初中英语句子成分和五大基本句型

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表语：
• 表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词， 形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词， 短语，或者从句充当．表语位于系动词后面．
I am a teacher.
She feels happy.
Everybody is here.
They are at home now.
He went mad.
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(二) 挑出下列句中的表语 -- The old man was feeling very tired. -- The leaves have turned yellow. -- He is a teacher while his little brother is still a junior middle school student.
初中英语句子成分句 子成分
和
五大基本句型
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什么是句子？
句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是 能表达一个完整概念的语言单位．句子的第
一个字母必须大写，结尾要有．？ ！
I am a teacher.
Are you a student?
How beautiful the girl is !
I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi.
He is writing with a pen.
I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.
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定语
• 定语用来修饰名词或代词．形容词，代词，数 词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分词， 从句都可以充当定语．
• The black bike is mine.
• What’s your name?
• I have 5 books.
•A sleeping boy is sleeping.
• They made paper flowers.
• The boy in the room is Jack.
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• １．主语：主语是在句子中说明全句 中心主题的部分．一般由名词，代词， 不定式，动名词或从句充当．它的位 置一般在句首．
The girl is pretty.
Reading i源自文库 useful.
To see is to believe.
They are good friends.
Seeing is believing.
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宾语
• 宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短 语，不定式，动名词，从句充当．它和及物动 词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后．
She plays the piano.
He often helps me.
I like watching TV.
• 它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现 在分词和过去分词充当． • If you let me go, I’ll make you king.
• Leave the door open.
•We found John out when we arrived.
• Make yourself at home.
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(三) 挑出下列句中的定语 1. What is your given name? 2. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. 3. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. 4. A beautiful girl is running to us. 5. The boy in the clssroom is crying.
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谓语：
• 谓语说明主语做什么，以什么状态 或特征存在，由简单动词或者动词 短语构成．
They are teachers.
She looks well.
He studies hard.
He laughed at his classmates.
He can speak English.
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句子包括哪些成分？
现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种， 即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补 语。英语的基本成分有八种：主语 （subject）、谓语（predicate）、表 语（predicative）、宾语（object）、 定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 、 补语（complement）、同位语。
She likes to go to shop this afternoon.
I think 2020/10/22 that he is good boy.
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宾语补足语
• 在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思， 还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意 思．它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用．
•I heard my name called.
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状语
• 状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词．它表示行为发 生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度．一般由副词， 介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当， 也可由从句来充当．
He did it carefully.
He studied very hard.
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一) 挑出下列句中的宾语 ① My brother hasn't done his homework. ② People all over the world speak English. ④ How many new words did you learn last class? ⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? ⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.
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三、同位语：
同位语 当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位 置时，一个句子成分用来说明和解释另一个句子 成分，这个句子成分就叫做它的同位语。 We students should study hard. (students 是 we 的 同 位 语 ， 都 是 指 同 一 批 ‘ 学 生’） Li Lei, my brother, came to see me today. (my brother是Li Lei的同位语）