[考研类试卷]2013年四川大学英语专业(英美文学)真题试卷.doc

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四川大学考研英语基础英语样题

英语语言文学专业和外国语言学及应用语言学专业参考题（基础）考试科目：英语专业基础适用专业：英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学研究方向：英美文学、美国文化研究、加拿大文化研究、欧洲文化研究、现代英语及语言理论、英语翻译理论与实践、现代外语教育及教育技术（注意：答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题上不给分）样题：Part One Reading Comprehension (40 points)I. Cloze Test (10 points)Choose one of the four answers marked [A], [B], [C], [D] to complete the article. Write your answer on the answer sheet. Be sure that the number of the answers is in agreement with the number of the blanksMusic comes in many forms; most countries have a style of their own. At the turn of the century when jazz was born, America had no prominent 1 of its own. No one knows exactly when jazz was 2 ,or by whom. But it began to be heard in the early 1900s.Jazz is America‟s contribution to popular music. In contrast to classical music, which 3 formal European traditions, jazz is spontaneous and free form. It bubbles with energy, 4 the moods, interests, and emotions of the people. In the 1920s jazz 5 like America, and as it does today. The 6 of this music are as interesting as the music itself. American Negroes, or blacks, as they are called today, were the jazz 7 . They were brought to Southern States as slaves. They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long hours. When a Negro died, his friends and relatives8 a procession to carry the body to the cemetery. In New Orleans, a band often accompanied the procession .On the way to the cemetery the band played slow, solemn music suited to the occasion. But on the way home the mood changed. Spirits lifted. Death had removed one of their 9 , but the living were glad to be alive. The band played happy music, improvising on both the harmony and the melody of the tunes 10 at the funeral. This music made everyone want to dance. It was an early form of jazz.1. [A] music [B] song [C] melody [D] style2. [A] discovered [B] acted [C] invented [D] designed3. [A] forms [B] follows [C] approaches [D] introduces4. [A] expressing [B] explaining [C] exposing [D] illustrating5. [A] appeared [B] felt [C] seemed [D] sounded6. [A] origins [B] originals [C] discoveries [D] resources7. [A] players [B] followers [C] fans [D] pioneers8. [A] demonstrated [B] composed [C] hosted [D] formed9. [A] number [B] members [C] body [D] relations10. [A] whistled [B] sung [C] presented [D] showedII. Reading comprehension: (30 points)In this section there are three passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and write your answer on the answer sheet.Passage 1Lloyds TSB, the UK‟s biggest high street bank, is being forced to withdraw a memo which orders its branch staff not to switch customers into accounts that would pay them higher rates of interest. The bank will today write to every one of its 2,600 branches to “clarify” the contents of an internal memo, which tells staff it is “unacceptable” to inform current account customers that they could make better return by shifting spare cash into accounts with higher returns. The average balance in a Lloyds TSB account is understood to be 2,000 and if half of every balance was moved into an alternative instant access account operated by Lloyds, the bank would have to pay an estimated $160 million in additional interest in a year. Lloyds, which has 7 million customers and last year made more than $3 billion profit, pays 0.3 per cent interest on its current account. Its instant access account offers 3.4 per cent. The memo told staff they could lose out on incentive scheme rewards—including cash bonuses and foreign holidays—if they were caught switching cash out of low interest accounts.A spokeswoman for Lloyds TSB said the memo, entitled Key Sales and Service Objectives, was designed to improve service levels and had been “quoted out of context”. It was written by Mike Mitchell, the bank‟s national sales manager, and circulated in January. It was designed to stop its staff opening new accounts merely to receive incentive scheme points. Staff are allowed, however, to make other suggestions to customers, including selling them financial services such as unit trust investments and private health insurance, which generate substantial profits for the bank. Branch workers who successfully sell such products receive incentive scheme rewards, directlyre lated to how much profit the bank makes from them. The bank‟s spokeswoman said: “The spirit of this memo, of putting customers first, has been obfuscated by sentences which are meant to say one thing but may be interpreted as saying another.” In some cas es, she claimed, those with high sums to invest can get better returns from their existing current accounts because the interest rate rises as the balance goes up. But she admitted that the memo tells staff that all current account switches “must be initiated by the customer”, and that staff are not allowed to advise customers their money might earn better returns in alternative accounts. The only time such suggestions can be made, says the memo, is in a formal one-to-one interview with the customer. The bank insisted that the memo was designed to improve customer service, but it has angered branch staff, who believe they are being ordered not to operate in the customers‟ best interestsThe Lloyds‟ spokeswoman added: “We agree that this memo may be misinterpreted.” The bank‟s deputy chief executive, Michael Fairley, has intervened and will be rewriting the memo. 1. According to the passage, Lloyds TSB is going to withdraw its internal memo circulated in January because .[A] it has been made known to the general public[B] it has been opposed by all its customers[C] it is misinterpreted by its branch staff[D] it is considered against customers‟ best interests2. The spokeswoman for Lloyds TSB‟s comment that the memo had been “quoted out of context” could be considered .[A] a confession of the bank‟s malpractice[B] a guarantee of improvement of the bank‟s service[C] a response to criticisms of the memo[D] a hint to withdraw and rewrite the memo3. It can be concluded from the passage that according to the memo, the branch staff .[A] will get no cash bonuses if they sell private health insurance to customers[B] will receive no incentive scheme rewards if found shifting customers cash into higher interest accounts[C] cannot make any suggestions in a formal one-to-one interview with customers[D] shall never tell customers the interest rates of different accounts4. The word “obfuscated” used in paragraph 3 can be replaced by .[A] clarified [B]strengthened [C] obscured [D] weakened5. According to the passage, all of the following are true EXCEPT that .[A] the interest rate of an instant access account is higher than that of a current account[B] the interest rate can rise as the balance in an account goes up to a certain level[C] the memo does not allow account switches initiated by customers[D] the memo encourages bank workers to sell more financial services to customersPassage 2Imagine a world in which there was suddenly no emotion—a world in which human beings could feel no love or happiness, no terror or hate. Try to imagine the consequences of such a transformation. People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, neither anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments. Society would soon disappear: people would be as likely to harm one another as to provide help and support. Human relationships would not exist; in a world without friends or enemies, there could be no marriage, affection among companions, or bonds among members of groups. Society‟s economic underpinnings would be destroyed: since earning would not bring enjoyment, there would be no incentive to work. In fact, there would be no incentives of any kind. For as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them.In such a world, the chances that the human species would survive are next to zero, because emotions are the basic instrument of our survival and adaptation. Emotions structure the world for us in important ways. As individuals, we categorize objects on the basis of our emotions. True, we consider the length, shape, size, or te xture, but an object‟s physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to us—hurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. We also use categorizations colored by emotions in our families, communities, and overall society. Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are “good” and others are “bad”, and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life—from what foods we eat and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept. In fact, society exploits our emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty, morality, pride, shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order tomaintain itself. It gives high rewards to individuals who perform important tasks such as surgery, makes heroes out of individuals for unusual or dangerous achievements such as flying fighter planes in a war, and uses the legal and penal system to make people afraid to engage in antisocial acts.6. The reason why people might not be able to stay alive in a world without emotion isthat .[A] they would not be able to tell the texture of objects[B] they would not know what was beneficial and what was harmful to them[C] they would not be happy with a life without love[D] they would do things that hurt each other‟s feelings7. According to the passage, people‟s learning activities are possible because they .[A] enjoy being rewarded for doing the right thing[B] know what is vital to the progress of society[C] believe that emotions are fundamental for them to stay alive[D] benefit from providing help and support to one another8. It can be inferred from the passage that the economic foundation of society is dependenton .[A] the ability to make money[B] the will to work for pleasure[C] the capacity to enjoy incentives[D] the categorizations of our emotional experiences9. Emotions are significant for man‟s survival and adaptation because .[A] they provide the means by which people view the size or shape of objects[B] they are the basis for the social feeling of agreement by which society is maintained[C] they encourage people to perform dangerous achievements[D] they generate more love than hate among people10. The emotional aspects of an object are more important than its physical aspects in thatthey .[A] help society exploit its members for profit[B] encourage us to perform important tasks[C] help to perfect the legal and penal system[D] help us adapt our behavior to the world surrounding usPassage 3Astronomers have witnessed the biggest bang since the big bang—the moment about 15 billion years ago when the universe was created in a massive explosion. The huge burst of energy from the edge of the universe is estimated to be second only to the moment of creation in its explosive force, releasing more energy in two seconds than the sun will give out in it lifetime. Scientists hope the explosion—known as a gamma-ray burst because it emits energy in the form of gamma radiation—will shed light on the earliest stages in the evolution of the stars and galaxies.Gamma-ray bursts cannot be seen by the human eye, but if they could the sky would light up like a camera flash each time they occurred. They are by far the most energetic events in the universe and, until now, have remained largely a mystery.The latest gamma-ray burst to be detected accurately occurred last December. Using a network of telescopes and satellites, the astronomers were able to calculate its distance from Earth at about 15 billion light years. This means it must have happened soon after the big bang itself, while the intensity of the radiation revealed it to be the biggest bang recorded by man. Scientists from the American National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the California Institute of Technology are to announce details of their analysis this week. The huge distance between the source of the explosion and the Earth suggests gamma-ray bursts are up to 10 times larger than previously thought, said Jonathan Katz, professor of physics at Washington University in St Louis. “Gamma-ray bursts may be the most distant things we will ever see and as such will act as beacons to probe into the very distant regions of the universe when stars and galaxies were first formed.”American spy satellites looking for the radiation released from Soviet nuclear tests first detected gamma-ray bursts in 1967 but the details were kept classified until 1973. For nearly 25 years scientists were hampered in their efforts to find an explanation for the huge explosions because they lasted no longer than a few seconds. The inability to explain them led to speculation that gamma-ray bursts were the remnants of nuclear battles between alien civilizations, or even the exhaust energy of extraterrestrial spaceships going into warp drive. Two satellites, the American Compton gamma-ray observatory and the Italian-Dutch Bepposax satellite, have now been able to locate the precise direction of gamma-ray bursts within seconds of them occurring. John Quenby, professor of physics at Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine in London, said the most likely explanation for gamma-ray burst is that they result from the enormous energy released when two very dense objects—called neutron stars—collide.11. According to the passage, “the big bang” is used to express all of the followingEXCEPT .[A] the huge energy burst which created the universe[B] the energy burst which took place in the center of the universe[C] the explosion which took place in the form of gamma radiation[D] the explosion which happened about 15 billion years ago12. According to the passage, gamma-ray bursts .[A] were detected accidentally[B] were first detected by Soviet nuclear experts[C] were made known to the public after 1973[D] were soon given clear and detailed explanation13. It can be concluded from the passage that the study of the big bang will probably .[A] lead to the discovery of earliest human civilizations[B] tell how and when the universe was formed[C] display the intensity of nuclear radiation[D] make it possible to communicate with other civilizations14. Which of the following is NOT directly stated but can be inferred from the passage?[A] Gamma-ray explosion is very, very far away from the Earth.[B] Scientists believe that the universe was formed out of the big bang.[C] Gamma-ray bursts lasted only a very short period of time.[D] Scientists are still working hard to find more plausible explanation for the big bang.15. Which of the following can be used as the best title of the passage?[A] Gamma-ray Bursts and Nuclear Ears between Alien Civilizations.[B] Astronomy and the Creation of Universe.[C] Big Bang Theory Explains the Mystery of Universe.[D] Big Bang II Sheds Light on Evolution of Universe.Part Two English-Chinese Translation (30 points)Translate the following passages into Chinese. Each translated passage will account for 15 points. Give the number of the passage on your answer sheet.Passage 1For the great majority of automobile workers, the only meaning of the job is in the pay check, not in anything connected with the work or the product. Work appears as something unnatural, a disagreeable, meaningless and stultifying condition of getting the pay check, devoid of dignity as well as of importance. No wonder that this puts a premium on slovenly work, on slowdowns, and on other tricks to get the same pay check with less work. No wonder that this results in an unhappy and discontented worker—because a pay check is not enough to base one…s self-respect on.Passage 2One morning when he was walking out in the hills a girl passed him, then slowed her car to ask if she could give him a lift. Claude would have said that she was just the sort who would never stop to pick him up, --yet she did, and she talked to him pleasantly all the way back to town. It was only twenty minutes or so, but it was worth everything else that happened on his trip. When she asked him where she should put him down, he said at the Antlers, and blushed so furiously that she must have known at once he wasn‟t staying there.Part Three Chinese-English Translation (30 points)Translate the following passage into English:中华文明以其顽强的凝聚力和隽永的魅力，历经沧桑，完整地延续下来。

2013年四川大学英语专业(语言学)真题试卷答案

一、名词解释1 【正确答案】 Descriptive adequacy is achieved when a grammar not only produces correct explanations for raw linguistic data, but also produces correct explanations for the linguistic competence of the speaker and hearer.【试题解析】 (考查描述充分性)2 【正确答案】 Textual function refers to the fact that language has mechanisms to make any stretch of spoken or written discourse into a coherent and unified text.【试题解析】 (考查语篇功能)3 【正确答案】 Illocutionary act refers to an utterance that accomplishes something in the act of speaking something.【试题解析】 (考查行事行为)4 【正确答案】 Arbitrariness refers to the fact that the forms of linguistic signs have no natural relationship, while motivation refers to the extent to which the individual worksor strives to learn the language because of a desire to do so and the satisfaction experienced in this activity.【试题解析】 (考查语言的任意性和二语习得的动机)5 【正确答案】 Ideal speaker refers to the speaker who has mastered and internalized the linguistic rules of his native language, or in other words, a speaker of a language who has the ability to speak and understand the language in a grammatically-correct manner.【试题解析】 (考查理想说话者的定义)6 【正确答案】 Bound morpheme refers to those morphemes which cannot occur alone, such as the plural morpheme"-s"in "cats" and the negative morpheme "dis-" in "dislike".【试题解析】 (考查粘着语素)7 【正确答案】 Blending is a relatively complex form of compounding, in which two words are blended by joining the initial part of the first word and the final part of the second word, or by only joining the initial parts of the two words. For example, "breakfast" + "lunch"→"brunch" , "smoke" + "fog"→"smog".【试题解析】 (考查混成法)8 【正确答案】 Language use can be formal, neutral and casual in style. The stylistic features of words, which make words appropriate for appropriate situations, constitute stylistic meanings of words. For example, "father" is more formal than "dad" and "friend" is more formal than "buddy".【试题解析】 (考查文体含义)9 【正确答案】 Loanword refers to the process in which both form and meaning of the words are borrowed from other languages, with only a slight adaptation. For example, English borrowed "tea" from Chinese, "sputnik" from Russian.【试题解析】 (考查借词)10 【正确答案】 Homonymy refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form. For example, different words may be identical in sound or spelling, or both. Such as "meet"—"meat", "pupil"(student)—"pupil"(the small round black area at the center of the eye).【试题解析】 (考查同音／同形异义现象)二、简答题11 【正确答案】 1．他喜欢假装自己是电子方面的专家。

2012年四川大学英语专业(英美文学)真题试卷.doc

2012年四川大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷(总分：34.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、名词解释(总题数：5，分数：10.00)1.Charles Lamb（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.Waiting for Godot（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.The theatre of the absurd（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.Tales of the Grotesque and the Arabesque（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.Carl Sandburg（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________二、单项选择题(总题数：10，分数：20.00)6.Most of Thomas Hardy"s novels are set in______, the fictional erode rural region which is really the home place he both loves and hates.（分数：2.00）A.SussexB.WessexC.CasterbridgeD.Dorsetshire7.Dickens takes the sinister aspect of the British legal system as the theme of his novel______（分数：2.00）A.Great ExpectationB.Bleak HouseC.Oliver TwistD.Hard times8.Beowulf, a typical example of______, is regarded today as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons.（分数：2.00）A.modern dramaB.medieval dramaC.modem poetryD.Old English poetry9.Peter is one of the major characters in______.（分数：2.00）A.Lord of the FliesB.Waiting for GodotC.LycidasD.The Pilgrim"s Progress10.The word which best describes the tone of the poem When We Two Parted is______.（分数：2.00）A.sentimentalB.ironicC.paradoxicalD.realistic11.Which one of the following is the author of The Hairy Ape?（分数：2.00）A.Tennessee WilliamsB.Arthur MillerC.Eugene O"NeillD.T. S. Eliot12.A Farewell to Arms is about the traumatic war experience in______.（分数：2.00）A.World War IIB.Spanish Civil WarC.World War ID.Vietnam War13.Which one of the following writers does not belong to the school of the Lost Generation?（分数：2.00）A.Ernest HemingwayB.Scott FitzgeraldC.John Dos PassosD.Joseph Heller14.Which one of the following works deals with the war experience in American Civil War?（分数：2.00）A.The Red Badge of CourageB.For Whom the Bell TollsC.The Last of the MohicansD.Light in August15.Moby-Dick is the name of______（分数：2.00）A.an octopusB.a whaleC.the captainD.the narrator三、问答题(总题数：2，分数：4.00)16.Make a comment on Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 17.Make a statement about the use of the techniques of stream of consciousness and interior monologue in modern American fiction.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________。

翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试四川大学2013年真题.doc

翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试四川大学2013年真题(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Part Ⅰ Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：30.00)1.Presumably , excessive consumption of fried foods has serious consequences as has been proved.（分数：2.00）A.TheoreticallyB.PracticallyC.IncrediblyD.Probably2.Silk, although it is considered a delicate fabric, is in fact very strong, but it is adversely affected by sunlight.（分数：2.00）A.softB.sheerC.fragileD.refined3.It is anticipated that this contract will substantially increase sales over the next three years.（分数：2.00）A.apparentlyB.slightlyC.considerablyD.steadily4.Wives tend to believe that their husbands are infinitely resourceful and versatile.（分数：2.00）A.diligentB.capableC.cleverD.perfect5.What is at fault in our present system is not the outcome but the fallible procedure.（分数：2.00）A.sublimeB.erroneousC.plausibleD.impeccable6.What he expressed as a mere supposition was taken by others as a positive statement.（分数：2.00）A.suspectB.surmiseC.suspicionD.surrender7.Her office in the First National Bank building is provisional .（分数：2.00）A.permanentB.temporaryC.corruptD.craven8.Any troop of wild animals should be approached warily .（分数：2.00）A.fearlesslyB.confidentlyC.silentlyD.prudently9.Mr. Johnson was a passionate person filled with an incredible dynamism .（分数：2.00）A.energyB.enduranceC.effortD.endeavor10.Among the lowest of the judicial ranks, justices of the peace nevertheless frequently exercise jurisdiction over a variety of misdemeanors.（分数：2.00）A.guidanceB.sovereigntyC.authorityD.suzerainty11.The general opinion is that he is ______ to complain.（分数：1.00）A.so much a milquetoastB.too a milquetoastC.too much of a milquetoastD.so much of a milquetoast12.The ozone layer plays as great a role in the stability of spaceship Earth as ______ the waters of its lakes, ponds, oceans, rivers, and streams.（分数：1.00）A.doB.doesC.playD.are13.Perhaps I should not have done so, but I changed my mind about the new job even though I was ______ last week.（分数：1.00）A.to be startedB.to have startedC.to have been startingD.start14.Despite an overlay of quasi-literary French vocabulary stemming from the Norman Invasion of 1066, the daily vocabulary of English remained Germanic, ______ its grammatical structure.（分数：1.00）A.the same areB.and so areC.as didD.and so were15.Although money is always useful, it isn"t all ______.（分数：1.00）A.what there is to lifeB.to which there is in lifeC.there is to lifeD.that is in life16.______ ever so humble, there"s no place like home.（分数：1.00）A.It beB.Be itC.It wasD.Was it17.Although women duster to him like moths around a flame, he is none ______ happier for it.（分数：1.00）A.butB.theC.muchD.any18.Professor Jeffrey"s lecture on the recycling of waste paper and other garbage will show ______ can still be improved.（分数：1.00）A.that the municipal authorities have doneB.how those the municipal authorities have doneC.how what the municipal authorities have doneD.that how the municipal authorities have done19.Most insulation devices of this kind, ______ manufactured for such purposes, are extremely expensive to install.（分数：1.00）A.that areB.which isC.those areD.as are20.The detective watched and saw the suspect ______ a hotel at the corner of the street.（分数：1.00）A.getting off the taxi and walking intoB.got off the taxi and walked intoC.get off the taxi and walk intoD.got off the taxi to walk into二、Part Ⅱ Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section 1 Multiple c(总题数：2，分数：20.00)An important point in the development of a governmental agency is the codification of its controlling practices. The study of law or jurisprudence is usually concerned with the codes, and practices of specific governments, past or present. It is also concerned with certain questions upon which a functional analysis of behavior has some beating. What is a law? What role does a law play in governmental control? In particular, what effect does it have upon the behavior of the controller and of the members of the governmental agency itself?A law usually has two important features. In the first place, it specifies behavior. The behavior is usually not described topographically but rather in terms of its effect upon others—the effect that is the object of governmental control. When we are told, for example, that an individual has "committed perjury", we are not told what he has actually said. "Robbery" and "assault" do not refer to specific forms of response. Only properties of behavior which are aversive to others are mentioned—in perjury the lack of a customary correspondence between a verbal response and certain factual circumstances, in robbery the removal of positive reinforces, and in assault the aversive character of physical injury. In the second place, a law specifies or implies a consequence, usually punishment. A law is thus a statement of a contingency of reinforcement maintained by a governmental agency. The contingency may have prevailed as a controlling practice prior to its codification as a law, or it may represent a new practice which goes into effect with the passage of the law. Laws are thus both descriptions of past practices and assurances of similar practices in the future. A law is a rule of conduct in the sense that it specifies the consequences of certain actions which in turn "rule" behavior.The effect of a law upon the controlling agency. The government of a large group requires an elaborate organization, the practices of which may be made more consistent and effective by codification. How codes of law affect governmental agents is the principal subject of jurisprudence. The behavioral processes are complex, although presumably not novel. In order to maintain or "enforce" contingencies of governmental control, an agency must establish the factthat an individual has behaved illegally and must interpret a code to determine the punishment. It must then carry out the punishment. These labors are usually divided among special subdivisions of the agency. The advantages gained when the individual is "not under man but under law" have usually been obvious, and the great codifiers of law occupy places of honor in the history of civilization. Codification does not, however, change the essential nature of governmental action nor remedy all its defects.（分数：10.00）(1).In the development of a government agency, ______.（分数：2.00）A.the standard on which the judgment may be made is more important than the actual application of this judgmentB.the function of law is importantC.the study of ordinance is the most importantD.practice is more important than criterion(2).One of the prominent characteristics of a law is ______.（分数：2.00）A.the result on the individual"s behavior on which a restraining influence is being exercisedB.the result of a behavior on the members of the governmental agencyC.the result of a behavior on ordinary citizensD.Both A and B(3).What does the example "committed perjury" illustrate?（分数：2.00）A.The law will examine closely what the individual said in courtB.It illustrates that the law only has something to say when behavior has negative effects on othersC.Behavior which tends to avoid punishing stimulus will not be explicitly specified by lawD.Both B and C(4).The other distinguishing trait of the law is ______.（分数：2.00）A.punishment is carried out by the courts at all levelsB.rules and court practices initiated by a governmental agency are specifically designed to increase government controlC.a system of rules governing a conduct, activity or event incidental by natureD.any governmental reinforcement(5).How does codification of the laws affect governmental agents?（分数：2.00）A.The law will be interpreted objectively rather than subjectivelyernment agencies have to compromise with factual conditionsC.Occasionally, governmental agencies have to redress, correct or adapt a law for their benefitws can not be altered or modified but they can be incremented with new court decisions and also through jurisprudence"Sloganeering" did not originate in the 1960s. The term has a rich history. It originated from the Gaelic word slaughgharim, which signified a "host-shout," "war cry," or "gathering word or phrase of one of the old Highland clans; hence the shout or battle cry of soldiers in the field." English-speaking people began using the term by 1704. The term at the time meant "the distinctive note, phrase, or cry of any person or body of persons." Slogans were common throughout the European continent during the middle ages, and they were utilized primarily as "passwords to insure proper recognition of individuals at night or in the confusion of battle." The American revolutionary rhetoric would not have been the same without "the Boston Massacre," "the Boston Tea Party," "the shot heard around the world," and shouts of "no taxation without representation".Slogans operate in society as "social symbols" and, as such, their intended or perceived meaning may be difficult to grasp and their impact or stimulation may differ between and among individuals and groups.Because slogans may operate as "significant symbols" or as key words that have a standard meaning in a group, they serve both expressive and persuasive functions. Harold Lasswell recognized thatthe influencing of collective attitudes is possible by the manipulation of significant symbols such as slogans. He believed that a verbal symbol might evoke a desired reaction or organize collective attitudes around a symbol. Murray Edelman writes that "to the political scientist patterning or consistency in the context in which specific groups of individuals use symbols is crucial, for only through such patterning do common political meaning and claims arise." Thus, the slogans a group uses to evoke specific responses may provide us with an index for the group"s norm, values, and conceptual rationale for its claims.Slogans are so pervasive in today"s society that it is easy to underestimate their persuasive power. They have grown in significance because of the medium of television and the advertising industry. Television, in addition to being the major advertising medium, has altered the nature of human interaction. Political images are less personal and shorter. They function as summaries and conclusions rather than bases for public interaction and debate. The style of presentation in television is more emotional, but the content is less complex or ideological. In short, slogans work well on television.The advertising industry has made a science of sloganeering. Today, communication itself is a problem because we live in an "overcommunicated" society. Advertisers have discovered that it is easier to link product attributes to existing beliefs, ideas, goals, and desires of the consumer rather than to change them. Thus, to say that a cookie tastes "homemade" or is as good as "Morn used to make" does not tell us if the cookie is good or bad, hard or soft, but simply evokes the fond memories of Mother"s baking. Advertisers, then, are more successful if they present a product in a way that capitalizes on established beliefs or expectations of the consumer. Slogans do this well by crystallizing in a few words the key idea or theme one wants to associate with an issue, group, product, or event. "Sloganeering" has become institutionalized as a virtual art form, and an advertising agency may spend months testing and creating the right slogan for a product or a person.Slogans have a number of attributes that enhance their persuasive potential for social movements. They are unique and readily identifiable with a specific social movement or social movement organization. "Gray Power," for instance, readily identifies the movement for elderly Americans, and "Huelga" (strike in Spanish) identifies the movement to aid Mexican American field workers in the west and southwest.（分数：10.00）(1)."Sloganeering" stems from a word that was used ______.（分数：2.00）A.in the United StatesB.in the IrelandC.on the European continentD.frequently in revolutionary rhetoric(2).What is the writer"s main purpose?（分数：2.00）A.To explain the history of slogansB.To explain the persuasiveness of slogansC.To explain how slogans have changedD.To explain how slogans are used on television(3).Because slogans are "social symbols" they ______.（分数：2.00）A.can have different meanings in different cultural and economic settingsB.are widely used as status symbolsC.can be used to demonstrate high social standingD.are perceived as difficult to grasp(4).Lasswell"s and Edelman"s studies are important in that they ______.（分数：2.00）A.believe that a verbal symbol might evoke a desired reactionB.demonstrate that patterning and consistency is crucial to the use of symbolsanize collective attitudes around a symbolD.demonstrate a culture"s principles are indicated by the slogans which arc used(5).Television ______.（分数：2.00）A.has distorted the purpose of slogansB.has kept consistent the nature of human interactionC.has made political images personal and shorterD.utilizes slogans well四、Section 2 Answering (总题数：2，分数：20.00)THE WISDOM OF SOCRATESI will try to explain to you what has given rise to these slanders and given me a bad name. Listen then. Some of you will think that I am joking, but I assure you that I will tell you the whole truth. I have gained this bad reputation, Athenians, simply by reason of a certain kind of wisdom. What kind of wisdom? It is by that sort of wisdom which is possible to men. It may be that in having that I am really wise. But the men of whom I was speaking just now must be wise in a wisdom which is greater than human wisdom, or in some way which I cannot describe since I know nothing of it myself; and if any man says that I do know anything of superhuman wisdom, he lies and wants to slander me. (Interruptions.) Do not interrupt me, Athenians, even if you think that I am speaking arrogantly I am. going to say something which is not my own. I will tell you who says it and he deserves to be believed by you. I will bring the god of Delphi to be the witness of the fact of my wisdom and of its nature. You remember Chaerephon. From youth upwards he was my comrade. You remember his character. He was impetuous. Once he went to Delphi and ventured to put this question to the Oracle—(interruptions)—I entreat you again, my friends, not to cry out-he asked if there was any man who was wiser than I, and the priestess answered that them was no man. Chaerephon himself is dead, but his brother here will confirm what I say.Why do I tell you this? I am going to explain to you the origin of my unpopularity. When I heard what the Oracle had said I began to reflect. What could God mean by this dark saying? I knew very well that I was not wise, even in the smallest degree. Then what could he mean by saying that I was the wisest of men? It cannot be that he was speaking falsely for he is a god and cannot lie. For a long time I was at a loss to understand his meaning. After turning it over in my mind for a long time I thought of away of testing the matter. I went to a man who was said to be wise, thinking that there if anywhere I should prove the Oracle wrong, and meaning to point out to the Oracle its mistake. I should be able to say, "You said that I was the wisest of men, but this man is wiser than I am." So I examined the man—I need not tell you his name; he was a politician —but this was the result, Athenians. When I talked with him I found that, though a great many persons, and most of all he himself; thought that he was wise, yet he was not wise. Then I tried to prove to him that he was not wise though he fancied he was, and by so doing I made him, and many of the bystanders, Elders, my enemies. So when I went away I thought to myself, I am wiser than this man. Probably neither of us knows anything that is really good, but he thinks that he has knowledge, when he has not, while I having no knowledge, do not think that I have. I do not think that I know what I do not know, and on this point, at any rate I seem to be a little wiser than he is.Next I went to another man who was said to be even wiser than the last, with exactly the same result. Here again I made him, and many other men, my enemies.I went on to one man after another, making enemies every day. This caused me much unhappiness and anxiety, but I thought that I must set God"s command above everything? So I had to go to every man who seemed to possess any knowledge, and search for the meaning of the Oracle. This was the result of the search which I made at God"s bidding: the men whose reputation for wisdom stood highest were among those most lacking in it, while others, who were looked down on as common people, were much better fitted to learn.Now I must describe to you the wanderings which I undertook to make full proof of the Oracle.After the politicians I went to the poets, thinking that I should and myself clearly more ignorant than they. So I took up the poems on which I thought they had spent most pains, and ask them what they meant, hoping to learn something from them. I am ashamed to tell you the truth, my friends, but I must say it. Almost any of the bystanders could have talked about the works of these poets better than the poets themselves. So I soon found out that it is not by wisdom that the poets create their works, but by a certain natural power and by inspiration, like soothsayers and prophets who say fine things but who understand nothing of what they say. At the same time I saw that, because of their poetry, they thought that they were the wisest of men in other matters too, which they were not. So I went away again, thinking that I had the same advantage over the poets as I had .over the politicians.Finally I went to the skilled workmen, for I knew very well that I possessed no knowledge at all worth speaking of, and I was sure that I should find that they knew many fine things, and in that I was not mistaken. But, Athenians, they made the same mistake as the poets. Each of them believed himself to be extremely wise in matters of the greatest importance because he was skilled in his own art. I asked myself, on behalf of the Oracle, whether I would choose to remain as I was, without either their wisdom or their ignorance, or to possess both, as they did. I made answer to myself and to the Oracle that it was better for me to remain as I was.By reason of this examination, Athenians, I have made enemies of a very bitter and fierce kind, who have spread abroad a great number of slanders about me. People say that I am a "wise man", thinking that I am wise myself in any matter in which I show another man to be ignorant. But, my friends, I believe that only God is really wise, and that by this Oracle he meant that men"s wisdom is worth little or nothing. I do not think he meant that Socrates was wise. He only took me as an example as though he would say to men, "He among you is the wisest who, like Socrates, knows that his wisdom is worth little at all."（分数：12.00）(1).When Socrates says that he is not wise, what does he mean by "being wise" ? When he says that he possesses a certain kind of wisdom, what kind of "wisdom" has he in mind?When he says that only God is really wise, is he thinking of the first sense of "wisdom" or second?（分数：4.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (2).In the second sentence of the second paragraph, Socrates promises to explain to the audience the origin of his unpopularity. What exactly is the explanation which he offers on this point?（分数：4.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (3).Can you tell from this passage whether Socrates had a sympathetic audience or a hostile one?（分数：4.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ "I"ve been expecting you!" Marek repeated, when he had seated his guest in a comfortable leather chair. Nothing on earth would have induced Bondy to own up to his vision of the fallen inventor. "Just fancy!" he said, with a rather forced gaiety. "What a coincidence! It struck me only this very morning that we hadn"t seen each other for twenty years. Twenty years, Rudy, think of it!" "Hm," said Marek. "And so you want to buy my invention.""Buy it?" said G. H. Bondy hesitatingly. "I really don"t know... I haven"t even given it a thought.I wanted to see you and—""Oh, come, you needn"t pretend," Marek interrupted him. "I knew that you were coming. You"d be sure to, for a thing like this. This kind of invention is just in your line. There"s a lot to be done with it. " He made an eloquent motion with his hand, coughed, and began again more deliberately. "The invention I am going to show you means a bigger revolution in technical methods than Wart"s invention of the steam-engine. To give you its nature briefly, it provides, putting it theoretically, for the complete utilization of atomic energy."Bondy concealed a yawn. "But tell me, what have you been doing all these twenty years?" Marek glanced at him with some surprise."Modem science teaches that all matter—that is to say, its atoms—is composed of a vast number of units of energy. An atom is in reality a collection of electrons, i. e. of the tiniest particles of electricity.""That"s tremendously interesting," Bondy broke in. "I was always weak in physics, you know. But you"re not looking well, Marek. By the way, how did you happen to come by this playth. , this, er... factory?""I? Oh, quite by accident. I invented a new kind of filament for electric bulbs... But that"s nothing; I only came upon it incidentally. You see, for twenty years I"ve been working on the combustion of matter. Tell me yourself, Bondy, what is the greatest problem of modern industry?" "Doing business," said Bond. "And are you married yet?""I"m a widower," answered Marek, leaping up excitedly. "No, business has nothing to do with it, I tell you. It"s combustion. The complete utilization of the heat-energy contained in matter! Just consider that we use hardly one hundred-thousandth of the heat that there is in coal, and that could be extracted from it! Do you realize that?""Yes, coal is terribly dear!" said Mr. Bondy sapiently.Marek sat down and cried disgustedly, "Look here, if you haven"t come here about my Karburator, Bondy, you can go. ""Go ahead, then," Bondy returned, anxious to conciliate him.Marek rested his head in his hands, and after a struggle came out with, "For twenty years I"ve been working on it, and now—now, I"ll sell it to the first man who comes along! My magnificent dream! The greatest invention of all the ages! Seriously, Bondy, I tell you, it"s something really amazing.""No doubt, in the present wretched state of affairs," assented Bondy."No, without any qualification at all, amazing. Do you realize that it means the utilization of atomic energy without any residue whatever?""Aha," said Bondy. "So we"re going to do our heating with atoms. Well, why not? ... You"ve got a nice place here, Rudy. Small and pleasant. How many hands do you employ?" Marek took no notice. "You know," he said thoughtfully, "it"s all the same thing, whatever you call it—the utilization of atomic energy, or the complete combustion of matter, or the disintegration of matter. You can call it what you please.""I"m in favor of "combustion"!" said Mr. Bondy. "It sounds more familiar.""But "disintegration" is more exact—to break up the atoms into electrons, and harness the electrons and make them work. Do you understand that?""Perfectly," Bondy assured him. "The point is to harness them!""Well, imagine, say, that there are two horses at the ends of a rope, pulling with all their might in opposite directions. Do you know what you have then?""Some kind of sport, I suppose," suggested Mr. Bondy."No, a state of repose. The horses pull, but they stay where they are. And if you were to cut the rope—""—The horses would fall over," cried G. H. Bondy, with a flash of inspiration."No, but they would start running; they would become energy released. Now, pay attention. Matter is a team in that very position. Cut the bonds that hold its electrons together, and they will..." "Run loose!""Yes, but we can catch and harness them, don"t you see? Or put it to yourself this way: we burn a piece of coal, say, to produce heat. We do get a little heat from it, but we also get ashes, coal-gas, and soot. So we don"t lose the matter altogether, do we?""No. —Won"t you have a cigar?""No, I won"t. —But the matter which is left still contains a vast quantity of unused atomic energy. If we used up the whole of the atomic energy, we should use up the whole of the atoms. In short, the matter would vanish altogether. ""Aha! Now I understand.""It"s just as though we were to grind corn badly—as if we ground up the thin outer husk and threw the rest away, just as we throw away ashes. When the grinding is perfect, there"s nothing or next to nothing left of the grain, is there? In the same way, when there is perfect combustion, there"s nothing or next to nothing left of the matter we burn. It"s ground up completely. It is used up. It returns to its original nothingness. You know, it takes a tremendous amount of energy to make matter exist at all. Take away its existence, compel it not to be, and you thereby release an enormous supply of power. That"s how it is, Bondy. ""Aha. That"s not bad.""Pflüger, for instance, calculates that one kilogramme of coal contains twenty-three billions of calories. I think that Pflüger exaggerates.""Decidedly.""l have arrived at seven billions myself, theoretically. But even that signifies that one kilogramme of coal, if it underwent complete combustion, would run a good-sized factory for several hundred hours!""The devil it does!" cried Mr. Bondy, springing from his chair."I can"t give you the exact number of hours. I"ve been burning half a kilogramme of coal for six weeks at a pressure of thirty kilogrammetres and, man alive," said the engineer in a whisper, turning pale, "it"s still going on... and on... and on."Bondy was embarrassed; he stroked his smooth round chin. "Listen, Marek," he began, hesitatingly. "You"re surely.., er... a bit.., er... overworked."Marek"s hand thrust the suggestion aside. "Not a bit of it. If you"d only get up physics a bit,I could give you an explanation of my Karburator in which the combustion takes place. It involvesa whole chapter of advanced physics, you know. But you"ll see it downstairs in the cellar. I shovelled half a kilogramme of coal into the machine, then I shut it up and had it officially sealed in the presence of witnesses, so that no one could put any more coal in. Go and have a look at it for yourself—go on—go now! You won"t understand it, anyway, but—go down to the cellar! Go on down, man, I tell you!""Won"t you come with me?" asked Bondy in astonishment."No, you go alone. And... I say, Bondy... don"t stay down there long.""Why not?" asked Bondy, growing a trifle suspicious."Oh, nothing much. Only I have a notion that perhaps it"s not quite healthy down there. Turn on the light, the switch is just by the door. That noise down in the cellar doesn"t come from my machine. It works noiselessly, steadily, and without any smell... The roaring is only a ventilator. Well, now, you go on. I"ll wait here. Then you can tell me..."Bondy went down the cellar steps, quite glad to be away from that madman for a while (quite mad, no doubt whatever about it) and rather worried as to the quickest means of getting out of the place altogether. Why, just look, the cellar had a huge thick reinforced door just like an armourplated safe in a bank. And now let"s have a light. The switch was just by the door. And there in the middle of the arched concrete cellar, clean as a monastery cell, lay a gigantic copper cylinder resting on cement supports. It was closed on all sides except at the top, where there was a grating bedecked with seals. Inside the machine all was darkness and silence. With a smooth and regular motion the cylinder thrust forth a piston which slowly rotated a heavy fly-wheel. That was all. Only the ventilator in the cellar window kept up a ceaseless rattle.Perhaps it was the draught from the ventilator or something—but Mr. Bondy felt a peculiar breeze upon his brow, and an eerie sensation as though his hair were standing on end; and then it seemed。

2013年四川大学考研真题MTI考研真题翻译硕士

2013年四川大学MTI考研真题回忆版翻硕英语题型和2012年是一样一样滴前10道是替换后10道词汇语法反正也不会重复考就不多说了阅读第一篇是关于司法第二篇？？？三四篇是回答问题的那种第三篇是讲苏格拉底第四篇超级长问题却很简单害我浪费时间看了半天。

很诡异很诡异因为那人是个神经病我还记得主人公名字叫Marek 和 Bondy作文也是给了一篇文章说教育部出台了减负方案家长不乐意了不能让孩子输在起跑线上什么什么的老生常谈了让根据文章写作文翻译基础1.SAARC2.P5-plus-13.QE 34.Social media5.CO2 equivalent6.BRICS7.Mandatory evacuation8.UN General Assembly 67th Session9.Non-Aligned movement10.CDM11.Hamid karzai12.十八大13.移动媒体14.亚欧首脑会议15.光棍节16.早稻田大学17.海上风能18.反倾销与反补贴19.上海期货交易所20.车载信息系统21.伦敦金融城22.电视相亲23.文心雕龙还有7个想不起来了。

静候别的同学补充。

答案LZ犯懒就不贴了哈哈大家可以思考一下英译汉1. 罗素的文章网上有原文The misfortunes of humanbeings may be divided into two classes: First, those inflicted by the non-human environment and, second, those inflicted by other people. As mankind have progressed in knowledge and technique, the second class has become a continually increasing percentage of the total. In old times, famine, for example, was due to natural causes, and although people did their best to combat it, large numbers of them died of starvation. Atthe present moment large parts of the world are faced with the threat of famine, but although natural causes have contributed to the situation, the principal causes are human. For six years the civilized nations of the world devoted all their best energies to killing each other, and they find itdifficult suddenly to switch over to keeping each other alive. Having destroyed harvests, dismantled agricultural machinery, and disorganized shipping,they find it no easy matter to relieve the shortage of crops in one placeby means of a superabundance in another, as would easily be done if the economic system were in normal working order. As this illustration shows,it is now man that is man's worst enemy. Nature, it is true, still seesto it that we are mortal, but with the progress in medicine it will become more and more common for people to live until they have had their fill oflife. We are supposed to wish to live for ever and to look forward to theunending joys of heaven, of which, by miracle, the monotony will never grow stale. But in fact, if you question any candid person who is no longer young, he is very likely to tell you that, having tasted life in this world, hehas no wish to begin again as a 'new boy' in another. For the future, therefore, it may be taken that much the most important evils that mankind have to consider are those which they inflict upon each other through stupidityor malevolence or both.人的不幸可分为两类：第一类，乃由非人为的客观环境所造成，第二类，由他人所造成。

专业英语研究生期末考试(四川大学研究生考试样题)

XX大学计算机〔软件〕学院工程硕士考试试题〔2021——2021学年上学期〕课程号： _________课序号： ___________课程名称：专业英语任课教师：于中华适用专业：软件工程适用年级：____学生人数：________印题份数：______学号：______XX：_______考试须知XX大学学生参加由学校组织或由学院承办的各级各类考试，必须严格执行 ?XX大学考试工作管理方法?和?XX大学考场规那么? 。

有考试违纪作弊行为的，一律按照?XX大学学生考试违纪作弊处分规定?进展处理。

XX大学各级各类考试的监考人员，必须严格执行?XX大学考试工作管理方法?、?XX大学考场规那么?和?XX大学监考人员职责?。

有违反学校有关规定的，严格按照?XX大教学事故认定及处理方法?进展处理。

题号一二三四五六七八九十平时总分得分考试时间年月日阅卷教师签名I. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions. (10%)1._________ is used to communicate with another computer over telephone linesA. keyboardB .modemC. printer D. mouse2.__________is a device that enables the computer to handle sounds.A. network cardB. video cardC. sound cardD. monitor3. __________ refers to the parts of the computer that you can see and touch.A. SoftwareB. HardwareC. HardshipD. Instruction4. The display screen is the most common device used to show you what the computer isdoing.A. inputB. printingC. outputD. electronic5. _________ are programs that provide access to Web resourcesA. browsersB. databaseC. URLD. E-commerce6._________ is a word processing tool that helps you to create quality documents.A. Word 2003B. Outlook 2003C. Access 2003D. Excel 20037. __________ is a fast and powerful operating system, based on the UNIX O.S.A. Windows 2003B. Office 2003C. Windows 2003D. Linux8. A virus is a __________A. programB. computerC. bad manD. beast9. TCP/IP are the two standard protocols for communications on the __________.A. webB. computerC. InternetD. network10. B2C involves individuals selling to ___________.A. clientB. consumerC. corporationD. company1.() The CPU is the processor of a computer.2.() Windows NT is designed for replacement of Windows.3.() A computer is only connected by cable lines, such as telephone lines.4.() Air can be used to transit data.5.() Search engines help you to locate information on the Web6.() B2C involves individuals selling to individuals.7.() Databases are widely used8.() Oracle is the largest database system vendor in the world.9.() Complete access and complete security are good for information security10. () Portable computer can fit in a briefcase or even in the palm of your hand. III. Translation: English to Chinese (20%)1. CPU_____________________2. OS __________________________3. LAN_____________________4. B2B__________________________5. CEO_____________________6. ATM__________________________7. DBMS____________________8. URL__________________________9.personal computer _______________________________________10.storage device _________________________________________rmation exchanges ___________________________________12.protocol ______________________________________________13.broadband ____________________________________________14.browser _______________________________________________15.search engine __________________________________________16.update ________________________________________________17.Web Site _______________________________________________18.human resources _________________________________________19.environment _____________________________________________puter virus ___________________________________________1.() The CPU is the processor of a computer.2.() Windows NT is designed for replacement of Windows.3.() A computer is only connected by cable lines, such as telephone lines.4.() Air can be used to transit data.5.() Search engines help you to locate information on the Web6.() B2C involves individuals selling to individuals.7.() Databases are widely used8.() Oracle is the largest database system vendor in the world.9.() Complete access and complete security are good for information security10. () Portable computer can fit in a briefcase or even in the palm of your hand. III. Translation: English to Chinese (20%)1. CPU_____________________2. OS __________________________3. LAN_____________________4. B2B__________________________5. CEO_____________________6. ATM__________________________7. DBMS____________________8. URL__________________________9.personal computer _______________________________________10.storage device _________________________________________rmation exchanges ___________________________________12.protocol ______________________________________________13.broadband ____________________________________________14.browser _______________________________________________15.search engine __________________________________________16.update ________________________________________________17.Web Site _______________________________________________18.human resources _________________________________________19.environment _____________________________________________puter virus ___________________________________________1.() The CPU is the processor of a computer.2.() Windows NT is designed for replacement of Windows.3.() A computer is only connected by cable lines, such as telephone lines.4.() Air can be used to transit data.5.() Search engines help you to locate information on the Web6.() B2C involves individuals selling to individuals.7.() Databases are widely used8.() Oracle is the largest database system vendor in the world.9.() Complete access and complete security are good for information security10. () Portable computer can fit in a briefcase or even in the palm of your hand. III. Translation: English to Chinese (20%)1. CPU_____________________2. OS __________________________3. LAN_____________________4. B2B__________________________5. CEO_____________________6. ATM__________________________7. DBMS____________________8. URL__________________________9.personal computer _______________________________________10.storage device _________________________________________rmation exchanges ___________________________________12.protocol ______________________________________________13.broadband ____________________________________________14.browser _______________________________________________15.search engine __________________________________________16.update ________________________________________________17.Web Site _______________________________________________18.human resources _________________________________________19.environment _____________________________________________puter virus ___________________________________________1.() The CPU is the processor of a computer.2.() Windows NT is designed for replacement of Windows.3.() A computer is only connected by cable lines, such as telephone lines.4.() Air can be used to transit data.5.() Search engines help you to locate information on the Web6.() B2C involves individuals selling to individuals.7.() Databases are widely used8.() Oracle is the largest database system vendor in the world.9.() Complete access and complete security are good for information security10. () Portable computer can fit in a briefcase or even in the palm of your hand. III. Translation: English to Chinese (20%)1. CPU_____________________2. OS __________________________3. LAN_____________________4. B2B__________________________5. CEO_____________________6. ATM__________________________7. DBMS____________________8. URL__________________________9.personal computer _______________________________________10.storage device _________________________________________rmation exchanges ___________________________________12.protocol ______________________________________________13.broadband ____________________________________________14.browser _______________________________________________15.search engine __________________________________________16.update ________________________________________________17.Web Site _______________________________________________18.human resources _________________________________________19.environment _____________________________________________puter virus ___________________________________________。

四川大学外国语学院攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试参考样题

Part One I.
European and American Cultures (50 points)
Explain any THREE out of the following five terms IN ABOUT 50 WORDS each: (15 points) William the Conqueror Homer The War of Roses Martin Luther The melting pot
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
II. Fill in the blanks in the following to complete the idea: (10 points) 1. The full name of the United Kingdom is _____________________ . 2. Thanksgiving Day falls on _______, on which Americans give thanks for _ _____; the _. executive
5. The Bible is a collection of religious writings comprising two parts: the __________________ and the__________________. 6. The word “Renaissance” means _______________, it generally refers to the period in
本题共 5 页，此页为第 1 页
四川大学外国语学院攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试参考样题---英语专业综合知识
Western civilization between the ____________ and mid _______________century. 7. In the early 1930s, ___________________ brought poverty and humiliation to millions of people in the United States and Europe. 8. 9. The American War of Independence began in _____________ and ended in _________. The United States government form is based on the three main principles: Federalism, ___________________________________and ________________________________. 10. Henrik Ibsen was born in ________________, as the Father of Modern Drama he was famous for his “ __________ plays.”

[考研类试卷]2013年四川外国语大学英语翻译基础真题试卷.doc

[考研类试卷]2013年四川外国语大学英语翻译基础真题试卷英译汉1 MLA2 naturist3 Dubai4 CPPCC5 milieu therapy6 gild the lily7 unrighteous mammon8 mind style9 put on the new man10 Act of God11 Hills Like White Elephants12 tattooing13 CD14 build a castle in the air15 concerto汉译英16 反对派17 当选总统18 联合公报19 司法改革20 循环经济21 同业拆借22 小康社会23 老龄事业24 猎头公司25 个人所得税26 可再生能源27 包容式增长28 中非合作论坛29 钓鱼岛及其附属岛屿30 中国共产党第十八次全国代表大会英译汉31 Fanny, having been sent into the village on some errand by her aunt Norris, was overtaken by a heavy shower close to the Parsonage; and being descried from one of the windows endeavoring to find shelter under the branches and lingering leaves of an oak just beyond their premises, was forced, though not without some modest reluctance on her part, to come in. A civil servant she had withstood; but when Dr. Grant himself went out with an umbrella, there was nothing to be done but to be very much a-shamed, and to get into the house as fast as possible; and to poor Miss Crawford, who had just been contemplating the dismal rain in a very desponding state of mind, sighing over the ruin ofall her plan of exercise for that morning, and of every chance of seeing a single creature beyond themselves for the next twenty-four hours, the sound of a little bustle at the front door, and the sight of Miss Price dripping with wet in the vestibule, was delightful. The value of an event on a wet day in the country was most forcibly brought before her. She was all alive again directly, and among the most active in being useful to Fanny, in detecting her to be wetter than she would at first allow, and providing her with dry clothes; and Fanny, after being obliged to submit to all this attention, and to being assisted and waited on by mistresses and maids, being also obliged, on returning downstairs, to be fixed in their drawing-room for an hour while the rain continued, the blessing of something fresh to see and think of was thus extended to Miss Crawford, and might carry on her spirits to the period of dressing and dinner.汉译英32 人生据说是一部大书。

大学翻译硕士MTI历年考研真题-2013四川大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题(回忆版)(1)

2013四川大学翻译硕士MTI考研试题（回忆版）我尽量回忆全，水平太差，做题时间都不怎么够，整个状态都很紧张……所以记得不太全，以下顺序按记忆清晰程度排列。

一、汉语百科名词解释（25个）：1. 文艺复兴人文主义中世纪2. 易经形而上形而下3. 爱默生苏格拉底儒家4. 印度教伊斯兰教佛教5. 美国国会参议院众议院6. CPI PPI 通货膨胀7. 诺曼底登陆盟军第二战场8. 细胞学说能量守恒定律生物进化论马克思主义应用文：为某制药公司的中成药心血安康丸写说明书，450字左右。

考前看过一篇清热解毒丸的说明书倒是不难但我咋觉得要凑够450字那么不容易。

反正我应该是没够大作文：材料是今年关于央视“大裤衩”，苏州“秋裤楼”，以及传闻沈阳抚顺交界处即将修建的“大铁圈”等奇楼高楼引发的关于经济文化的质疑与思考，自拟题目800字。

二、英语翻译基础术语及缩略语翻译（30个）：P5+1，UNCTAD，SCO，CDM，BRICS，the 67th Session of the UN General Assembly 67th Session，fisical cliff，CO2 enquivalent，SAARC，QE 3，Social media，Mandatory evacuation，Non-Aligned movement，Hamid karzai中共十八大，移动媒体，亚欧首脑会议，光棍节，早稻田大学，海上风能，反倾销与反补贴，上海期货交易所，车载信息系统，伦敦金融城，电视相亲，文心雕龙英译汉：1. 罗素的文章网上有原文The misfortunes of humanbeings may be divided into two classes: First, thoseinflicted by the non-human environment and, second, those inflicted by otherpeople. As mankind have progressed in knowledge and technique, the secondclass has become a continually increasing percentage of the total. In oldtimes, famine, for example, was due to natural causes, and although peopledid their best to combat it, large numbers of them died of starvation. Atthe present moment large parts of the world are faced with the threat offamine, but although natural causes have contributed to the situation, theprincipal causes are human. For six years the civilized nations of the worlddevoted all their best energies to killing each other, and they find itdifficult suddenly to switch over to keeping each other alive. Having destroyedharvests, dismantled agricultural machinery, and disorganized shipping,they find it no easy matter to relieve the shortage of crops in one placeby means of a superabundance in another, as would easily be done if theeconomic system were in normal working order. As this illustration shows,it is now man that is man's worst enemy. Nature, it is true, still seesto it that we are mortal, but with the progress in medicine it will becomemore and more common for people to live until they have had their fill oflife. We are supposed to wish to live for ever and to look forward to theunending joys of heaven, of which, by miracle, the monotony will never growstale. But in fact, if you question any candid person who is no longer young, he is very likely to tell you that, having tasted life in this world, hehas no wish to begin again as a 'new boy' in another. For the future, therefore, it may be taken that much the most important evils that mankind have toconsider are those which they inflict upon each other through stupidityor malevolence or both.人的不幸可分为两类：第一类，乃由非人为的客观环境所造成，第二类，由他人所造成。

四川大学2013年博士研究生入学考试英语试题及答案

英语2013年试题四川大学2013 年博士研究生入学考试英语试题I. Reading Comprehension (30%; one mark each):Direction: Read the following six passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D, Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneOver the past several decades, the U.S., Canada, and Europe have received a great deal of media and even research attention over unusual phenomena and unsolved mysteries. These include UFOs as well as sightings and encounters with "nonhuman creatures" such as Bigfoot and the Loch Ness monster. Only recently has Latin America begun to receive some attention as well. Although the mysteries of the Aztec, Mayan, and Inca civilizations have been known for centuries, now the public is also becoming aware of unusual, paranormal phenomena in countries such as Peru.The Nazca "lines" of Peru Were discovered in the 1930s. These lines are deeply carved into a fiat, stony plain, and form about 300 intricate pictures of animals such as birds, a monkey, and a lizard. Seen at ground level, the designs area jumbled senseless mess. The images are so large that they can only be viewed at a height of 1,000 feet- meaning from an aircraft Yet there were no aircraft in 300 B.C., when it is judged the designs were made. Nor were there then, or are there now, any nearby mountain ranges from which to view them. So how and why did the native people of Nazca create these marvelous designs? One answer appeared in 1969, when the German researcher, and writer Erich yon Daniken proposed that the lines were drawn by extraterrestrials as runways for their aircraft. The scientific community did not take long to scoffat and abandon yon Daniken's theory. Over the years several other theories have been put forth, but none has been accepted by the scientific community.Today there is a new and heightened interest in the Nazca lines. It is a direct result of the creation of the Internet. Currently there are over 60 sites dedicated to this mystery from Latin America's past, and even respected scientists have joined the discussion through e-mail and chat rooms.Will the Intemet help explain these: unsolved mysteries? Perhaps it is a step in the right direction.1．Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?[A] Latin America has long received attention for unusual phenomena.[B] Public attention is now directed towards countries like Peru.[C] Public interest usually focuses on North America and Europe[D] Some ancient civilizations have unsolved mysteries.2．According to the passage, the Nasa lines were found_______[A] in mountains [B] in stones [C] on animals [D] on a plain3．We can infer from the passage that the higher the lines are seen, the______ the images they present.[A] smaller [B] larger [C] clearer [D] brighter4．There has been increasing interest in the Nazca lines mainly because of________.[A] the participation of scientists[B] the emergence of the Intemet[C] the birth of new theories[D] the interest in the Intemet5．The author is _______ about the role of the Intemet in solving mysteries.[A] cautious [B] pessimistic [C] uncertain [D] optimisticPassage TwoSocial circumstances in Early Modem England mostly served to repress women's voices. Patriarchal culture and institutions constructed them as chaste, silent, obedient, and subordinate. At the beginning of 17th century, the ideology of patriarchy, political absolutism, and gender hierarchy were reaffirmed powerfully by King James in The. Trew Law of Free Monarchie and the Basilikon Doron; by that ideology the absolute power of God the supreme patriarch was seen to be imaged in the absolute monarch of the state and in the husband and father of a family. Accordingly, a woman's subjection, first to her father and then to her husband, imaged the subjection of English people to their monarch, and of all Christians to God. Also, the period saw an outpouring of repressive or overtly misogynist sermons, tracts, and plays, detailing women's physical and mental defects, spiritual evils, rebelliousness, shrewishness, and natural inferiority to men.Yet some social and cultural conditions served to empower women. During the Elizabethan era (1558-1603) the culture was dominated by a powerful Queen, who provided an impressive female example though she left scant cultural space for other women Elizabethan women writers began to produce original texts but were occupied chiefly with translation. In the 17th century, however, various circumstances enabled women to write original texts in some numbers. For one thing, some counterweight to patriarchy was provided by female communities -- mothers and daughters, extended kinship networks, close female friends, the separate court of Queen Anne (King James's Consort) and her often oppositional masques and political activities. For another, most of these women had a reasonably good education (modem. languages, history, literature, religion, music, occasionally Latin) and some apparently found in romances and histories more expansive terms for imagining women's lives. Also, representation of vigorous and rebellious female characters in literature and especially on the stage no doubt helped to undermine any monolithic social construct of women's nature and role.Most important, perhaps, was the radical potential inherent in the Protestant insistence on every Christian's immediate relationship with God and primary responsibility to follow his or her individual conscience. There is plenty of support in St Paul's epistles and elsewhere in the Bible for patriarchy and a wife's subjection to her husband, but some texts (notably Galatians 3:28) inscribe a very different politics, promoting women's spiritual equality: "There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond nor free, there is neither male nor female: for ye are all one in Jesus Christ." Such texts encouraged some women to claim the support of God the supreme patriarch against the various earthly patriarchs who claimed to stand toward them in his Stead.There is also the gap or slippage between ideology and common experience. English women throughout the 17th century exercised a good deal of actual power: as managers of estates in their husbands' absences at court or on military and diplomatic missions; as members of guilds; as wives and mothers who sometimes dominated their men by sheer force of personality or outright defiance. Their power reached its apex during the English Civil War and Interregnum (1640-60) as the execution of the King and the attendant disruption of social hierarchies led many women-to seize new roles --as preachers, as prophetesses, as deputies for exiled royalist husbands, as writers of religious and political tracts.6．What is the best title for this passage?[A] Women's Position in the 17th Century.[B] Women's Subjection to Patriarchy.[C] Social Circumstances in the 17th Century.[D] Women's Objection in the 17th Century.7．What did the Queen Elizabeth do-for the women in culture?[A] She set an impressive female example to follow.[B] She dominated the culture.[C] She did little.[D] She allowed Women to translate something.8．Which of the following is Not mentioned as a reason to enable women to original texts?[A] Female communities provided some counterweight to patriarchy.[B] Queen Anne's political activities.[C] Most women had a good education.[D] Queen Elizabeth's political activities.9．What did the religion do for the women?[A] It did nothing.[B] It too asked women to be obedient except some texts.[C] It supported women.[D] It appealed to the God.10．What does the word "apex" mean in the last paragraph?[A] the lowest point [B] the end[C] ultimate [D] summitPassage ThreeI am afraid to sleep. I have been afraid to sleep for the last few weeks. I am so tired that, finally, I do sleep, but only for a few minutes. It is not a bad dream that wakes me; it is the reality I took with me into sleep. I try to think of something else.Immediately the woman in the marketplace comes into my mind.I was on my way to dinner last night when I saw her. She was selling skirts. She moved with the same ease and loveliness I often saw in the women of Laos. Her long black hair was as shiny as the black silk of the skirts she was selling. In her hair, she wore three silk ribbons, blue, green, and white. They reminded me of my childhood and how my girlfriends and I used to spend hours braiding ribbons into our hair.I don't know the word for "ribbons", so I put my hand to my own hair and, with three fingers against my head; I looked at her ribbons and said "Beautiful." She lowered her eyes and said nothing. I wasn't sure if she understood me (I don't speak Laotian very well).I looked back down at the skirts. They had designs in them: squares and triangles and circles of pink and green silk. They were very pretty. I decided to buy one of those skirts, and I began to bargain with her over the price. It is the custom to bargain in Asia. In Laos bargaining is done in soft voices and easy moves with the sort of quiet peacefulness.She smiled, more with her eyes than with her lips. She was pleased by the few words I was able to say in her language, although they were mostly numbers, and she saw that I understood something about the soft playfulness of bargaining. We shook our heads in disagreement over the price; then, immediately, we made another offer and then another shake of the head. She was so pleased that unexpectedly, she accepted the last offer I made. But it was too soon. The price was too low. She was being too generous and wouldn't make enough money. I moved quickly and picked up two more skirts and paid for all three at the price set; that way I was able to pay her three times as much before she had a chance to lower the price for the larger purchase. She smiled openly then, and, for the first time in months, my spirit lire& I almost felt happy.The feeling stayed with me while she wrapped the skirts in a newspaper and handed them to me. When I left though, the feeling left, too. It was as though it stayed behind in marketplace. I left tears in my throat. I wanted to cry. I didn't, of course.I have learned to defend myself against what is hard; without knowing it, I have also learned to defend myself against what is soft and what should be easy.I get up, light a candle and want to look at the skirts. They are still in the newspaper that the woman Wrapped them in. I remove the paper, and raise the skirts up to look at them again before I pack them. Something falls to floor. I reach down and feel something cool in my hand. I move close to the candlelight to see what I have. There are five long silk ribbons in my hand, all different colors. The woman in the maketplace! She has given these ribbons to me!There is no defense against a generous spirit, and this time I cry, and very hard, as if I could make up for all the months that I didn't cry.11．Which of the following in NOT correct?[A] The writer was not used to bargaining.[B] People in Asia always bargain when buying things.[C] Bargaining in Laos was quiet and peaceful.[D] The writer was ready to bargain with the woman.12 ．The writer assumed that the woman accepted the last offer mainly becausewoman_______.[A] thought that the last offer was reasonable[B] thought she could still make much money[C] was glad that the writer knew their way of bargaining[D] was fired of bargaining with the writer any more13．Why did the writer finally decide to buy three skirts?[A] The skirts were cheap and pretty.[B] She liked the patterns on the skirts.[C] She wanted to do Something as compensation.[D] She was fed up with further bargaining with the woman.14．When did the writer left the marketplace, she wanted to cry, but did not because_______.[A] she had learned to stay cool and unfeeling[B] she was afraid of crying in public[C] she had learned to face difficulties bravely[D] she had to show in public that she was strong15．Why did the writer cry eventually when she looked at the skirts again?[A] she suddenly felt very sad.[B] she liked the ribbons so much.[C] she was overcome by emotion.[D] She felt sorry for the woman.Passage FourWhen one looks back upon the fifteen hundred years that are the life span of the English language, he should be able to notice a number of significant truths. The history of our language has always been a history of constant change --at times a slow, almost imperceptible change, at other times a violent collision between two languages. Our language has always been a living growing organism, it has never been static. Another significant truth that emerges from such a study is that language at all times has been the possession not of one class or group but of many. At one extreme it has been the property of the common, ignorant folk, who have used it in the daily business of their living, much as they have used their animals or the kitchen pots and pans. At the other extreme it has been the treasure of those who have respected it as an instrument and a sign of civilization, and who have struggled by writing it down to give it some permanence, order, dignity, and if possible, a little beauty.As we consider our changing language, we should note here two developments that are of special and immediate importance to us. One is that since the time of the Anglo-Saxons there has been an almost complete reversal of the different devices for showing the relationship of words in a sentence. Anglo-Saxon (old English) was a language of many inflections. Modem English has few .inflections. We must now depend largely on word order and function words to convey the meanings that the older language did by means of changes in the forms of words. Function words, you should understand, are words such as prepositions, conjunctions, and a few others that are used primarily to show relationships among other words. A few inflections, however, have survived. And when some word inflections come into conflict with word order, there may be trouble for the users of the language, as we shall see later when we turn our attention to such maters as WHO or WHOM and ME or I. The second fact we must consider is that as language itself changes, our attitudes toward language forms change also. The eighteenth century, for example, produced from various sources a tendency to fix the language into patterns not always set in and grew, until at the present time there is a strong tendency to restudy and re-evaluate language practices in terms of the ways in which people speak and write.16．In contrast to the earlier linguists, modern linguists tend to_______.[A] attempt to continue the standardization of the language[B] evaluate language practices in terms of current speech rather than standards or proper patterns[C] be more concerned about the improvement of the language than its analysis or history[D] be more aware of the roles of the language usage17．Choose the appropriate meaning for the word "inflection" used in paragraph 2:______[A] changes in the forms of words.[B] changes in sentence structures.[C] changes in spelling roles.[D] words that have similar meanings.18．Which of the following statements is Not mentioned in the passage?[A] It is generally believed that the year 1500 can be set as the beginning of the modem English language.[B] Some other languages had great influence on the English language at some stages of its development.[C] The English language has been and still in a state of relatively constant change.[D] Many classes or groups have contributed to the development of the English language. 19．The author of these paragraphs is probably a (an)_______.[A] historian [B] philosopher [C] anthropologist [D] linguist20．Which of the following can be best used as the title of the passage?[A] The history of the English language.[B] Our changing attitude towards the English language.[C] Our changing language.[D] Some characteristics of modem English.Passage FiveWe know very little about pain and what we don't know makes it hut all the more. Indeed, no form of illiteracy in the United States is so widespread or costly as ignorance about pain what it is, what causes it, how to deal with it without panic. Almost everyone can rattle off tile names of at least a dozen drugs that can deaden pain from every conceivable cause all the way from headaches to hemorrhoids.There is far less knowledge about the fact that about 90 percent of pain is self limiting, that it is not always an indication of poor health, and that, most frequently, it is the result of tension, stress, worry, idleness, boredom, frustration, suppressed rage, insufficient sleep, overeating, poorly balanced diet, smoking, excessive drinking, inadequate exercise, stale air, or any of the other abuses encountered by the human body in modem society.The most ignored fact of all about pain is that the best way to eliminate it is to eliminate the abuse. Instead, many people reach almost instinctively for the painkillers -- aspirins, barbiturates, codeines, tranquilizers, sleeping pills, and dozens of other analgesics or desensitizing drugs.Most doctors are profoundly troubled over the extent to which the medical profession today is taking on the trappings of a pain-killing industry. Their offices are overloaded with people who are morbidly but mistakenly convinced that something dreadful is about to happen to them. It is all too evident that the campaign to get people to run for a doctor at the first sign of pain has boomeranged. Physicians find it difficult to give adequate attention to patients genuinely in need of expert diagnosis and treatment because their time is soaked up by people who have nothing wrong with them except a temporary indisposition or a psychogenic ache.Patients tend to feel indignant, and insulted if the physician tells them he can find no organic cause for the pain. They tend to interpret the term "psychogenic" to mean that they are complaining of nonexistent symptoms. They need to be educated about the fact that many cases of pain have no underlying physical cause but are the result, as mentioned earlier, of tension, stress, or hostile factors in the general environment. Sometimes a pain may be a manifestation of "conversion hysteria", the name given by Jean Charcot to physical symptoms that have their origins in emotional disturbances.Obviously, it is folly for an individual to ignore symptoms that could be a warning of a potentially serious illness. Some people are so terrified of getting bad news from a doctor that they allow their malaise to worsen, sometimes past the point of no return. Total neglect is not the answer to hypochondria. They only answer has to be increased education about the way the human body works, so that more people will be able to steer an intelligent course between promiscuous pill popping and irresponsible disregard of genuine symptoms.Of all forms of pain, none is more important for the individual to understand than the "threshold" variety. Almost everyone has a telltale, ache that is triggered whenever tension or fatigue reaches a certain point, it can take the form of a migraine type headache or a squeezing pain deep in the abdomen or cramps or even pain in the joints. The individual who has learned how to make the correlation between such threshold pains, And their cause doesn't panic when they occur; he or she does something about relieving the stress and tension.If the pain persists despite the absence of apparent Catlse, the individual will telephone the doctor.21．What does the sentence "It is all too evident..." (Paragraph 4) mean?[A] It is obviously true that people should consult a doctor as soon as they feel pain.[B] It is useless to ask people to seek advice from doctors the minute they feel painful.[C] The suggestion that people go to see a doctor immediately if they feel pain has some bad effect.[D] The campaign against pain will be lost if people don't go to see a doctor when theyfeel pain.22．A hypochondria is someone who________.[A] ignores doctor's advice and warnings[B] is afraid of going to see doctors[C] always complain about having symptoms that don't actually exist[D] always telltales pain-killers23．It can be concluded from the passage that ________.[A] most cares of pain are caused by hysteria[B] if a pain isn't organic, it's very likely to be psychogenic[C] pain-killing industry won't be encouraged in the future[D] doctors seldom prescribe pain-killers to patients24．They author wrote this article to ________.[A] explain how pain-killers work[B] call for understanding between doctors and patients[C] illustrate the harm of taking too much pain-killers[D] teach the right attitude to pain25．What does the word "telltale" (Paragraph 7) mean?[A] not obvious [B] scary. [C] not precise [D] gorgeousPassage SixAldous Huxley was a most unfortunate man. When he died in 1963 he must have expired in the confident belief that the event would be given wide coverage in the press the next day. After all, his career had not been without distinction. Where he made his big mistake was in dying on the same day that John F. Kennedy was assassinated. As a result Huxley got about three column inches at the bottom of page 27.In the same way the death of Victor Farris has gone widely unnoticed because he foolishly shuffled off this mortal coil at the same time as Mr. Konstantin Cherenkov. Now, as you all know, Victor Farris was the chap who invented the paper clip. The paper milk carton too. And paper clips and milk cartons will be in use long. after everyone has forgotten the name of the comrade who came between Andropov and whatever this new bloke is called.The same goes for the inventor of the supermarket trolley who died in Switzerland a few months ago. Fell off his trolley, so to speak. For all I know, he may be a household name in his own canton and they are putting up a statue of home wheeling his trolley, and are going to commemorate him on one of those ever-so-tasteful Swiss postage stamps we used to collect when we were younger and wiser, but I doubt if his name will be remembered outside the borders of his small country. Personally I forgot it within minutes of reading of his decease.Not that it matters. Somehow it is hard to imagine things like paper clips and supermarket trolleys having had a named inventor. It's like discovering that at a particular moment of history a particular person invented the spoon, or the chair, or socks. One assumes that these everyday objects just happened, or evolved through natural selection.It isn't necessarily so. I read only the other day that Richard II invented the handkerchief. Almost everything else was invented either by Leonardo da Vinci (scissors, bicycles, helicopters, and probably spoons, socks and the Rubik cube as well) or by Benjamin Franklin (lightning-conductor, rocking-chair, bifocals) or else by Joseph Stalin (television).It's quite possible that Leonardo or Benjamin Franklin or Stalin also invented the supermarket trolley. Certainly it has been invented more than once. Hardly was Herr Edelweiss (or whatever the Swiss chap was called) in his grave, than news came of the death of Sylvan N. Goodman at the age of 86. Sylvan also invented the supermarket trolley or, as the Los Angeles Times report calls it, the shopping cart.Be that as it may, Herr Edelweiss or Sylvan Goodman, or both, did a grand job and made supermarket shopping far less hellish than it would otherwise be. The next step will be to get the trolleys out of the shops and into the streets. You could put an engine in the front and call it a car. Or give it big wheels and a canopy and call it a pram. The possibilities are endless.26．It can be inferred from the passage that Herr Edelweiss_______[A] was remembered by the people all over world[B] made a lot of money from his invention[C] was not very famous[D] was a business partner of Sylvan Goodman27．The author writes this article in order to illustrate that_______ .[A] the names of the people who invented the most useful things are usually forgotten[B] everyday objects are invented and evolve through natural selection[C] many everyday objects are invented more than once[D] many famous people have passed away without being noticed28．Who probably invented spoons?[A] Leonardo da Vinci. [B] Benjamin Franklin. [C] Victor Farris. [D] A person unknown. 29．By stating that Leonardo da Vinci invented helicopters, the author means______[A] he really did it[B] he is a military scientist[C] he painted in one of his masterpieces a helicopters[D] people turn to ascribe inventions to him but they are wrong.30．What can be inferred about Aldous Huxley?[A] His death Was not reported by the press.[B] He was a famous inventor.[C] He made a very. big mistake in his late years.[D] He died on the same day as John F. Kennedy.II. Vocabulary ( 10%: 0.5 mark each)31．_______ the sight of the police officers, the men ran off.[A] In [B] At [C] on [D] With32．_______the wall, we decided that we should need three tins of paint.[Al Making up [B] Doing up [C] Putting up [D] Sizing up33．_______ the whole, early American city planning was excellent.[A] In [B] From [C] On [D] Above34．_______ we are having these days![A] What a lovely weather [B] What lovely weathers[C] What lovely weather [D] What lovely a weather35．________, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.[A] Other things being equal [B] Were other things equal[C] To be equal to other things [D] Other things to be equal36．________, he does not love her.[A] As he likes her very much [B] Though much he likes her[C] Much although he likes her [B] Much though he likes her37．A drunk man walked in, ________ in appearance.[A] repulsive [B] reluctant [C] reproachful [D] reputed38．A good many houses, ________ knocked down by the earthquake.[A] was [B] were [C] is [D] are39．A good teacher must know how to ________ his ideas.[A] convey [B] display [C] consult [D] confront40．A large part of human activity, particularly in relation to the environment, is ___conditions or events.[A] in response to [B] in favor of [C] in contrast to [D] in excess of41．Due to personality________, the two colleagues never got on well in work.[A] contradiction [B] conflict [C] confrontation [D] competition42．During the summer vacation, kids are often seen hanging ________ in the streets.[A] about [B] on [C] over [D] out43．There were 150________ at the international conference this summer.[A] spectators [B] viewers [C] participants [D] onlookers44．School started on a ________ cold day in February.[A] severe [B] bitter [C] such [D] frozen45．In the face of unexpected difficulties, he demonstrated a talent for quick, ________ action.[A] determining [B] defensive [C] demanding [D] decisive46．The team has been working overtime on the research project________.[A] lately [B] just now [C] late [D] long ago47．Because of the economic crisis, industrial output in the region remained ________.[A] motionless [B] inactive [C] stagnant [D] immobile48．The police had difficulty in ________ the fans from rushing on to the stage to take photos with the singer.[A] limiting [B] restraining [C] confining [D] restricting49．Joan is in the dorm, putting the final _______ to her speech.[A] details [B] remarks [C] comments [D] touches50．His ________ in gambling has eventually brought about his min.[A] indulgence [B] habit [C] action [D] engagement。

四川大学2013年英语英语语言文学方向考研试题回忆版

四川大学2013年英语英语语言文学方向考研试题回忆版综英部分一、欧洲文化和美国文化1.名词解释Gulf WarMarshall PlanHarlem RenaissanceNoah’s ArkGothic2.简答题1) Why consider Martin Luther more of a humanist than a religious leader? (no more than150words)2) Try to explain in America the 1960s-70s is “the decades of change”. (no more than150words)3.问答题How do you think Barack Obama rise to presidency？(no more than 400 words)二、英美文学1.名词解释Lord of the FliesWilliam BlakeDeterminism in American Naturalistic FictionJohn KeatsLight of August2.选择题（不做回忆了这个，考了一些流派的内容）3.简答题Briefly comment on “I wondered lonely as a cloud” by William Wordsworth.Make a comment on Ernest Hemmingway’s work “A Farewell to Arms”.三、语言学1.名词解释arbitrariness & motivationillocutionary actideal speakertextual functiondescriptive adequacy2.下定义&举例blendinghomonymyloanwordbound morphemestylistic meaning3.简答题What are the three types of homonymy?What does pragmatic reasoning mean?4.问答题有些人认为中文是原始的语言，表意不咋清楚，又没什么逻辑性，不像欧洲的语言更高等，句子结构严谨（blablabla~~~）你同意这个观点吗？说明同意或不同意的原因。

2013年考研英语(一)、(二)真题、答案及解析[完整版]

2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题National Entrance Test of English for MA/MS Candidates(NETEM)Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgment which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorized that a judges 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 .He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviews had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five .This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardized exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or herDr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20.1.[A] grants [B]submits [C]transmits [D]delivers2.[A]minor [B]objective [C]crucial [D]external3.[A]issue [B]vision [C]picture [D]moment4.[A]For example [B]On average [C]In principle [D]Above all5.[A]fond [B]fearful [C]capable [D]thoughtless6.[A]in [B]on [C]to [D]for7.[A]if [B]until [C]though [D]unless8.[A]promote [B]emphasize [C]share [D]test9.[A]decision [B]quality [C]status [D]success10.[A]chosen [B]studied [C]found [D]identified11. [A]exceptional [B]defensible [C]replaceable [D]otherwise12. [A]inspired [B]expressed [C]conducted [D]secured13. [A]assigned [B]rated [C]matched [D]arranged14. [A]put [B]got [C]gave [D]took15. [A]instead [B]then [C]ever [D]rather16. [A]selected [B]passed [C]marked [D]introduced17. [A]before [B]after [C]above [D]below18. [A]jump [B]flat [C]drop [D]fluctuate19. [A]achieve [B]undo [C]maintain [D]disregard20. [A]promising [B]possible [C]necessary [D]helpfulSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decades or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quckier turnrounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers tosee clothes as disposal— meant to last only a wash or two, alth ough they don’t advertise that—and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking all industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a 5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage, overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amount of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable, and wasteful,” Cline argues, Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year—about 64 items per person—and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named SKB, who, since 2008 has make all of her own clothes—and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example, can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment—including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection Line—Cline believes lasting-change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford to it.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her ______.[A] poor bargaining skill [B] insensitivity to fashion[C] obsession with high fashion [D] lack of imagination22. According to Cline, mass-market labels urge consumers to ______.[A] combat unnecessary waste [B] shut out the feverish fashion world[C] resist the influence of advertisements [D] shop for their garments more frequently23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A] accusation. [B] enthusiasm. [C] indifference. [D] tolerance.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A] V anity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text?[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT; Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before.Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, blogged: “we believe consumers should have more control.” Could it really be that simple?26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to ______.[A] ease competition among themselves [B] lower their operational costs[C] avoid complaints from consumers [D] provide better online services27. “The industry” (Line 6,Para.3) refers to ______.[A] online advertisers [B] e-commerce conductors[C] digital information analysis [D] internet browser developers28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default ______.[A] many cut the number of junk ads [B] fails to affect the ad industry[C] will not benefit consumers [D] goes against human nature29. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph.6?[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads30. The author’s attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of ______.[A] indulgence [B] understanding [C] appreciation [D] skepticismText 3Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years—so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species’place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years. Look up Homo sapiens in the “Red List” of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: “Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.”So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organizations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today’s technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it’s perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by ______.[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment [B] our faith in science and technology[C] our awareness of potential risks [D] our belief in equal opportunity32. The IUCN’s “Red List” suggest that human being are ______.[A] a sustained species [B] a threaten to the environment[C] the world’s dominant power [D] a misplaced race33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.[B] Technology offers solutions to social problem.[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.[D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to ______.[A] explore our planet’s abundant resources[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world[C] draw on our experience from the past [D] curb our ambition to reshape history35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Uncertainty about Our Future [B] Evolution of the Human Species[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind [D] Science, Technology and HumanityText 4On a five to three vote，the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Construction, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset. The balance of power between the federal government and the states.In Arizona v United States ，the majority overturned three of the four contested provision of Arizena’s controversial plan plan to have states and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Construction principles that Washington alone has power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization” and that federal laws precede states laws are noncontroversial. Arizona had attempted to fashion state polices that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthory Kennedy，joined by Chief Justice John Robrts and the Court’s liberals，ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. on the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately “occupied the field”and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.However，the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement .That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with federal statute. The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion of federal executive power”. The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities ,even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter .In effect, the White House claimed that it claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.36. The provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they ______.[A]deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers[B]disturbed the power balance between different states[C]overstepped the authority of federal immigration law[D]contradicted both the federal and state policies37. On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph 4?[A]Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’ information[B]States’ independence from federal immigration law[C]States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement[D]Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts ______.[A]violated the Constitution [B]undermined the states’ interests[C]supported the federal statute [D]stood in favor of the states39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement ______.[A] Outweighs that held by the states [B] Is dependent on the states’ support[C] Is established by federal statutes [D] Rarely goes against state laws40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.（10 points）The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005, there were almost half a millionprofessional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010, the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges including climate change, security, sustainable development and health. (41)__________ Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger, from genetically engineered crops to artificial fertilizers. Here, too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.(42)__________This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radical innovation without creative destruction.Today, the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates, rather than on topics with external impact.Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental changed” or “climate change” have increased rapidly since 2004, (43)__________ When social scientists do tackle practical issues, their scope is often local: Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example. And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)__________ this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate.The trick is to direct these funds better. The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists. This year, it was proposed that system be changed: Horizon 2020, a new program to be enacted in 2014,would not have such a category ,This has resulted in protests from social scientists. But the intention is not to neglect social science; rather, the complete opposite. (45) __________That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem- oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy briefs.[B] However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these keywords.[C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.[D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior. All require behavioral change and social innovations, as well as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.[F] Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.[G] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate-varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations, it is about 15%.Section III TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge;(46) yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which isa distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the former becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49)most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New Y ork City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated”sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.Section IV WritingPart A51. Directions:Write an email of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address.Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly, 2) interpret its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.（20 points）2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题答案Section I Use of English (10 points)1-5. ADCAB 6-10. BADDA 11-15. DCBDB 16-20. CACBCSection II Reading Comprehension (50 points)Part A (40 points) 21-25. BDADC 26-30. BDCAD 31-35. BADCC 36-40. CCDAD Part B (10 points) 41-45. EFBGCSection ⅢTranslation (10 points)46. 然而，当人们观看那些由无家可归的人创建的花园的照片时，人们能会深深的震撼。

[考研类试卷]2013年四川大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷.doc

[考研类试卷]2013年四川大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷一、Vocabulary1 Presumably, excessive consumption of fried foods has serious consequences as has been proved.（A）Theoretically（B）Practically（C）Incredibly（D）Probably2 Silk, although it is considered a delicate fabric, is in fact very strong, but it is adversely affected by sunlight.（A）soft（B）sheer（C）fragile（D）refined3 It is anticipated that this contract will substantially increase sales over the next three years.（A）apparently（B）slightly（C）considerably（D）steadily4 Wives tend to believe that their husbands are infinitely resourceful and versatile.（A）diligent（B）capable（C）clever（D）perfect5 What is at fault in our present system is not the outcome but the fallible procedure.（A）sublime（B）erroneous（C）plausible（D）impeccable6 What he expressed as a mere supposition was taken by others as a positive statement.（A）suspect（B）surmise（C）suspicion（D）surrender7 Her office in the First National Bank building is provisional.（A）permanent（B）temporary（C）corrupt（D）craven8 Any troop of wild animals should be approached warily.（A）fearlessly（B）confidently（C）silently（D）prudently9 Mr. Johnson was a passionate person filled with an incredible dynamism. （A）energy（B）endurance（C）effort（D）endeavor10 Among the lowest of the judicial ranks, justices of the peace nevertheless frequently exercise jurisdiction over a variety of misdemeanors.（A）guidance（B）sovereignty（C）authority（D）suzerainty11 The general opinion is that he is______to complain.（A）so much a milquetoast（B）too a milquetoast（C）too much of a milquetoast（D）so much of a milquetoast12 The ozone layer plays as great a role in the stability of spaceship Earth as______the waters of its lakes, ponds, oceans, rivers, and streams.（A）do（B）does（C）play（D）are13 Perhaps I should not have done so, but I changed my mind about the new job even though I was ______last week.（A）to be started（B）to have started（C）to have been starting（D）start14 Despite an overlay of quasi-literary French vocabulary stemming from the Norman Invasion of 1066, the daily vocabulary of English remained Germanic, ______its grammatical structure.（A）the same are（B）and so are（C）as did（D）and so were15 Although money is always useful, it isn't all______.（A）what there is to life（B）to which there is in life（C）there is to life（D）that is in life16 ______ever so humble, there's no place like home.（A）It be（B）Be it（C）It was（D）Was it17 Although women duster to him like moths around a flame, he is none ______ happier for it.（A）but（B）the（C）much（D）any18 Professor Jeffrey's lecture on the recycling of waste paper and other garbage will show ______can still be improved.（A）that the municipal authorities have done（B）how those the municipal authorities have done（C）how what the municipal authorities have done（D）that how the municipal authorities have done19 Most insulation devices of this kind,______manufactured for such purposes, are extremely expensive to install.（A）that are（B）which is（C）those are（D）as are20 The detective watched and saw the suspect______a hotel at the corner of the street. （A）getting off the taxi and walking into（B）got off the taxi and walked into（C）get off the taxi and walk into（D）got off the taxi to walk into二、Reading Comprehension20 An important point in the development of a governmental agency is the codification of its controlling practices. The study of law or jurisprudence is usually concerned with the codes, and practices of specific governments, past or present. It is also concerned with certain questions upon which a functional analysis of behavior has somebearing. What is a law? What role does a law play in governmental control? In particular, what effect does it have upon the behavior of the controller and of the members of the governmental agency itself?A law usually has two important features. In the first place, it specifies behavior. The behavior is usually not described topographically but rather in terms of its effect upon others—the effect that is the object of governmental control. When we are told, for example, that an individual has " committed perjury" , we are not told what he has actually said. "Robbery" and "assault" do not refer to specific forms of response. Only properties of behavior which are aversive to others are mentioned—in perjury the lack of a customary correspondence between a verbal response and certain factual circumstances, in robbery the removal of positive reinforces, and in assault the aversive character of physical injury. In the second place, a law specifies or implies a consequence, usually punishment. A law is thus a statement of a contingency of reinforcement maintained by a governmental agency. The contingency may have prevailed as a controlling practice prior to its codification as a law, or it may represent a new practice which goes into effect with the passage of the law. Laws are thus both descriptions of past practices and assurances of similar practices in the future. A law is a rule of conduct in the sense that it specifies the consequences of certain actions which in turn "rule" behavior.The effect of a law upon the controlling agency. The government of a large group requires an elaborate organization, the practices of which may be made more consistent and effective by codification. How codes of law affect governmental agents is the principal subject of jurisprudence. The behavioral processes are complex, although presumably not novel. In order to maintain or "enforce" contingencies of governmental control, an agency must establish the fact that an individual has behaved illegally and must interpret a code to determine the punishment. It must then carry out the punishment. These labors are usually divided among special subdivisions of the agency. The advantages gained when the individual is "not under man but under law" have usually been obvious, and the great codifiers of law occupy places of honor in the history of civilization. Codification does not, however, change the essential nature of governmental action nor remedy all its defects.21 In the development of a government agency, ______.（A）the standard on which the judgment may be made is more important than the actual application of this judgment（B）the function of law is important（C）the study of ordinance is the most important（D）practice is more important than criterion22 One of the prominent characteristics of a law is______.（A）the result on the individual's behavior on which a restraining influence is being exercised（B）the result of a behavior on the members of the governmental agency（C）the result of a behavior on ordinary citizens（D）Both A and B23 What does the example "committed perjury" illustrate?（A）The law will examine closely what the individual said in court.（B）It illustrates that the law only has something to say when behavior has negative effects on others.（C）Behavior which tends to avoid punishing stimulus will not be explicitly specified by law.（D）Both B and C24 The other distinguishing trait of the law is______.（A）punishment is carried out by the courts at all levels（B）rules and court practices initiated by a governmental agency are specifically designed to increase government control（C）a system of rules governing a conduct, activity or event incidental by nature （D）any governmental reinforcement25 How does codification of the laws affect governmental agents?（A）The law will be interpreted objectively rather than subjectively.（B）Government agencies have to compromise with factual conditions.（C）Occasionally, governmental agencies have to redress, correct or adapt a law for their benefit.（D）Laws can not be altered or modified but they can be incremented with new court decisions and also through jurisprudence.25 " Sloganeering" did not originate in the 1960s. The term has a rich history. It originated from the Gaelic word slaughgharim, which signified a " host-shout," " war cry," or " gathering word or phrase of one of the old Highland clans; hence the shout or battle cry of soldiers in the field. " English-speaking people began using the term by 1704. The term at the time meant "the distinctive note, phrase, or cry of any person or body of persons. " Slogans were common throughout the European continent during the middle ages, and they were utilized primarily as "passwords to insure proper recognition of individuals at night or in the confusion of battle. " The American revolutionary rhetoric would not have been the same without "the Boston Massacre," "the Boston Tea Party," "the shot heard around the world," and shouts of "no taxation without representation".Slogans operate in society as " social symbols" and, as such, their intended or perceived meaning may be difficult to grasp and their impact or stimulation may differ between and among individuals and groups.Because slogans may operate as " significant symbols" or as key words that have a standard meaning in a group, they serve both expressive and persuasive functions. Harold Lasswell recognized that the influencing of collective attitudes is possible by the manipulation of significant symbols such as slogans. He believed that a verbal symbol might evoke a desired reaction or organize collective attitudes around a symbol. Murray Edelman writes that "to the political scientist patterning or consistency in the context in which specific groups of individuals use symbols is crucial, for only through such patterning do common political meaning and claims arise. " Thus, the slogans a group uses to evoke specific responses may provide us with an index for the group's norm, values, and conceptual rationale for its claims.Slogans are so pervasive in today's society that it is easy to underestimate their persuasive power. They have grown in significance because of the medium of television and the advertising industry. Television, in addition to being the major advertising medium, has altered the nature of human interaction. Political images are less personal and shorter. They function as summaries and conclusions rather than bases for publicinteraction and debate. The style of presentation in television is more emotional, but the content is less complex or ideological. In short, slogans work well on television.The advertising industry has made a science of sloganeering. Today, communication itself is a problem because we live in an " overcommunicated" society. Advertisers have discovered that it is easier to link product attributes to existing beliefs, ideas, goals, and desires of the consumer rather than to change them. Thus, to say that a cookie tastes "homemade" or is as good as "Mom used to make" does not tell us if the cookie is good or bad, hard or soft, but simply evokes the fond memories of Mother's baking. Advertisers, then, are more successful if they present a product in a way that capitalizes on established beliefs or expectations of the consumer. Slogans do this well by crystallizing in a few words the key idea or theme one wants to associate with an issue, group, product, or event. "Sloganeering" has become institutionalized as a virtual art form, and an advertising a-gency may spend months testing and creating the right slogan for a product or a person.Slogans have a number of attributes that enhance their persuasive potential for social movements. They are unique and readily identifiable with a specific social movement or social movement organization. "Gray Power," for instance, readily identifies the movement for elderly Americans, and "Huelga"(strike in Spanish)identifies the movement to aid Mexican American field workers in the west and southwest.26 "Sloganeering" stems from a word that was used______.（A）in the United States（B）in the Ireland（C）on the European continent（D）frequently in revolutionary rhetoric27 What is the writer's main purpose?（A）To explain the history of slogans.（B）To explain the persuasiveness of slogans.（C）To explain how slogans have changed.（D）To explain how slogans are used on television.28 Because slogans are "social symbols" they______.（A）can have different meanings in different cultural and economic settings（B）are widely used as status symbols（C）can be used to demonstrate high social standing（D）are perceived as difficult to grasp29 Lasswell's and Edelman's studies are important in that they______.（A）believe that a verbal symbol might evoke a desired reaction（B）demonstrate that patterning and consistency is crucial to the use of symbols（C）organize collective attitudes around a symbol（D）demonstrate a culture's principles are indicated by the slogans which are used30 Television______.（A）has distorted the purpose of slogans（B）has kept consistent the nature of human interaction（C）has made political images personal and shorter（D）utilizes slogans well30 Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage. Use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your answer sheet.THE WISDOM OF SOCRATESI will try to explain to you what has given rise to these slanders and given me a bad name. Listen then. Some of you will think that I am joking, but I assure you that I will tellyou the whole truth. I have gained this bad reputation, Athenians, simply by reason of a certain kind of wisdom. What kind of wisdom? It is by that sort of wisdom which is possible to men. It may be that in having that I am really wise. But the men of whom I was speaking just now must be wise in a wisdom which is greater than human wisdom, or in some way which I cannot describe since I know nothing of it myself; and if any man says that I do know anything of superhuman wisdom, he lies and wants to slanderme.(Interruptions.)Do not interrupt me, Athenians, even if you think that I am speaking arrogantly I am going to say something which is not my own. I will tell you who says it and he deserves to be believed by you. I will bring the god of Delphi to be the witness of the fact of my wisdom and of its nature. You remember Chaerephon. From youth upwards he was my comrade. You remember his character. He was impetuous. Once he went to Delphi and ventured to put this question to the Oracle—(interruptions)—I entreat you again, my friends, not to cry out-he asked if there was any man who was wiser than I, and the priestess answered that them was no man. Chaerephon himself is dead, but his brother here will confirm what I say.Why do I tell you this? I am going to explain to you the origin of my unpopularity. When I heard what the Oracle had said I began to reflect. What could God mean by this dark saying? I knew very well that I was not wise, even in the smallest degree. Then what could he mean by saying that I was the wisest of men? It cannot be that he was speaking falsely for he is a god and cannot lie. For a long time I was at a loss to understand his meaning. After turning it over in my mind for a long time I thought of away of testing the matter. I went to a man who was said to be wise, thinking that there if anywhere I should prove the Oracle wrong, and meaning to point out to the Oracle its mistake. I should be able to say, ' You said that I was the wisest of men, but this man is wiser than I am. ' So I examined the man—I need not tell you his name; he was a politician—but this was the result, Athenians. When I talked with him I found that, though a great many persons, and most of all he himself; thought that he was wise, yet he was not wise. Then I tried to prove to him that he was not wise though he fancied he was, and by so doing I made him, and many of the bystanders, Elders, my enemies. So when I went away I thought to myself, I am wiser than this man. Probably neither of us knows anything that is really good, but he thinks that he has knowledge, when he has not, while I having no knowledge, do not think that I have. I do not think that I know what I do not know, and on this point, at any rate I seem to be a little wiser than he is.Next I went to another man who was said to be even wiser than the last, with exactly the same result. Here again I made him, and many other men, my enemies.I went on to one man after another, making enemies every day. This caused me much unhappi-ness and anxiety, but I thought that I must set God's command above everything? So I had to go to every man who seemed to possess any knowledge, and search for the meaning of the Oracle. This was the result of the search which I made at God's bidding: the men whose reputation for wisdom stood highest were among those most lacking in it,while others, who were looked down on as common people, were much better fitted to learn.Now I must describe to you the wanderings which I undertook to make full proof ofthe Oracle. After the politicians I went to the poets, thinking that I should and myself clearly more ignorant than they. So I took up the poems on which I thought they had spent most pains, and ask them what they meant, hoping to learn something from them. I am ashamed to tell you the truth, my friends, but I must say it. Almost any of the bystanders could have talked about the works of these poets better than the poets themselves. So I soon found out that it is not by wisdom that the poets create their works, but by a certain natural power and by inspiration, like soothsayers and prophets who say fine things but who understand nothing of what they say. At the same time I saw that, because of their poetry, they thought that they were the wisest of men in other matters too, which they were not. So I went away again, thinking that I had the same advantage over the poets as I had over the politicians.Finally I went to the skilled workmen, for I knew very well that I possessed no knowledge at all worth speaking of, and I was sure that I should find that they knew many fine things, and in that I was not mistaken. But, Athenians, they made the same mistake as the poets. Each of them believed himself to be extremely wise in matters ofthe greatest importance because he was skilled in his own art. I asked myself, on behalfof the Oracle, whether I would choose to remain as I was, without either their wisdom or their ignorance, or to possess both, as they did. I made answer to myself and to the Oracle that it was better for me to remain as I was.By reason of this examination, Athenians, I have made enemies of a very bitter and fierce kind, who have spread abroad a great number of slanders about me. People say that I am a ' wise man' , thinking that I am wise myself in any matter in which I show another man to be ignorant. But, my friends, I believe that only God is really wise, and that bythis Oracle he meant that men's wisdom is worth little or nothing. I do not think he meant that Socrates was wise. He only took me as an example as though he would say to men, ' He among you is the wisest who, like Socrates, knows that his wisdom is worth little at all.31 When Socrates says that he is not wise, what does he mean by ' being wise' ? Whenhe says that he possesses a certain kind of wisdom, what kind of ' wisdom' has he in mind? When he says that only God is really wise, is he thinking of the first sense of ' wisdom' or second?32 In the second sentence of the second paragraph, Socrates promises to explain to the audience the origin of his unpopularity. What exactly is the explanation which he offers on this point?33 Can you tell from this passage whether Socrates had a sympathetic audience or a hostile one?33 " I've been expecting you!" Marek repeated, when he had seated his guest in a comfortable leather chair. Nothing on earth would have induced Bondy to own up to his vision of the fallen inventor. "Just fancy!" he said, with a rather forced gaiety. "What a coincidence! It struck me only this very morning that we hadn't seen each other for twenty years. Twenty years, Rudy, think of it!""Hm," said Marek. "And so you want to buy my invention. ""Buy it?" said G. H. Bondy hesitatingly. "I really don't know... I haven't even given it a thought. I wanted to see you and—""Oh, come, you needn't pretend," Marek interrupted him. "I knew that you were coming. You'd be sure to, for a thing like this. This kind of invention is just in your line. There's a lot to be done with it. " He made an eloquent motion with his hand, coughed, and began again more deliberately. "The invention I am going to show you means a bigger revolution in technical methods than Wart's invention of the steam-engine. To give you its nature briefly, it provides, putting it theoretically , for the complete utilization of atomic energy. "Bondy concealed a yawn. "But tell me, what have you been doing all these twenty years?"Marek glanced at him with some surprise." Modern science teaches that all matter—that is to say, its atoms—is composed of a vast number of units of energy. An atom is in reality a collection of electrons, i. e. of the tiniest particles of electricity. ""That's tremendously interesting," Bondy broke in. "I was always weak in physics, you know. But you're not looking well, Marek. By the way, how did you happen to come by this playth ... this, er... factory?""I? Oh, quite by accident. 1 invented a new kind of filament for electric bulbs... But that's nothing; I only came upon it incidentally. You see, for twenty years I've been working on the combustion of matter. Tell me yourself, Bondy, what is the greatest problem of modern industry?""Doing business," said Bond. "And are you married yet?"" I'm a widower," answered Marek, leaping up excitedly. " No, business has nothing to do with it, I tell you. It's combustion. The complete utilization of the heat-energy contained in matter! Just consider that we use hardly one hundred-thousandth of the heat that there is in coal, and that could be extracted from it! Do you realize that?""Yes, coal is terribly dear!" said Mr. Bondy sapiently.Marek sat down and cried disgustedly, " Look here, if you haven't come here about my Karbu-rator, Bondy, you can go. "" Go ahead, then," Bondy returned, anxious to conciliate him.Marek rested his head in his hands, and after a struggle came out with, " For twenty years I've been working on it, and now—now, I'll sell it to the first man who comes along! My magnificent dream! The greatest invention of all the ages! Seriously, Bondy, I tell you, it's something really amazing." No doubt, in the present wretched state of affairs," assented Bondy." No, without any qualification at all, amazing. Do you realize that it means the utilization of atomic energy without any residue whatever?"" Aha," said Bondy. " So we're going to do our heating with atoms. Well, why not? ... You've got a nice place here, Rudy. Small and pleasant. How many hands do you employ?" Marek took no notice. "You know," he said thoughtfully, "it's all the same thing, whatever you call it—the utilization of atomic energy, or the complete combustion of matter, or the disintegration of matter. You can call it what you please. ""I'm in favor of ' combustion' !" said Mr. Bondy. "It sounds more familiar. "" But ' disintegration' is more exact—to break up the atoms into electrons, and harness the electrons and make them work. Do you understand that?""Perfectly," Bondy assured him. "The point is to harness them!""Well, imagine, say, that there are two horses at the ends of a rope, pulling with all their might in opposite directions. Do you know what you have then?""Some kind of sport, I suppose," suggested Mr. Bondy."No, a state of repose. The horses pull, but they stay where they are. And if you wereto cut the rope—""—The horses would fall over," cried G. H. Bondy, with a flash of inspiration."No, but they would start running; they would become energy released. Now, pay attention. Matter is a team in that very position. Cut the bonds that hold its electrons together, and they will..."" Run loose! ""Yes, but we can catch and harness them, don't you see? Or put it to yourself this way: we burn a piece of coal, say, to produce heat. We do get a little heat from it, but we also get ashes, coal-gas, and soot. So we don't lose the matter altogether, do we?""No. —Won't you have a cigar?"" No, I won't. —But the matter which is left still contains a vast quantity of unused atomic energy. If we used up the whole of the atomic energy, we should use up the whole of the atoms. In short, the matter would vanish altogether. ""Aha! Now I understand. "" It's just as though we were to grind corn badly—as if we ground up the thin outer husk and threw the rest away, just as we throw away ashes. When the grinding is perfect, there's nothing or next to nothing left of the grain, is there? In the same way, when thereis perfect combustion, there's nothing or next to nothing left of the matter we burn. It's ground up completely. It is used up. It returns to its original nothingness. You know, it takes a tremendous amount of energy to make matter exist at all. Take away its existence,compel it not to be, and you thereby release an enormous supply of power. That's how it is, Bondy. ""Aha. That's not bad. "" Pflueger, for instance, calculates that one kilogramme of coal contains twenty-three billions of calories. I think that Pfluger exaggerates. ""Decidedly. ""I have arrived at seven billions myself, theoretically. But even that signifies that one kilogramme of coal, if it underwent complete combustion, would run a good-sized factory for several hundred hours!"" The devil it does!" cried Mr. Bondy, springing from his chair." I can't give you the exact number of hours. I've been burning half a kilogramme of coal for six weeks at a pressure of thirty kilogrammetres and, man alive," said the engineer in a whisper, turning pale, "it's still going on... and on... and on. "Bondy was embarrassed; he stroked his smooth round chin. " Listen, Marek," he began, hesitatingly. "You're surely... er... a bit... er... overworked. "Marek's hand thrust the suggestion aside. "Not a bit of it. If you'd only get up physics a bit, I could give you an explanation of my Karburator in which the combustion takes place. It involves a whole chapter of advanced physics, you know. But you'll see it downstairs in the cellar. I shovelled half a kilogramme of coal into the machine, then I shut it up and had it officially sealed in the presence of witnesses, so that no one could put any more coal in. Go and have a look at it for yourself— go on—go now! You won't understand it, anyway, but—go down to the cellar! Go on down, man, I tell you!""Won't you come with me?" asked Bondy in astonishment."No, you go alone. And... I say, Bondy... don't stay down there long. ""Why not?" asked Bondy, growing a trifle suspicious."Oh, nothing much. Only I have a notion that perhaps it's not quite healthy down there. Turn on the light, the switch is just by the door. That noise down in the cellar doesn't come from my machine. It works noiselessly, steadily, and without any smell... The roaring is only a ventilator. Well, now, you go on. I'll wait here. Then you can tell me..." Bondy went down the cellar steps, quite glad to be away from that madman for awhile(quite mad, no doubt whatever about it)and rather worried as to the quickest means of getting out of the place altogether. Why, just look, the cellar had a huge thick reinforced door just like an armour-plated safe in a bank. And now let's have a light. The switch was just by the door. And there in the middle of the arched concrete cellar, clean as a monastery cell, lay a gigantic copper cylinder resting on cement supports. It was closed on all sides except at the top, where there was a grating bedecked with seals. Inside the machine all was darkness and silence. With a smooth and regular motion the cylinder thrust forth a piston which slowly rotated a heavy fly-wheel. That was all. Only the ventilator in the cellar window kept up a ceaseless rattle.。

四川大学英语专业研究生2013入学考试题-综合

[A] Henry James [B]Ralph Waldo Emerson [C] William Faulkner [D]Mark Twain
8. Which one of the following novels mainly deals with the psychologically distorted characters?
I. Explain any THREE of the following five termsIN ABOUT 50 ENGLISH WORDS each:(15 points)
1.John Keats
2.Lord of the Flies
3.William Blake
4.Determinism in American naturalistic fiction
5.Light in August
II. Multiple Choice: ( 15 pointБайду номын сангаас )
Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement.Write down your answer on the answer sheet.
6. Scott Fitzgerald is a spokesman of the ___________.
[A]Gilded Age[B]Jazz Age[C] Frontier Era [D]American Revolutionary Age
7. Which one of the following writers is a master user of different dialects in his novels?

2013年四川大学918英语专业综合知识考研真题【圣才出品】

2013年四川大学918英语专业综合知识考研真题Part One European and American Cultures(50points)Ⅰ.Explain the following five terms briefly:(10points)1.Gulf War2.Marshall Plan3.Harlem Renaissance4.Noah’s Ark5.GothicⅡ.Answer each of the following two questions in no more than150English words: (20points)1.Please illustrate Martin Luther as more of a humanist than a religious leader.2.Why are the1960s-70s in America regarded by some historians as“the decades of change”?Ⅲ.Answer the following question in no more than400English words:(20points) How do you think about Barack Obama’s rise to presidency?Part Two British and American Literature(50points)Ⅰ.Explain any THREE of the following five terms in about50English words each: (15points)1.John Keats2.Lord of the Files3.William Blake4.Determinism in American naturalistic fiction5.Light in AugustⅡ.Multiple Choices:(15points)Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement.Write down your answer on the answer sheet.1.Which of the following is NOT directly related to the Age of Enlightenment in the 18th century?A.to promote reason,equality and scienceB.to enlighten people with modern philosophical and artistic ideasC.to hold the belief that human beings were unlimited,with infinite potential forintellectual developmentD.to hold the belief that human beings were limited,dualistic,imperfect,and yetcapable of rationality and perfection through education2.“The Landscape Near an Aerodrome”is a poem by_____.A.Stephen SpenderB.T.S.EliotC.Robert BrowningD.Wystan Hugh Auden3.Which of the following is NOT directly related to the literature of Victorian Age in England?A.The growth of urban population resulted in the appearance of a new reading public.B.Many libraries were set up so that books were now available to readers whocould not afford to buy them.C.The plot of novels is unfolded against a social background which is broaderthan what it had been in previous novels.D.Most of the novels were not first published in serial form,that is,by installment,before they were fully published in a single book.4.One of the most noticeable features of Robert Browning’s poetry is his use of_____.A.classical vocabularyB.satireC.dramatic monologueD.exaggeration5.Which one of the following words is most appropriate when you describe thecharacter of Katherine in Wuthering Heights?A.generousB.capriciousC.charitableD.frivolous6.Scott Fitzgerald is a spokesman of the_____.A.Gilded AgeB.Jazz AgeC.Frontier EraD.American Revolutionary Age7.Which one of the following writers is a master user of different dialects in his novels?A.Henry JamesB.Ralph Waldo EmersonC.William FaulknerD.Mark Twain8.Which one of the following novels mainly deals with the psychologically distorted characters?A.Martin EdenB.The Grapes of WrathC.Winesburg,OhioD.The Ambassadors9.Exaltation of emotion above reason is a principle of_____.A.RomanticismB.RealismC.NaturalismD.Modernism10.“Grace under pressure”is a typical sign of the_____.A.frontier peopleB.Hemingway’s heroesC.early immigrantsD.struggle for survivalⅢ.Answer the following questions in about150English words each:(20points)1.Briefly comment on“I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”by William Wordsworth.2.Make a comment on Ernest Hemingway’s novel A Farewell to Arms.Part Three Linguistics(50points)Ⅰ.State what you know about the following terms in one sentence for each:(10 points)1.descriptive adequacy2.textual function3.illocutionary act4.arbitrariness vs.motivation5.ideal speakerⅡ.Define the following terms with at least two examples:(10points)1.bound morpheme2.blending3.stylistic meaning4.loanword5.homonymyⅢ.Translate the following sentences into Chinese and state briefly the features of English idiom:(10points)1.He likes to let on that he is an expert in electronics.2.As soon as they realized that there was likely to be trouble,his companions deserted him and left him to carry the can.3.We doubt whether our plan will pass muster.Ⅳ.Answer the following questions:(10points)1.What are the three types of homonyms?2.What does pragmatic reasoning mean?Ⅴ.Please briefly answer the following question in about500words:(10points) Some people claim that the Chinese language is a primitive language,too unclear to express ideas in a logical way,while the European languages are much more advanced,able to express clear ideas with their complex inflectional syntactic。

2013年四川大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2013年四川大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. WritingV ocabulary1．Presumably, excessive consumption of fried foods has serious consequences as has been proved.A．TheoreticallyB．PracticallyC．IncrediblyD．Probably正确答案：D解析：句意：也许正如被证实的那样，摄人过多油炸食品会导致严重后果。

presumably据推测；大概，可能。

probably大概，或许，很可能。

theoretically理论地，理论上。

prac—tically实际上，事实上。

incredibly难以置信地。

2．Silk, although it is considered a delicate fabric, is in fact very strong, but it is adversely affected by sunlight.A．softB．sheerC．fragileD．refined正确答案：C解析：句意：虽然人们认为丝绸是精致脆弱的织物，但它实际上很牢固，太阳光对它有不利的影响。

delicate脆弱的，易碎的；精致的。

fragile易碎的，脆弱的。

soft柔软的，柔和的。

sheer纯粹的，绝对的；透明的。

refined精炼的，精制的。

3．It is anticipated that this contract will substantially increase sales over the next three years.A．apparentlyB．slightlyC．considerablyD．steadily正确答案：C解析：句意：据估计，这份合同会使销售额在未来三年里有相当大的增加。

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[考研类试卷]2013年四川大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷
一、名词解释
1 John Keats
2 Lord of the Flies
3 William Blake
4 Determinism in American naturalistic fiction
5 Light in August
二、单项选择题
6 Which of the following is NOT directly related to the Age of Enlightenment in the 18th century?
（A）to promote reason, equality and science
（B）to enlighten people with modern philosophical and artistic ideas
（C）to hold the belief that human beings were unlimited, with infinite potential for intellectual development
（D）to hold the belief that human beings were limited, dualistic, imperfect, and yet capable of rationality and perfection through education
7 "The Landscape Near an Aerodrome"is a poem by______.
（A）Stephen Spender
（B）T. S. Eliot
（C）Robert Browning
（D）Wystan Hugh Auden
8 Which of the following is NOT directly related to the literature of Victorian Age in England?
（A）The growth of urban population resulted in the appearance of a new reading public.
（B）Many libraries were set up so that books were now available to readers who could not afford to buy them.
（C）The plot of novels is unfolded against a social background which is broader than what it had been in previous novels.
（D）Most of the novels were not first published in serial form, that is, by installment, before they were fully published in a single book.
9 One of the most noticeable features of Robert Browning's poetry is his use of______. （A）classical vocabulary
（B）satire
（C）dramatic monologue
（D）exaggeration
10 Which one of the following words is most appropriate when you describe the character of Katherine in Wuthering Heights?
（A）generous
（B）capricious
（C）charitable
（D）frivolous
11 Scott Fitzgerald is a spokesman of the______.
（A）Giled Age
（B）Jazz Age
（C）Frontier Era
（D）American Revolutionary Age
12 Which one of the following writers is a master user of different dialects in his novels? （A）Henry James
（B）Ralph Waldo Emerson
（C）William Faulkner
（D）Mark Twain
13 Which one of the following novels mainly deals with the psychologically distorted characters?
（A）Martin Eden
（B）The Grapes of Wrath
（C）Winesburg Ohio
（D）The Ambassadors
14 Exaltation of emotion above reason is a principle of______.
（A）Romanticism
（B）Realism
（C）Naturalism
（D）Modernism
15 "Grace under pressure" is a typical sign of the______.
（A）frontier people
（B）Hemingway's heroes
（C）early immigrants
（D）struggle for survival
三、问答题
16 Briefly comment on "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud" by William Wordsworth.
17 Make a comment on Ernest Hemingway's novel A Farewell to Arms.。