自考“英汉翻译教程”复习笔记(11)
最新自考-口译与听力-英汉翻译笔记
本次串讲分三部分，上部分、课本中的重点内容；中部分、考试题1；下部分、考试题2。
课本中的内容占翻译试题的50%。
只要课本中的内容掌握好了，通过考试是没问题的。
因为考试万变不离其宗，即使是考课外的，也是以课本为依据的。
所以请大家务必踏踏实实将课本里的重点内容把握好。
在这里，我根据历年自考翻译考试的考试题型、考点，总结了一些考试中可能涉及到课本内容的重点、难点。
题型：第一题：选择题（30分）。
80%来自于课本中每单元后的小结，非常重要，一定要看。
考点：看似简单的句子的翻译、俚语的翻译、翻译常识等。
第二题：短语翻译：英译汉、汉译英。
后面我们给的补充材料中，会包括80%的题。
第三题：改错题：英译汉、汉译英改错。
第四题：段落翻译。
下面开始看书，课本中重点掌握的章节：Unit 2 HistoryUnit 4 EconomyUnit 8 Popular ScienceUnit 9 LawUnit 10 Speeches其中Unit 4、Unit 8、Unit 10尤为重要。
下面请大家跟我划课本中的重点句子、短语（译文请自己对照）。
P1 第一段最后一句，第二段短语：average height, gleaming eyes, in his middle twenties。
第四段第一句。
P2 短语：Chinese Communist Party，第二小段重点掌握，最后一段的第一句，短语：full membersP6 “译学点滴”中，第三段的第一句。
P7 第一段的第一句，第三段的前三句。
P10 第一段的一、二句，第二段的第一句、倒数第二句。
最后一段。
P15 第一段的最后一句。
第二段的倒数第二句，短语：monkey-like imitation. 第三段第四句：“That was because … the pieces.”P16 最后一句P17 第一段倒数第二句话引号里面的内容。
第二段第二句话，第四段短语：“另一个地方” 。
英语自考本科高级英语笔记-下册-Lesson_Eleven_2
Lesson Eleven On Human Nature and Politics Words and ExpressionsText Explanation1…even in Paradise.even when he is dead.2Human beings, for the most part, are not like this."for the most part" means mostly, most of them.3on that accountbecause of that, on that reason 为了那个缘故The game was cancelled on account of the rain.4…satiety is a dream which will always elude you.…to think that man can become satisfied is an illustion.5…motives that survive the conquest of hunger.…motives that continue to exist when hunger is satisfied.6One of the troubles about vanity is that it grows with what it feeds on.One problem of vanity is that one grows more vain if one is encouraged in one's vanity.虚荣心的问题之一是，越是有鼓励它的东西，虚荣心就越强。
feed on: give food to 给予食物，喂What do you feed your cat on?7the condemned murderera murderer who has been found guilty and sentenced to punishment, possibly the death sentence.8Politicians and literary men are in the same case.政治家和文人也属于此列。
自考英语（一）课堂笔记完整版（11）
Unit6（第17讲—第19讲） Text A Diamonds 本课主要单词 1. rare adj. 稀有的，难得的 These animals are so rare that I would do whatever I can to save them.〔这些动物很稀有，我会尽我所能去保护它们。
〕 On the rare occasions when the old lady had any post， the little boy downstairs would go and get it for her.〔⽼太太难得有信，只要有信总是楼下的⼩男孩帮她去拿。
〕 Snow is rare in this part of China.〔中国的这个地区难得下雪。
〕 It is very rare for him to say “Sorry” to any others.〔他难得会对任何⼈说“对不起”。
〕 Believe it or not， she is a rare beauty.〔信不信由你，她是⼀个百⾥挑⼀的美⼈。
〕 a rare word〔冷僻的词〕 rare metals〔稀有⾦属〕 a rare disease（罕见的疾病） a rare medicinal herb〔珍奇药草〕 2. substance n. 物质；实质；⼤意；根据 They were trying to remove harmful substances from the soil.〔他们正设法去除⼟壤⾥的有害物质。
〕 Ice， snow and water are the same substance in different forms.〔冰、雪、⽔是同⼀物质的三种不同形式。
〕 What was the point of going to a lecture with little substance？〔去听⼀个没有什么内容的讲座有什么意义呢？〕 What he is saying in substance is that we should take effective measures to prevent pollution.〔他⼤体上说的是我们应该采取有效措施防⽌污染。
自考英语(一)考前要点复习Unit4(11)
自考英语(一)考前要点复习Unit4（11）make sense 的意思是“有意义;可理解”。
请看下面的句子：1) No matter how you read it，this sentence doesn’t make any sense to me.(无论你怎么读，我都不睬解这个句子。
)2) What the writer wanted to express in his book doesn’t make any sense to the readers.(读者们无法理解作者在书中所要表达的意思。
)3) His explanation makes no sense to his students.(学生们不睬解他的解释。
)5. Organization also makes a difference in our ability to remember.动词不定式to remember在句中做定语，修饰名词ability.请看下面的句子：1) You should have confidence in your ability to fulfill the task.(你们应对本身完成认务的能力有信心。
)2) He has kept the promise to come early in the morning.(他遵守了一大早来的诺言。
)3) They have the determination to overcome all the difficulties.(他们有克服所有困难的决心。
)4) We could see her anxiety to solve the problem.(我们能看出她急于解决这个问题。
)make a difference 的意思是“有关系;有影响;起作用”。
请看下面的句子：1) What he said would not make any difference in my decision-making.(他说的话不会对我做决定产生任何影响。
2009年自考英语（一）课堂笔记（unit11）
Text A The Great American Garage Sale 本课主要单词 1.garage n. 车库，汽车修理⼚ 1）Jim jumped out the car and opened the garage doors.（杰姆跃出车外，把车库门打开。
） 2）It is already 6：30. I think the garage must be closed.（已经六点半了，我想汽车修理⼚准已关门了。
） 3）Mr. Henderson worked as a garage mechanic before he retired. （退休前亨德森先⽣做汽车修理⼯。
） 4）They decided to have a garage sale to get rid of some unwanted stuff.（他们打算进⾏⼀次现场旧货出售，把⼀些不需要的物品清除掉。
） 2.unwanted adj. 没⼈要的；不需要的，多余的|考试⼤ 1）The little girl felt unwanted when both her parents left her. （⽗母丢下了她，⼩姑娘觉得⾃⼰是多余的。
） 2）Herbicides can be used to keep down unwanted plants.（除莠剂可以被⽤来控制多余的植物的⽣长。
） 3）The unwanted objects are set out on the front yard of their home.（那些不需要的物品就展⽰在他们家的前院⾥。
） 在英语中，⽤前缀 un——加动词的过去分词构成的形容词很多，如：unexpected（想不到的），uneducated（没受教育的），undisturbed（没受到⼲挠的），unhurried（不慌不忙的）等等。
3.rid v. 使摆脱，使去掉 1）We must rid ourselves of the illusions and be more practical. （我们必须去掉幻想，更加务实。
自考英汉翻译教程词汇整理
自考英汉翻译教程词汇整理Unit 1 lesson 11. fellow coun tryme n 同胞2. average height 中等身材3. gleami ng eyes 闪光的眼睛4. in his middle twen ties 二十多岁5. to be seated 招呼坐下6. sta nd squarely 端正正地站着7. more tha n ten years his junior 比他年轻十几岁8. revoluti onary road 革命道路9. Chinese communist Party 中共10. full member 正式成员11. membership 党籍12. keep a secret 保密Lesson 21. immeasurable con trast 迥然不同2. to and fro 走来走去3. uptur n face 仰着脸4. sweet spri ng 芬芳的春天5. an ger and bitter ness 又气愤又苦恼6. dense fog 大雾7. tense and an xious 紧张而焦急8. 五一的下午on the after noon of May 1st9. 无言的呼唤wordless cry10. 探测绳sounding-lineLesson 31. 各种流派的different schools2. 前两天a few days ago3. 受限制be restricted/be subjected to4. 传统观念traditional thinking5. 不合理的制度irrational system6. 最高境界the highest state7. 浓妆艳抹heavy make up8 主人公chief character/principal character9. 花言巧语flowery Ianguage10. 社会进步人性发展social progressand huma n developme ntUnit 2 Lesson 41. 工业革命In dustrial Revolution2. 多功能的机器multi-purpose machine3. 出于自愿和兴趣on one ' s own account, out ofinterest4. 新兴城市the rising town5. 大胆的举止in a bolder manner6. 实干家practical man7. 交通动脉arteries of com muni cati on8. in the air 传说中，酝酿中9. source of power 能源10. outsta nding feature 突出特点Lesson 51. 极西地带far west2. 山区mountainous regions3. 永久定居permanent settlement4. 为…打下基础lay foundations for5. 专门从事devote exclusively to6. 合法手续legal title7. establish com mun ities 建立村镇8. stock-raisi ng 养殖畜牧业9. ope n public doma in 开放的公共地带10. regular eve nt 常事11. high plai ns 高原12. criss-crossed 纵横交错Lesson 61. 新民主主义new democracy2. 五四运动the May 4th Movement3. 辛亥革命the Revolution of 19114. 革命知识分子revolutionary intellectuals5. 帝国主义imperialist6. 无产阶级proletariat7. 在…的号召下at the call of8. 小资产阶级知识分子petty-bourgeois intellectuals9. 统一战线的革命运动the revolutionary movement ofun ited front10. 平民文学literature for the com mon people11. 北伐战争the Northern Expedition12. 右翼the rightwingUnit 3 Less on 71. life-giv ing 赋予生命2. everlasti ngly 无穷无尽的3. the Nile Delta 尼罗河三角洲4. freshly harvested 刚割的5. Mediterra nean 地中海6. the Pyramids 金字塔7. n egative effects 不良的后果8. a ghost tow n 鬼城；被遗弃的荒芜的城镇9. brightly pai nted 颜色鲜艳的10. member of a team 队员11. 河流入海口the mouth of the river12. 水坝发电power gen erated by the damLesson 81. Mt. Lofty Ra nges 洛夫蒂岭山2. average annual rainfall 平均年降雨量3. surveyor gen eral 测量总监4. bus in ess district 商业区5. reside ntial secti on 住宅区6. muni cipal gover nment 自治政府7. lord mayoralty 市长的职位8. min eral deposit 矿藏9. marketi ng cen tre 贸易中心10. automobile comp onents 汽车部件11. 地中海型气候Mediterranean climate12. 文艺节Festival of ArtsLesson 91. Palace Museum 故宫博物院2. walled courtyard 带围墙的院子3. watchtower 更楼4. complete group o f an cie nt build ings 完整的古代建筑群5. ravages of time 时间的摧残6. an cie nt Chin ese architecture 古代中国建筑7. historical sites 历史遗址8. cobbled roadway 鹅卵石路9. Golde n Water Bridge 金水桥10. typical masterpiece 具有代表意义的杰作Unit 4 Lesson 101. global eco nomy 全球性的经济2. sovereig n n ati on 主权国家3. mutual prosperity 共同繁荣4. sum total 总数，总额5. foreig n in vestme nt 夕卜国投资6. per capita GNP 人均国民生产总值7. 沿海地区coastal areas8. 平均率average rate9. 电力生产electrical production10. 双边贸易two way trade11. 夕卜汇foreign exchange12. 生活水平standard of livingLess on 111. marine in sura nee 海事保险2. flows of capital 资本流动3. foreig n excha nge deali ng 夕卜汇交易4. outward in vestor 对外投资者5. Pacific region 太平洋地区6. the right climate for 良好的环境7. vast size and resources 地大物博8. to take a real in terest in sth. 密切关注某事9. coastal city 沿海城市10. i nternatio nal com mun ity 国际社会11. en trepre neurial spirit 进取精神12. 对外开放政策the policy of opening to the outside world13. 世界投资体系world investment system14. 经济改革economic reformsLess on 121. 基本方针basic principle2. 自给自足self-sufficiency3. 客观有利因素favorable objective factors4. 生产条件production condition5. 耕地cultivated land6. 中、低产田medium-and-low-yield land7. 灌溉面积irrigated areas8. 宜农荒地arable land9. 复种指数multiple crop index10. 水利工程water-control projects11. 单位面积产量the yield per unit area12. 粮食总产量目标total grain output targetUnit 5 Lesson 131. ago nizing flashback 痛苦的回忆2. come and go 霎时即去3. property damage 财产损失4. mo noto nous 单调的，枯燥的5. flash-floodi ng 暴雨成灾6. to impri nt on one ' s mi nd 印在某人的脑海里7. scare tactic 吓唬人的办法8. power of n ature 大自然的力量9. river bed 河床10. to give sth. much thought 仔细想某事11. 无情的relentless12. 雨季rainy seas onLess on 141. maternal gran dfather 夕卜祖父2. the flower of one ' s youth 风华正茂3. popular scie nee 科普读物4. un due absorpti on in the past 过分地怀念过去5. suck ing vigor 汲取力量6. live one ' s own life 独立生活7. the fou nder of Girt on College 戈登学院的创办人8. eli ngi ng to youth 与年轻人呆在一起9. 过去的好时光the good old days10. 高等教育higher edueationLess on 151. 旧梦重温going through old dreams2. 儿童出版社Children press3. 散文集eolleetion of essays4. 丝绸之路the Silk Road5. 历史古迹the historie sites6. 大英博物馆the British Museum7. 简单的早餐simple breakfast8. 花坛flower bad9. 斗兽场arena10. 教皇PopeUnit 6 Lesson 161. market-day 赶集的日子2.Sir John 约翰爵士3. the renowned kni ght 著名的武士4. co unty history 郡志古老世家的嫡派5. li neal represe ntative of the an cie nt family子孙Less on 171. drug store 杂货店2. meticulously dressed 精心打扮，穿着讲究，一点不马虎3. ten tative and un certa in manner 试探和踌躇的举止4. sb. ' s face sudde nly brighte n 某人的脸上突然露出喜色Less on 181. 初冬early win ter2. 做中间人的；做中人的the go-between3. 月白色的pale green4. 祥林嫂Xianglin ' s wife5. 试工期trial period6. 严厉的婆婆strict mother-in-law7. 打柴cut wood8. 熬夜to sit up9. 福礼sacrificial meat10. 不惜力气not spari ng on eselfUnit 7 lesson 191. a n arrow swale 狭长的洼地2. the birth and death of the day 每一天的诞生和死亡3. the range of moun tai n 山脉4. mi nd and twist 蜿蜒5. a ki nd of in vitati on 殷勤邀请6. a beloved mother 亲爱的母亲7. dread of 畏惧8. canyon 峡谷9. sand bank 沙案10. part-time river 季节性河流Lesson 201. a far cry from 完全不同2. self-assura nee 自信3. sober-faeed 沉静的；镇静的4. odd-shaped 怪样子的5. well-ma nnered sile nee 规规矩矩，一声不响6. sailor suit 水手服7. the ice was broke n 打破了僵局8. in unison 齐声；一致9. stare at sb. 凝视某人10. all of a sudden 突然11. res onant voice 洪亮的声音Less on 211. 拉家带口be saddled with big family2. 拉排字车pull a hand eart3. 腊月二十三the twenty-third of the twelfth lunar month4. 前台front stage5. 小买卖人a peddler6. 养家to support the family7. 喊嗓子to practice singing8. 零工odd jobs9. 排队queue up10. 落汤鸡a drowned rat11. it ra ins cats and dogs 瓢泼大雨12. no show, no pay 不响锣，不给钱Less on 221. min eral oil 矿物油2. on board ship 在船上3. on shore 在岸上4. at chemist ' s 在药店5. internal combusti on engine 内燃机6. carriage draw n by the horse 马车7. be superior to 优于；好于8. in this respect 在这方面9. a thin file of oil 薄薄的一层油10. oil-bur ninglamp油灯Less on 231. superhighway 高速公路2. applied en tomology 应用昆虫学3. liv ing orga ni sms 生物体4. an in sect-free world 无昆虫的世界5. now and aga in 有时6. right to kn ow知情权7. scie nee of biotic con trols 生物控制学8. turn one ' s back on 拒绝；冷眼相看9. en tomologist 昆虫学家10. gen eticist 遗传学家Less on 241. 自然资源natural resources2. 人均per capita3. 淡水资源freshwater resources4. 长期的long-term5. 国民经济national economy6. 战略任务strategic task7. 大陆架continental shelves8. 专属经济区遣exclusive economic zones9. 海洋生物sea creature10. 低纬度low latitude11. 沉积盆地sedimentation basin12. 海洋旅游业marine tourismLess on 251. en vir onmen tal law 环保法2. no ise polluti on 噪声污染3. public concerns 公众关注4. in dustrial polluti ons 工业污染5. federal law 联邦法6. vaguely worded 措辞含糊7. court of appeals 上诉法院8. to grant a lice nse 颁发许可证9. n atural beauty 自然美10. Federal power Commissi on 联邦电力委员会10. 董事会board of directors11. 总会计师treasurer12. 审计师auditorLess on 261. The Co ntract ing States 成员国；缔约国2. copyright 版权3. uni versal conven ti on 世界公纟勺4. i nternatio nal un dersta nding 国际间的了解5. domestic legislatio n 国内立法6. as follows 如下7. un published works 未出版的作品8. works of the huma n mi nd 人类精神产品Less on 271. 中外合资经营企业Chi nese -Foreig n Equity Joi nt Ven ture2. 经济合作economic cooperation3. 技术交流tech no logical excha nge4. 平等互利的原贝U prin ciple of equality and mutual ben efit5. 公共利益public interest6. 有限责任公司a limited liability company7. 注册资本.Registered capital8. 工业产权in dustrial property rights9. 先进技术adva need tech no logy13. 储备基金reserve fund14. 外卜汇账户foreign exchange accountLess on 281. toast 祝酒词2. com mon ground 共同点3. differe nces 分歧4. magn ifice nt dinner 盛大晚宴5. Compromise 妥协；让步6. Welcoming banquet 欢迎宴会7. Telecom muni cate 电讯8. Prime minister 总理10. 周边环境neighboring environment11. 禾口平共处peaceful coexisteneeLess on 291. full diplomatic relati ons 正式外交关系2. the Lo ng March 长征3. the policies of reform and opening to the outside world革和对外开放政策4. Si no-America n relati on ship 中美关系5. historically sig nifica nt experime nt 具有历史意义的尝试6. develop ing country 发展中国家7. Developed country 发达国家8. International affairs 国际事务9. Scientific exchange 科学交流10 . National security policy 国家安全政策Less on 301. 金秋时节golden fall2. 学术交流academic exchange3. 加强合作to promote cooperation4. 历史文化传统historical and cultural traditions5. 深刻的影响a profound impact6. 生化方式way of life7. 民族团结ethnic harmony; ethnic solidarity8. 区域自治regional autonomy9. 民族精神national spirit12. 互相尊重mutual respect13. 平等互利equality and mutual benefit14. 互不干涉内政non-interferenee15. 振兴中华rejuvenation of China。
自考“英语翻译”完整技巧篇（11）
c. Totally alone in the room， her mother wanted to find someone to talk to （她妈妈觉得⼀个⼈在房间⾥太孤单了，想找个⼈说说话。
） 7.某些独⽴结构中：With a book in his hand ， the teacher came into the class. （⽼师⾛了进来，⼿⾥拿本书。
） 8.加副词a. They started up into the sky until the noise of the rocket died away.（他猛地抬头往天空看，直到⽕箭发射的声⾳渐渐远去。
） b. He stole a glance at the pretty girl walking alongside with him. （他偷偷地瞥了他⼀眼。
） 9.有时还要根据实际需要，加上⼀些表⽰“范畴”的词，即表⽰笼统意思的单词，意见、想法、道理等等。
a. The cultivation of a hobby and new forms of interest is therefore a policy of first importance to a public man. But this is not a business that can be undertaken in day or swiftly improvised by a mere command of the will. （因此，对社会活动家来说，培养业余爱好和新的兴趣就成为头等重要的事情了。
但这不是⼀蹴⽽就的事情，也不能单靠毅⼒就能临时凑成。
） b. A situation in which such a large number of students cheat openly on the exam and escape punishment is very dangerous and cannot last long（如此多的学⽣作弊，居然没⼈管，是很危险的，也不可能持久。
自考英语二——翻译中翻英重点
1.The purpose of making a decision is to achieve organizational goals.2.But the tendency to simplify blinds them to other alternatives.3.For managers, every decision has constraints based on policies, procedures, laws, precedents,and the like.4.From a system’s point of view, problems have multiple causes, and decisions have intendedand unintended consequences.5.Employers expect job applicants to be pleasant in personality and hard working.6.A black hole exerts a strong gravitational pull and yet it has no matter.7.Only in this way can you find a well-paid job.8.Decision makers should make a best guess at what the future will be.9.We know nothing about events which happen once objects pass this boundary.10.Einstein’s theory of relativity is the only theory which can explain the phenomenon.11.This process of shrinking is so intense that a black hole results.12.But in theory, matter must behave very differently in a very different manner inside the blackhole.13.Mankind may one day meet this fate.14.The more we learn about other people, the better we understand their ideas.15.Maybe another huge black hole is swallowing up stars at very rapid speed.16.The star will explode when its density increases to some extent.17.Can you imagine how strong the gravitational pull of a black hole is?18.Supernovas were reported by astronomers as early as in the seventeenth century.19.Euthanasia can really relieve dying patients from their suffering.20.Affected with a serious disease, he knew there was no hope of recovery,21.Each time the program is shown, it starts a nationwide debate on this subject.22.The Netherlands is the only country in Europe which permits euthanasia.23.In the vast majority of euthanasia cases, the patient doesn’t really want to die.24.They feel that they should also take the quality of life into account.25.Not all patients would receive such a high level of individual care.26.At the end of 1994, the British Government introduced new measures to help protectdomestic workers from abuse by their employers.27.Other, less dramatic, cases are equally deserving of attention.28.Many people doubt whether this will successfully reduce the incidence of abuse.29.Human rights organizations say that putting prisoners in chains is not only inhumane but alsoineffective.30.What it does is to punish prisoners for the ills of society.31.It is the right to change employers which distinguishes employment from slavery.32.The British government introduced new measures to help protect domestic workers fromabuse by their employers.33.Many domestic servants are exploited and abused by their employers.34.She was convicted of murder and executed.35.Folk music expresses peace, friendship and help.36.Electronics did, in fact, make possible sounds that no instrument up to that time couldproduce.37.Y ou can almost tell this type of composer by his fruitful output.38.Music simply wells out of him.39.The modern music stresses the audience’s participation in the performance.40.The three music forms are musically and culturally distinct.41.Turn on the radio, and you will hear nice folk music.42.The American folk music in the 1960s expressed anti-war sentiments as well as love andhope.43.He has a gift for music, but when it comes to drawing he knows nothing.44.Franz Schubert is a spontaneously inspired composer who was fired public imagination most.45.The robots used in nuclear power plants prevent human personnel from being exposed toradioactive materials.46.It is not yet known whether robots will one day have vision as good as human vision.47.Robots differ greatly from automatic machines.48.These networks are always on the alert for warning signs.49.It is not yet known whether robots will one day control our human activities.50.Two of the biggest earthquakes that were ever reported took place in China and Alaska.51.Robots can perform industrial tasks without human intervention.52.People in the industrialized countries are increasingly concerned with opportunities forleisure.53.The term “quality of life” is easy to understand but difficult to define.54.We acquire interests in a variety of things and subjects from our families, schools, jobs, andthe mass media.55.Generally speaking, those with better education may tend to seek recreation and personaldevelopment in leisure.56.Schools usually set as their educational objective the attainment of a balanced developmentof a person.57.Time is the easiest thing in the world to waste for it is the most difficult thing to control.58.Y ou must push away many temptations or your schedule is useless.59.Whether a person can manage his time well is very important for his study.60.In advanced industrial societies, people are attaching increasing importance to paid holidays.61.The problem of Jet Lag is one every international traveler comes across at some time.62.The effects of rapid travel on the body are much greater than we realize.63.Now that we understand what Jet Lag is, we can go some way to overcoming it.64.In time the physiologic system will reset itself, but it does take time.65.Normally the two internal biological timers are in step.66.It is not feasible to wait four days until the body is used to the new time zone.67.Even with the greatest effect, our span of attention fluctuates.68.The angry man forgets the pain of injury; the fearful man finds it difficult to enjoy pleasureand the tense or anxious person may react violently to the smallest of matters.69.Jet Lag is due to changes in the body’s physiological regulatory mechanisms.70.A nation is classified as aq aged one when it has 7 percent or more of its people aged 65 orabove.71.Babies are more of a liability than the inactive aged.72.Successful parenting begins by communication to children that they belong, and are loved forno other reason than just because they exist.73.Self-esteem is that people think about themselves.74.When feelings about the self have been threatened and self-esteem is low, everythingbecomes more of an effort.75.The foundation of a healthy family depends on the ability of the parents to communicatemessage of love and trust to their children.76.Maintaining a healthy self-esteem is a challenge that continues throughout life.77.The winner in the November general election is certain to be either the Democratic or theRepublic nominee.78.A major-party nominee has the critical advantage of support from the party faithful.79.More than two-thirds of the nation’s voters support their party’s presidential candidate.80.Candidates try to project a strong leadership image.81.To win the presidency, a candidate must receive at least 270 votes.82.How does it happen that the two-party system is so strongly rooted in American politics?83.Most of the major medical advances have been based on a background of animal researchand development.84.It would be irresponsible and unethical to use drugs on people that had not been thoroughlytested on animals.puter models can be used to simulate the way that cells work in our body.86.It is sometimes said that the cat “takes all and gives nothing”.87.It is the dog who can teach us lessons of loyalty and devotion that no cat ever knows.88.What we would spend on a cat would pay for a child’s medical care or basic education.89.New technology makes it easy for us to find alternative methods of testing on animals.90.Experiments show that daydreaming significantly contributes to intellectual growth.91.Experiments show that daydreaming significantly contributes to the ability to interact andcommunicate with others.92.Daydreaming improves a person’s ability to better adapted to practical, immediate concerns,and to solve everyday problems93.Many successful people made full use of daydreams and gained great achievement.94.The more people appeared in your dreams, the happier you felt when you awoke.95.Our moods in the morning relate to our sleep and dreams the previous night.96.In the past two decades, research has greatly expanded our knowledge about sleep and dream.97.Scientists have discovered that daydreaming is a means of effective relaxation.98.Daydreaming may enhance creative thinking ability.99.Many successful people actually day dreamed their achievements long before they realizedthem.100.The police have taken a detailed and comprehensive investigation into the case.101.When we play a game, we enjoy what we are doing otherwise we should not do it.102.So far as I know, she was the first person to define the essential difference between work and labor.103.If what he enjoy doing is ignored by society as of no value or importance, he can’t be happy. 104.Whether a job is to be classified as labor or work depends on the tastes of the individual who undertakes it.105.The difference between work and labor does not lie in the difference between mental and manual jobs.106.To him, leisure means freedom from compulsion.107.It was there that Weinstein was able to activate the recorder.108.Mrs. Weinstein bravely and persistently used every skill and power to convince her attacker to simply take her car and not her life.109.This recording revealed that the teacher was a woman of extraordinary courage and compassion.110.The government believe certain books to be subversive of its apartheid society.111.This is the effect of apartheid in terms of the society.112.She was calm in front of the attacker.113.In some countries in Africa, it is illegal for white and black to play chess together.114.They believe it was in the car that she activated the recorder.115.She bravely convinced the attacker not to commit crimes.116.I have seen some white children would stand in one of the mixed buses rather than sit beside anyone who was not white.117.The fastest growing industry in America today may be the continuing professional education of adults.118.Now many major employers are testing the knowledge and abilities of graduates applying for jobs.119.Economics, student need and our new understanding of how people learn are bound to break the monopoly of traditional education.petition and choice are already beginning to infiltrate the school system.121.The computer may be regarded as a substitute for intelligence instead of an extension of it. 122.The poet can help to supply the subconscious with material to enhance its sensitivity.123.Our biggest need in computer technology is not for increased speed and reduced size.124.It is important in the computerized age that we should not mistake data for wisdom.。
英汉汉英视译教程上篇英译汉第十一单元 条件句视译-文档资料
第11单元 条件句视译 （例段）
〈译评〉 本例段的条件句If the author would “do some editing” and “decide what he’s trying to say”有两点需要注意。这不是通 常意义上的条件句，因为作者不可能改写 其作品，实为假设，因此汉语译文使用 “倘若”比较得体。
the unlikely pirate attack that sends Hamlet back to 迫使哈姆雷特回到丹麦就不够真实，这些繁杂的情
Denmark—that keep the play from completely 节使该剧无法全力“运作”。 “working”.
第11单元 条件句视译 （例段）
第11单元 条件句视译 （例段）
〈译评〉中文条件句通常在句首，而英文条件句 除了句首，也常见句中和句末，这就造 成视译翻译瞬间转换时的障碍，主从句 都偏长的条件句翻译难度更大。条件句 置于句中或句末的情况下，英文if 不一 定要译成“如果”，而可译成“前提”、 “先决条件”，译文显得更加流畅。
第11单元 条件句视译
（2）英语条件的表现常常借用介词，这恰恰是英语 介词的生命力之一。英语里一个介词词组所表达的条 件语意经常相当于汉语里一个完整语句所能表达的条 件语意，而把英语的介词短语在瞬间翻译成汉语完整 语句也是需要相当翻译经验和功力的，因为不是所有 词组都需要译成句子。临场视译时怎样做到见招拆招， 见机行事，完全取决于视译译员的自我判断，只有平 时进行大量艰辛的练习才可战时熟能生巧，驾轻就熟。
If the author would “do some editing” and
倘若作者愿意对其作品“作些修改”，并“使
山东省自考英语课后语法及翻译
Unit31、Never desert（放弃） him when your friend is in the trouble.不要在朋友困难的时候抛弃他。
对比：desert放弃—— dessert甜食；甜糕点2、To improve national economy（经济）is the government’s consistent（一贯地） policy.发展国民经济是政府的一贯政策。
3、China took a stand on these issues.中国在这问题上标明了立场。
4、It is wrong to ignore（不理睬） their suggestions.不理睬他们的建议是不对的。
5、I always prefer（更喜欢） starting early, rather than leaving everything to the last minute.我总是先开始工作，而不愿把事情留到最后才做。
6、Please see (to it) that my children are taken good care of when I am away.请务必在我外出的时候照顾好我的孩子。
7、The precise（准确的） meaning of one word can only be defined（定义） from the context （上下文）.一个词准确的意思只能在上下文中来确定。
8、The instruction（教育） of the policeman set the convict（罪犯） on the right path （小路）.警察的教育使这个罪犯走上了正路。
9、Nowadays, many people commit（干坏事） illegal（违法的） acts in the name of science. 当前，有许多人打着科学的旗号干一些违法的事情。
自考,英语翻译重点
自考,英语翻译重点自考,英语翻译重点Translation ConclusionUnit 1 storieshis youth had passed like a screaming eagle～1. He was thirty-six～leaving him old and disillusioned.他已三十六岁～青春像一路鸣叫的鹰～早已一闪而逝～留给他的是衰老和幻灭。
2. average height 普通高度3. gleaming eyes 两眼闪着光辉4. in his middle twenties 大概是二十五六岁的年龄5. ignoring the chair offered him～ Chu The stood squarely beforethis youth more than ten years his junior and in a level voice told him who he was～ what he had done in the past～ how he had fled from Yunnan～ talked with Sun Yat-sen～ been repulsed by Chen Tu-hsiu in Shanghai～ and had come to Europe to find a new way of life for himself and a new revolutionary road for China.朱德顾不得拉过来的椅子～端端正正地站在这个比他年轻十岁的青年面前～用平稳的语调～说明自己的身份和经历: 他怎样逃出云南～怎样会见孙中山～怎样在上海被陈独秀拒绝～怎样为了寻求自己的新的生活方式和中国的新的革命道路而来到欧洲。
6. When both visitors had told their stories～ Chou smiled a little～said he would help them find rooms～ and arrange for them to jointhe Berlin Communist group as candidates until their application had beensent to China and an answer received.两位来客把经历说完后～周恩来微笑着说～他可以帮他们找到住的地方～替他们办理加入党在柏林的支部的手续～在入党申请书寄往中国而尚未批准之前～暂时作候补党员。
自考英汉翻译教程复习笔记
自考“英汉翻译教程”复习笔记Translation ConclusionUnit 1 stories1. He was thirty-six，his youth had passed like a screaming eagle，leaving him old and disillusioned.他已三十六岁，青春像一路鸣叫的鹰，早已一闪而逝，留给他的是衰老和幻灭。
2. average height 普通高度3. gleaming eyes 两眼闪着光辉4. in his middle twenties 大概是二十五六岁的年龄5. ignoring the chair offered him，Chu The stood squarely before this youth more than ten years his junior and in a level voice told him who he was，what he had done in the past，how he had fled from Yunnan，talked with Sun Yat-sen，been repulsed by Chen Tu-hsiu in Shanghai，and had come to Europe to find a new way of life for himself and a new revolutionary road for China.朱德顾不得拉过来的椅子，端端正正地站在这个比他年轻十岁的青年面前，用平稳的语调，说明自己的身份和经历：他怎样逃出云南，怎样会见孙中山，怎样在上海被陈独秀拒绝，怎样为了寻求自己的新的生活方式和中国的新的革命道路而来到欧洲。
6. When both visitors had told their stories，Chou smiled a little，said he would help them find rooms，and arrange for them to join the Berlin Communist group as candidates until their application had been sent to China and an answer received.两位来客把经历说完后，周恩来微笑着说，他可以帮他们找到住的地方，替他们办理加入党在柏林的支部的手续，在入党申请书寄往中国而尚未批准之前，暂时作候补党员。
自考英语笔译教材lesson 11
注意本文的英汉篇章结构的变 化 。 译者在翻译过程中对很多 段落进行了合并， 段落进行了合并 ， 这也是一种 变。
2012-5-18
Lesson 11
1
China and Britain in the World Economy 中国和英国在世界经济中的作用 中国和英国在世界经济中的作用
翻译技法： 翻译技法： 具体转抽象
The future of the world economy is of particular interest to my country because we have such a huge stake in it.
• 世界经济的未来与我国休戚相关，所以我们格外关注。 世界经济的未来与我国休戚相关 所以我们格外关注。 的未来与我国休戚相关，
翻译技法： 翻译技法：副 词转动词
2012-5-18 Lesson 11
翻译技法： 翻译技法： 增添
5
翻译技法： 翻译技法： 省略
0704 英汉
The strength of our financial services sector is wellknown; the world’s leading centre for international bank lending, foreign exchange, aviation and marine insurance, for example. • 我们的金融服务业以实力雄厚而著称，我们是国际银 我们的金融服务业以实力雄厚而著称 我们是国际银 雄厚而著称， 以及航空和海事保险业的中心。 行借贷、外汇以及航空和海事保险业的中心 行借贷、外汇以及航空和海事保险业的中心。 翻译技法： 翻译技法： 增添
自考“英汉翻译教程”复习笔记（11）
自考“英汉翻译教程”复习笔记（11）自考“英汉翻译教程”复习笔记（11）20. 外汇帐户，外汇管理条例，Foreign exchange transactions. Regulations on foreign exchange control.21. 合营企业所需原材料，燃料，配套件等，应尽先在中国购买，也可由合营企业界自筹外汇，直接在国际市场上购买。
In its purchase of required raw and processed materials. Fuels，auxiliary equipment，etc. an equity joint ventures should first give priority to purchases in China. It may also make such purchases directly on the world market with foreign exchange raised by itself.22. 外籍职工，个人所得税，不可抗力，全国人民代表大会Foreign employee. Individual income tax. Force majeure. National People‘s Congress.UNIT 10 SPEECHES1. distinguished guests. On behalf of. Incomparable hospitality.诸位贵宾。
谨代表。
盛情款待。
2. Never have I heard American music played better in a foreign land.我在外国从来没有听到过演奏得这么好的美国音乐。
3. gracious and eloquent remarks. Common ground. At the outset. Common interests.盛情和雄辩的讲话。
自考基础英语下册重点笔记：第11课
自考基础英语下册重点笔记：第11课Lesson Eleven Investment Demand重点词汇及短语crucial adj.决定性的，关系重大的reference n．参考emphasize n．强调，相当于stimulus n．刺激物，激励物，其复数形式为stimulitake the lead领导，带头in bulk大量地come up against面对……困难，遇到……问题national income国民收入the life of a government政府的年限business investment expenditure企业投资支出in a swarm成群，大批investment demand 投资需求business expectation 企业预测innovational advances 创新进步money market货币市场重点语段解析(1)Indeed, while economists often stress the relative dependability of consumer spending at a given level of national income they usually point out the great variability of business investment spending．实际上，在经济学家经常强调在国民收入的必然水平上，消费者开销的相对可靠性的同时，他们也经常指出企业投资支出的巨大易变性。
①stress vt．强调。
例句：He stressed the importance of foreign investment in our economy．他强调了外来投资在我国经济中的重要性。
②given在句中是“必然的”，也可当“考虑到，假若”讲。
③point out指出。
例句：Please point out my defects directly.请直接指出我的缺点。
英汉翻译教程第十一章
• man of the year 年度新闻人物 • mass communication 大众传播 • mass media大众传播媒介 • master head 报头;报名 • media 媒介;媒体 • mere report is not enough to go upon 仅是传闻不足为凭 • morgue 报刊资料室 • news agency通讯社 • news clue新闻线索
二、新闻语言的特点
• • • • 准确性 具体、简明 通俗性 生动性
三、新闻翻译的标准
• 用词准确，语言通俗 • 避免两个极端 1、凭主观臆断的乱译 2、机械地逐字死译
四、新词的翻译方法
• 直译 即在译语条件许可时，按照字面进行翻译。 例如：
mad cow disease疯牛病 counterfactual history篡改事实的历史 internet bar网吧 yahoo messenger雅虎通 comparison shop 比较购物 super symmetry 超对称性 information superhighway信息高速公路
• thumbnail“豆腐干”(文 章) • timeliness时效性;时新性 • tip内幕新闻;秘密消息 • trim删改(稿件) • Update 更新(新闻内容) 增强(时效性) • watchdog舆论监督 • weekly周报 • wire service通讯社
另外，标点符号的巧妙运用也 可使得所译 标题更简洁、明白、晓 畅，更能抓住读者的眼球。 例如： Is “Globalization” Helping or Hurting? 全球化：幸耶不幸？
六、文稿的翻译
• 新闻文稿的分类： 消息、特写、评论等 由于不同体裁的文本有不同的特 点，因此翻译时要弄清体裁，根据不 同的文本题材，采用不同的翻译方法。
自考公共英语(一)课文翻译(unit11)
自考公共英语（一）课文翻译（unit11）-自考串讲笔记Unit 11Text A不一般的美国宅前旧货展卖不久前，查理士·艾里克逊和他的家人决定搞一次春季大扫除。
他们对家里的物品进行清理之后，找出了1500来件旧的，多余的东西——全是些他们相处理掉的东西。
艾里克逊一家决定按照当今许多美国人所做的那样，举办一次宅前旧货展卖。
他们在附近的地区到处张贴自制的展卖标示，在当地报纸上登了广告，然后，在位于密执安州布鲁姆菲尔德山镇的自家庭院前摆出那些多余的物件，然后等待有人来买。
艾里克逊一家对此本不需要担心。
那些心情迫切的买主们一个周末买走了几乎所有的东西，只剩下50件，使这家人多了442美元的收入。
车库展卖，庭院展卖，地下室展卖——不管它们叫什么和在哪儿举行，这样做的美国人不断在增加。
展卖的物品种类之多真是非同一般，有盘子，书籍，旧衣服，工具，轮胎，空瓶子，自行车，家具等等。
住在乔治亚州亚特兰大市的一位男士，甚至卖掉了一辆1931年造福特汽车的原尺寸复制品。
家住德克萨斯州休斯敦市的杰里·麦克尼利太太和朋友们一起搞过两次旧货展卖，她说：“你可能不相信有人会买这些东西。
可是另一方面，你又可能不相信有些东西人们会拿出来来卖。
”为什么美国人愿意寻觅别人处理的旧货呢几乎每个人都认为，生活费用不断上涨是举办旧货展卖和光顾旧货展卖的原因。
宅前展卖的物品的价格通常只占它们原来价格的很小一部分，所以卖主能挣点额外的钱，而买主又能省不少钱。
但原因不止如此，人们觉得展卖很有意思。
宅前展卖已经成为近郊住宅区的一种社交活动，吸引着各种年龄层次的人。
邻居们乐意认识新人，有些家庭甚至还招待饮料和点心。
一位心理学家指出，人们已经厌倦了生活的计算机化，他们可能在寻找自己的根。
许多年轻的买主说，他们已对那些劣质的现代商品失去兴趣，因此他们在寻找过去物品更坚固，更结实的时代遗留下来的东西，那时候东西造得经久耐用。
有些人买展卖的旧货已成为爱好。
杨士焯《英汉翻译教程》复习笔记及翻译示例汇总(翻译的基本知识篇)【圣才出品】
第1章翻译的基本知识篇1.1 复习笔记一、翻译的类型（一）翻译的类型划分根据语言学家罗曼·雅可布逊（Roman Jakobson）论述，翻译可以分成三种类型：1. 语内翻译：（intralingual translation, an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs in the same language），是指同一语言中用一些语言符号解释另一些语言符号，如古文翻译成现代文。
2. 语际翻译：（interlingual translation, an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other language），是指两种语言之间的翻译，即用另一种语言的语符来解释一种语言的语符，这就是人们通常所指的“翻译”，如英汉翻译。
3. 符际翻译：（intersemiotic translation, an interpretation of verbal signs by means of nonverbal sign system），是指通过非语言的符号系统解释语言符号，或用语言符号解释非语言符号，如把语言符号用图画、手势、数学、电影或音乐来表达。
（二）类型划分的意义：罗曼·雅可布逊首次提出了翻译中的对等概念。
他使我们认识了广义和狭义的翻译概念。
雅可布逊对翻译的三种分类，表明他对语言概念的观点，即语言概念是广泛的和无所不包的。
这三种类型的翻译，几乎包括了一切语言（和非语言）的交际活动。
1. 在语内翻译中，是用一个语符单位替代另一个语符单位，对一个词的翻译可以选用同义词或者迂回表达法。
但同义词不可能是完全对等的词，而改换说法会使原意有增减。
2. 在语际翻译中，符号与符号之间一般也没有完全的对等关系。
人们通常不是用一种语言的语符替代另一种语言中的单个的符号，而是替代“更大的单位”，即“信息”（message），是用信息替代信息。
自考“英汉翻译教程”复习笔记（10）
3.A powerful indictment of America‘s disregard of ecology， Silent Spring was aimed chiefly at the wholesale use of chemical pesticides， especially DDT. In 1965 a court action took place that ranks in environmental importance with the publication of Silent Spring. 不久以后，在1962年雷切尔。
卡林所著，名为<沉默的春天>⼀书问世了><沉默的春天>有⼒的控诉了美国之忽视⽣态，它主要是针对⼤规模使⽤农药——特别是嘀滴涕。
1965年⼜发⽣了⼀件诉讼，其对环境之重要意义，不亚于<沉默的春天>之出版。
4. strip mining， noise pollution， offshore oil drilling， waste disposal. Aerosol cans， and nonreturnable beverage containers. 露天采矿，噪⾳污染，深海钻油，废物排放，喷雾器罐及⼀次性饮料容器。
5. in fact， there is hardly a realm of national life that is not touched by the controversy that often pits those who style themselves environmentalists against proponents of economic growth in our energy-consumming society. The problem is to balance the needs of the environment against those of the economy or consumers trying to cope with the high cost of living without destroying the earth on which we all depend. 实际上，⼈类⽣活的⽅⽅⾯⾯都同这个争议密切相关。
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自考“英汉翻译教程”复习笔记（11）
20. 外汇帐户，外汇管理条例，
Foreign exchange transactions. Regulations on foreign exchange control.
21. 合营企业所需原材料，燃料，配套件等，应尽先在中国购买，也可由合营企业界自筹外汇，直接在国际市场上购买。
In its purchase of required raw and processed materials. Fuels，auxiliary equipment，etc. an equity joint ventures should first give priority to purchases in China. It may also make such purchases directly on the world market with foreign exchange raised by itself.
22. 外籍职工，个人所得税，不可抗力，全国人民代表大会
Foreign employee. Individual income tax. Force majeure. National People‘s Congress.
UNIT 10 SPEECHES
1. distinguished guests. On behalf of. Incomparable hospitality.
诸位贵宾。
谨代表。
盛情款待。
2. Never have I heard American music played better in a foreign land.
我在外国从来没有听到过演奏得这么好的美国音乐。
3. gracious and eloquent remarks. Common ground. At the outset. Common interests.
盛情和雄辩的讲话。
合作的共同点。
一开始。
共同利益。
4. we have acquired a keen sense of the diversity，dynamism，and progress of China under your policies of reform and opening to the outside world.
我们强烈地感受到你们所进行的改革和对外开放政策给中国带来的多样化，活力和进步。
5. more than eight years have passed since Vice Premier Deng Xiaoping and I joined hands to establish full diplomatic relations between our two great nations.
自从邓小平副总理和我共同建立我们两个伟大国家之间的正式外交关系以来，已经八年多了。
6. sino-American relationship. The forging of firm Sino-American ties. National security policies.
中美关系。
建立牢固的中美关系。
国家安全政策。
7. strategic relations. Non-government sectors.
战略关系，非政府部门
8. in this context，it is important for our two societies to search for areas of cooperation which clearly add to our mutual
benefit.
在这种情况下，两国寻求能明显带来互惠互利的合作领域便显得尤为重要。
9. in the area of public health. Although ours is relatively quite small，such activities，when combined with our common foreign policy interests and a growing commercial relationship，should help to remove the lingering fragility in Sino-American relations.
在公共健康领域方面。
尽管我方所占比例较小，但此次项目，涉及我们基本对外政策的利害关系及不断增进的商业关系，必将有助于消除中美关系中长期存在的不稳定因素。
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10. 先有哈佛，后有美利坚合众国，这说明了哈佛在美国历史上的地位。
The fact that Harvard was founded before the United States of American testifies to its position in the American history.
11. 中国教育界，科学界，文化界一直同哈佛大学保持着学术交流。
The Chinese educational，scientific and cultural communities have all along maintained academic exchange with this university.
12. 中国在自己发展的长河中，形成了优良的历史文化传统。
In the prolonged course of its development，China has formed its fine historical and cultural traditions。