雅思小作文概述

第六节 雅思小作文概述雅思考试分移民类（general ）和学术类(academic)，两者都包含一篇小作文，一般用20分钟。

根据剑桥雅思考试中心提供的信息，雅思小作文和大作文的评分标准一致，主要有一下四个方面。

应题 (task response)协调性和连贯性(Coherence and cohesion)词汇量（Lexical resource ）语法正确（Grammatical accuracy ）一 图表作文分为四种图：饼图（pie chart ）、线图(line chart)、柱图(bar chart)、表图(table)图表作文写作流程审题：大致遵从下面的步骤小贴士：1同学们注意：图表作文从读题开始，争取迅速了解图所涉及的大致内容。

很多考生先看图表，这是错误的习惯，不看题目先看图表是浪费时间。

题目中往往包含有效信息，比如图表涉及的内容和时间。

2读完题目信息以后，开始读图。

正确的步骤是先看文字信息，再看数据。

这样会对数据有清晰的了解；没有文字信息的图表是没有意义的。

3 有时候不止是一个图表，这是，需要首先判断图之间是否有联系，如果有联系，就一起描述，反之，则分开描述4 在开始写作是，面对一堆数据，考生往往觉得无从下手，不知道描述的先后顺序。

一般来说阅读数据可以遵循下面的次序。

开始写作一般来说，图表小作文可以分为三个部分，分别是介绍段，主体部分和总结段；主体部分一般有两段话。

介绍段：介绍段主要注意改写题目，不要照搬照抄。

避免照抄题目的方法有四种1）改变题目中关键词的词性；2）改变题目中关键词的位置；3）用同义次取代其中某一些词；4）灵活地加入图表中的其他文字信息（譬如说时间、性别、国家等）例如题目：the graphs below show the enrolments ofoverseas students and local students in Britain’suniversities.介绍段：the graphs provide information about theproportions of改写改写overseas students and local students enrolled inBritain’s universities改词性和位置from 1989 to 1999.加入新的信息大意：下面的图提供关于1989到1999年海外学生和当地学生在英国大学入学率的信息。

主体部分：（2～3段）第一句话总结图中比较显著的趋势或者特征，其余句子按照第四点中所规定的顺序逐句叙述图表内容。

主体部分每一个句子一般有三个组成部分，分别是文字信息、数字信息和比较。

很多考生习惯在作文中把数字逐一读出，这是不好的习惯。

事实上，文字信息比数字信息更为重要：文字信息可以让读者清楚了解图表的主要信息，而数据只是起辅助的作用。

比较下面的句子例如：the average US family had 4.5 people in1915,3.3 in 1967 and 2.6 in 2006.改后句子：average family size in the US has beenshrinking, from文字信息3.3 people in 1967 to 2.6 people in 2006,数字信息compared to 4.5 people in 1915.比较图表范文分析：图表作文范文曲线图：The graph below shows the percentage of people unable to find work in three major countries from 1983 to 1992.学习知识点：1 “上升和下降”，“平稳波动的说法”1）the proportion (percentage) of people who were unable to find work decreased from 13% in 1983 to 8% to 1990.2）The number of people unable to find work showed a significant decline, accounting for 8% in1990, compared with 13% in 19833)after 7 years of steady decline, the percentage of people unable to work started to rise.The line graph shows a comparison of unemployment rates in Japan, the United Kingdom and Canada between 1989 and 1992.In Japan, the percentage of unemployment increased from 2.3%to 3%between 1983 and 1986.After that, the percentage started decreasing with minor fluctuation and returned to the original value in 1992.(第一组：具体谈日本的变化趋势，起末点，最高最低)In 1983, the percentage of unemployed people was 12% in Canada and 13% in the UK.(起点)These values decreased dramatically and at a constant rate over the next few years.(趋势)and unemployment reached the lowest percentage in Canada with about 7.7% in1988-1989,and in the UK with 7% in 1989-1990.(最低点)（介词短语的并列形式）The unemployment rates of the two countries reaches the same point between 1988 and 1989. And then the figures(替换))started increasing in both countries .in 1992,Canada reached its original value. Meanwhile, UK reached 10%, three points below the original percentage in 1983.(终点)From the above analysis, the unemployment rate in Japan was more stable than those of UK and Canada. (结论)柱状图：The graph below shows the different modes of transport used to travel to and from work in one European city in 1950, 1970, and 1990.The bar chart represents a contrast in terms of bus, car, bike, foot in years of 1950, 1970 and 1990.From 1950 to 1990,the percentage of people who travel(替换)by bike and on foot decreased from 27%to 7% and 33%to 10% respectively. Similarly, the percentage of people taking bus dropped after 1970 but increased before that. However, car’s percentage use sharply boomed(增速迅速发展) year after year.(第一组：柱自身比较)Traveling by bike or on foot were most popular in 1950.but percentage of car users was far more smaller. After two decades, with the decrease of bike users and travelers on foot, bus and car gain a lot of popularity. Bus reached its peak at 27%.in 1970,over one out of three(替换)people drive to and from work.(替换第二组，柱间比较)All in all, as the economy increases gradually, people prefer to go to work and come home by driving rather than taking bus or walking.表格图：The table below shows information on income, taxes and prices in five cities around the world. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.This table graph demonstrates a comparison of wages, taxes and rents in five important cities, Athens, Geneva, Hong Kong, London and Tokyo.Geneva and Tokyo offer the highest average hourly wage,13 and 12 pounds respectively. Within expectation, the tax as percentage of wage is also high. However, therent in Tokyo is much more than that in Geneva.On the contrary, the lowest wages are offered by Hong Kong and Athens,3 and 4 pounds respectively. It is not surprising that the taxes are correspondingly lower than the rest. The difference between the two cities is the rent, with the lowest 700 pounds in Athens and more higher 2400 pounds in Hong Kong.(第二组：工资最高，相似和不同)With the average rent and wage, London has the highest tax （其他有特点但未提到的）In conclusion, in terms of living cost, living in London might harder than the others.(合理推断)饼状图：The two pie charts below show the types of communication used in 1962 and 1982.As what has been shown in the two charts, the percentage of letters drastically decreased from 50% in 1962 to 10% in 1982 respectively.The figures of phone and computer usage, on the contrary, increased correspondingly at a high rate. The percentage of computer communication in 1982 was exactly twice that in 1962.Similarly,the popularity of phone in 1982 can also be suggested by its rise-25% from the original value,35%.In conclusion, communication devices, as economy andtechnology are being enhanced, have changes greatly.High-tech ways will gradually take the place of private and traditional ones.高分范文展示1.21世纪的利弊？discuss?With our entrance to 21st century, there rises the controversy of whether our future would turn to the bright one. Many people claim that 21st century would be taken into a positive way through scientific and technological advance while a great number of pessimists argue that our future is threat123d by lots of ongoing disasters. As for me, I prefer a balanced view that there will be crisis and opportunities.On one hand, we have reasons to be optimistic. For one thing, the development of information technology will make it possible to for all the people in the world to communicate with each other easily. Take the internet as an example. A simple click on the mouse could lead you to every place and person all over the world. For another, as the medical treatment develops, it could be expected that there will be cure for such deadly diseases as cancerand AIDS and that human beings would be able to enjoy a long life expectancy. Moreover, with the ongoing mechanization, an increasing amount of dangerous and heavy-labor work would tend to be taken by the robot. In this case, man can work in more safe and comfortable conditions, as well as enjoy more leisure time.On the other hand, it can be foreseen that there may be crises in the future. First, people will run high risk of psychological problems for dealing with computers in long-term is likely to cause the loneliness and infantile autism. Consequently the rate of suicide would experience a sharp rise. Besides, there is possibility that the robot would take over the earth, enslaving our mankind who is originally its creator. Furthermore, it is not impossible that a global nuclear war would break out. As a result, none of all creatures on the earth can escape this disaster so that from then on the civil history comes to an end.From the discussion above, it can be concluded that we would confront both opportunities and crises. The advanced science and technology could obtain merit and drawback. So what I hope to see in the future is that wecan enjoy healthier and longer life and that more and more science and technology will be employed in the peaceful way.2.Some people claim that the increasingly frequent business and cultural communications are positive whereas others hold a different opinion. Discuss. Although a slight mention of the past pastoral life arouses a nostalgia and reminiscent beauty, which is unexceptionally characterized by isolation and somewhat disconsolation, various and frequent communications in business, education, scientific research, and even the daily life are flooding the existent values, ideas, and ideals. Inevitably, this social phenomenon provokes a storm of commendation and criticism as well.Frequent communications in various fields among cultures and people undoubtedly benefit individuals’ life. Almost every citizen becomes the beneficiary of the communications. People around the world today are able to enjoy otherwise unavailable products and services. For instance, it is due to the international communication inbusiness that people in China can enjoy such high quality products as Mercedes Benz from Germany, Titoni watch from Switzerland, and IBM computers. All these cases demonstrate one thing: communications contribute to human beings.Not only are diverse array of communications in the international spectrum positive to individuals, they also have been exerting significant favorable influences on family life. It was virtually incredible to imagine an international family five decades ago, but today on account of the rapid development of communications and transportations, religious and racial discriminations have almost entirely “gone with the wind”. It is no longer an “abnormal” thing that a Chinese husband gets married with a Japanese wife. Such international family, as scientific research warrants, is a welcome development in terms of both biological and political elements.In fact, the advantages of communications are also shaping and reflecting the general human civilization development. If God, as Bible says, created differentA,B类题型理由段解决方案：单边支持类Wild animals have no place in the 21st contrary, and the protection for them is a waste of resource. To what extent, do you agree or disagree with the above statement?Humans share the planet with the wild animas who have contributed a lot to our society and economy. But today, the world is poised on the brink of the largest wave of extinctions. So we have to do something to protect wild animals.Firstly, faming to feed the growing human population is one of the chief cause of extinction. From this millions of hectares of forests and natural vegetation have been cleared for agricultural use. Secondly, excess mining has destroyed the habitat of wild animals. Then came the threat of illegal logging, poaching and smuggling. Wild animals are now facing severe problems, but fortunately more and more people begin to realize the value of wild animals to our human-beings environment.As we know, wild animals together with wild plants consist of a complex ecosystem, which is significant to our natural environment, providing clean water, clean air and various resources. They are so connected and interacted that even extinction of several species willlead to a disaster to the whole ecosystem. Furthermore, the variety of species and genes founding wild animals are critical resources that could be utilized in each country’s development, especially in science and medical. In history, many ideas of famous inventions originated form animals such as ultrasonic fro bat. Moreover, there are still so many undiscovered fields of science, maybe we can get use of one kind of wild animals one day. Before this, we had better keep them protected, particular to some rare species.Someone said safeguard of wild animals is a waste of resource, but I do not agree. It seems that we would spend some time, wealth and manpower on this meaningless thing. Actually we also do this for human being ourselves.Wild animals have no place in the 21st contrary, and the protection for them is a waste of resource. To what extent, do you agree or disagree with the above statement?With the rapid progress of society, people’s living standard is dramatically improved, with more convenience and resource coming to us. However, our living environment at the same time is getting more polluted. One effect of this phenomenon is that there is not enough space for wild animals to survive, and many people hold an opinion that it would be a waste of resource to protect wild animals. Nevertheless, I think exactly the opposite way.The environment is a comprehensively biological life cycle, with human beings, animals and plants playing affecting each other accordingly. Wild animals occupy an essent ial position in the life cycle. Let’s look at a very simple example. Although snakes are very dangerous and frightening, they can catch mice, and mice can destroy the crop as well as sanitary surroundings. Here it is easy to understand that if there are not enough snakes, the number of mice would grow rapidly, doing more harm to us. Then , should not we protect the snake? Actually, we are saving resource by doing this because trying to save something that is already destroyed seriously costs more.Secondly, in present, quite a number of problems such as desertification and rivers dried up, caused by excessive exploitation of natural resource, have arisen an increasing number of people aware of environment protection. More and more places, I think, should be planned for wild animals in 21st contrary. Thus, it is obviously noticed that more trees are planted and more wildlife conservation areas are planned, ensuring that wild animals will be under protection. As we can see from the improvement, in the 21st contrary, wild animals would be leading a happy life.To sum up, we cannot live without wild animals due to their profound effects on us. For this reason, we should try our best to protect them. Let’s remember one thing—protecting wild animals is equivalent to protecting ourselves.Wild animals have no place in the 21st contrary, and the protection for them is a waste of resource. Towhat extent, do you agree or disagree with the above statement?Biological diversity has never been as threatened as it is today as a result of the process of human civilization. The various forms of pressure created by human activity have destroyed natural balance, led to the deterioration of natural habitats, genetic erosion and the rarity, even disappearance, of a number of plant and animal species.As the pace of civilization accelerates, more people, taking more space, needing to use more natural resources, engaging in ever-growing consumption, impose sever deterioration on the habitat of animals. An increasing number of people come to realize that the disappearance of animals will result in serious threat to the equilibrium of ecosystem. Simply put, the extinction of hawks, rat-eating bird seen in many regions, will result in the rapid propagation of rats. And rats, further, will destroy the prairies and threaten the other animals like gazelles, zebras, and others, who live on grass and green lands. The coexistence of animals and human beings createsperfect harmony and brings about vividness to our planet.It is hard to imagine what our world would be like without animals. Sociologists also point our that the disappearance of animals can cause social and economic problems. Animals trade, as a supporting sector to the world economy, was very active before. However, the situation is beyond control since animals trade is very profitable and alluring. Many species cannot escape the adversity of being killed.Certainly, our diet cannot be without meat. There are living stocks, which can provide us with sufficient and nutritious produce. Therefore, we need not to resort to wild animals, especially the endangered ones. To protect animals is to protect our living environment. Every individual should join efforts to keep the diversity of animals.措施类解决方案：The gap of living in cities and the countryside is larger and larger. What are the reasons in your country and how to reduce the differences?As the step of economic development accelerates, the gap between the city and the countryside becomes more and more overt, which arouses colossal concerns. Take a further look at the phenomenon, there are three major causes.Firstly, the insufficiency of investment in the rural areas accounts mainly for the issue. China, for example, covers a very large area. Due to the emphasis on the development in the coastal areas, the government devotes more investment in the large cities, such as shanghai, Beijing and Guangzhou. The investment, undoubtedly, is repaid by the threefold increase of economy and commerce in these cities. However, this is not the case in the rural area and the western regions. The lack of investment barriers the productivity and economic development and sharpens the gap between the city and the countryside.Secondly, the low education level in the rural areas contributes partly to the gap of living. Education is the prime force of productivity. Keeping this in mind, many countries and governments give priority to the development of education. China’s education witnessed a rapid growth in the past decade. However, the education level in the countryside still keeps very low. The enrollment of primary schools and secondary schools is much lower compared with the advanced regions, not to mention the developed countries in the world. Without good education, the development of economy and technology would be dream difficult to be realized.Finally, the influx of migrant workers to the cities form the countryside deteriorates the undeveloped conditions in the rural areas. The life style in the urban areas is very attractive to the people in the countryside. To seek more working opportunities, many people abandon the fertile lands and leave them uncultivated. If the situation continues, it will lead to serious unbalance of economic and regional development.To sum up, only when the government renders more concerns over the issue can the gap between the cities and the countryside be bridged.The gap of living in cities and the countryside is larger and larger. What are the reasons in your country and how to reduce the differences?When you look back to the last contrary, amazingly you will find that not only had all world’s largest populated cities experienced different population growth rates, but also the difference between the city and the countryside had grown accordingly. Two reasons of mine can examine the tendency as following.The glamorous city life allures lots of human resources to move to the city, taking major contribution to the gap. In the city, there are many advantages to attract those talented people to settle down—more job opportunities, cultural activities, sporting events, if you name them. Therefore, even those well-educated people who areoriginated from the country intend to lead a dynamic city life instead of returning to face the static country view. If the rural government can work out some favorable policies such as low prices of land occupied for industrial uses, with the combination of low cost of workforce, investors are willing to establish factories in the countryside. The improvement of employment situation will enormously help pull back some intellectuals and lessen the gap.(104words)In the second part, I would mention the factor of transportation. Supporting sentences: the vital resistance of economic development in the countryside is the inconvenient transportation. It has been witnessed in China that almost all leading cities are scattered along the coastline. They take advantages of sea, air and other sophisticated transport facilities to enjoy high economic growth rates. I suggest that the central government should fund on infrastructure for the whole nation, including rural areas, to build up a nationwide transport network. Consequently, tourism as well as housing in thecountryside will be boosted, and the difference between the city and the country would be minimized.(94words)To sum up, intelligent resources would determine who is the winner or loser of the intense competition; moreover, transit system also play an important role in developing economy. If both issues were tackled properly in the countryside, gap between the city and the country would never be overwhelming.小贴士：图表作文中应该注意的问题一时态A图表小作文大部分时候使用过去时态，因为出现的数据一般都是以往的统计数据，过去的情形和现在的情形很有可能完全不一样，因此用过去时态比较恰当。