(完整word版)四级模拟I._(1)_2[1]

Model Test One
Part I Writing
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then comment on the purpose of study. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Part II Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item.
1. A. In the market. B. In religious procession. C. On a bus. D. In a hospital.
2. A. Shia pilgrims. B. Pakistan’s Prime Minister.
C. The victims in hospital.
D. The first attack victims receiving treatment in hospital. Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item.
3. A. The duty of the plane. B. The number of passengers.
C. The death toll.
D. When and where the plane took off.
4. A. The military plane crashed in the hometown of Nelson Mandela.
B. All the survivors had already been found.
C. The passengers aboard were doctors for Mandela.
D. The identity of the passengers was not sure so far.
Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item.
5. A. The Civil War. B. Two Tamil Tiger rebels.
C. The defeat of the Tamil Tiger.
D. The anti-corruption campaign.
6. A. Weak suppression of the Tamil Tigers and the urgency to fight corruption.
B. Successful suppression of the Tamil Tigers and the urgency to fight corruption.
C. Successful suppression of the Tamil Tigers and the victory against corruption.
D. Weak suppression of the Tamil Tigers and the victory against corruption.
7. A. The presidential campaign was not personalized.
B. The president’s team did control vote on election day.
C. The president’s team was accused of planning violence on election day.
D. Sarath’s team made violence on purpose on election day.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Conversation One
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
8. A. He will return to his hometown. B. He will play tennis.
C. He will join the woman for dinner.
D. He will go to a coffee shop with woman.
9. A. Because she doesn’t drink coffee. B. Because she has a plane to catch.
C. Because she has to go to a lesson.
D. Because she doesn’t like the man.
10. A. She has been interested in tennis. B. She is under the influence of her roommate.
C. She is under the influence of the man.
D. She is under the influence of her brother.
11. A. He will postpone the trip. B. He will marry the woman.
C. He will cook dinner for the woman.
D. He will take tennis lessons.
Conversation Two
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. A. He wants the woman to pay for the insurance.
B. He wants to get some insurance for the content of his home.
C. He wants to pay for the insurance.
D. He wants to ask for his own insurance.
13. A. His apartment. B. A fridge and a stereo system.
C. His friend’s fridge.
D. His friend’s stereo system.
14. A. Fridge and stereo system. B. Watches. C. CD and books. D. Television.
15. A. $184.00 for a twelve-month period. B. $184.00 for a twenty-month period.
C. $814.00 for a six-month period.
D. $814.00 for a twelve-month period.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. A. The threat of poisonous desert animals and plants. B. The exhaustion of energy resources.
C. The destruction of energy resources.
D. The spread of the blank powder from the fires.
17. A. The underground oil resources have not been affected.
B. Most of the desert animals and plants have managed to survive.
C. The oil lakes soon dried up and stooped evaporating.
D. The underground water resources have not been affected by the oil wells.
18. A. To restore the normal production of the oil wells.
B. To estimate the losses caused by the fire.
C. To remove the oil left in the desert.
D. To use the oil left in the oil lakes.
Passage Two
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19. A. In New York. B. In a bank. C. Near a prison. D. In the country-side.
20. A. A policeman. B. Mr. Blake’s old friend. C. A prison official. D. A runaway criminal.
21. A. At least 14 miles an hour. B. At least 40 miles an hour.
C. At most 40 miles an hour.
D. At most 14 miles an hour.
22. A. Because a police-car followed him. B. Because he wanted the man in his car arrested.
C. Because it grew darker and darker.
D. Because he wanted to return home earlier. Passage Three
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
23. A. A museum exhibition of African baskets.
B. Changes in basket-weaving.
C. Differences between African and American baskets.
D. The development of basket weaving in one town.
24. A. Their mothers taught them. B. They traveled to Africa.
C. They learned in school.
D. They taught themselves.
25. A. They sell them as a hobby. B. They make them as a hobby.
C. They use them on their farms.
D. They make and sell them to make a living.
Part III Reading Comprehension
Section A
Questions 36-45 are based on the following questions
According to new government figures, pollution levels are rising again after several years of gradual decline.
Data 36 Friday by the Energy Department show American factories and power plants putting more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere during the first six months of 2014 compared with the same period in each of the past two years. The figures 37 a reversal first seen in 2013, when the trend of steadily falling emissions 38 halted.
The higher emissions are primarily a reflection of a 39 economy, as American businesses burned more gas and oil to meet higher demand. But the shift also highlights the challenge 40 the Obama administration as it seeks to honor a pledge to sharply cut U.S. emissions of greenhouse gases by the end of the decade.
Administration officials said the 41___was not particularly surprising given the improving economy, and some pointed to one of the report’s bright spots: Even as the economy expanded, carbon 42 ___ from automobiles have remained essentially flat, as more Americans switched to fuel-efficient cars and trucks.
Some also cited another 43___ trend in the report: Big jumps in the use of alternative and renewable 44___. Solar, wind and hydropower were up more than 7 percent compared with two years ago, according to the report, and renewable sources now 45___ for nearly 12 percent of the country’s domestic energy production.
Section B
Directions:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
The End of the Book?
[A] Amazon, by far the largest bookseller in the country, reported on May 19 that it is now selling more books in its electronic Kindle format than in the old paper-and-ink format. That is remarkable, considering that the Kindle has only been around for four years. E-books now account for 14 percent of all book sales in the country and are increasing far faster than overall book sales. E-book
sales are up 146 percent over last year, while hardback sales increased 6 percent and paperbacks decreased 8 percent.
[B] Does this spell the doom of the physical book? Certainly not immediately, and perhaps not at all. What it does mean is that the book business will go through a transformation in the next decade or so more profound than any it has seen since Gutenberg introduced printing from moveable type in the 1450s.
[C] Physical books will surely become much rarer in the marketplace. Mass market paperbacks, which have been declining for years anyway, will probably disappear, as will hardbacks for mysteries, thrillers, “romance fiction,” etc. Such books, which only rarely end up in permanent collections, either private or public, will probably only be available as e-books within a few years. Hardback and trade paperbacks for “serious” nonfiction and fiction will surely last longer. Perhaps it will become the mark of an author to reckon with that he or she is still published in hard copy. [D] As for children’s books, who knows? Children’s books are like dog food in that the purchasers are not the consumers, so the market (and the marketing) is inherently strange.
[E] For clues to the book’s future, let’s look at some examples of technological change and see what happened to the old technology.
[F] One technology replaces another only because the new technology is better, cheaper, or both. The greater the difference, the sooner and more thoroughly the new technology replaces the old. Printing with moveable type on paper dramatically reduced the cost of producing a book compared with the old-fashioned ones handwritten on vellum, which comes from sheepskin. A Bible—to be sure, a long book—required vellum made from 300 sheepskins and countless man-hours of labor. Before printing arrived, a Bible cost more than a middle-class house. There were perhaps 50,000 books in all of Europe in 1450. By 1500 there were 10 million.
[G] But while printing quickly caused the hand written book to die out, handwriting lingered on (继续存在) well into the 16th century. Very special books are still occasionally produced on vellum, but they are one-of-a-kind show pieces.
[H]Sometimes a new technology doesn’t drive the old one out, but only parts of it while forcing the rest to evolve. The movies were widely predicted to drive live theater out of the marketplace, but they didn’t, because theater turned out to have qualities movies could not reproduce. Equally, TV was supposed to replace movies but, again, did not.
[I] Movies did, however, fatally impact some parts of li ve theater. And while TV didn’t kill movies, it did kill second-rate pictures, shorts, and cartoons.
[J] Nor did TV kill radio. Comedy and drama shows (“Jack Benny,” “Amos and Andy,” “The Shadow”) all migrated to television. But because you can’t drive a c ar and watch television at the same time, rush hour became radio’s prime, while music, talk, and news radio greatly enlarged their audiences. Radio is today a very different business than in the late 1940s and a much larger one. [K] Sometimes old technology lingers for centuries because of its symbolic power. Mounted cavalry (骑兵) replaced the chariot (二轮战车) on the battlefield around 1000 BC. But chariots maintained their place in parades and triumphs right up until the end of the Roman Empire 1,500 years la ter. The sword hasn’t had a military function for a hundred years, but is still part of an officer’s full-dress uniform, precisely because a sword always symbolized “an officer and a gentleman.”
[L] Sometimes new technology is a little cranky (不稳定的) at first. Television repairman was a common occupation in the 1950s, for instance. And so the old technology remains as a backup. Steamships captured the North Atlantic passenger business from sail in the 1840s because of its
much greater speed. But steamships d idn’t lose their sails until the 1880s, because early marine engines had a nasty habit of breaking down. Until ships became large enough (and engines small enough) to mount two engines side by side, they needed to keep sails. (The high cost of steam and th e lesser need for speed kept the majority of the world’s ocean freight moving by sail until the early years of the 20th century.)
[M] Then there is the fireplace. Central heating was present in every upper-and middle-class home by the second half of the 19th century. But functioning fireplaces remain to this day a powerful selling point in a house or apartment. I suspect the reason is a deep-rooted love of the fire. Fire was one of the earliest major technological advances for humankind, providing heat, protection, and cooked food (which is much easier to cat and digest). Human control of fire goes back far enough (over a million years) that evolution could have produced a genetic leaning towards fire as a central aspect of human life.
[N] Books—especially books the average person could afford—haven’t been around long enough to produce evolutionary change in humans. But they have a powerful hold on many people nonetheless, a hold extending far beyond their literary content. At their best, they are works of art and there is a tactile（触觉的）pleasure in books necessarily lost in e-book versions. The ability to quickly thumb through pages is also lost. And a room with books in it induces, at least in some, a feeling not dissimilar to that of a fire in the fireplace on a cold winter’s night.
[O] For these reasons I think physical books will have a longer existence as a commercial product than some currently predict. Like swords, books have symbolic power. Like fireplaces, they induce a sense of comfort and warmth. And, perhaps, similar to sails, they make a useful back-up for when the lights go out.
( )46. Authors still published in printed versions will be considered important ones.
( )47. Some people are still in favor of printed books because of the sense of touch they can provide.
( )48. The radio business has changed greatly and now attracts more listeners.
( )49. Contrary to many people’s prediction of its death, the film industry survived.
( )50. Remarkable changes have taken place in the book business.
( )51. Old technology sometimes continues to exist because of its reliability.
( )52. The increase of e-book sales will force the book business to make changes not seen for centuries.
( )53. A new technology is unlikely to take the place of an old one without a clear advantage. ( )54. Paperbacks of popular literature are more likely to be replaced by e-books.
( )55. A house with a fireplace has a stronger appeal to buyers.
Section C
Passage One
Kentish Town Road is a boring high street in north London. It contains pound shops, hairdressers and some old hardware stores. Unlike Camden Town to the south, full of bars and tattoo (纹身) clubs, Hampstead to the west, with its pubs and clothing shops, little seems to have changed on the street for the past three decades.
One explanation is that, in common with other parts of London, Kentish Town has lots of social housing, as well as costly Victorian terraces(排屋). Camden Council, the local authority, is building even more in the town. This helps cheaper shops survive, suggests Tony Travers of the London School of Economics: council renters are less likely to drive and so rely more on local outlets. And the sheer volume of car and lorry traffic on the busy high street, which is a main road
into the city, might block shoppers from visiting and fashionable businesses from setting up in the area.
Population structure plays a part, too. Fully 72% of the population of Kentish Town is white, including a good number of Irish residents—higher than the proportion in London as a whole, at 60%. Unlike the high streets around Peckham and Brixton in south London, which cater for African shoppers who may travel far to reach them, few specialist shops draw people to Kentish Town. “We're not a destination high street,” sighs one local trader.
Strong opposition of the local residents accounts for part of the reason. Lots of civic groups are active in the area, campaigning against new licenses and the like, says Dan Carrier of the Camden New Journal, a newspaper. A local business association is also good at complaining. Partly because of this, a big supermarket has not yet opened on the high street—though Lidl, a discounter, will set up shop this year.
Soaring house prices in the area might be another brake on the change. Wealthy family buyers mean that some houses once split into flats have been turned back into homes, says Mr. Carrier. The result is fewer shoppers on the high street. Wealthy residents are more likely to get their groceries online or drive to bigger stores. And most will go out to the West End rather than a local restaurant.
56. What do we learn about Kentish Town Road?
A. It is a high way only for automobiles.
B. It is a boring but fashionable walking street.
C. It connects Camden with Hampstead.
D. It looks almost the same as thirty years ago.
57. Which is the reason for the survival of cheap shops on Kentish Town Road?
A. Social housing provides opportunities for cheaper shops.
B. Victorian Terraces help the survival of cheaper shops.
C. The tourists make up the mainstream consumers of the shops.
D. Car drivers consume in the shops when the road is blocked.
58. By “We're not a destination high street” (Line 5, Para. 3), the local trader means that ____.
A. tourists find nowhere to wander about on Kentish street
B. Kentish street is not a place catering for visitors
C. shops on Kentish street cannot attract buyers
D. visitors do not come to buy things on Kentish street
59. In what way does the life of local wealthy residents affect the town?
A. They rebuild the houses and set up larger shops.
B. Their shopping habit causes the decline of the local business.
C. Their moving back promotes the prosperity of the street.
D. They confine their consumption to the local shops.
60. It can be inferred from the passage that Kentish Town ______.
A. doesn’t develop fast because its roads are too narrow
B. holds a larger number of white population than London
C. rejects new businesses and fulfils kind of local protectionism
D. may one day become a community for only wealthy families
Passage Two
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
Several recent studies have found that being randomly (随机地) assigned to a roommate of
another race can lead to increased tolerance but also to a greater likelihood (可能性)of conflict.
Recent reports found that lodging with a student of a different race may decrease prejudice and compel students to engage in more ethnically diverse friendships.
An Ohio State University study also found that black students living with a white roommate saw higher academic success throughout their college careers. Researchers believe this may be caused by social pressure.
In a New York Times article, Sam Boakye – the only black student on his freshman year floor -said that "if you're surrounded by whites, you have something to prove."
Researchers also observed problems resulting from pairing interracial students in residences.
According to two recent studies, randomly assigned roommates of different races are more likely to experience conflicts so strained that one roommate will move out.
An Indiana University study found that interracial roommates were three times as likely as two white roommates to no longer live together by the end of the semester.
Grace Kao, a professor at Penn said she was not surprised by the findings. "This may be the first time that some of these students have interacted, and lived, with someone of a different race," she said.
At Penn, students are not asked to indicate race when applying for housing.
"One of the great things about freshman housing is that, with some exceptions, the process throws you together randomly," said Undergraduate Assembly chairman Alec Webley. "This is the definition of integration."
"I've experienced roommate conflicts between interracial students that have both broken down stereotypes and reinforced stereotypes," said one Penn resident advisor (RA). The RA of two years added that while some conflicts "provided more multicultural acceptance and melding (融合)," there were also "jarring cultural confrontations."
The RA said that these conflicts have also occurred among roommates of the same race.
Kao said she cautions against forming any generalizations based on any one of the studies, noting that more background characteristics of the students need to be studied and explained.
61. What can we learn from some recent studies?
A)Conflicts between students of different races are unavoidable.
B)Students of different races are prejudiced against each other.
C)Interracial lodging does more harm than good.
D)Interracial lodging may have diverse outcomes.
62. What does Sam Boakye's remark mean?
A)White students tend to look down upon their black peers.
B)Black students can compete with their white peers academically.
C)Black students feel somewhat embarrassed among white peers during the freshman year.
D)Being surrounded by white peers motivates a black student to work harder to succeed.
63. What does the Indiana University study show?
A)Interracial roommates are more likely to fall out.
B)Few white students like sharing a room with a black peer.
C)Roommates of different races just don't get along.
D)Assigning students' lodging randomly is not a good policy.
64. What does Alec Webley consider to be the "definition of integration"?
A)Students of different races are required to share a room.
B)Interracial lodging is arranged by the school for freshmen.
C)Lodging is assigned to students of different races without exception.
D)The school randomly assigns roommates without regard to race.
65. What does Grace Kao say about interracial lodging?
A) It is unscientific to make generalizations about it without further study.
B) Schools should be cautious when making decisions about student lodging.
C) Students' racial background should be considered before lodging is assigned.
D) Experienced resident advisors should be assigned to handle the problems.
Part IV Translation
中国受欢迎的体育运动在过去的50年间得到了迅速的发展。

在新中国的早期，人们只在休息时间随着广播音乐做一些有氧运动(aerobic exercises), 以及每年参加春季、秋季的运动会。

随着社会的进步和经济的发展，娱乐性的体育运动开始在社会各个阶层蔓延(permeate)。

自改革开放以来，体育活动在种类上变得丰富起来，越来越多的人将规律的体育运动视为他们日常生活的一部分。

Model Test One
姓名______________ 学号_____________ 分数_______________
Part I Writing
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1 A B C D
2 A B C D
3 A B C D
4 A B C D
5 A B C D
6 A B C D
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9 A B C D 10 A B C D 11 A B C D 12 A B C D
13 A B C D 14 A B C D 15 A B C D 16 A B C D
17 A B C D 18 A B C D 19 A B C D 20 A B C D 21 A B C D 22 A B C D 23 A B C D 24 A B C D 25 A B C D
Part III Reading Comprehension
Section A
Section B
Section C
56. A B C D 57. A B C D 58. A B C D 59. A B C D 60. A B C D 61. A B C D 62. A B C D 63. A B C D 64. A B C D 65. A B C D。