宾语从句

宾语从句，是名词性从句的一种。在主从复合句中充当宾语，位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。

定义置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式、动词现在分词、过去式、过去分词后面都能带宾语从句。有些形容词（afraid,sure,glad等）之后也可以带宾语从句。

特点宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。

宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。

连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义，不充当句子成分，口语中一般可以省略。

whether 和 if 都可引导宾语从句，但 whether后可紧跟or not；whether从句可作介词的宾语。当if/whether引导宾语从句时，在从句中不做任何成分，但有具体的含义，意为“是否”。if/whether不能省略。

如果从句太长，可以用形式宾语it.

补充：从句在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.

分类：宾语从句分为三类:

（1）动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句.时态：1·主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时。2·主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。3.当为客观事实和科学真理时，从句为一般现在时。

（2）宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether.that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句.

He told me that he would go to the college the next year他告诉我他将在下一年上大学.

I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否还会有公交车. Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.没人知道他是否会通过考试. 连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等.连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.

Do you know who has won this game?你知道谁赢了这一局游戏吗I don’t know whom you should depend on.我不知道你该依靠谁.

The book will show you what the best CEOs know.这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么.

Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Huawei or Apple smart phone?你决定好是买华为还是苹果的手机了吗?

连接副词连接副词主要有

when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.

He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.

Could you please tell me how you read the new panel?你能展示给我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?

None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.

（3）动词的宾语从句大多数动词都可以带宾语从句

We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are

stronger.我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.

He told us that they would help us through the whole work.他告诉我们在整个工作中,他都会帮忙的.

部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句

I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.

Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip?你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗?

动词短语也可以带宾语从句常见的这些词有:make sure确保 keep in mind 牢记

Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.

可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句

①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.

I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.

I feel it a pity that I haven’t been t o the get-together.我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.

I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天写日记成了习惯.

We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater. 我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.

②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.

I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.（when引导时间状语从句，it是代词，代指这种情况） I hate it that i love you.我讨厌我爱你。（it是形式宾语，that引导宾语从句）

He will have it that our plan is really practical.他会认为我们的计划确实可行.

We take it that you will agree with us.我们认为你会同意我们的.

When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral.开启发动机时, 一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.

③若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替

We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.

We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的.

3.介词的宾语从句用wh-类的介词宾语从句

We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.

The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升如太空的.

用that,if引导的介词宾语从句有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句