美国文学PPT
合集下载
《美国文学》课件三.ppt
10
Anne Bradstreet: "Contemplations (9)"
• Contemplations (9) • I heard the merry grasshopper then sing. • The black-clad cricket (蟋蟀) bear a second part; • They kept one tune and played on the same string, • Seeming to glory in their little art. • Shall creatures abject thus their voices raise • And in their kind resound their Maker's praise, • Whilst I, as mute, can warble (sing in a high voice but not
• Smith says of Pocahontas that she "hazarded the beating out of her owne braines to save mine."
4
Captain John Smith: Life experiences
• On September 10, 1608, Smith became president of the council in the colony and orchestrated （organize）such improvements as expanding the settlement around the fort and repairing many buildings.
• His importance is more seen in his Puritanical doctrines; a representative of the idealistic aspect of American Puritanism and an emblem of the Calvinist beliefs and tenets.
Anne Bradstreet: "Contemplations (9)"
• Contemplations (9) • I heard the merry grasshopper then sing. • The black-clad cricket (蟋蟀) bear a second part; • They kept one tune and played on the same string, • Seeming to glory in their little art. • Shall creatures abject thus their voices raise • And in their kind resound their Maker's praise, • Whilst I, as mute, can warble (sing in a high voice but not
• Smith says of Pocahontas that she "hazarded the beating out of her owne braines to save mine."
4
Captain John Smith: Life experiences
• On September 10, 1608, Smith became president of the council in the colony and orchestrated （organize）such improvements as expanding the settlement around the fort and repairing many buildings.
• His importance is more seen in his Puritanical doctrines; a representative of the idealistic aspect of American Puritanism and an emblem of the Calvinist beliefs and tenets.
美国文学PPT
在1873年，塞丝和她的女儿丹芙住在辛辛那提附近农村地区124号 的一所房子里。由于塞丝过去的经历和她的孤傲，她们受到当地 人的排斥。自从逃出“甜蜜家园”农场后十八年已经过去了。这 个农场由一个被称之为老师的凶残的男人经营着，这个人一边允 许他的侄子们残害塞丝一边做笔录用以科学地研究黑人。因此， 已经怀孕的塞丝逃跑了，逃跑的路上在一个叫做艾米的白人妇女 的帮助下生下了孩子。此时理应陪在塞丝身边的丈夫却消失了。 带着四个孩子逃往辛辛那提后塞丝只享受了28天的自由便被她的 主人追到，塞丝试图把她的孩子全都杀死而不愿让他们沦为奴隶， 但最后只杀死了其中的一个。她的主人因为认为塞丝已不能继续 当仆人而丢弃了她，而塞丝也免于绞刑继续在124号抚养剩下的三 个孩子。死去孩子的灵魂开始出没于她们居住的房子，两个儿子 霍华德和巴尔格两度遇见灵魂后心惊胆战地离开了。祖母贝比"萨 格斯也因此伤心而患病死去。贝比"萨格斯以前在辛辛那提的黑人 社区有着相当大的影响力，被许多人热奉为鼓舞人心的“圣女”。 自从塞丝出事后她便放弃讲道卧病在床。她死后数年里塞丝和丹 芙孤独地继续生活在小房子里，特别是丹芙，虽然已经十八岁， 但还是不敢离开房子半步。
获奖
此外，莫里森还荣获下列奖项： 1977年 《所罗门之歌》获全国图书评论界奖（National Book Critics Circle Award） 1977年 或美国艺术与文学学院奖（American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters Award） 1987-88年 获罗伯特·肯尼迪图书奖（Robert F. Kennedy Book Award） 1988年 《宝贝儿》获美国图书奖（American Book Award） 1988年 《宝贝儿》获安斯非尔德-沃尔夫种族关系图书奖（Anisfield-Wolf Book Award in Race Relations） 1988年 《宝贝儿》获普利策小说奖（Pulitzer Prize for Fiction） 1989年 美国现代语言协会联邦文学奖（MLA Commonwealth Award in Literature） 1993年 获法国艺术及文学司令勋章（Commander of the Arts and Letters ） 1994年 获孔多塞奖章（Condorcet Medal） 1994年 获赛珍珠奖（Pearl Buck Award） 1994年 获雷吉耶姆·朱里文学奖（Rhegium Julii Prize for Literature） 1996年 获全国图书基金美国文学突出贡献奖（National Book Foundation's Medal of Distinguished Contribution to American Letters） 2000年 获全国人文奖章（National Humanities Medal）
美国文学 ppt课件
• Puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated.
• Religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a
wrathful GodOf Plymouth Plantation
ppt课件
8
Anne Bradstreet (安妮·布拉 德斯特里特) (1612-1672)
the first American woman poet
a Puritan poet, once called “Tenth Muse”
• The spiritual life in the colonies during that period was molded by the bourgeois Enlightenment.
ppt课件
11
2. Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790):
• The Autobiography • Poor Richard’s Almanack
the first American writer
A Description of New England 《新英格兰叙事》 (1616)
General History of Virginia《弗吉尼亚通史》 （1642）
• Pocahontas
ppt课件
7
William Bradford (1590-1657)
• Politics dominated the revolutionary phase of American writing.
• The crisis in American life carried by the Revolution made artists self-conscious about American subjects.
艾米莉狄金森《美国文学》原创PPT课件
interest in Emily ‘s poems
. different nature
4
The Homestead
Emily Dickinson lived with her unmarried sister Lavinia in an elegant house called The Homestead(霍姆斯特德).
At the same time , Dickinson is widely acknowledged as an innovative pre-modernist poet as well as a rebellious and courageous woman.
迪金森的诗谜一般充满奇思妙想，展现出非凡的创造力与想象力。她的作品受到17世 纪英格兰玄学派诗人的影响，同时带有清教的家庭背景的烙印。虽然她不相信家庭的传统 宗教，但她研究了圣经，许多诗歌在形式上也类似圣经。她对破折号的热爱，不规则的韵 律和韵脚，超乎寻常的比喻使她当之无愧地成. 为19世纪美国文坛最具创新意识的诗人9。
A
promineGnrat vlaewaynedr
satnedrnpolitician(
我发生冲突。” Representative to Congress)
Same as their father’s career
Became ill when Emily was 25
Focus of attention and shows Close friend，though they share
.
14
Themes
On Nature
• Dickinson observed nature closely and described it vividly but never with the feeling of being lost in it, or altogether part of it, nor was she surprised when its creatures also kept their distance.
美国文学ppt
The old Winery Cottage, where London died (in the left sleeping porch) on November 22, 1916
HIS FAMOUS FICTIONS
The Call of the Wild 《野性的呼唤》 《白牙》 《海狼》
White Fa“lost generation” and T.S.Eliot
REPRESETIVE WRITERS
Stephen Crane
Frank Norris
Theodore Dreiser
Jack
STEPHEN CRANE
Biography
Fiction and poetry
Style and technique
Émile Zola
Born Died Occupation Nationality Genres Notable work(s) Émile Édouard Charles Antoine Zola 2 April 1840 Paris, France 29 September 1902) (aged 62) Paris, France Novelist, playwright, journalist French Naturalism Les Rougon-Macquart, Thérèse Raquin Germinal
JACK LONDON
His major works
His honors and legacy
His life and death
January 12, 1876 – November 22, 1916
His writing style
His life story
美国文学PPT整理版
Benjamin Franklin the Autobiography 自传•Poor Richard's Almanac 作品A Collection of maxims, or proverbs, on the value of work and savings for success.•Y ou may be happier than princes if you will be more virtuous.•If you would live long, live well; for folly and wickedness shorten life.•Lost time is never found again.•A penny saved is a penny earned.•God help those who help themselves.•Early to bed, and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.American Romanticism 看英文•The Romantic Period stretches from the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of the Civil War. It is a period of the great flowering of American literature. 特征：浪漫主义The social and cultural background of Romanticism•The young Republic was flourishing into a politically, economically and culturally independent country.•The nation felt an urge to have its own literary expression, to make known its new experience that other nations did not have: the early Puritan settlement, the confrontation with the Indians, the frontiersmen’s life, and the wild west.•Born of one common cultural heritage, the American writers shared some common features with the English Romanticists.There was a new emphasis upon the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature. 特征•The Romantic writings revealed unique characteristics of their own in their works and they grew on the native lands.The desire for an escape from society and a return to nature became a permanent convention of American literature.The American Puritanism as a cultural heritage exerted great influences over American moral values.•Foreign influences added incentive to the growth of romanticism in America.Walter Scott; Coleridge; Wordsworth; Byron; Robert Burns and other masters of poetry from other European countries•Washington Irving 华盛顿·欧文•James Fenimore Cooper詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库柏•William Cullen Bryant威廉·柯伦·布赖恩特•Ralph Waldo Emerson 拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生•Henry David Thoreau亨利·戴维·梭罗•Nathaniel Hawthorne 纳撒尼尔·霍桑•Herman Melville赫尔曼·梅尔维尔•Walt Whitman 沃尔特·惠特曼•Edgar Allan Poe埃德加·爱伦·坡•Emily Dickinson艾米莉·狄金森•Romantics frequently shared certain general characteristics: moral enthusiasm, faith in value of individualism and intuitive perception, and a presumption that the natural world was a source of goodness and man’s societies as a source of corruption.特征W ashington Irving华盛顿·欧文Father of American literatu re.Irving’s life•He was one of the first American writers to earn an international reputation, and regarded as an early Romantic writer in the American literary history andThe Sketch Book《见闻札记》Rip V an Winkle 《瑞普·凡·温克尔》The Legend of Sleepy Hollow《睡谷的传说》Edgar Allan Poe 埃德加·爱伦·坡Poet, short story writer and literary critic (48 poems, 70 short stories)•The Raven 《乌鸦》•Annabel Lee《安娜贝尔·李》•T o Helen《致海伦》•The Fall of the House of Usher•Ligeia•The Cask of AmontilladoThe Poetic Principle•The poem, should be short, readable at one sitting•beauty (the rhythmical creation of beauty)•melancholy (especially the death of a beautiful woman)•He greatly influenced the devotees of “Art for art’s sake‖.•He was father of psychoanalytic criticism, and the detective story.Gothic Building/// Gothic NovelRalph Waldo Emerson 艾默生The chief spokesman of New England T ranscendentalism 新英格兰超验主义新英格兰是位于美国大陆东北角、濒临大西洋、毗邻加拿大的区域。
《文学美国文学》PPT课件
因为人类的祖先亚当和夏娃是有罪的),
total depravity(人类是完全堕落的，所以
人要处处小心自己的行为，要尽可能做到
最好以取悦上帝), limited atonement (有
限救赎，只有被上帝选中的人才能得到上
帝的拯救)
h
3
American Puritanism
Features of American Puritan
h
8
2. Early American Puritan Writers
• John Smith, one of the founders of the colony of Jamestown: His descriptions about the new world became the source of information for the later settlers.
Exercise
Colonial period and Revolutionary period Early Romanticism Transcendentalism Late Romanticism
The age of Realism
Irving Franklin Cooper Emerson Hawthorne Twain James Dreiser Melville Thoreau
himself to writing Amh erican subject
12
2. Evaluation. (Benjamin Franklin1706 – 1790)
1) He was a rare genius in human history. Everything seems to meet in this one man, mind and will, talent and art, strength and ease, wit and grace, and he became almost everything: a printer, postmaster, citizen, almanac maker, essayist, scientist, inventor, statesman, philosopher, political economist and ambassador.
《美国文学》课件.ppt
3
• When he woke up, he noticed that his joints were stiff and that his beard had grown a foot long. Returning to his village, he found it changed almost beyond recognition.
7
3) What does “this legendary superstition” refer to? (Para. 2) 4) What is “the general purport of this legendary superstition”? (Para. 3—Para. 4)
8
5) Is the “Legend of Sleepy Hollow” the story of the Headless Horseman? If not, what does the “Legend of Sleepy Hollow” deal with?
10
Literary Terms: 1.Protagonist: The leading character in a play or story, originally the leader of the CHORUS in the AGON (“contest”) of Greek drama, faced with the ANTAGONIST, the opposition.
9
6) How many major characters are mentioned in the “legend”? Who are they? And what’s the relationship between them? Who is the protagonist? And who is the antagonist?
• When he woke up, he noticed that his joints were stiff and that his beard had grown a foot long. Returning to his village, he found it changed almost beyond recognition.
7
3) What does “this legendary superstition” refer to? (Para. 2) 4) What is “the general purport of this legendary superstition”? (Para. 3—Para. 4)
8
5) Is the “Legend of Sleepy Hollow” the story of the Headless Horseman? If not, what does the “Legend of Sleepy Hollow” deal with?
10
Literary Terms: 1.Protagonist: The leading character in a play or story, originally the leader of the CHORUS in the AGON (“contest”) of Greek drama, faced with the ANTAGONIST, the opposition.
9
6) How many major characters are mentioned in the “legend”? Who are they? And what’s the relationship between them? Who is the protagonist? And who is the antagonist?
美国文学讲义参考ppt
欢乐山的五月柱》 《欢乐山的五月柱》
7
Endicott and the Red Cross
恩地科特与红十字》 《恩地科特与红十字》
8
Howe’s Masquerade
豪的面具》 《豪的面具》
9
Dr. Hidegger’s Experiment
海德格医生的实验》 《海德格医生的实验》
10
The Bosom Serpent
﹡cold-blooded,
chilling, psychologically perverse, cruel, ugly, old, deformed, mean; ﹡always want to revenge ﹡an image of science man
Symbolic meaning of the letter “A” (P77): 1 Adultery 2 Able 3 Angel 4 Adamic
3 One source of evil that Hawthorne was concerned most is overreaching intellect. His intellectual characters are usually villains, dreadful because devoid of fellow feeling.
(1851)《有七个尖角阁的房子》 《有七个尖角阁的房子》
The Blithedale Romance
(1852)《福谷传奇》 《福谷传奇》
The Marble Faun
(1860)《玉石收神》 《玉石收神》
1
Earthy Holocaust
《大地的燔祭》 大地的燔祭》
2
Young Goodman Brown
7
Endicott and the Red Cross
恩地科特与红十字》 《恩地科特与红十字》
8
Howe’s Masquerade
豪的面具》 《豪的面具》
9
Dr. Hidegger’s Experiment
海德格医生的实验》 《海德格医生的实验》
10
The Bosom Serpent
﹡cold-blooded,
chilling, psychologically perverse, cruel, ugly, old, deformed, mean; ﹡always want to revenge ﹡an image of science man
Symbolic meaning of the letter “A” (P77): 1 Adultery 2 Able 3 Angel 4 Adamic
3 One source of evil that Hawthorne was concerned most is overreaching intellect. His intellectual characters are usually villains, dreadful because devoid of fellow feeling.
(1851)《有七个尖角阁的房子》 《有七个尖角阁的房子》
The Blithedale Romance
(1852)《福谷传奇》 《福谷传奇》
The Marble Faun
(1860)《玉石收神》 《玉石收神》
1
Earthy Holocaust
《大地的燔祭》 大地的燔祭》
2
Young Goodman Brown
美国文学ppt课件
James Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851)
The Leatherstocking Tales were a series of novels about the frontier lives of American settlers.
The Pioneers was the first of The Leatherstocking Tales. The other four stories are The Last of the Mohicans, The
An Introduction to British and American Culture
William Faulkner (1897-1962)
The Sound and the Fury Light in August Absalom, Absalom! Go Down, Moses
An Introduction to British and American Culture
Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849)
The Raven (1844) was one of his most enduring works.
The Fall of the House of Usher The Masque of Red Death Legia
An Introduction to British and American Culture
Charaters: Hester Prynne, Roger Chillingworth, Arthur Dimmesdale
An Introduction to British and American Culture
美国文学现实主义文学 PPT
美国文学现实主义文学
Part IV The Literature of Realism
美国现实主义文学 (1860-1914)
I. Historical Introduction II. Literary Movements between the Civil
War and the First World War III. The Establishment of American
Features of Realism
Emphasizes objectivity and offers an objective rather than an idealistic view of human nature and human experience. Realists seek truth that is verifiable by experience and have practical consequences. They expressed the concern for the world of experience, of the commonplace, and for the familiar and the low. Realism is embedded in a mimetic theory of art. Realists believe that literature imitates reality.
Local Colorism
❖ Local colorism is dependent upon a specific geographical location. Local colorists give emphasis to the local details by tapping into its folklore, history, mannerism, custom, beliefs and speech. Dialects peculiarities are the defining characteristic of local color writings. They tend to idealize and glorify, but they never forgot to keep an eye on the truthful color of local life.
Part IV The Literature of Realism
美国现实主义文学 (1860-1914)
I. Historical Introduction II. Literary Movements between the Civil
War and the First World War III. The Establishment of American
Features of Realism
Emphasizes objectivity and offers an objective rather than an idealistic view of human nature and human experience. Realists seek truth that is verifiable by experience and have practical consequences. They expressed the concern for the world of experience, of the commonplace, and for the familiar and the low. Realism is embedded in a mimetic theory of art. Realists believe that literature imitates reality.
Local Colorism
❖ Local colorism is dependent upon a specific geographical location. Local colorists give emphasis to the local details by tapping into its folklore, history, mannerism, custom, beliefs and speech. Dialects peculiarities are the defining characteristic of local color writings. They tend to idealize and glorify, but they never forgot to keep an eye on the truthful color of local life.
美国文学及其特色ppt课件
沃尔特·惠特曼 (Walt Whitman)
《草叶集》(Leaves of Grass, 1855－1892)
马克·吐温 (Mark Twain)
《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》(Adventures of
Huckleberry Finn, 1884)
20
推荐书目
西奥多·德莱塞（Theodore Dreiser）
22
15
西方文学中带有普遍性的象征
霍桑的“红字” 梅尔维尔的“白鲸” 惠特曼的“草叶” 安德森的“奇形怪状的苹果” 菲兹杰拉德码头上的“绿灯” 福克纳的“熊”
16
美国文学
中
思想内容上的 感情矛盾
表达方式上的 意思含糊、模棱两可
17
学习方法
做
“思考的人”
“Man Thinking”
18
学习方法
• 把美国文学和美国地理、历史、社会、文化 结合起来学习；
纳撒尼尔·霍桑 (Nathaniel Hawthorne)
《红字》(The Scarlet Letter, 1850)
斯托夫人（Harriet Beecher Stowe）
《汤姆叔叔的小屋》(Uncle Tom’s Cabin，1852 )
赫尔曼·梅尔维尔 (Herman Melville)
《白鲸》(Moby-Dick, 1851 )
• 经常出现的“美国梦”主题 • 作品主题或文学体裁往往和美国的
地理、历史有关 • 个人和社会的冲突和矛盾、社会进
步毁坏了大自然和人的天性 • 少年成长的故事(initiation story) • 开放性结尾
8
美国梦American Dream
菲兹杰拉德/F. Scott Fitzgerald 《了不起的盖茨比》
美国文学 PPT课件
➢ Chapter II Revolutionary Period
Benjamin Franklin Philip Freneau
➢ Chapter III American Romanticism
Washington Irving James Fenimore Cooper William Cullen Bryant Edgar Allan Poe Nathaniel Hawthorne
Brief Outline of American literature
1. Colonial period (1607-1775)
Anne Bradstreet Edward Taylor
2. Revolutionary period
(1775-1783) Benjamin Franklin Philip Freneau
The early settlers
❖ Christopher Columbus discovered the American continent in 1492.
❖ Captain John Smith reached Jamestown, Virginia in 1607.
❖ Puritans came the New England area, by Mayflower in 1620.
❖ Literature is characterized by beauty of expression and form and by universality of intellectual and emotional appeal.
2. Forms (genres) of literature? Poetry, novel (fiction), drama, prose, essay, epic, elegy, short story, journalism, ts, novelette, etc.
Benjamin Franklin Philip Freneau
➢ Chapter III American Romanticism
Washington Irving James Fenimore Cooper William Cullen Bryant Edgar Allan Poe Nathaniel Hawthorne
Brief Outline of American literature
1. Colonial period (1607-1775)
Anne Bradstreet Edward Taylor
2. Revolutionary period
(1775-1783) Benjamin Franklin Philip Freneau
The early settlers
❖ Christopher Columbus discovered the American continent in 1492.
❖ Captain John Smith reached Jamestown, Virginia in 1607.
❖ Puritans came the New England area, by Mayflower in 1620.
❖ Literature is characterized by beauty of expression and form and by universality of intellectual and emotional appeal.
2. Forms (genres) of literature? Poetry, novel (fiction), drama, prose, essay, epic, elegy, short story, journalism, ts, novelette, etc.
美国文学史总结PPT课件
人之福，也是众人之父“a common blessing and father to them all”
2019/9/12
6
John Winthrop
John Winthrop:《新英格兰历史》“The History of New England”. 1630年登上“阿贝亚”（Arbella）to Massachusetts并开始写日记keep a journal
其还是美国第一位主要作家the first major writer非凡表达能力，简洁明了，有点幽默，还是一位讽 刺天才as an author he had power of expression, simplicity, a subtle humor. He was also sarcastic.
美国早期文学主要为the narratives and journals of these settlements采用in diaries and in journals(日记和日志)，他们写关于the land with dense forests and deep-blue lakes and rich soil.
2019/9/12
10
Edward Taylor
清教徒诗人中最杰出的一位the best of the Puritan poets 他的作品遵循了十七世纪中期一些杰出诗人风格和形式his work followed they
style and forms of the leading English poets of the mid-seventeenth century。 他大部分作品关于宗教的，大部分诗歌直接以赞美诗为基础进行创作的most of
2019/9/12
2019/9/12
6
John Winthrop
John Winthrop:《新英格兰历史》“The History of New England”. 1630年登上“阿贝亚”（Arbella）to Massachusetts并开始写日记keep a journal
其还是美国第一位主要作家the first major writer非凡表达能力，简洁明了，有点幽默，还是一位讽 刺天才as an author he had power of expression, simplicity, a subtle humor. He was also sarcastic.
美国早期文学主要为the narratives and journals of these settlements采用in diaries and in journals(日记和日志)，他们写关于the land with dense forests and deep-blue lakes and rich soil.
2019/9/12
10
Edward Taylor
清教徒诗人中最杰出的一位the best of the Puritan poets 他的作品遵循了十七世纪中期一些杰出诗人风格和形式his work followed they
style and forms of the leading English poets of the mid-seventeenth century。 他大部分作品关于宗教的，大部分诗歌直接以赞美诗为基础进行创作的most of
2019/9/12
4美国文学课件
Poetic Principles
To Poe, poetic meaning is in the poem’s own poem’ composition and utterance, thus there is no utterance, exterior or transcendental truth in a poem. This emphasis on the poem’s own integrity poem’ and that a poem being absolutely independent allows people to associate Poe with the school of “art for art’s sake” and to regard him art’ sake” as a precursor to the school of New Criticism in the 20th century America.
► Quoth
the Raven, Nevermore
► Original
Burial Place of Edgar Allan Poe From October 9, 1849 Until November 17, 1875 ► Mrs. Marian Clemm, His Mother-In-Law Mother-InLies Upon His Right And Virginia Poe His Wife, Upon His Left. Under The Monument Erected To Him In This Cemetery
► Before
he became editor of Southern Literary Messenger in 1835, he had published a number of short stories, including “MS Found in a Bottle” Bottle”. In his new position as editor, Poe soon established himself as a leading critic in literature. literature. His editorship and the vitality of his critical articles and his literary creation brought him increasing fame in literary circles but never wealth; even when he was at the peak of his career, he was “as … as ever I was in my life.” life. in 1847 his wife died, and then two more years of loneliness, poverty, intoxication and illness killed Poe at the age of 40.
美国文学欣赏Edgar_Allan_Poe(课堂PPT)
• Not accepted before French symbolists like Charles Pierre Baudelaire (1821-1867) and Mallarmé.
13
In America
• Emerson: “the jingle man” (noisy)
• Mark Twain: His prose is unreadable.
musical effect of words themselves) • Negligence of so-called truth and social, political and
moral suggestions • “Pure poetry” or “pure art” • Unity of effect and atmosphere; content in service of
• Most controversial and misunderstood in America • Well received in Europe, England, Spain, esp. in France • Literary output:
some seventy short stories and a dozen poems • A: Poems • B: Short stories • C: literary theory • D: one full-length novel:
Edgar Allan Poe 坡
(1809—1849)
1
E.A. Poe (1809—1849)
Poe’s mother
2
Edgar Allan Poe
（1809—1849）埃德加.爱伦.坡
13
In America
• Emerson: “the jingle man” (noisy)
• Mark Twain: His prose is unreadable.
musical effect of words themselves) • Negligence of so-called truth and social, political and
moral suggestions • “Pure poetry” or “pure art” • Unity of effect and atmosphere; content in service of
• Most controversial and misunderstood in America • Well received in Europe, England, Spain, esp. in France • Literary output:
some seventy short stories and a dozen poems • A: Poems • B: Short stories • C: literary theory • D: one full-length novel:
Edgar Allan Poe 坡
(1809—1849)
1
E.A. Poe (1809—1849)
Poe’s mother
2
Edgar Allan Poe
（1809—1849）埃德加.爱伦.坡
美国文学课件(Emerson and Thoreau)PPT教学课件
• Other influences on Emerson’s later thinking included
– his own Unitarian-Yankee background
– his admiration for Plato and the neo-Platonism
– his study of the sacred bocks of the East
American Literature
Lecture Six
Emerson and Thoreau
Ralph Waldo Emerson
(18031882)
• Born in Boston, the son of a Unitarian (一神教的) minister who was a member of an old Puritan family.
• During a tour of Europe (1832-33), he met Carlyle, Wordsworthom he became intimately associated with the transcendental thought and its sources with the German idealism.
• After his father’s death, he was raised by his mother and an aunt, Mary Moody Emerson, a zealously pious woman who expressed her sardonically critical mind in a style her nephew admired and imitated.
• After graduation in 1821 he took over his brother’s Boston school for young ladies, although with some misgivings
– his own Unitarian-Yankee background
– his admiration for Plato and the neo-Platonism
– his study of the sacred bocks of the East
American Literature
Lecture Six
Emerson and Thoreau
Ralph Waldo Emerson
(18031882)
• Born in Boston, the son of a Unitarian (一神教的) minister who was a member of an old Puritan family.
• During a tour of Europe (1832-33), he met Carlyle, Wordsworthom he became intimately associated with the transcendental thought and its sources with the German idealism.
• After his father’s death, he was raised by his mother and an aunt, Mary Moody Emerson, a zealously pious woman who expressed her sardonically critical mind in a style her nephew admired and imitated.
• After graduation in 1821 he took over his brother’s Boston school for young ladies, although with some misgivings
美国文学-惠特曼PPT课件
in American literature
.
4
Whitman • Position
A part of the transition between transcendentalism and realism
He believed the American poets would create both new forms and new subject matter for poetry.
我赞美我自己，歌唱我自己， 我所讲的一切，将对你们也一样适合， 因为属于我的每一个原子，也同样属于你。 我闲游，邀请我的灵魂一起， 我俯首下视，悠闲地观察一片夏天的草叶。
—— Song of myself
.
16
My tongue, every atom of my blood,
Form’d from this soil, this air,
10
03
Major Works
.
11
Whitman • Works
Leaves of Grass《草叶集》
nine editions，from 95 pages,12 poems to 400 pages,401 poems
the first American genuine epic poems
Worked as an office boy, a printer's apprentice, schoolmaster, printer, editor (of eight successive newspapers ), and journalist.
.
7
Whitman • Life Experience
ppt课件1103majorworksppt课件12whitman??works?nineeditionsfrom95pages12poemsto400pages401poems?thefirstamericangenuineepicpoems?acollectionofpoemswrittenmainlyinfreeverse?isnobleforitsfrankdelightinandpraiseofthesenses?mostofthepoemsareaboutmanandnaturepraisethenatureandtheindividaulhumansrolethereinleavesofgrass草叶集ppt课件13whitman??works?grassmeans?theimageofthecommonpeople?asymbolofrisingamerica?anenbodimentofhisidealsaboutdemocracyandfreedomleavesofgrass草叶集ppt课件14whitman??leavesofgrass?1855thefirstedition12poemsdidnotsellwellbutmadeastirontheamericaliteraryscene?1856thesecndedition33poems?1860thethirdedition122poems?1867thefourthedition?1871thefiftheditionbegantoreceiverecognitioninenglandandamerica?1876twovolumesleavesofgrassandtworivulets?1881theseventheditionfirstpublishedbyareputationpublisherbutwasbanned?1889theeighthedition?18911892thedeathbededition400poemshislifetimeendeavorppt课件15whitman??works?songofmyself自我之歌agoodexampleofhisthought?isingthebodyelectric我歌唱带电的肉体?therewasachildwentforth有个小孩走过来?ocaptainmy
.
4
Whitman • Position
A part of the transition between transcendentalism and realism
He believed the American poets would create both new forms and new subject matter for poetry.
我赞美我自己，歌唱我自己， 我所讲的一切，将对你们也一样适合， 因为属于我的每一个原子，也同样属于你。 我闲游，邀请我的灵魂一起， 我俯首下视，悠闲地观察一片夏天的草叶。
—— Song of myself
.
16
My tongue, every atom of my blood,
Form’d from this soil, this air,
10
03
Major Works
.
11
Whitman • Works
Leaves of Grass《草叶集》
nine editions，from 95 pages,12 poems to 400 pages,401 poems
the first American genuine epic poems
Worked as an office boy, a printer's apprentice, schoolmaster, printer, editor (of eight successive newspapers ), and journalist.
.
7
Whitman • Life Experience
ppt课件1103majorworksppt课件12whitman??works?nineeditionsfrom95pages12poemsto400pages401poems?thefirstamericangenuineepicpoems?acollectionofpoemswrittenmainlyinfreeverse?isnobleforitsfrankdelightinandpraiseofthesenses?mostofthepoemsareaboutmanandnaturepraisethenatureandtheindividaulhumansrolethereinleavesofgrass草叶集ppt课件13whitman??works?grassmeans?theimageofthecommonpeople?asymbolofrisingamerica?anenbodimentofhisidealsaboutdemocracyandfreedomleavesofgrass草叶集ppt课件14whitman??leavesofgrass?1855thefirstedition12poemsdidnotsellwellbutmadeastirontheamericaliteraryscene?1856thesecndedition33poems?1860thethirdedition122poems?1867thefourthedition?1871thefiftheditionbegantoreceiverecognitioninenglandandamerica?1876twovolumesleavesofgrassandtworivulets?1881theseventheditionfirstpublishedbyareputationpublisherbutwasbanned?1889theeighthedition?18911892thedeathbededition400poemshislifetimeendeavorppt课件15whitman??works?songofmyself自我之歌agoodexampleofhisthought?isingthebodyelectric我歌唱带电的肉体?therewasachildwentforth有个小孩走过来?ocaptainmy
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Forms (genres) of literature? Poetry, novel (fiction), drama, prose, essay, epic, elegy, short story, journalism, sermon, (auto) biography, travel accounts, novelette, etc.
9.
The Post-war Scene
Saul Bellow Salinger
8.
American Drama
Eugene O’Neill Arthur Miller Tennessee Williams
Poetry: Confessional Poetry Black Mountain Poets San Francisco Renaissance The Beat Generation The New York Poets
1.
Colonial period (1607-1775)
Anne Bradstreet Edward Taylor
5.Biblioteka Realism (1861-1914)
Mark Twain Henry James
2.
Revolutionary period
(1775-1783) Benjamin Franklin Philip Freneau
殖民地时期
独立革命至南北战争时期 南北战争到第一次世界大战 两次世界大战之间 第二次世界大战后
Colonialism
Indian
Culture Pro-immigration culture （Cotton Mather、Jonathan Edwards） Poetry creation （迈克尔· 威格尔斯沃思 、 安妮· 布拉兹特里特 、爱德华· 泰勒 ）
Transcendentalism and Post-Romanticism
爱默生 梭罗 霍桑 梅尔维尔 朗费罗 洛威尔 霍姆斯
The literature of Abolition Movement （斯托夫人 ） Poetry（民主诗人惠特曼）
南北战争到第一次世界大战
按照体裁分类
一、自传 二、诗歌 三、戏剧 四、小说
按流派分类
重农派 （Agrarians)（20年代） 迷惘的一代 (The Lost Generation)(20年代） 黑山派诗歌 (Black Mountain Poems)（50年 代） 垮掉的一代 (The Beat Generation)（50年代） 黑色幽默 (Black Humor) （60年代）
Christopher Columbus discovered the American continent in 1492. Captain John Smith reached Jamestown, Virginia in 1607. Puritans came the New England area, by Mayflower in 1620. The first settlement was established in Plymouth in 1620. Massachusetts Bay Colony was established in 1630.
第二次世界大战后
战争文学 （梅勒 ；詹姆斯· 琼斯 ） “垮掉的一代” “黑色幽默” （海勒 ；冯内古特；阿尔比-荒诞派戏剧） “非虚构小说” （卡波特的《凶杀》(1966)与梅勒的《刽子手之 歌》 ） 犹太人文学 （贝洛 ；辛格 ；马拉默德；罗斯 ） 黑人文学（拉尔夫· 艾列森 ；鲍德温 ；关德琳· 布鲁克斯 ；洛伦· 亨斯 伯利 ；勒鲁伊· 琼斯 ） 南方作家 （福克纳；波特；威尔蒂；斯泰伦；奥康诺；麦柯勒斯； 威廉斯 ） 纽约作家 （利· 特里林；玛· 麦卡锡；约翰· 契弗；厄普代克） 个性化的诗歌 （“垮掉派”、“黑山派”、“纽约派”、“具体 派”、“自白派”和“新超现实主义派”） 理论与批评
Table of Contents
Introduction
Brief Outline of American Literature Chapter I Colonial Period
Chapter II Revolutionary Period
Benjamin Franklin Philip Freneau
Chapter III American Romanticism
Washington Irving James Fenimore Cooper William Cullen Bryant Edgar Allan Poe Nathaniel Hawthorne
Brief Outline of American literature
•
It contains fiction & non-fiction. Fiction: (4 genres) • Poetry • novel • drama • short story
•
• •
Non-fiction : Essay (4 categories) description narration exposition argumentation
American Literature
American Literature
Teaching Materials:
A
Survey of American Literature， 《美国文学简史》（第二版），常耀信， 南开大学出版社。
Further Reading:
李宜燮，常耀信， Selected Readings in American Literature《美国文学选读》（上 册）。 李宜燮，常耀信，
美国文学的历史不长，它几乎是和美国自由资本主义 (non-monopoly capitalism)同时出现，较少受到封建贵族文 化(feudal aristocratic culture)的束缚。美国早期人口稀 少，有大片未开发的土地，为个人理想的实现提供了很大的可 能性。 美国人民富于民主自由精神，个人主义、个性解放的观念 较为强烈，这在文学中有突出的反映。美国又是一个多民族的 国家，移民不断涌入，各自带来了本民族的文化，这决定了美 国文学风格的多样性和庞杂性(multi-cultural)。美国文学发 展的过程就是不断吸取、融化各民族文学特点的过程。许多美 国作家来自社会下层，这使得美国文学生活气息和平民色彩都 比较浓厚，总的特点是开朗、豪放。内容庞杂与色彩鲜明是美 国文学的另一特点。
Periodization
一、Colonialism殖民时期（about1607—1765） 二、Enlightenment and the Revolutionary War启蒙时期和独立 革命（1765—18世纪末） 三、Romanticism浪漫主义时期（1865—1918） 四、Realism现实主义时期（1865—1918） 五、Modernism现代主义时期（1918—1945） 六、Contemporary Literature当代文学（1945— ）
The 1920s
T.S. Eliot William Faulkner Ernest Hemingway (Lost Generation) Imagism: Ezra Pound
Brief Outline of American literature
7.
The 1930s
Steinbeck Harlem Renaissance (Black American literature) Hughes Wright Ellison
Selected Readings in American Literature《美国文学选读》（下册）。
A Guide to a Survey of American Literature,《<美国文学简史>（第 二版）学习指南》，赵红英，中国传媒大学出版社。 《牛津文学术语词典》，上海外语教育出版社。 《漫话英美文学》.常耀信. 天津：南开大学出 版社，2004.
Introduction
1.
2.
What is literature? Writings that are valued as works of art, esp. fiction, drama and poetry. Language artistically used to achieve identifiable literary qualities and to convey meaningful messages. Literature is characterized by beauty of expression and form and by universality of intellectual and emotional appeal.
两次世界大战之间
现实主义文学的发展
小说（德莱塞 ；辛· 刘易斯 ；薇拉· 凯瑟 ） “哈莱姆文艺复兴” （休斯；卡伦；理查德· 赖特 ） 左翼文学与反法西斯文学 （约翰· 里德 ；多斯· 帕索
斯 ；斯坦贝克 ；海明威；海尔曼 ） “南方文艺复兴” （威廉· 福克纳 ） 戏剧的“黄金时代” （奥尼尔 ） “新批评” （注重对文学作品本身进行精密分析， 在现代诗歌的分析上有其独到之处，他们摆脱了过 去仅仅介绍背景知识与发挥个人印象的批评方式。 但这一流派总的倾向是忽视文学作品的社会意义， 割断作品与历史、社会背景的关系）
Chapter One
Colonial Period (1607-1775)
Contents
9.
The Post-war Scene
Saul Bellow Salinger
8.
American Drama
Eugene O’Neill Arthur Miller Tennessee Williams
Poetry: Confessional Poetry Black Mountain Poets San Francisco Renaissance The Beat Generation The New York Poets
1.
Colonial period (1607-1775)
Anne Bradstreet Edward Taylor
5.Biblioteka Realism (1861-1914)
Mark Twain Henry James
2.
Revolutionary period
(1775-1783) Benjamin Franklin Philip Freneau
殖民地时期
独立革命至南北战争时期 南北战争到第一次世界大战 两次世界大战之间 第二次世界大战后
Colonialism
Indian
Culture Pro-immigration culture （Cotton Mather、Jonathan Edwards） Poetry creation （迈克尔· 威格尔斯沃思 、 安妮· 布拉兹特里特 、爱德华· 泰勒 ）
Transcendentalism and Post-Romanticism
爱默生 梭罗 霍桑 梅尔维尔 朗费罗 洛威尔 霍姆斯
The literature of Abolition Movement （斯托夫人 ） Poetry（民主诗人惠特曼）
南北战争到第一次世界大战
按照体裁分类
一、自传 二、诗歌 三、戏剧 四、小说
按流派分类
重农派 （Agrarians)（20年代） 迷惘的一代 (The Lost Generation)(20年代） 黑山派诗歌 (Black Mountain Poems)（50年 代） 垮掉的一代 (The Beat Generation)（50年代） 黑色幽默 (Black Humor) （60年代）
Christopher Columbus discovered the American continent in 1492. Captain John Smith reached Jamestown, Virginia in 1607. Puritans came the New England area, by Mayflower in 1620. The first settlement was established in Plymouth in 1620. Massachusetts Bay Colony was established in 1630.
第二次世界大战后
战争文学 （梅勒 ；詹姆斯· 琼斯 ） “垮掉的一代” “黑色幽默” （海勒 ；冯内古特；阿尔比-荒诞派戏剧） “非虚构小说” （卡波特的《凶杀》(1966)与梅勒的《刽子手之 歌》 ） 犹太人文学 （贝洛 ；辛格 ；马拉默德；罗斯 ） 黑人文学（拉尔夫· 艾列森 ；鲍德温 ；关德琳· 布鲁克斯 ；洛伦· 亨斯 伯利 ；勒鲁伊· 琼斯 ） 南方作家 （福克纳；波特；威尔蒂；斯泰伦；奥康诺；麦柯勒斯； 威廉斯 ） 纽约作家 （利· 特里林；玛· 麦卡锡；约翰· 契弗；厄普代克） 个性化的诗歌 （“垮掉派”、“黑山派”、“纽约派”、“具体 派”、“自白派”和“新超现实主义派”） 理论与批评
Table of Contents
Introduction
Brief Outline of American Literature Chapter I Colonial Period
Chapter II Revolutionary Period
Benjamin Franklin Philip Freneau
Chapter III American Romanticism
Washington Irving James Fenimore Cooper William Cullen Bryant Edgar Allan Poe Nathaniel Hawthorne
Brief Outline of American literature
•
It contains fiction & non-fiction. Fiction: (4 genres) • Poetry • novel • drama • short story
•
• •
Non-fiction : Essay (4 categories) description narration exposition argumentation
American Literature
American Literature
Teaching Materials:
A
Survey of American Literature， 《美国文学简史》（第二版），常耀信， 南开大学出版社。
Further Reading:
李宜燮，常耀信， Selected Readings in American Literature《美国文学选读》（上 册）。 李宜燮，常耀信，
美国文学的历史不长，它几乎是和美国自由资本主义 (non-monopoly capitalism)同时出现，较少受到封建贵族文 化(feudal aristocratic culture)的束缚。美国早期人口稀 少，有大片未开发的土地，为个人理想的实现提供了很大的可 能性。 美国人民富于民主自由精神，个人主义、个性解放的观念 较为强烈，这在文学中有突出的反映。美国又是一个多民族的 国家，移民不断涌入，各自带来了本民族的文化，这决定了美 国文学风格的多样性和庞杂性(multi-cultural)。美国文学发 展的过程就是不断吸取、融化各民族文学特点的过程。许多美 国作家来自社会下层，这使得美国文学生活气息和平民色彩都 比较浓厚，总的特点是开朗、豪放。内容庞杂与色彩鲜明是美 国文学的另一特点。
Periodization
一、Colonialism殖民时期（about1607—1765） 二、Enlightenment and the Revolutionary War启蒙时期和独立 革命（1765—18世纪末） 三、Romanticism浪漫主义时期（1865—1918） 四、Realism现实主义时期（1865—1918） 五、Modernism现代主义时期（1918—1945） 六、Contemporary Literature当代文学（1945— ）
The 1920s
T.S. Eliot William Faulkner Ernest Hemingway (Lost Generation) Imagism: Ezra Pound
Brief Outline of American literature
7.
The 1930s
Steinbeck Harlem Renaissance (Black American literature) Hughes Wright Ellison
Selected Readings in American Literature《美国文学选读》（下册）。
A Guide to a Survey of American Literature,《<美国文学简史>（第 二版）学习指南》，赵红英，中国传媒大学出版社。 《牛津文学术语词典》，上海外语教育出版社。 《漫话英美文学》.常耀信. 天津：南开大学出 版社，2004.
Introduction
1.
2.
What is literature? Writings that are valued as works of art, esp. fiction, drama and poetry. Language artistically used to achieve identifiable literary qualities and to convey meaningful messages. Literature is characterized by beauty of expression and form and by universality of intellectual and emotional appeal.
两次世界大战之间
现实主义文学的发展
小说（德莱塞 ；辛· 刘易斯 ；薇拉· 凯瑟 ） “哈莱姆文艺复兴” （休斯；卡伦；理查德· 赖特 ） 左翼文学与反法西斯文学 （约翰· 里德 ；多斯· 帕索
斯 ；斯坦贝克 ；海明威；海尔曼 ） “南方文艺复兴” （威廉· 福克纳 ） 戏剧的“黄金时代” （奥尼尔 ） “新批评” （注重对文学作品本身进行精密分析， 在现代诗歌的分析上有其独到之处，他们摆脱了过 去仅仅介绍背景知识与发挥个人印象的批评方式。 但这一流派总的倾向是忽视文学作品的社会意义， 割断作品与历史、社会背景的关系）
Chapter One
Colonial Period (1607-1775)
Contents