,满足|-|=2，|-|=26, 则+=（A）30 （B）22 （C）15 （D）13 （E）10【答案】6、甲、乙两人进行围棋比赛，约定先胜2盘者赢得比赛。

已知每盘棋甲获胜的概率是0.6，乙获胜的概率是0.4，若乙在第一盘获胜，则甲赢得比赛的概率为（A）0.144 （B）0.288 （C）0.36 （D）0.4 （E）0.6【答案】7、如图，四边形平行四边形，,,,分别是四边的中点，,,,分别是四边的中点，依次下去。

得到四边形序列（m=1，2，3…），设的面积为且=12，则+++…=（A）16 （B）20 （C）24 （D）28 （E）30【答案】8、已知圆+=b，若圆C在点（1.2）处的切线与y轴的交点为（0.3），则ab=（A）1-2 （B）-1 （C）0 （D）1 （E）2【答案】9、有96位顾客至少购买了甲、乙、丙三种商品中的一种，经调查：同时购买甲、乙两种商品的有8位，同时购买甲、丙两种商品的有12位，同时购买乙、丙两种商品的有6位，三种同时购买有2位，则仅购买一种商品的顾客有（A）70位（B）72位（C）74位（D）76位（E）82位【答案】10、将6张不同的卡片2张一组分别装入甲、乙、丙3个袋子中，若指定的两张卡片要在同一组，则不同的袋法有（A）12种（B）18种（C）24种（D）30种（E）36种【答案】11、某单位为检查3个部门的工作。