如何判断定语从句关系词
定语从句关系词的选择
做表语
1You are not a girl (who/ that/不填)was two years ago.
做状语
①I shall never forget the days( which ) Ispentin that factory.
查看句子分类
1、定义
在句子中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句。这种从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，并作句子成分因形容词定语，所以又称之为形容词性从句。
例句：
二、定语从句关系词的确定
Step 1：明确关系词有哪些？
做主语：who、that
指人：做宾语：who、whom、that
关系代词
做定语：whose
指物：做主语和宾语：which、that
(2)we will never forget the days _________ we worked in the factory.
下次可千万别一看到地点名词就填where;时间名词就填when哦!
技巧是:看从句缺什么成分.(缺主语或宾语填关系代词,缺状语则填关系副词)
总结：
：
除以上常规操作之外，还有：
2She is the girl (who /that /不填) I met yesterday.
3I have many friendsto(whom) I am going to sendpostcard.
做定语
1I like the sea (whose) window looks out over the sea.
4This is the reason (that ) Imistakethis morning.
如何正确选用定语从句关系词
如何正确选用定语从句关系词关系词的选用让许多学生摸不找头脑，下面我将介绍我的经验。
我把关系词的选用分为两个步骤：第一步、看定语从句中缺少什么成分以确定是选用关系代词还是关系副词。
如果定语从句中缺少主语、宾语、定语或表语时，则这个关系词应是关系代词；如果定语从句中缺少时间状语、地点状语或原因状语，那么我们应该选用关系副词。
如：This is the book ____ I want.此句定语从句是I want，经分析，want 是个及物动词，须带宾语，也就是说，定语从句中缺少宾语，由此我们可知空上所填应是关系代词。
这就是第一步，确定关系代词还是关系副词。
第二步、看先行词。
要弄明白先行词是指人还是指物以及是否受到序数词、最高级等词的修饰以进一步圈定先行词。
如在上面例句中，先行词是the book, 是指物且无其他的修饰词，由此我们可以判断关系代词可用which 或that。
通过以上这两个步骤我们就可以确定关系词，但有一点要注意，这两个步骤的顺序不可以弄错，一旦弄错很容易陷入误区。
如：This is the reason ____he explained to us.如果学生先看先行词很容易选用why,而实际上从句中缺少宾语应选用关系代词，这一点就可以排除关系副词why。
比较下面两个句子：○1. Do you still remember the chicken farm ____ we visited three months ago?○2. Do you still remember the chicken farm ____ we stayed three months ago?这两个句子看似无差异，但答案不一样。
我们按照以上所说步骤顺序来进行分析：在例1 中，定语从句的谓语visited, 是及物动词，其后应接宾语，换句话说，定语从句中缺少宾语应选用关系代词，然后看先行词，the chicken farm 指物且无序数词、最高级等特殊修饰词修饰，所以关系代词应是that 或which；而例2 中，定语从句的谓语是不及物动词stayed，不能接宾语，也就是从句中缺少状语，且先行词是表示地点的名词，所以它的答案是关系副词where。
怎样判断是定语从句
怎样判断是定语从句关于单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。
短语、从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。
下面店铺为大家分享判断是定语从句方法，欢迎大家参考借鉴。
一、定语从句的识别名词(句子)+连接词+句子其中识别度最高的关键之处，就是连接词，它有三种：① 关系代词：who, whom, that, which, as, whose② 关系副词：when, where, why, how③ 介词+关系代词：介词+whom, 介词+which, 介词+whose但注意，有时你会看到 in that，但in that=because，算是一种固定搭配，这和定语从句没关系。
这里单独说一下as引导的定语从句吧，因为其它都还比较常见，as相对来说比较生疏。
主要是在same和such之后，定语从句用as引导，但偶尔the same后面也用that.如：I've never heard such stories as he tells.我从来没听到过他讲的这种故事。
He is wearing the same suit as(或that) he wore at Mary's wedding.他穿着与他在玛丽的婚礼上穿的一样的衣服。
二、定语从句的处理原则：将定语从句完整地切分出来，独立成句。
两个关键点：① 完整地切分;② 独立成句第一步，切分：切分点在连接词前，如果连接词前有介词那就在介词前。
如：I love this girl / who is beautiful.I went to Changchun / where I met my wife for the first time.I have three books / of which the red is my favorite.第二步，找指代(也就是关系代词的指代对象)：如：This is the expert / to whom we are turning.注：turn to = resort to = 求助于……这句话里的关系代词是 whom , 它的指代对象是the expert.所以这句话翻译过来是：这就是我们正在求助的.那个专家。
定语从句中关系代词确定方法
定语从句中关系代词确定方法一、关系代词选定要诀定从要学好，删繁就简系首要，明确先行词，然后定关系词调；指人主格用who，宾格whom好，事物用which，主/宾都可靠；用that引定从，人/物均需要，非限制性定从句，切勿用that导；关系词作宾语，常将其省略掉，若介词关系词，关系词切勿抛，无论人/事物，who/that均不导，指人必whom，事物which邀；as引定从，主句内容包，常含“正如”意，位置任意挑；which如此用，用时思量好，有时含“消极”味，主句之后到；such/ the same as，固定搭配好，特殊用法务牢记，勿用乱了套；whose作定语，人/物它全包，n. of whom/which，可与其对调。
先行本身系数词，不定代词指事物，人与事物共先行，There be中指物词作主语，关系词定从中作表语，问句避免疑问词重复，另有序数词/最高级，every/ the very/ the only，以及不定代词若干个，名词前把事物来修饰，以上情况请记清，只能使用that引导定从句。
请在横线上添上恰当的关系词。
1. We need comrades _____________ can help us.2. The man _____________ you saw yesterday was a doctor from Beijing.3. This is a story about a communist fighter _____________ name或the name of _____________ is Liu Hu-lan.4. This is our classroom，_____________ windows或the windows of _____________ face the south.5. Here is a book _____________ will give a lot of useful knowledge.6. This is the song _____________ we like best.7. I will never forget the day，on _____________ I first saw him.8. This is the room _____________ Lao Liu once lived in.9. Do you still remember the day on _____________ he joined the army？10. The earth，_____________ we all know，moves around the sun.11. _____________ is known to all，the earth is round.12. The sun is bigger than the earth，_____________ is known to us all.13. He did not study hard，_____________ led to his failure.14. We used the same type of machine _____________ they did.15. We have found such materials _____________ are used in their factory.16. Here are five fish. The two _____________were caught yesterday are gold fish.17. Everything _____________ I told you just now is true.18. They talked of the things and persons _____________ they remembered in the school.19. There are stars _____________ we still don‘t know in space.20. Li Ying is not the girl _____________ she used to be ten years ago.1. who/that2. who/whom/that/×3. whose；whom4. whose；which5. which/ that6. which/ ×7. which8. that/which/ ×9. which10. as11. As12. as/ which 13. which14. as 15. as16. that17. that/ ×18. that/×19. that/×20. that。
定语从句中关系词的用法
定语从句中关系词的用法定语从句中关系词的用法关系词既连接、标志定语从句，又等同于先行词的内容，还在定语从句中作一个成分。
关系词的含义、指代和用法有一些差别，必须熟记、理解。
下面是店铺收集整理的定语从句中关系词的用法，希望对您有所帮助!定语从句中关系词的用法：who 只指“人”(不能指事物)，可作主语、表语、宾语等whom 只指“人”(宾格)，作动词或者介词的宾语whose 指“人的.、物的”，作定语which只指“事物”，作主语、定语、宾语that指“人、事物”，作主语、宾语when指“时间”，作状语where指“地点”，作状语、表语how指“方式”，作状语why指“原因”，作状语She is the women who give me a red packet.她就是帮我红包的人。
The boy (whom) you look after is very intelligent.你照顾的孩子非常聪明。
You may ride the bike (which) I brought here yesterday.你可以骑我昨天带来的自行车。
Show me the book (that) Professor Smith recommended.拿史密斯教授推荐的书给我看看。
说明：当关系代词whom,which, that, who在定语从句中作宾语时可以省去，所以上面几个词用括号括起来了。
I love the dog whose hair is very yellow.我喜欢毛很黄的那条狗。
Do you see the building whose top is a clock tower?你看见顶部是一个钟楼的建筑了吗?She will tell youthe place where you live.她会告诉你住的地方。
The secretary will tell us the time when the meeting is held.秘书会告诉我们会议举办的时间。
如何区分定语从句中关系词where、why、when与which 的用法
课程篇定语从句在复合句中起定语作用，修饰一个名词或代词，有时也修饰一个句子，定语从句是英语中重要的语言现象，在阅读理解中起着极其重要的作用。
被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句，并在句中充当某一成分的词叫做关系代词或关系副词。
正确选用先行词是学习定语从句的关键。
如：This is the place where（in which）he was born.这句话中，where he was born是从句，the place是先行词，定语从句修饰先行词the place，“这是他出生的地方”。
where是关系副词，在定语从句中做地点状语。
因为从句缺少状语，所以由where充当，相当于he was born in the place.定语从句的关系词when，where，why在从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语、原因状语。
Which在从句中作主语或宾语，指物，常可与that替换使用，作宾语时也可以省略。
which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，选择先行词与which之间的适当介词，如:A prosperity which/that has been appeared in the town.那个镇已呈现繁荣景象。
（which/that在句中作宾语）The package（which/that）you had sent is about to be unwrapped.你寄出的包快散了。
（which/that在句中作宾语）when：in/at/on+whichwhere：at/in/on/by/near/beside/next to/to/from...等介词+which why：for+which关系副词where，why前不能再加介词。
1.先行词表示地点时，如果定语从句中谓语动词是不及物动词，用关系副词where或介词+which；where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语。
如果是及物动词，用which或that都可以。
语法要点解析定语从句的关系代词
语法要点解析定语从句的关系代词定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要部分，常用来修饰名词或代词。
在定语从句中，关系代词起到了连接作用，同时代替了先行词在从句中的作用。
本文将解析定语从句中的关系代词，并重点讨论其用法和注意事项。
一、关系代词的种类英语中常用的关系代词有：which, that, who, whom, whose和as。
1. which和that：用于修饰事物，可以指代整个主句中的名词或代词，用来区分或限定先行词。
例句：- The book which/that I bought yesterday is very interesting.- This is the car which/that I want to buy.2. who和that：用于修饰人，可以指代整个主句中的名词或代词，用来区分或限定先行词。
例句：- The girl who/that is standing over there is my sister.- This is the man who/that I met yesterday.3. whom和that：同样用于修饰人，但多用于定语从句中作宾语，也可以指代整个主句中的名词或代词。
例句：- The woman whom/that I saw in the park is a famous actress.- This is the teacher whom/that I respect a lot.4. whose：用于修饰人或事物，用来表示所属关系。
例句：- The boy whose dog is lost is very sad.- This is the company whose products are of high quality.5. as：用于修饰前面的整个主句，表示某种身份或特征。
例句：- As a student, it is important to study hard.二、关系代词的用法和注意事项1. 限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句：关系代词在定语从句中的作用分为限定性和非限定性两种。
怎样在定语从句中判断关系代词和关系副词 高中必修英语课件
怎样在定语从句中判断关系代词和关系副词
方法一：根据从句中缺的成份判断
1. 当从句中缺状语，用关系副词when, where, why.
2. 当从句中缺主，定或宾语， 用关系代词that，which，who, whom, whose.
用关系代词和关系副词填空
1.This is the house _w_h_e_r_e_____ he lived last year.
2.This is the house _w_h_i_c_h_/t_h_at__ he visited last year.
牛刀小试
判断引导词是否使用正确
1. I still remember the days when were spent in
Britain.
that/which作主语
2. I’m going to work in the hospital where needs me. which/that作主语
不及物动词
2. I went to the place _w__h_i_ch__/t_h_a_t____ I visited ten
years ago.
及物动词
牛刀小试
1.I’ll never forget the day____w_h_e_n______ I met you.
2.I’ll never forget the day__t_h_a_t_/w__h_ic_h___ we sp缺的成份判断 1. 当从句中缺状语，用关系副词when, where, why. 2. 当从句中缺主，定或宾语，用关系代词that， which，who, whom, whose.
方法二：根据从句谓语动词进行判断。 1.当从句中谓语动词为及物动词且后无宾语，用关系 代词； 2.当从句中谓语动词为不及物动词且后无介词，则用 关系副词。
高中定语从句知识点汇总
定语从句知识点汇总一、先行词二、关系词1.关系代词：2.关系副词：三、分类1.限制性定语从句：对先行词有限制,区分的作用,并与先行词有着不可分割的关系,不能省略2.非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明的作用,可省略不会影响主句的意思,与主句用逗号隔开3.区别：4.非限制性定语从句的特殊情况有些既可以做限制性,又可以做非限制性的定语从句,其含义不同There are 20 students in this class who are from the north of China. There are 20 students in this class,who are from the north of China.5.关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句四、关系词的用法,thatwhich指物,在从句中作主语,宾语that指人或物,指人可与who,whom互换；指物可与which互换,whom从句中的介词提到关系代词词前,whom作宾语,不能用who代替In our class there are 46 students, of whom half wear glasses.先行词为指人的one,ones,anyone或those时,关系代词用who；双重定语从句中一个定语从句的关系代词是that,另一个指人的关系代词用who;3.whose表示“……的”;可指人或物;用来指物时,whose+名词=限定词+名词+of which=of which+限定词+名词The house whose windows face south is ours.The house the window of which face south is ours.=The house of which the window face south is ours.4. as作为关系代词可指人或物,在从句中作主语,宾语或表语;一般用于such...as 、the same...as 、as...as结构中,表示“像”的意思We have found such materials as are used in their factory.They felt such heat in the jungle as they had never felt before.He is not the same man as he was.same...as/that...和such...as/that①the same...as/that...as引导的定语从句往往侧重方式：I bought the same phone as you bought. that引导的定语从句侧重指同一个对象：I met the same person that I saw that day.②such...as/thatas引导定语从句,在从句中作主语,宾语等：Peter is not such an intelligent person as you think.that引导结果状语从句,在句子中不作成分：He came to such a sudden stop that we almost hit him.as和which的区别①④⑤⑥⑦⑧都可以用来引导非限制性定语从句,有时可以互换②as引导的从句可以位于主句之前,之中和之后；而which只能位于主句之后③当非限制性定语从句为否定句或谓语带的是复合宾语结构时,用which来引导He criticized Mary in public,which she doesn’t like at all.He was always late for school,which made his teacher unhappy.④先行词作主语且定语从句为被动语态时,通常用as不用which；如果从句中行为动词是主动语态,一般用which作主语She passed the exam, as was expected.Tom has made rapid progress,which makes me happy.⑤当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时,通常用which不用asTom was late for work again and again,which made his boss very angry.⑥固定搭配：as we know/as is known to allas we all can seeas has been said before/aboveas might be expectedas is often the case⑦在从句中作介词宾语时,只能用whichShe might possibly come,in which case I’ll tell you.5.只用that不用which当先行词是all,much,little,few,everything等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时;当先行词被the only,the last,the very等修饰时;当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时;当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时;当先行词既有表示人又有表示物的名词时;当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时;当先行词是主句的表语,或关系代词在从句中作表语时：Jack is not the man that he was.当主句以here,there开头且先行词是指物的名词时;6.只用which不用that关系代词前有介词;在非限制性定语从句中;先行词本身是that,those指物或双重定语从句中其中一个已用关系代词that时;先行词后有插入语时;Here is the CD which,as I have told you, is a great help to you.7.只用who不用that先行词为表示人的不定代词anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,one,no one时;先行词为those且指人时;在指人的非限制性定语从句中;that/what连接词what可以看作关系代词和先行词的结合,即what=the person/place/thing which/that;表示“所....的;”what 不引导定语从句,而是引导名词性从句;what引导句子,没有先行词,起名词作用;What引导宾语从句可以和that引导的定语从句互换;Tell me anything that you know.=Tell me what you know.9.介词+关系代词既能够引导限制性,也可以引导非限制性定语从句;指物用which,指人用whom;介词不可省略,如果要省略,必须将介词放在从句句末;介词的确定①根据定语从句中动词,形容词所需要的习惯搭配来确定;②根据先行词搭配的具体含义来确定;③根据所表达的意思来确定;介词+关系代词结构的变式①介词+关系代词+不定式She must have time in which she could grow calm.=in which to grow calm Frank’s dream is to have his own garden in which he can produce many beautiful flowers.=in which to produce many beautiful flowers②名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词He told us a story in English, the meaning of which I couldn’t understand completely.There are about 400 students in our grade,most of whom are from Haidian District.10.关系副词：作时间状语：when=at/in/on/during which作地点状语：where=in/at/to/on which作原因状语：why=for which辨析The reason why.../The reason that.../The reason is that...The reason why...中why引导的是定语从句,why在句子中作原因状语,可以替换成for which;The reason that...中that引导的是同位语从句,that不作成分,that后面的内容说明reason的内容;The reason is that...是that引导的表语从句,不能用because,以免重复;五、其他1.主谓一致：从句中的谓语动词要和先行词的单复数保持一致;在“the one of + 复数名词”结构中,定语从句中的谓语动词常用复数形式;但是在the one of +复数形式或the only one of +复数名词结构中,定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式;2.关系词的省略与不可省略：关系代词在定语从句中作动词的宾语,表语时可以省略关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语,且介词在从句句尾时非限制性定从中的关系代词不可省略介词+关系代词中的关系代词不可省略表示时间的名词后关系副词可以省略,如the time,the moment表示地点名词后关系副词可以省略,如the place先行词the reason后面的关系副词可以省略先行词为way方法,手段时,关系副词可以省略3.如何判断定语从句和同位语从句根据that在从句中是否作成分来判断：that在定语从句中担任成分,在同位语从句中不做成分;The newsthathe told me yesterday is not true.The news that he singer will come here is not true.根据意思来判断：在引导词前加is后,如果句子成立就是同位语从句,否则是定语从句;The news is that he told me yesterday.句子不成立The news is that the singer will come here.句子成立4.定语从句转变为ing和ed形式直接转化为ing或ed形式,,去掉定语从句中who/which is/was/are/were.The boy who is playing the piano is from London.I like this film,which was directed by Zhang Yimou.将句子中的动词进行ing形式转化①The number of people who learn Chinese rises each year.=The number of people learning Chinese rises each year.②My grandfather,who hasn’t been used to living in the city,has decided to settle in the country.=My grandfather,not having been used to living in the city,has decided to settle in the country.=Not having been used to living in the city, my grandfather has decided to settle in the country.。
定语从句中关系代词如何选择
定语从句中关系代词如何选择初中的一个难点就是怎么选择定语从句中的关系词，也对于同学们理解文章和句子的意思有很大的帮助，那么下面小编就来总结一下。
1.定语从句：定语从句就是在句中作定语，修饰和限定名词或者代词。
被修饰的这个词叫做先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫做关系词。
eg：The girl that i spoke to is my cousion.(和我说话的那个女孩是我的表妹。
)这个句子中的先行词是The girl,关系代词是that,定语从句中的主语是i,谓语动词是spoke.2.关系代词关系词就是连接先行词和定语从句的词，代替从句中缺少的主语或者宾语。
分为关系代词和关系副词。
常见的关系代词有：that, which,whom, who, whos。
充当宾语的有：that, which,whom。
充当主语的有：that，which,who。
充当定语的有：whose。
3.那么我们如何选择关系代词呢？首先，确定先行词是人还是物，其次，确定定语从句中缺少的成分。
如果先行词是人，可选择who, whom, whose 或that。
先行词是人,定语从句中缺少主语时用：that,who；先行词是人，定语从句中缺少宾语时用：that,who，whom（可以省略）；先行词是人,定语从句中缺少定语时用：whose(.....的)。
4.如果先行词是物，可选择which，that，whose 。
先行词是物,定语从句中缺少主语时用：which，tha；先行词是物,定语从句中缺少宾语时用：which，that（可以省略）；先行词是物,定语从句中缺少定语时用：whose（=of which）。
但，当关系代词前有介词时，只用which,而且不能省略。
总结：选择定语从句中关系代词时，首先，确定先行词是人还是物，其次，确定定语从句中缺少的成分。
定语从句的判断方法
定语从句的判断方法定语从句的判断方法在学习和生活中，大家一定接触到不少句子。
定语从句的判断方法有哪些？下面由店铺告诉你们吧，欢迎阅读！定语从句的判断方法1关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom,that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是想见你的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。
（whom/that在从句中作宾语）2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3）which, that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：A prosperitywhich / thathad never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。
（which / that在句中作主语）The packagewhich / thatyou are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。
(which / that 在句中作宾语）关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的.先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
定语从句关系代词讲解
The Attributive Clause-定语从句一、概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子. Mary is a beautiful girl.形容词作定语Mary is a girl who is beautiful.句子作定语,修饰girl, 叫做定语从句 Mary is a girl._______________________________Mary is二、关系词判断步骤(1)首先，要看先行词。
如果先行词是指人,关系代词可用 who,that,whom,whose ，如果先行词指物,关系代词可用which 或that ；(3)最后，定语从句谓语动词和先行词一致.注:定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。
The woman who/that spoke at the meeting yesterday is my mother.（定语从句） (先行词)（关系代词）(主句)The woman is my mother. (叙述客观事实 用一般现在时)(从句)The woman (who/that) spoke at the meeting yesterday.(句中yesterday表示过去时间)三、定语从句的用法:(1)当先行词是物时, 用which 或that引导.Eg:These are the trees which/that were planted last year.(2)当先行词是人时, 用who, whom,whose, that引导.Eg:The girl who/that has blue eyes is my sister.四、who, whom, whose, that用法区别.先行词为“人”，且在定语从句中作主语或宾语.做宾语时可省略is a worker.(分解is speaking at the meeting.(做主语)The boy who is tall is Tom.Eg:The boy is Tom.（tall、strong、clever）The boy who is strong is TomThe boy who is clever is Tom（指出先行词做什么成分）(1)The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling._____________________________(2)The boy is Tom. The boy has a round face._____________________________(3)The boy is Tom. He sits in front of me.__________________________作定语从句的宾语,在口语和非正式文体中常用who代替，可以省略.The woman whom/who they wanted to visit is a teacher.The woman is a teacher.分解They wanted to visit the woman.（who做visit的宾语）Eg: The man is kind. Everyone likes him.The man (whom) everyone likes is kind.(宾语)(1)The woman got the job. We saw her on the street._______________________________________(2)The teacher will give us a talk. We met the teacher yesterday.________________________________________whose作定语从句的定语.whose 是代词的所有格形式, 它既可以代人也可以代物。
定语从句和名词性从句中关系词的用法
定语从句和名词性从句中关系词的用法?定语从句,主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,同位语从句分别用哪些关系词?如何用?特别是that和what的区别在英语教学中，关系词常常是学生容易混淆的问题。
在某些情况下，学生常常不知道该使用那一个关系词,这个问题常是教学中的重点或难点。
因此，本文就学生在学习关系词“that”、“which”、“whose”、“what” 时经常容易出现问题的几个难点部分进行分析，以便于教学中让学生注意区别它们的用法。
一．在定语从句中关系词用法的差异1．关系代词“that” 与“which” 的区别在限定性定语从句中，我们知道关系词指代人时，常用who、whom 、whose (或that)，指代物时常用whi ch 或that 。
例如：例1．Where is the girl who / that sells the tickets? （卖票的女孩子在哪？）例2．I’ve lost bananas which / that I bought this morning. (我把今天早上买的香蕉丢了。
）在上述两个例子中who 和which都可以由that 替代。
但是当先行词是all、little、few 或是由every(thin g)、any(thing)、no(thing)、none、much、only 修饰时，关系词要用that不能用which 。
例如：例3．Is this all that is left? （是不是就剩下这一个了？）例4．Have you got anything that belongs to me? （你那有我什么东西吗？）例5．The only thing that matters is to find our way home .（只有一件事最重要，那就是找到回家的路。
）除上述情况外，当先行词由序数词或最高级修饰时，关系词必须用that（见例6和例7）。
如何确定定语从句的关系代词和关系副词
基本方法如下：先把主句和定语从句分开，再找出定语从句所修饰的名词/代词（即先行词），然后放入定语从句中，看看这两者的搭配情况。
1）如果定语从句和该先行词可以直接相连，且在从句中充当主语/宾语/表语的话，则用关系代词。
因为关系代词也属于代词，而代词功能同名词，在句子中一般充当语/宾语/表语。
如：This is the city (which/that) you visited last year. 定语从句所修饰的先行词是the city，放入定语从句you visited last year中，则它直接充当visited的宾语，变成：you visited the city last year. 2）如果定语从句和该先行词无法直接相连，必须另外多加上介词，并在定语从句中充当状语时，则使用关系副词。
如：This is the city where you stayed last year. 定语从句所修饰的先行词也是the city，将其放入定语从句中不能直接作成分，必须加上介词in，一起做从句的地点状语，即定语从句变为：you stayed in the city last year.如何确定定语从句的关系代词和关系副词定语从句是语法学习中的重点和难点，如何正确的选择关系代词和关系副词又是重中之重。
定语从句中的关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose等；关系副词有where, when, why等。
下面通过练习介绍一下确定关系代词和关系副词的一些方法。
1)This is the factory __ I visited last year.2)This is the factory __ I worked last year.A. whereB. whichC. asD. what【分析】以上两句只有细微的差别，但答案却不同。
1）选B；1）是动宾关系，即I visited the factory，因此选which。
从句连接词判断方法
从句就相当于一个形容词，而且从句前面一定有一个先行词，从句必有缺少的成分（主语，宾语，状语）。
如果先行词在从句做主语，则用which / that / who(人)如果先行词在从句做宾语，则用which/ that/ who(人) /whom(人)或者不填引导词如果先行词在从句做状语，时间用when，地点用where。
定语从句及相关术语：1.定语从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。
关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。
2，代替先行词。
3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。
注：关系代词有主语.宾语之分。
一般whom作为宾语。
4.定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。
主要由形容词担任。
此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任．单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。
短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。
先行词：被限制或修饰的主句的主语。
（一）限定性定语从句一、关系代词（在句中作主语、宾语或定语）1. that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语也可以省略。
[eg：this is the book （which）you want。
]而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括当先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时等，这时的that常被省略还有先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,或先行词就是序数词或最高级时.以及先行词中既有人又有物时.还有句中前面有which时,都只能用that4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语5. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它引导的从句修饰物体时, 可以与of which 调换,表达的意思一样。
定语从句的判断方法
定语从句的判断方法
1. 定语从句一般紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词后面，而有时也可以放在名词的前面，这种情况下通常使用逗号隔开。
2. 定语从句一般由关系词引导，例如who，whom，whose，which，that等。
3. 定语从句通常起修饰作用，用来限定或说明名词的特定情况，也可以在句子中充当主语、宾语或状语。
4. 判断定语从句时需要注意意义的连贯性和句法的合理性。
可以通过找出与被修饰的名词或代词具有相同主语或宾语的句子来判断是否存在定语从句。
5. 在判断定语从句时要根据上下文的语境、逻辑关系和句子结构等来确定定语从句的类型，包括限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句等。
crowd定语从句引导词
crowd定语从句引导词一、判断定语从句引导词的一般规律：（一）关系代词1. that既可用来指代人也可用来指代事物，在从句中充当主语或宾语。
Who’s the boy that is reading a book?正在看书的这个男孩是谁？(指人，作主语)The man that you talked to is my uncle.和你说话的那个人是我叔叔。
(指人，作宾语)The train that has just left is for Shanghai.刚发车的这趟列车是去上海的。
(指物，作主语)Show me the photo (that) you like best.把你最喜欢的照片给我看看吗。
(指物，作宾语)2. whose既可用来指代人也可用来指代事物，在从句中充当定语。
This is the girl whose math book is lost.这就是丢了数学书的女孩。
（指人，作定语）The house whose windows are closed is mine.窗户都关着的这栋房子就是我家。
(指物,作定语)3. which用来指代事物，在从句中作主语或宾语。
Look at the kites which are flying in the sky.瞧瞧那些在空中飞舞的风筝。
（指物，作主语）The pen (which) I’m using is pretty good.我正在用的这支笔相当好。
（指物，作宾语）4. who用来指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。
Could you recognize the thief who stole your things?你能认出偷了你的东西的那个小偷吗？(作主语)The man (who) you want to meet has come.你要见的人来了。
（作宾语）5. whom用来指人，在从句中作宾语。
I’d like to make friends with the girl whom you are talking to.我想和与你说话的女孩交朋友。
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如何辨别定语从句的关系词塘桥中学包小波同学们，你们知道以下这些谚语吗？It’s the first step that costs.万事开头难。
Not all that glitters is gold.闪光的未必都是金子。
He who would climb that ladder must begin at the bottom.千里之行，始于足下。
A good book is a best friend who never turns back upon us.好书如挚友，情谊永不变。
在这些句子中，你发现什么共同点了吗？对了，这些句子都运用了定语从句。
定语从句在复合句中的作用相当于形容词，在句中作定语，修饰前面的名词或代词。
斜体加粗的单词都被称为关系词，也叫引导词。
被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词，就是上述谚语中有下划线的单词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
要想掌握定语从句，就必须了解引导定语从句的关系词。
关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有who，whom，whose，that，which和as，关系副词有when，where和why，他们在先行词和定语从句之间起联系作用，同时在意义上代表先行词，并在定语从句中担任某个成分。
我们要辨别定语从句中不同的关系词，必须掌握以下的方法。
一、关系代词的用法1．普通代词与关系代词的区别例如：I have a brother. He likes playing the piano.（合并为一句）I have a brother who/that likes playing the piano.简单句中的普通代词he起了指代前一句中brother的作用，并且是本句的主语，两个句子都是独立的。
而两句合并后，句中的关系代词who/that除了代替先行词brother之外，它还在定语从句中担任了一定的成分，同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。
2．who指人,做主语。
例如：The person who is in blue will go to the concert with me tomorrow.本句中的who充当从句中的主语, 划线部分是从句。
当who作为定语从句的关系代词在句中充当主语或宾语时，都可以用that来替代。
3．who/whom指人,做宾语。
例如：The man who/whom I look after is my father.在例句中，who/whom做从句中介词with的宾语，这个句子也可以写成The man with whom I talked is our teacher.如果从句中介词提前，那么就不能用who或that，只能用whom引导从句了。
这个句子还可以写成：The man I talked with is our teacher.在口语及非正式文体中常省略中间的关系代词who。
4．whose多指人，也可指物。
例如：The room whose door is open is mine.This is the boy whose mother is an engineer.第一句中的whose指代的是主句中的room, 第二句中的whose指代的是主句中的boy。
在定语从句中运用whose时，要注意它的后面肯定有名词，因为它本身也是这个名词前的定语，然后跟着的是从句中的谓语和其它成分。
5．which 指物，做主语或宾语。
例如：Two days later Jenny received the present which her friend bought her.I want to buy a book which was written by Mark Twain.which在第一句中充当从句中的宾语，而在第二句中充当从句的主语。
which在句中作宾语时可省略, 如介词提前则不能省。
例如：I went to the library which you borrow books from.= I went to the library you borrow books from.=I went to the library from which you borrow books.6．that 指人/物，做主语或宾语。
例如：Who is the woman that you are waiting for？The train that left just now will go to Paris.★需要注意的是：（1）that作宾语时可以省略，如，The news that John told me is true.=The news John told me is true.（2）介词提前时，不能用that, 指人只能用whom，指物用which。
如，The little girl that I spoke to just now is Henry's sister.= The little girl to whom I spoke just now is Henry's sister.The library that we often borrow books from is on the second floor.= The library from which we often borrow books is on the second floor.（3）有些情况下只用关系词that或省略，而不宜用which。
a).先行词被形容词最高级，序数词或the only, the very, no, the last等修饰时,如，This is the most interesting novel that I have ever read.The first lecture that I will give will be held in the afternoon.b).先行词all, something, nothing, anything，everything, much, little, few, none, the one等时, 如，Here is something that I will tell you.c).先行词既有人也有物时, 如，I can remember the persons and some pictures that I’ve seen.7．as指人或物，在从句中作宾语，有时做主语或表语，常用于“the same＋名词＋as或such＋名词＋as”等结构中及先行词是代词such或same的情况下。
例如：I lived in the same neighbourhood as Mr. Wang lived three years ago.T he King’s Speech is such an interesting film as I thought.二、关系副词的用法关系副词在从句中作状语，其作用相当于介词短语。
1．when表示时间，在从句中通常做时间状语，也可用介词+ which来替换。
例如：Do you remember the time when we first went to Beijing several years ago?That was the very day when I first saw my general manager.= That was the very day on which I first saw my general manager.2．where表示地点，在从句中通常做地点状语，也可用介词+ which来替换。
例如：This is the hotel where they stayed last month.=This is the hotel in which they stayed last month.3．why表示原因，在从句中通常做原因状语，也可用for which来替换。
例如：I don’t know the reason why Mingming is often late for school.=I don’t know the reason for which Mingming is often late for school.★需要同学们注意的是：如果关系词后面是完整的句子，句中已有主语、谓语、宾语三个成分，就不能用that, which, who, 因为他们在定语从句中做主语或宾语，那么就要考虑是不是用when, where 或why来解题。
例如：I shall never forget those years _______ I planted the trees on the farm.A. whereB. thatC. whichD. when本题的从句中主语是I，谓语是planted, 宾语是the trees，地点状语也有了，是on the farm，而且先行词是those years，因此根据从句的句子成分来分析出答案不可能是宾语或是主语，应该是时间状语，选择D。
例如：This is the place _______ the accident happened last night.A. whereB. thatC. whichD. why本题的从句中主语是the accident，谓语是happened, 而且是不及物动词，后面不能跟宾语，而last night是时间状语，而且先行词是the place，所以分析下来是缺少地点状语，因此答案是A。