2003年全国统考医学考博英语真题
2003年全国医学考博英语真题
’ Part IIVocabulary (10%) Section A Directions : In this section all the sentences are incomplete, beneath each ofwhich are four words or phrases, marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can best completes the statement and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET .31. Sometimes you can get quite _____ when you are trying to communicate with someone in English. A. frustrated B. depressed C. approved D. distracted32. The company has ______ itself to a policy of equal opportunity for all. A. promised B. committed C. attributed D. converted33. I haven ’t met anyone ____ the new tax plan. A. in honor of B. in search of C. in place of D. in favor of 34. Salk won _____ as the scientist who developed the world ’s firsteffective vaccine against polio. A. accomplishmentB. qualificationC. eminenceD. patent 35. This software can be ____ to the needs of eachcustomer. A. tailored B. administratedC. entailedD. accustomed 36.The average commercial business can shut down in such an emergency but a hospital doesn t dare, for lives are ____. A. in circulation B. under consideration C. on hand D. at stake 37.As we need plain,____food for the body,so we must have serious reading for the mind. A. wholesome B. diet C. tasteful D. edible 38. He never gave much thought to the additional kilograms he had ____ lately. A. shown up B. piled up C. put on D. taken on 39.The teacher tried hard to read ____ handwriting in her student s test papers.A. irregularB. illiterateC. illegibleD. irrational 40.A coronary disease is the widely-used term ____insufficiency of bloodsupply to the heart.A. denotingB. donatingC. relatingD. resorting42. Drinking water in many areas of the developing world is contaminated withbacteria. A. purified B. multiplied C. tainted D. blended43. One of the most noticeable features of U.S. society is the diversity of itspeople. A. liberty B. democracy C. varietyD. origin44. The controversy about abortion has been going on in the United States for more than twenty years. A. resentment B. consensus C. notion D. dispute45. As human settlement advance, the tropical forests are retreating and becoming smaller every year. A. retrieving B. sprawling C. consuming D. withdrawing46. The war ’s impact on the population of the country was catastrophic. A. influential B. disastrous C. apparent D. critical 47. His physician told him not to take too much of the drug because it wasvery potent.A. bitterB. irritantC. effectiveD. powerful48. Certain drugs can cause transient side effects, such assleepiness.A. permanentB. residualC. irreversibleD. fleeting49. Nervous illness may stem from being treated inconsiderately inchildhood.A. complain ofB. give rise toC. originate inD. dominate overSection BDirections: In this section each of the following sentences has a word or phraseunderlined,beneath which are four words or phrases.Choose the word orphrase which would best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it issubstitutedfor the underlined part. Then mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWERSHEET. 41. Humans are using upthe world s natural riches at an alarming rate. A. appalling B. appealingC. alertD. abnormal50. Both a person’s heredity and his surroundings help to shape his character.A. formB. correctC. modifyD. improvePart ⅢCloze （10%）Directions:In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For each blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D listed on the rightside. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on theANSWER SHEET.51. A. pay offThere were red faces at one of B. pay upBritain’s biggest banks recently. They C. pay forhad accepted a telephone order to buy D. pay out$100,000 worth of shares from afifteen-old schoolboy(they thought he 52. A. principlewas twenty-one).The shares fell in value B. criterionand the schoolboy was unable to __51__. C. customThe bank lost $20,000 on the D. deal__52__ that it cannot get backbecause, for one thing, this young 53. A. to bespeculator does not have the money and, B. having beenfor another, __53__ under eighteen, he is C. beingnot legally liable for his debts. If the D. isshares had risen in value by the sameamount that they fell, he would have 54. A. profitpocketed $20,000 __54__. Not bad for a B. advantagefifteen-year-old. It certainly is better than C. benefit__55__ the morning newspaper. In D. commissionanother recent case, a boy of fourteenfound, in his grandfather’s house, a 55. A. sendingsuitcase full of foreign banknotes. The B. transmittingclean, crisp, banknotes looked very C. deliveringD. dispatching全国医学博士外语统一考试第9页共22页_56_ but they were now not used in their country of origin or anywhere else. This young boy _57_ straight to the nearest bank with his pockets filled with notes. The cashiers did not realize that the country in _58_ had reduced the value of its currency by 90%.they exchanged the notes at their face value at the current exchange rate. In three days, before he was found out, he took $200,000 from nine different banks._59_, he had already spend more than half of this on taxi-rides, restaurant meals, concert tickets and presents for his many new girlfriends (at least he was generous!) before the police caught up with him. Because he is also under eighteen the banks have _60_ a lot of money, and several cashiers have lost their jobs. 56. A. convincingB. valuableC. unusualD. priceless57. A. cameB. pulledC. headedD. pushed58. A. problemB. questionC. talkD. saying59. A. InterestinglyB. UnfortunatelyC. ParticularlyD Amazingly60. A. kissed goodbye toB. got rid ofC. lived up toD. made up forPart ⅣReading Comprehension (30%) Directions: In this part there are six passages, each of which is followed by five questions. For each question there are four possible answers marled A,B, C, and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choicein the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneIn a society where all aspects of our lives are dictated by scientific advances in technology, science is the essence of our existence. Without the vast advances made by chemists, physicists, biologists, geologists, and other diligent scientists, our全国医学博士外语统一考试第10页共22页standards of living would decline, our flourishing, wealthy nation might come to an economic depression, and our people would suffer from disease that could not be cured. As a society we ignorantly take advantage of the amenities provided by science, yet our lives would be altered interminably without them.Health care, one of the aspects of our society that separates us from our archaic ancestors, is founded exclusively on scientific discoveries and advances. Without the vaccines created by doctors, disease such as polio, measles, hepatitis, and the flu would pose a threat to our citizens, for although some of these diseases may not be deadly, their side effects can be a vast detriment to an individual affected with the disease.In addition, science has developed perhaps the most awe-inspiring, vital invention in the history of the world, the computer. Without the presence of this machine, our world could exist, but the conveniences brought into life by the computer are unparalleled.Despite the greatness of present-day innovators and scientists and their revelations, it is requisite to examine the amenities of science that our culture so blatantly disregards. For instance, the light bulb, electricity, the telephone, running water, and the automobile are present-day staples of our society; however, they were not present until scientists discovered them.Because of the contribution of scientists, our world is ever metamorphosing, and this metamorphosis economically and personally comprises our society, whether our society is cognizant of this or not.61. In the first paragraph the author implies that weA. would not survive without scienceB. take the amenities of science for grantedC. could have raised the standards of living with scienceD. would be free of disease because of scientific advances62. The author uses health care and vaccines to illustrateA. how science has been developedB. what science means to societyC. what the nature of science isD. how disease affects society63. Nothing, according to the author, can match the invention of the computer interms ofA.powerB. noveltyC. benefitsplexity64.The author seems to be unhappy about __________.A.people s ingnorance of their cultureB.people s ignoring the amenities of scienceC.people s making no contributions to societyD.people s misunderstanding of scientific advances65. The author s tone in the passage is ________.A.critiealB.cognizant’ ’’ ’’ Passage TwoBiotechnology is expected to bring important advances in medical diagnosisand therapy, in solving food problems, in energy saving, in environmentallycompatible industrial and agricultural production, and in specially targeted environmental protection projects. Genetically altered microorganisms can break down a wide range of pollutions by being used, for example, in bio-filters andwastewater-treatment facilitiee, and in the clean-up of polluted sites. Genetically modified organisms can also alleviate environmental burdens by reducing the needfor pesticides,fertilizers, and medications. Sustainability,as a strategic aim, involves optimizing the interactions between nature, society, and the economy, in accordance with ecological criteria. Politicalleaders and scientists alike face the challenge of recognizing interrelationships and interactions between ecological, economic, and social factors and taking account of these factors when seeking solution strategies. Tomeet this challenge, decision-makers require interdisciplinary approaches and strategies that cut across political lines. Environmental discussions must become more objective, and this includes, especially, debates about the risks of new technologies, which areoften ideologically charged. In light of the complex issues involved in sustainable development, we need clearer standards for orienting and assessing our environmental policies.Sustainabledevelopment can succeed only if all areas of the political sector,of society,and of science accept the concept and work together to implement it.Acommon basicunderstanding of environmental ethics is needed to ensure that protection of the natural foundation of life becomes a major consideration inall political and individual action.A dialogue among representatives ofall sectors of society is needed if appropriate environmental ploicies are tobe devised and implemented.66. Biotechnology_________.A.can help save energy and integrate industry andagriculture B.can rid humans of diseases and solve food problemsC.cantreat pollution and protect environment D.all of the above 67.Wastewatercan be treated________. A.in genetic engineeringB.by means of biotechnologyC.in agriculture aswell as in industry D.withoutthe need for breaking down pollutants 68.When he says approaches and strategies that cut across political lines ,theauthor means that they________.A.involve economic issuesB.observe ecological criteriaC.are politically significantD.overcome political barriers 69. It can be inferred from the passage that the complexity of sustainable development_______. A.makes it necessary to improve the assessing standards B.renders environmental discussion possible C.charges new technologies risks D .requires simplification 70.The success of sustainable development lies in________. A.its concept to beB.good social teamworkC.appropriate environmental policiesD. the representatives of all sectors of societyPassage ThreePeople from around the world flock to the United States excepting to find a better life. But to scientist’s surprise, a growing body of evidence indicates that increasing familiarity with U.S. culture and society renders immigrants and their children for more susceptible to many mental and physical ailments, even if they attain financial success.The latest study of this phenomenon, directed by epidemiologist William A. V ega of the University of Texas, San Antonio, finds much higher rates of major depression, substance abuse, and other mental disorders in U.S. -born Mexican-Americans compared with both recent and long-standing Mexican-Americans. This pattern held regardless of education or income levels.V ega’s results appear at the same time as the release of a national report on declining physical and mental health in children of immigrant families. A panel convened by the national research council and the institute of medicine, both in Washington, D.C., reviewed previous studies and concluded that assimilation into a U.S. lifestyle may undermine the overall health of immigrant children much more than being poor dose.In contrast, studies of nonimmigrant us residents usually link poverty to poor physical and mental health.“The material on immigrant health shocked me when we first reviewed it,”says panel member Arthus M. Kleinman, a psychiatrist and anthropologist at Harvard Medical School in Boston. “V ega’s study is consistent with the panel’s conclusion that immigrants’health deteriorates with assimilation to U..S. society, declining toward general U.S. norms,”says Kleinman. Other studies have indicated that citizens of many countries, including Mexico, are healthier overall than US citizens.V ega’s team interviewed 3,012 adults of Mexican origin, ages 18-59, living in Fresno County, Calif. Of that number, 1,810 people identified themselves as immigrants. Interviews were in English or Spanish. Interviewers expressed an interesting in health issues only and tried to minimize any tendency of participants to lie—due to US residency concerns---about having immigrated.Nearly one-half of U.S.-born Mexican-Americans had suffered from at least one of 12 psychiatric disorders at some time in their lives, compared with only one-quarter of immigrants. Common mental conditions in U..S.-born individualsincluded major depression, phobias and other anxiety disorders, and substance abuseand dependence.Prevalence rates for mental disorders were lowest for those who had immigrated within the past 13 years .The higher rates found among immigrants of 13or more years still fell considerably below those for the native-born group.71.V ega s group was surprised to find worse physical and mental health in________.A.both recent and long –standing Mexican-American immigrantsB.the immigrants who received fewer years of educationC.the financially disadvantaged immigrantsD.U.S.-born Mexican-American72.The scientists found that the immigrants declining physical and mental healthis linked to________.A.being reluctant to assimilate into the U.S. lifestyleB.blending with U.S. culture and societyC.working hard for a better lifeD.being poor’’73.V ega andKleinman__________.A. are divided over thephenomenonB. ascribe the phenomenon to racial discriminationC. puzzle over the phenomenonD. seem to see eye to eye on the phenomenon 74.V ega ’s team interviewed theimmigrants___________. A. for their U.S.residencyconcerns B. for their identifications C. for their health issues D. all of theabove75.Which of the following groups is least susceptible tomental disorders? A. The U.S.-born Mexican –AmericansB. The immigrants of 13 or more yearsC. The immigrantsof financial success D. The immigrants of less than 13 years. assage our Rain is not what it used to be.A new study reveals that much of theprecipitation in Europe contains such high levels of dissolved pesticides that it would be illegal to supply it as drinking water.Studies in Switzerland have found that rain is laced with toxic levels of atrazine, regularly exceeded in rain, ”says Stephan Muller,a chemist at the Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology in Dubendorf.The chemicals appear to have evaporated from fields and become part of the clouds.Both the European Union and Switzerland have set a limit of 100nanogramsfor any particular pesticide of drinking water.But ,especially in the first minutes of a heavy storm, rain can contain much more than that. In a study to be published by Muller and his colleague Thomas Bucheli inAnalytical Chemistry this summer,one sample of rainwater contained almost 4000 nanograms per liter of 2,4-dinitrophenol,a widely used pesticide.Previously,the authors had shown that in rain samples taken from 41storms,nine contained morethan 100 nanograms of atrazine per liter, one of them around 900 nanograms.In the latest study,the highest concentrations of pesticides turned up in the firstrain after a ling dry spell,particularly when local fields had recently been sprayed,Until now,scientists had assumed that the pesticides only infiltrated groundwater directly from fields. Muller warns that the growing practice of using rainwater that falls onto roofsto recharge underground water may be adding to be danger.This water oftencontains dissolved herbicides that had been added to roofing materials,such as bitumen sheets,to prevent vegetation growing.He suggests that the first flush of rain should be diverted into sewers to minimize the pollution of drinking water ,which isnot usually treated to remove these herbicides and pesticides.76.According to the Swedish scientists, the pesticides in rain__________. A.exceed those in crop sprays B.can be traced back to crop spraysC.are not as toxic as they used to beD.are nothing but atrazine and alachlor 77. Muller and Bucheli found that 2,4-dinitrophenol_________. A. is widely used in agricultureB. exceeded atrazine in the rain samplesC. can be measured in the units of nanogramsD. was far in excess of limit in drinking water78.Scientists used to hypothesize that________.A. groundwater was sage for drinking waterB. herbicides and pesiticides were harmlessC. pesticides contaminated groundwater of drinking waterD. rain would minimize the pollution of drinking water79.Muller warns us not_________.A. to tap groundwater for drinking waterB. to use such roofing materials as bitumen sheetsC. to let the first flush of rain recharge underground waterD. to divert the first flush of rain into sewers without removing itsherbicides and pesticides80.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A. Drinking WaterB. Rainwater and Underground WaterC. Agriculture and PesticidesD. Falling Pesticides.Passage FiveFolk wisdom holds that the blind can hear better than people with sight. Scientists have a new reason to believe it.Research now indicates that blind and sighted people display the same skill at locating a sound’s origin when using both ears, but some blind people can home in on sounds more accurately than their sighted counterparts when all have one ear blocked. Canadian scientists described the work in the Sept. 17 NATURE.Participants in the study were tested individually in a sound-insulated room. They faced 16 small, concealed loudspeakers arrayed in a semicircle a few feet away. With a headrest keeping their heads steady, the participants pointed to the perceived origins of the sounds.The researchers tested eight blind people, who had been completely sightless from birth or since a very early age. They also tested three nearly blind persons, who had some residual vision at the periphery of their gaze; seven sighted people wearing blindfolds;and29sighted people without blindfolds.All participants were tested beforehand to ensure that their hearing was normal.When restricted to one-ear,or monaural, listening, four of the eight blind people identified sound sources more accurately than did the sighted people, says study co-author Michel Pare,a neuroscientist at the University of Montreal.The sighted people showed especially poor localization of sounds from the speakers on the side of the blocked ear.In sighted people who can hear with both ears, “the brain learns to rely on binaural〔stereo〕cues.These data suggest that blind people haven t learned that and Keep monaural cues as the dominant cues,”says Eric I.Knudsen,a neurobiologist at Stanford University School of Medicine, “I find it surprising.”81. One thing is sure that participants in the study__________.A.had normal hearingB.were born blindC.wore blindfoldsD.were divided into two groups’ 82. Under what conditions, according to Pare ,did the blind testees perform betterthan their sighted counterparts? A When both used one ear. B When the speakers were concealed. C. When the sounds were tuned down. D. When both were restricted to blindfolds. 83. Knudsen explained the better hearing on the part of the blind in terms of _________. A cognitive psychology B visual images C binaural cues D monaural cues 84. The Canadian scientists did their test to answer the question whether __________. A. the blind can hear as well as the sighted B. the blind have hearing capabilities C. blind people track sounds better D. folk wisdom iseducational. 85. What Folk wisdom holds in thepassage . A. was scientifically tested in Canada and U.S., with differentresults Produced B. has bean scientifically verified C. merits further investigation D. is surprising to everyone Passage Six “I got cancer in my prostrate.” Detective Andy Sipowicz of the fictional 15th Precinct, a stoic, big bear of a man, is clearly in a world of pain in a 1998 episode ofNYPD Blue. The story line deals not only with cancer but also with medical screw-ups, hospital indignities, and physician arrogance. The malapropism (Andy, of course, meant “prostate ”) is about the only medical detail the show got wrong-and it was deliberate, in keeping with Sipowicz ’s coarse but tenderhearted character. Television,which can still depict death as an event akin to fainting, is beginning to try harder to get its health information right.And a handful of foundations and consultants are working toget the attention of writers, producers, and assorted Hollywood moguls, trying to convince them that, in the area of medicine, the truthis as compelling asfiction. The stakes are high. Surveys show asurprising number of Americans get much of their basic health information not from their doctors, not eves from newspapers or news magazines, but from entertainment television. A survey by the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found that among people who watch soap operas at least twice a week-more than 38 million people-about half learned something about disease and its prevention from the daytime serials. Some 7 percent actually visited a doctor because of something they viewed. Certain television shows are naturals for health education. The ClintonAdministration has been quick so recognize the potency of the entertainment media as a health promoter. Secretary Donna Shalala, whose Department of Health and Human Services educates the public through traditional brochures and public serviceensure accuracy. “Entertainment television reaches the hearts and minds of millions of Americans,”she told U.S.News. “In recent years,I lave challenged television talk-show hosts,writers,and producers--as professionals,parents and citizens-to use this incredible power to help Americans get accurate public health information.”86. The story line “I got cancer in my prostrate” is intented to achieve a(n)________effect.A. amusingB. seriousC. puzzlingD. saddening87. The word malapropism in the first paragraph can be defined as________A. an improper scene in a showB. a significant detail of a storyC. a wrong use of a wordD. an interesting plot88. We can infer from the passage that__________A. TV shows must take into consideration the public health consequencesB. viewers of TV shows can distinguish between fiction and truthC. the TV staff are conscientiously responsible for the quality of their showsD. entertainment can be pursued at the cost of accuracy89. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage ?A. TV shows are often misleading in medical detailsB. TV’s role as a health promoter is already recognized.C. Official support is available for TV’s efforts to be scientific and accurateD. Entertainment is justified in making up absurd stories.90. The author would be in favor of .A. absurd but entertaining TV showsB. mixing medicine and entertainmentC. medical documentaries on TVD. a divorce between science and entertainment,。
2003年职称英语考试卫生类B级试题及答案
2003年职称英语考试卫生类B级试题及答案第1部分：词汇选项（第1~15题，每题1分，共15分）下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1 The high-speed trains can have a major impact on travel preferences.A influenceB forceC surpriseD power2 Can you follow the plot?A changeB investigateC understandD write3 Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is still needed.A mentalB physicalC naturalD hard4 In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed.A judgmentB resultC decisionD event5 Norman Blamey is an artist of deep convictions.A beliefsB statementsC suggestionsD claims6 Up to now, the work has been easy.A SoB So longC So farD So that7 The report advocated setting up day training colleges.A supposedB excitedC discussedD suggested8 Accordingly, a number of other methods have been employed.A AfterwardsB ThereforeC HoweverD Furthermore9 The outlook from the top of the mountain is breathtaking.A sightB viewC lookD point10 Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs.A tenselyB nearlyC closelyD carefully11 The union representative put across her argument very effectively.A inventedB explainedC consideredD accepted12 He talks tough but has a tender heart.A heavyB strongC wildD kind13 It is no use debating the relative merits of this policyA makingB takingC expectingD discussing14 Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing.A wasteB buyC sellD use15 The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters.A functionB abilityC volumeD power第2部分：阅读判断（第16~22题，每题1分，共7分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。
2003年南京大学考博英语真题试卷(精选)(题后含答案及解析)
2003年南京大学考博英语真题试卷（精选）(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. English-Chinese Translation 4. Chinese-English TranslationStructure and V ocabulary1．This platform would collapse if all of us______on it.A．standB．stoodC．would standD．had stood正确答案：B解析：本题是说如果我们都站在讲台上，它就会塌了。
本题考查的是一般现在时的虚拟语气结构，主句用would+动词，从句用一般过去式，因此B项正确。
2．The young man who saw the car______into the river telephoned the police.A．plungedB．plungeC．was plungingD．to plunge正确答案：B解析：本题意为“看见车陷入河里的年轻人给警察局打了电话”。
see sth．do 表示看到事物动作的整个过程，因此B项为正确答案。
3．You can come with me to the museum this afternoon______you don’t mind walking for haft an hour.A．unlessB．so far asC．exceptD．if正确答案：D解析：本题意为“如果你不介意走半个小时路的话，你今天下午就跟我一块去博物馆吧”。
只有D项符合题意。
4．We can rely on William to carry out this mission, for his judgment is always______.A．inexplicableB．healthyC．soundD．straight正确答案：C解析：本题后半句是说他的判断总是很正确。
2003清华大学考博英语真题阅读理解真题及其答案
2003清华大学考博英语真题阅读理解真题及其答案Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive,the science uncertain?That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way?Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades,some10million smokers went to early graves。
There are upsetting parallels today,as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences,enlisted by the White House,to tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made.The clear message is that we should get moving to protest ourselves.The president of the National Academy,Bruce Alberts,added this key point in the preface to the panel’s report:“Science never has all the answers。
年全国医学博士英语统考真题及参考答案
年全国医学博⼠英语统考真题及参考答案2010年全国医学博⼠外语统⼀考试英语试卷答题须知1.请考⽣⾸先将⾃⼰的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在标准答题卡上认真填写清楚，并按“考场指令”要求，在标准答题卡上，将准考证号相应的位置涂好。
2.试卷⼀（paper one）和试卷⼆（paper two）答案都做在标准答题卡上，书⾯表达⼀定要⽤⿊⾊签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域，不要做在试卷上。
3.试卷⼀答题答题时必须使⽤2B铅笔，将所选答案按要求在相应位置涂⿊；如要更正，先⽤橡⽪擦⼲净。
4.标准答题卡不可折叠，同时必须保持平整⼲净，以利评分。
5.听⼒考试只放⼀遍录⾳，每道题后有15秒左右的答题时间。
Paper OnePart I Listening comprehension(30%)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversions between two speakers. At the end of each conversion, you will hear a question about what is said. The question willbe read only once. After you hear the question, read the four possible answers markedA, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on theANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day.Question: What’s the matter with the womanYou will read:A. She is sick.B. She was bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerADNow let’s begin with question Number 1.1. A. She’s looking for a gift.B. She needs a new purse.C. She’s going to give a birthday party.D. She wants to go shopping with her mom.2. A. She hears noises in her ears day and night.B. She has been overworking for a long time.C. Her right ear, hurt in an accident, is troubling her.D. Her ear rings are giving her trouble day and night.3. A. He’ll go to see Mr. White at 10:30 tomorrow.B. He’d like to make an earlier appointment.C. He’d like to cancel the appointment.D. He’d like to see another dentist.4. A. 8:00 B. 8:15 C. 8:40 D. 8:455. A. In a hotel. B. At a fast food bar.C. In the supermarket.D. In the department store.6. A. To resign right away.B.To work one more day as chairman.C.To think twice before he make the decision.D.To receive further training upon his resignation.7. A. She didn’t do anything in particular.B.She send a wounded person to the ER.C.She had to work in the ER.D.She went skiing.8. A. A customs officer. B. The man’s mother.C. A school headmaster.D. An immigration officer.9. A. It feels as if the room is going around.B.It feels like a kind of unsteadiness.C.It feels as if she is falling down.D.It feels as if she is going around.10. A. John has hidden something in the tree.B.John himself should be blamed.C.John has a dog that barks a lot.D.John is unlucky.11. A. The chemistry homework is difficult.B.The chemistry homework is fun.C.The math homework is difficult.D.The math homework is fun.12. A. His backache. B. His broken leg.C. His skin problem.D. His eye condition.13. A. Whooping cough, smallpox and measles.B.Whooping cough, chickenpox and measles.C.Whooping cough, smallpox and German measles.D.Whooping cough, chickenpox and German measles.14. A. Saturday morning. B. Saturday night.C. Saturday afternoon.D. Next weekend.15. A. He’s lost his notebook.B.His handwriting is messy.C.He’ll miss class latter this week.D.He cannot make it for his appointment.Section BDirections: In this section you will hear one conversion and two passages, after each of which, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible answers marked A,B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on theANSWER SHEET.Conversation16. A. He is having a physical checkup.B.He has just undergone an operation.C.He has just recovered from an illness.D.He will be discharged from the hospital this afternoon.17. A. He got an infection in the lungs.B.He had his gallbladder inflamed.C.He was suffering from influenza.D.He had developed a big kidney tone.18. A. A lot better. B. Terribly awful.C. Couldn’t be better.D. Okay, but a bit weak.19. A. To be confined to a wheelchair.B.To stay indoors for a complete recovery.C.To stay in bed and drink a lot of water.D.To move about and enjoy the sunshine.20. A. From 4 pm to 6 pm. B. From 5 pm to 7 pm.C. From 6 pm to 8 pm.D. From 7 pm to 9 pm.Passage One21. A. The link between weight loss and sleep deprivation.B.The link between weight gain and sleep deprivation.C.The link between weight loss and physical exercise.D.The link between weight gain and physical exercise.22. A. More than 68,000. B. More than 60,800.C. More than 60,080.D. More than 60,008.23. A. Sever-hour sleepers gained more weight over time than 5-hour ones.B.Five-hour sleepers gained more weight over time than 7-hour ones.C.Short-sleepers were 15% more likely to become obese.D.Short-sleepers consumed fewer calories than long sleepers.24. A. Overeating among the sleep-deprived.B.Little exercise among the sleep-deprived.C.Lower metabolic rate resulting from less sleep.D.Higher metabolic rate resulting from less sleep.25. A. Exercise every day. B. Take diet pills.C. Go on a diet.D. Sleep more.Passage Two26. A. She is too hard on me.B.She asks too many questions.C.She is always considerate of my feelings.D.She is the meanest mother in the neighborhood.27. A. A university instructor. B. A teaching assistant.C. A phD student.D. A psychiatrist.28. A. They usually say no.B.They usually say yes.C.They usually wait and see.D.They usually refuse to say anything.29. A. They are overconfident.B.Their brains grow too fast.C.They are psychologically dependent.D.Their brains are still immature in some areas.30. A. Be easy on your teen.B.Try to be mean to your teen.C.Say no to your teen when necessary.D.Don’t care about your teen’s feelings.Part II Vocabulary (10%)Section ADirections: In this section all the statements are incomplete, beneath each of which are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can bestcomplete the statement and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWERSHEET.31. A number of black youths have complained of being by the police.A. harassedB. distractedC. sentencedD. released32. He rapidly became with his own power in the team.A. irrigatedB. irradiatedC. streetlightD. torchlight33. Throughout his political career he has always been in the .A. twilightB. spotlightC. streetlightD. torchlight34. We that diet is related to most types of cancer but we don’t have definite proof.A. suspendB. superveneC. superviseD. suspect35. A patient who is dying of incurable cancer of the throat is in terrible pain, which can nolonger be satisfactorily .A. alleviatedB. abolishedC. demolishedD. diminished36. The television station is supported by from foundations and other sources.A. donationsB. pensionsC. advertisementsD. accounts37. More legislation is needed to protect the property rights of the patent.A. integrativeB. intellectualC. intelligent38. Officials are supposed to themselves to the welfare and health of the generalpublic.A. adaptB. confineC. commitD. assess39. You should stop your condition and do something about it.A. drawing onB. touching onC. leaning onD. dwelling on40. The author of the book has shown his remarkably keen into human nature.A. perspectiveB. dimensionC. insightD. reflectionSection BDirections: In this section each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined, beneath which are four words or phrase. Choose the word or phrase which canbest keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for theunderlined part. Then mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.41.The chemical was found to be detrimental to human health.A. toxicB. immuneC. sensitiveD. allergic42.It will be a devastating blow for the patient, if the clinic closes.A. permanentB. desperateC. destructiveD. sudden43.He kept telling us about his operation in the most graphic detail.A. verifiableB. explicitC. preciseD. ambiguous44.The difficult case tested the ingenuity of even the most skillful physician.A. credibilityB. commitmentC. honestyD. talent45.He left immediately on the pretext that he had to catch a train.A. claimB. clueC. excuseD. talent46.The nurse was filled with remorse of not believing her .A. anguishB. regretC. apologyD. grief47.The doctor tried to find a tactful way of telling her the truth.A. delicateB. communicativeC. skillfulD. considerate48.Whether a person likes a routine office job or not depends largely on temperament.A. dispositionB. qualificationC. temptationD. endorsement49.The doctor ruled out Friday’s surgery for the patient’s unexpected complications.A. confirmedB. facilitatedC. postponedD. cancelled50.It is not easy to remain tranquil when events suddenly change your life.A. cautiousB. motionlessC. calmD. alertPart III Cloze(10%)Directions: In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For each blank, there are four choice marked A, B, C and D listed on the right side. Choose the best answer andmark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Experts say about 1% of young women in the United States are almost starving themselves today. They are suffering from a sickness called anorexia.These young women have an abnormal fear of getting fat. They 51 starve themselves so they weigh at 15% less than their normal weight.The National Institute of Mental Health says one 52 ten cases of anorexia leads to serious medical problems. These patients can die from heart failure or the disease can lead young women to 53 themselves. For example, former gymnast Christy Henrich died at age 22. She weighed only61 pounds.A person with anorexia first develops joint and muscle problems. There is a lack of iron in the blood. 54 the sickness progresses, a young woman’s breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure rates slow down. The important substance calcium is 55 from the bones, something causing bones to break. Sometimes the brain gets smaller, causing changes in 56 a person thinks and acts. Scientists say many patients have further mental and emotional problems. They have 57 opinions about themselves. They feel helpless. Their attempts to become extremely thin may 58 efforts to take control of their lives. They may become dependent on illegal drugs. Some people also feel the need to continually repeat a(n) 59 . For example, they may repeatedly wash their hands although their hands are clean.Anorexia is a serious eating 60 .If it is not treated on time, it can be fatal.51. A. specifically B. purposely C. particularly D. passionately52. A. from B. of C. at D. in53. A. kill B. starve C. abuse D. worsen54. A. When B. While C. As D. Since55. A. lost B. derived C. generated D. synthesized56. A. what B. why C. how D. which57. A. good B. high C. lower D. poor58. A. represent B. make C. present D. exert59. A. medication B. illusion C. motion D. action60. A. habit B. behavior C. disorder D. patternPart IV Reading Comprehension(30%)Direction:In this part there are six passages, each of which is followed by five questions. For each question there are four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the bestanswer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneChildren should avoid using mobile phones for all but essential calls because of possible health effects on young brains. This is one of the expected conclusions of an official government report to be published this week. The report is expected to call for the mobile phone industry to refrain from promoting phone use by children, and to start labeling phones with data on the amount of radiation they emit.The Independent Expert Group on Mobile Phones, chaired by former government chief scientist William Stewart, has spent eight months reviewing existing scientific evidence on all aspects of the health effects of using mobile phones. Its report is believed to conclude that because we don’t fully understand the nonthermal effects of radiation on human tissue, the government should adopt a precautionary approach, particularly in relation to children.There is currently no evidence that mobile phones harm users or people living near transmitter masts. But some studies show that cell-phones operating at radiation levels within current safety limits do have some sort of biological effect on the brain.John Tattersall, a researcher on the health effects of radiation at the Defense Evaluation and Research Agency’s site at Porton Down, agrees that it might be wise to limit phone use by children. “If you have a developing nervous system, it’s known to be more susceptible to environmental insults,” he says,“So if phones did prove to be hazardous——which they haven’t yet ——it would be sensible.”In 1998, Tattersall showed that radiation levels similar to those emitted by mobile phones could alter signals from brain cells in slices of rat brain, “What we’ve found is an effect, but we don’t know if it’s hazardous,” he says.Alan Preece of the University of Bristol, who found last year that microwaves increase reaction times in test subjects, agreed that children’s exposure would be greater. “There’s a lot less tissue in the way, and the skill is thinner, so children’s heads are considerably closer,” he says.Stewart’s report is likely to recommend that the current British safety standards on energy emissions from cell-phones should be cut to the level recommended by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, which is one-fifth of the current British limit. “The extra safety factor of five is somewhat arbitrary,” says Michael Clark of th e National Radiological Protection Board. “But we accept that it’s difficult for the UK to have different standards from an international body.”61. Just because it has not been confirmed yet whether mobile phone emissions can harm humantissue, according to the government report, does not mean that .A. the government should prohibit children from using cell-phonesB. we should put down the phone for the sake of safetyC. the industry can have a right to promote phone useD. children are safe using cell-phones62. Tattersall argues that it is wise to refrain mobile phone use by children in termsof .A. their neural developmentB. their ill-designed cell-phonesC. the frequency of their irrational useD. their ignorance of its possible health effects63. On the issue in question, Preece .A. does not agree with TattersallB. tries to remove the obstacles in the wayC. asks for further investigationD. would stand by Stewart64. What is worrisome at present is that the UK .A. is going to turn deaf ears to the voice of Stesart’s planB. finds it difficult to cut the current safety standards on phone useC. maintains different standards on safety limit from the international onesD. does not even impose safety limit on the mobile phones’ energy emissions65．Which of the following can bi the best candidate for the title of the passageA . Brain Wave B. For Adults OnlyC. Catch Them YoungD. The Answer in the AirPassage TwoAdvances in cosmetic dentistry and plastic surgery have made it possible to correct facial birth defects, repair damaged teeth and tissue, and prevent or greatly delay the onset of tooth decay and gum disease. As a result, more people smile more often and more openly today than ever in the past, and we can expect more smiles in the future.Evidence of the smile’s ascent may be seen in famous paintings in museums and galleries throughout the world. The vast majority of prosperous bigwigs(要⼈),voluptuous nudes, ormiddle-class family members in formal portraits and domestic scenes appear to have their mouths firmly closed. Soldiers in battle, children at play, beggars, old people, and especially villains may have their mouths open; but their smiles are seldom attractive, and more often suggest strain or violence than joy.Smiles convey a wide range of meanings in different eras and cultures, says art historian Angus Trumble, currently curator(馆长)of Yale University’s Center for British Art, in his book A Brief History of the Smile. Compare, for instance, the varying impressions made by the shy dimples(酒窝)of Leonardo’s Mona Lisa; the rosy-cheeked, mustachioed Laughing Cavalier of Frans Hals; and the”Smiley Face”logo perfected(though not invented)in 1963 by American graphic artist Harvey .In some non-Western cultures, Trumble notes, even a warm, open smile does not necessarily indicate pleasure or agreement. It can simply be a polite mask to cover emotions considered too rude or shocking to bi openly displayed.Subtle differences in muscle movement can convey enormous differences in emotion, from the tranquility of bronze Buddhas, to the erotic bliss of couples entwined in stone on Hindu temples, to the fierce smirk(假笑)of a guardian demon at the entrance to a Chinese tomb.Trumble expects the impact of Western medicine and mass media to further increase the pressure on people to grin broadly and laugh openly in public.”Faint smiles are increasingly thought of in scientific and psychological circles as something that falls short of the true smile ,”and therefore suggest insincerity or lack of enthusiasm, he says.With tattooing, boby piercing, and permanent cosmetics already well established as fashion trends, one can imagine tomorrow’s beauty shops adding plastic surgeons and dentists to their staffs. These comer-store cosmeticians would offer style makeovers to reshape our lips, teeth, and jawlines to mimic the signature smile of one’s favorite celebrity.What can you say to that except” Have a nice day”66. Had it not been for cosmetic advances, as inferred from the passage, .A . people would not have been as happy as they are todayB. the rate of facial birth defect would not have declinedC . there would not have been many more open smilesD. we would not have seen smiling faces in public67. According to the passage, it seems that whether there is a smile or not in the portraits orpictures is decided by .A. one’s internal sense of the external worldB . one’s identity or social positionC . one’s times of existenceD . All of the above68. Trumble’s study on smiles shows that .A. an open smile can serve as a cover-upB . the famous portraits radiate varying smilesC. even the human muscles can arouse varying emotionsD. smiles can represent misinterpretations of different eras and cultures69. What Trumble expects to see is .A. the increasing tendency of broad grins and open smiles in publicB . further impact of Western medicine upon non-Western culturesC. a wider range of meanings to be conveyed by smilesD. more of sincerity and enthusiasm in public70 . At the end of the passage, the author implicates .A. a fortune to come with cosmetic advancesB . an identical smile for everybobyC . future changes in life styleD . the future of smilesPassage ThreeAdolf Hitler survived an assassination attempt in 1944 with the lamp of penicillin made by the Allies, a microbiologist in the UK claims. If the Nazi leader had died from bacterial infection of his many wounds, the Second World War might have been over a year earlier, saving millions of lives, says Milton Wainwright of the University of Sheffield, a noted historian of microbiology.In a paper to be published soon in Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, Wainwright reveals first-hand evidence that Hitler was treated with penicillin by his personal doctor, Theo Morrell, following an assassination attempt in which a bomb in a suitcase exploded next to Hitler’s desk. Hitler was badly hurt, fleeing the scene with his hair and trousers on fire, a badly bleeding arm and countless wooden splinter wounds from the oak table that probably saved his life.Wainwright found confirmation that Morrell gave Hitler antibiotics as a precaution in a recent translation of Morrell’s own diary. “I happened to be reading it for interest when the word penicillin jumped out at me,” he says. He then set about trying to establish where Morrell might have got the drug.At the time, penicillin was available only to the Allies. German and Czechoslovakian teams had tried without much success to make it, Wainwright says, but the small quantities that were available were weak and impure. “It’s g enerally accepted that it was no good,” says Wainwright.He reasons that Morrell would only have risked giving Hitler penicillin to prevent infections if he were confident that the antibiotic would cure, not kill the German premier. “My research shows that Morrell, in a very dodgy(危险的) position as Hitler’s doctor, would only have used pure stuff.” And the only reliable penicillin was that made by the Allies. So where did Morrell get itWainwright’s investigations revealed that Allied airmen carried penicillin, so the Germans may have confiscated some from prisoners of war. The other more likely source is from neutral countries such Spain, which received penicillin from Allied countries for humanitarian purposes, perhaps for treating sick children.“I have proof the Allies were sending it to these countries,” says Wainwright. “I’m saying this would have got through in diplomatic bags, reaching Hitler’s doctor and the higher echelons(阶层)of the Nazi party. So this was almost certainly pure, Allied penicillin.”“We can never be certain it saved Hitler’s life,” says Wainwright. But he notes that one of Hitler’s henchmen(死党)，Reinhard Heydrich, died from blood poisoning after surviving acar-bomb assassination attempt. “Hair from his seat went into his wounds and gave him septicemia,” says Wainwright. Morrell may have been anxious to ensure that Hitler avoided the same fate.71. According to Wainwright, Adolf Hitler .A. might have used biological weapons in the warB. could not have committed suicide as confirmedC. could have died of bacterial infectionD. might have survived a bacterial plague72. Following his assassination in 1944, Adolf Hitler .A. began to exercise precautions against his personal attacksB. was anxious to have penicillin developed in his countryC. received an jinjection of penicillin for blood poisoningD. was suspected of being likely to get infected73. As Wainwright reasons, H itler’s personal doctor .A. cannot have dared to prescribe German-made penicillin to himB. need not have used pure antibiotic for his suspect infectionC. would have had every reason to assassinate himD. must have tried to produce penicillin74. Wainwright implies that the Third Reich .A. met the fate of collapse as expectedB. butchered millions of lives on the earthC. was severely struck by bacterial plaguesD. did have channels to obtain pure penicillin75.Which of the following can be the best title for the passageA.How Hitler Manage to Survive Assassination AttemptsB.Morrell Loyal to His German PrimierC.Hitler Saved by Allied DrugsD.Penicillin Abused in GermanPassage FourGet ready for a new kind of machine at your local gym: one that doesn’t involve huffing and puffing as you burn off calories. Instead, all you have to do is stand still for 30 seconds while the machine measures your body fat. It could then tell you exactly where you could do with losing a few pounds and even advise you on exercises for your problem areas. If the body fat scanner turns out to be accurate enough, its makers hope it could one day help doctors spot disease.The scanner works by simultaneously building up an accurate 3D image of the body, while measuring the body’s effect on an electromagnetic field. Combining the two measurements allows the researchers to work out the distribution of fat and water within. Neither method is new on itsown, says Henri Tapp, at the Institute of Food Research in Norwich in the UK. “The smart thing is that we’ve put them in one machine.”And it’s not just for gym users. The body fat scanner could be used to study fat deposition as children develop, while patients recover from injury, or during pregnancy. And since it uses radio waves rather than X-rays, Tapp’s device is safe to use repeatedly.Body shape is known to be a risk indicator for heart disease and diabetes. So accurately quantifying fat distribution could help doctors suggest preventive measures to patients before problems arise. At the moment, doctors estimate fat content from knowing body volume and water content. To a good approximation, says Tapp, anything that isn’t fat is water. The amount of water in the body is often measured by giving the subject a drink of water that contains a radioactive tracer. The level of tracer in the patient's urine after three hours reveals the total water volume.To find out a body’s volume, subjects are weighed while totally submerged in water, and this is subtracted from their normal weight to give the weight of water displaced, and hence the subject’s volume. But it is scarcely practical for seriously ill people.There are other ways to directly measure body fat, such as passing a minuscule current between the wrists and feet. The overall fat content can then be estimated from the body’s resistance. But this method doesn’t take body shape into account ——so a subject with particularly skinny legs might register a higher fat content than the true value. That’s because skinny legs—with a lower cross-sectional area——will present higher resistance to current. So the machine thinks the water content of the body is lower——rating the subject as fatter. Also, the system can only give an overall measurement of fat.Tapp’s method uses similar calculations, but is more sophisticated because it tells you where you are piling on the pounds.76. The new machine is designed .A. to picture the body’s hidden fatB. to identify those at risk for obesityC. to help clinically treat specific casesD. to measure accurately risky obesity-related effects77. The beauty of the device, according to Tapp, is that .A. it performs a dual functionB. it is of great accuracy in measurementC. it has significant implications in clinical practiceD. it contributes to the evolution of human anatomy78.Which of the following, according to the passage, does the machine have the potential tospareA. A minuscule current.B. A radioactive tracer.C. A water tank.D. All of the above.79.In comparison with the techniques mentioned in the passage, the body fat scanner .A. quickens the pace of the patient’s rehabilitationB. is highly appreciated for its safetyC. features its measuring precisionD. is easy to operate in the clinic80.For scanning, all the subject has to do is .A. take up a form of workout in the gymB. turn round the body fat scannerC. lie on the electromagnetic fieldD. sand in the systemPassage FiveThere is currently abroad a new wave of appreciation for breadth of knowledge. Curricula at universalities and colleges and programs in federal agencies extol(赞扬) the virtues of a broad education. For scientists who work in specialized jobs, it is a pleasure to escape in our spare time to read broadly in fields distant from our own. Some of us have made interdisciplinary study our occupation, which is no surprise, because much of the intellectual action in our society today lies at the interfaces between traditional disciplines. Environmental science is a good example, because it frequently requires us to be conversant in several different sciences and even some unscientific fields.Experiencing this breadth of knowledge is stimulating, but so is delving deeply into a subject. Both are wonderful experiences that are complementary practical and aesthetic(美学的)ways. They are like viewing the marvelous sculpture of knowledge in two different ways. Look at the sculpture from one perspective and you see the piece in its entirety, how its components connect to give it form, balance, and symmetry. From another viewpoint you see its detail, depth, and mass. There is no need to choose between these two perspectives in art. To do so would subtract from the totality of the figure.So it is with science. Sometimes we gaze through a subject and are reluctant to stop for too much detail. As chemists, we are fascinated by computer sciences or molecular genetics, but not enough to become an expert. Or we may be interested in an analytical technique but not enough to stay at its cutting edge. At other times, we become immersed in the detail of a subject and see its beauty in an entirely different way than when we browse. It is as if we penetrate the surface of the sculpture and pass through the crystal structure to the molecular level where the code for the entire structure is revealed. Unfortunately, in our zeal for breadth or depth, we often feel that it is necessary to diminish the value of the other. Specialists are sometimes ridiculed with names such as “nerd”or “technocrats”, generalists are often criticized for being too “soft” or knowing too little about any one thing. Both are ludicrous(可笑的) accusations that deny a part of the reality of environmental science. Let us not be divided by our passion for depth or breadth. The beauty that awaits us on either route is too precious to stifle, too wonderful to diminish by bickering(争吵).81. From a broad education to interdisciplinary study, we can see .A. the integration of theory with practiceB. the enthusiasm for breadth of knowledgeC. the rapid division of traditional disciplinesD. the confrontation between specialists and generalists82. The commentator would say that the totality of the sculpture of knowledge .A. is mainly composed of two elementsB. presents two different points of viewC. cannot be perceived from one perspective。
2003年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题及详解【圣才出品】
2003年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题及详解[听力音频]Paper OnePart ⅠListening Comprehension (30%)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question aboutwhat is said. The question will be read only once. After you hear thequestion, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choosethe best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWERSHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day.Question: What’s the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She was bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Now let’s begin with question Number 1.1. A. A shop assistant.B. A physician.C. A pediatrician.D. An ophthalmologist.【答案】D【解析】通过对话中的glasses和vision-chart可知女士是名眼科医师。
2003医博统考听力题解析原文
2003年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题Paper OnePart ⅠListening Comprehension (30 %)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said. The question will be read only once. After you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Listen to the following example. You will hear:Woman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day.Question: What’s the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She was bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Sample AnswerA B DNow let’s begin with question Number 1.1. A. A shop assistant. B. A physician. C. A pediatrician. D. An ophthalmologist.2. A. To make a call to the hospital. B. To go to the man’s house immediately.C. To expect the doctor’s call.D. To take a message.3. A. There’s only one point he doesn’t understand.B. He refuses to take any help.C. These q uestions won’t be on the exam.D. He would like some help.4. A. Dr. Smith isn’t a good choice.B. She’s never been treated by Dr. Smith.C. She’s been sitting in the waiting room for too long.D. She’d like to recommend a magazine t o the man.5. A. The man has seen the fungi for three times.B. The man is not careful enough.C. The man has been watching it for three days.D. The man is the woman’s teacher.6. A. He was fired. B. He was blamed for bad service.C. He was promoted.D. He was warned not to be late again.7. A. People enjoy shopping in the drug store.B. People spend little time in the drug store.C. People who spent shorter time in the store are more likely to buy something there.D. People spend too much time reading articles about quick cures sold there.8. A. His computer doesn’t work.B. He doesn’t understand his stuff working on computer.C. He registered for the wrong course.D. He doesn’t know how to apply the computer theories.9. A. It is easy to take care of her three teenage boys.B. Nancy’s life is easy compared with the woman’s.C. Nancy lives a more difficult life.D. Nancy would like to take care of her three boys.10. A. New York. B. San Francisco. C. Seattle. D. San Diego.11. A. Sunny bought a new computer. B. Sunny got a bargain.C. Mike bought a new computer.D. Mike got a bargain.12. A. The patient is ringing a bell. B. Her name sounds beautiful.C. Nancy Johnson is ringing the bell now.D. Her name sounds familiar.13. A. The woman doesn’t like orange juice. B. The woman forgot to buy orange juice.C. The man was in a car crash this morning.D. The man broke the container of juice.14. A. John is a plumber.B. John was too busy to come.C. John was not at home when the woman called.D. The woman dialed the wrong number.15. A. His luck ha sn’t been good. B. He is a lucky man.C. He decided not to do the lottery again.D. He doesn’t care about money.Section BDirections: In this section you will hear three passages. After each one, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage One16. A. Bridge-building experts. B. Washington Roebling.C. John Roebling.D. The Roeblings.17. A. Only the Roeblings had confidence in it.B. It came up against financial problems.C. Experts showed great interest.D. It took John Roeblings 13 years to complete the project.18. A. He was killed at the building site. B. He was injured in a traffic accident.C. He was seriously eyesight-damaged.D. He was seriously brain-damaged.19. A. His language. B. His limbs. C. His brain. D. His mind.20. A. Because the project was spectacular.B. Because the project seemed impossible.C. Because the building instructions were given with one finger.D. All of the above.Passage Two21. A. The American population increased by 40 percent.B. So many school children died of polio in the nation.C. A polio plague swept the nation.D. A polio vaccine was developed.22. A. A vaccine for polio. B. A rare form of cancer.C. A disease similar to AIDS.D. A virus from monkeys.23. A. They were at risk of getting cancer.B. They became victims of poliomyelitis.C. They were involved in a medical investigation.D. They were injected with tainted vaccines.24. A. 30 percent. B. 40 percent. C. 50 percent. D. 60 percent.25. A. All the injections given 40 years ago were contaminated.B. The contaminated vaccines may cause cancer in humans.C. Vaccines are responsible for brain tumors.D. Brain tumors had increased by 40%.Passage Three26. A. 1969. B. 1977. C. 1997. D. 2000.27. A. To help answer parents’ questions about children’s growth.B. To separate fat babies from normal ones.C. To rev ise the familiar children’s growth chart.D. To identify whether a person is overweight.28. A. It can differentiate between fat babies and thin.B. It can identify a child’s possibility of growing fat from babyhood.C. It can give par ents some advice on children’s diet.D. It can remind parents of something they neglected in their childhood.29. A. When his BMI is at 23rd percentile or above.B. When his BMI is at 75th percentile or above.C. When his BMI is at 95th percentile or above.D. When his BMI is at 97th percentile or above.30. A. Setting a good example for their children.B. Disciplining their children.C. Reflecting the nature of modem-day life.D. Changing their children’s hea lth behavior.2003年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析Paper OnePart ⅠListening Comprehension(30%)Section A1. D 通过对话中的glasses和vision-chart可知女士是名眼科医师。
北京大学2003-2006年博士研究生入学考试英语真题
北京大学2003-2006年博士研究生入学考试英语真题北京大学2003年博士研究生入学考试英语真题Part Ⅰ Structure and Written ExpressionDirections:In each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put the letter of your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. 1. Recognizing the shortage of time available to spend with their children, working, mothers sometimes take ______ in the concept of "quality time".A. refugeB. prideC. placeD. action2. The term "New Australians" came into vogue in the 50s and 60s, which implied that the goal of immigration was assimilation and that migrants would place their new-found Australian identity ahead of the ______ context from which they had come.A. athleticB. ethicC. aestheticD. ethnic3. Scholarships are too few to ______ the high-school graduates who deserve a college education.A. meetB. accommodateC. compromiseD. adopt4. The study shows that laying too much emphasis on exams is likely to ______ students' enthusiasm in learning English.A. hold backB. hold offC. hold downD. hold over5. The robber tried to ______ the stolen goods from the house he had broken into, but was caught by the guards.A. make away withB. make off forC. get outD. get through6. The editors said they must report to the world how Beijing has ______ pollution and improved the quality of the environment.A. cut upB. cut offC. cut downD. cut out7. If drug abuse, prostitution, pollution, environmental decay, social inequality, and the like ______, more is required than an increased police presence or a fresh coat of paint.A. are to eliminateB. are eliminatedC. are to be eliminatedD. are being eliminated8. This toothed whale has a large, square head with ______ the so-called spermaceti.A. cavity to containB. cavity containingC. the cavity for containingD. a cavity that contains9. ______, the market will have to overcome some of the highest hurdles. It's seen in a long time.A. But to happen in that orderB. But for that in order to happenC. But in order that to happenD. But in order for that to happen10. With its anti-terrorism campaign taking ______ over anything else, thegovernment is extending its job and running in more affairs.A. superiorityB. priorityC. majorityD. polarity11. The gap between those at the lowest level and those at the highest level of income has increased ______, and is continuing to increase.A. substantiallyB. successfullyC. succinctlyD. sufficiently12. China's economic reform is aimed at separating enterprises from the government. It has been implemented for almost 20 years, but breakthroughs ______.A. have been made yetB. have yet to makeC. have yet to be madeD. to have yet made13. Several trial efforts in the 1980s proved that it was financially ______ to restore old buildings.A. feasibleB. probableC. beneficiaryD. passable14. Unloved and unwanted youngsters may be tempted to run away from home to escape their problems, ______ bigger ones in cities plagued with crime, drugs, and immorality.A. have only foundB. only findingC. only foundD. only to find15. If the struggle for a sustainable society _____, we must have some vision of what we are aiming for.A. is to succeedB. has succeededC. succeedsD. succeeded16. A trap _____ disguise is what has come to be called a Trojan Horse, from the ancient story of the gift of the wooden horse from the Greeks.A. offered as a gift inB. offers a gift inC. offering a gift toD. offered a gift of17. Telecommuting is a new form of work _____to work, such as fathers with children, the chance to work while remaining at home.A. that affording those unable previouslyB. affords those who were previously unableC. affording those previously unableD. afforded those previously unable18. _____ the passage of light, many new plastics are processed using technologies rivaling those used in the manufacture of computer chips.A. For the better ofB. Permitting betterC. To better permitD. It is better for19. The Flower Market in San Francisco is _____, and it was established in the 1930's.A. home of the second largest flower market in the countryB. home to the country's second largest flower marketC. the second flower market in the country's homeD. the home to the second country's large flower market20. The loyalty of dogs to their masters has earned _____ "man's best friend".A. the nickname ofB. them the nicknameC. a nicknameD. nicknamesPart Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: Each of the passages is followed by some questions. For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (10%)Passage One(1) Gerald Feinberg, the Columbia University physicist, once went so far as to declare that "everything possible will eventually be accomplished." Well, that of course left only the impossible as the one thing remaining for daring intellectual adventurers to whittle away at Feinberg, for one, thought that "they'd succeed even there."(2) It was a point worth considering. How many times in the past had certain things been said to be impossible, only to have it turn out shortly thereafter that the item in question had already been done or soon would be. What greater cliche was there in the history of science than the comic litany of false it-couldn't-be-dones; the infamous case of Auguste Comte saying in 1844 that it would never be known what the stars were made of, followed in a few years by the spectroscope being applied to starlight to reveal the stars' chemical composition; or the case of Lord Rutherford, the man who discovered the structure of the atom, saying in 1933 mat dreams of controlled nuclear fission were "moonshine." And those weren't even the worst examples. No, the huffiest of all it-couldn't-be-done claims centered on the notion that human beings could actually fly, either at all, or across long distances, or to the moon, the stars, or wherever else.(3) There had been so many embarrassments of this type that about mid-century Arthur C. Clarke came out with a guideline for avoiding them, which he termed Clarke's Law: "When a distinguished but elderly scientist states that something is possible, he is almost certainly right. When he states that something is impossible, he is very probably wrong."(4) Still, one had to admit there were lots of things left that were really and truly impossible, even if it took some ingenuity in coming up with a proper list of examples. Such as. "A camel cannot pass through the eye of a needle." (Well, unless of course it was a very large needle.) On "It is impossible for a door to be simultaneously open and closed." (Well, unless of course it was a revolving door.)(5) Indeed, watertight examples of the really and truly impossible were so exceptionally hard to come by that paradigm cases turned out to be either trivial or absurd. "I know I will never play the piano like Vladimir Horowitz," offered Milton Rothman, a physicist, "no matter how hard I try". Or, from Scott Lankford, a mountaineer "Everest on roller skates."21. The false it-couldn't-be-dones in science are comic because ______.A. they are cliches, repeated too often by scientistsB. they are almost always proved to be wrong by later scientific researchC. they are mocked at by later generationsD. they provide material for good comedies22. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. The author uses the case of a camel passing through the eye of a needle to prove his point that there are things impossible to accomplish.B. That a scientist cannot play the piano like one of the best pianists is not a proper illustration to prove that in science there are things impossible to accomplish.C. Scott Lankford challenges the idea that mountaineers can never climb the Everest on roller skates.D. People now laugh at their predecessors for denying the possibility of human flight.23. Through this passage, the author wants to ______.A. show us that scientists in the past years have made a lot of misjudgmentsB. praise those scientists who dared to challenge the impossibleC. emphasize the great potential of the scientific research made by human beingsD. analyze what is possible and what is impossible through scientific effortsPassage Two(1) Since the lineage of investigative journalism is most directly traceable to the progressive era of the early 1900's, it is not surprising that the President of the United States at the time was among the first to articulate its political dimensions. Theodore Roosevelt called investigative reporters "muckrakers," after a character from John Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress who humbly cleaned "the filth off the floor." Despite the misgivings implied by the comparison, Roosevelt saw the muckrakers as "often indispensable to the well-being of society".(2) There are in the body politic, economic and social, many and grave evils, and there is urgent necessity for the sternest war upon them. There should be relentless exposure of and attack upon every evil man, whether politician or businessman.(3) Roosevelt recognized the value-laden character of investigative journalism. He perceived correctly that investigative reporters are committed to unearthing wrongdoing. For these journalists, disclosures of morally outrageous conduct maximize the opportunity for the forces of "good" to recognize and do battle with the forces of "evil".(4) So, the current folklore surrounding investigative reporting closely resembles the American ideal of popular democracy. Partly a product of its muckraking roots, this idealized perspective is also an outgrowth of the commonly perceived effects of exposes published in the early 1970's. The most celebrated of these exposes were the news stories that linked top White House officials to Watergate crimes. These stories were widely held responsible for the public's loss of confidence in the Nixon administration, ultimately forcing the President's resignation.24. When the author talks about the political dimensions of the investigative journalism he refers to ______.A. John Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress and one of its characters "Muckrakers"B. its function of cleaning the dirt off the floor in public placesC. its relentless exposures of political and social evilsD. its indispensable status to the well-being of society25. Roosevelt's comparison of investigative reporters to "muckrakers" shows his view that these reporters ______.A. were treated lowly in the societyB. reduced journalism to a humble jobC. should be praised highly for their contributions to the societyD. did unpleasant but necessary work26. By using the word "folklore", the author suggests that ______.A. people tend to romanticize what is thought to be American popular democracyB. investigative journalism enhances democracy and freedomC. people often circulate the stories they read from investigative reportsD. investigative reports have difficulty in convincing people as truth27. The Watergate incident is mentioned to show ______.A. journalism has a tangible effect on politicsB. the Watergate incident is an abuse of the political powerC. journalism subverts legitimate political powerD. the victory of American freedom of speechPassage Three(1) Viewed from a star in some other corner of the galaxy, Earth would be a speck, a faint blue dot hidden in the blazing light of our sun. While our neighbors Venus and Mars would reflect a fairly even glow. Earth would put on a little show. Earth's light would brighten and dim as it spins, because oceans, deserts, forests and clouds which are all too small to be seen from such a distance, reflect varying amounts of sunlight. The variations, it turns out, are so strong and distinctive that surprising amount of information could be taken from a simple ebb and flow of light. Scientists at Princeton University and the Institute for Advanced Study conducted a detailed study of Earth's reflections as a way for human scientists to learn about distant planets that may be like our own.(2) "If you looked at our solar system from far away, and you looked at the terrestrial planets Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars, one of the quickest ways to see that Earth is unique, which is by looking at the light curve," said Ed Turner, professor of astrophysics and a co-author of the study. "Earth has by far the most complicated light curve." The standard thinking in the field had been that most of the information about an Earth-like planet would come from spectral analysis, a static reading of the relative component of different colors within the light, rather than a reading of changes over time. Spectral analysis would reveal the presence of gases such as water vapor, carbon dioxide and oxygen, in the planet's atmosphere. Looking at the change in light over time does not replace spectral analysis, but it could greatly increase the amount of information scientists could learn, said Turner. It may indicate, for example, the presence of weather, oceans, ice or even plant life.28. "Earth would put on a little show" means: as it spins, ______.A. Earth is a more active planet than Venus and MarsB. Earth reflects a brighter light curve than Venus and MarsC. Earth shows oceans, deserts, forests and clouds, while Venus and Mars don'tD. Earth reflects sunlight in an ebb-and-flow manner29. Spectral reading of the light reflected by an Earth-like planet ______.A. can tell us the components of that planet's atmosphereB. can locate oceans and forests on that planetC. can show what the weather on that planet is likeD. is the quickest way to study its light curve30. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Scientists at the Princeton University want to find that distant planets are like our Earth.B. Among all the terrestrial planets Earth's light curve is the most complicated.C. Spectral study of the light will see no development of itself because it is static.D. Spectral reading is used as a supplementary method to the study of the change in light over time.Section BDirections: Read the following passage carefully and then explain in your own English the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts. Put your answers in the ANSWER SHEET. (15%)(31) A couple of months ago, Singaporean officials unintentionally made cinematic history. They slapped an NC-17 rating on a film, which means children under 17 cannot see it, not because of sex or violence or profanity, but because of bad grammar. Despite its apparently naughty title. Talking Cock, the movie is actually an innocuous comedy comprising four skits about the lives of ordinary Singaporeans. The censors also banned a 15-second TV spot promoting the flick. (32) All this is because of what the authorities deemed "excessive use of Singlish."(33) Given the tough crackdown, you would expect Singlish to be a harmful substance that might corrupt our youth, like heroin or pornography. But it's one of Singapore's best-loved quirks, used daily by everyone from cabbies to CEOs. (34) Singlish is simply Singaporean slang, whereby English follows Chinese grammar and is liberally sprinkled with words from the local Chinese. Malay and Indian dialects.I like to talk cock, and I like to speak Singlish. It's inventive, witty and colorful.(35) Singlish is especially fashionable these days among the younger generation, in part because it gives uptight Singapore a chance to laugh at itself. But the government is not amused. It doesn't like Singlish because it thinks it is bad language and bad for Singapore's image as a commercial and financial center.Part Three Cloze TestDirections: Fill in each numbered blank in the following passage with ONE suitable word to complete the passage. Put your answers in the ANSWER SHEET. (10%) It is a dream world, where chemists can turn a sow's ear into a silk purse, where bioengineers can put a little bit of a sheep into a wolf, or vice versa, and where the life-styles of the rich are beamed by satellite (36) every upwardly mobile village on the planet. Thanks to science and technology, more people are consuming a more amazing array of worldly goods than at any time in history.But beneath the surface all is not well. Like Oscar Wilde's fictional creation Dorian Gray, who stayed forever (37) while a portrait of him in the attic aged horribly. The modern economy masks a disfigured planet. The engine of consumptionhas scarred the land and stained the sea, (38) away at the foundations of nature and threatening to destroy humanity's only means of survival. Today's elderly, born at the beginning of last century, started life in a world (39) about 50% of its ancient forests still standing. Though far from pristine, it was a world of oceans and land masses teeming with all kinds of life. But those who will be born after the turn of the millennium will (40) of age to find that previous generations have squandered and defiled their inheritance, foreclosing some options even as new ones were created. Our grandchildren may have (41) to conveniences that further reduce the drudgery of everyday life, but they will also inherit a planet with less than 20 % of its original forests (42) , with most of the readily available freshwater already spoken for and much of the arable (43) under plough. They will inherit a stressed atmosphere and an unwanted legacy of toxic waste in the soil and water. Missing from the estate will be countless species, most (44) out before even (45)_ catalogued by scientist. Part Four ProofreadingDirections: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each underlined sentence or part of a sentence. You may have to change a word, add a word or just delete a word. If you change a word, cross it out with a slash (—) and write the correct word near it. If you add a word, write the missing word between the words (in brackets) immediately before and after it. If you delete a word, cross it out with a slash (—). Put your answers in the ANSWER SHEET. (10%)(46) Clonaid, a company associated by a group that believes extraterrestrials created mankind, announced Friday that it had produced the first clone of a human being. According to the spokeswoman, it is a baby girl who appears to have been born healthy.(47) As we know, cattle, mice, sheep and other animals have been cloned in the past years with mixing success. (48) All cloned animals have displayed defects later in life. (49) Scientists fear same could happen with cloned humans. (50) The company Clonaid is viewed skeptical by most scientists, who doubt the group's technical ability to clone a human being. (51) But the Clonaid spokeswoman said an dependent expert will confirm the baby's clone status through DNA testing.(52) Clonaid is lead by Brigitte Boisselier a former deputy director of research at the Air Liquide Group, a French producer of industrial and medical gases. (53) Clonaid is also linked to a sect called the Raelians whose founder, Claude V orihon, describes himself for a prophet and calls himself Rael. (54) The group believes cloning could extend human life for hundred of years. In fact, Clonaid has been racing the Italian fertility doctor Severion Antinori to produce the first cloned baby. (55) Antinori said in last month he expected one of his patients to give birth to a cloned baby in January.Part Five WritingDirection: Write a short composition of about 250 to 300 words on the topic given below. (15%)Topic: Comment on the Development of the Internet2003年北京大学博士研究生入学考试真题答案Part One Structure and Written Expression1. A2. D3. B4. A5. A6. C7. C8. D9. D 10. B11. A 12. C 13. A 14. D 15. D 16. A 17. C 18. A 19. B 20. B Part Two Reading Comprehension21. B 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. C 26. C 27. A 28. D 29. A 30. B Part Three Cloze Test36. to 37. young 38. eating 39. with40. come 41. access 42. intact 43. land44. wiped 45. beingPart Four Proofreading46. by→with 47. mixing→mixed48. All→Some 49. same→the same50. skeptical→skeptically 51. will→was going to52. lead→led 53. for→as54. hundred→hundreds 55. inPart Five Writing略2004年北京大学博士研究生入学考试真题Part Ⅰ Structure and Written ExpressionDirections:In each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.1. The beauty of the reflected images in the limpid pool was the poignant beauty of things that are ______, exist only until the sunset.A. equitableB. ephemeralC. euphoniousD. evasive2. Brooding and hopelessness are the ______ of Indians in the prairie reservations most of the time.A. occupationsB. promisesC. frustrationsD. transactions3. What ______ about that article in the newspaper was that its writer showed an attitude cool enough, professional enough and, therefore, cruel enough when facing that disaster-stricken family.A. worked me outB. knocked me outC. brought me upD. put me forward4. ______ considered the human body aesthetically satisfactory.A. Neither prehistoric cave man nor late-industrial urban manB. Nor prehistoric cave man or late-industrial urban manC. No prehistoric cave man nor late-industrial urban manD. Neither prehistoric cave man or late-industrial urban man5. Not until the 1980's ______ in Beijing start to find ways to preserve historic buildings from destruction.A. some concerned citizensB. some concerning citizensC. did some concerning citizensD. did some concerned citizens6. The buttocks are ______ most other parts in the body.A. likely less to cause fatale damage thanB. likely less causing fatal damage toC. less likely to cause fatal damage thanD. less likely to cause fatal damage to7. The concept of internet, ______ has intrigued scientists since the mid-20th century.A. the transmission of images, sounds and messages over distancesB. transmitting of images, sounds and messages along distancesC. to transmit images, sounds and messages on distanceD. the transmissibility of images, sounds and messages for distances8. Because of difficulties in getting a visa, the students had to ______ the idea of applying for study in the United States.A. reduceB. yieldC. relinquishD. waver9. His request for a day off ______ by the manager of the company.A. was turned offB. was turned downC. was put downD. was put away10. The index of industrial production ______ last year.A. raised up by 4 percentB. rose up with 4 percentC. arose up with 4 percentD. went up by 4 percent11. Please ______ if you ever come to Sydney.A. look at meB. look me upC. look me outD. look to me12. British hopes of a gold medal in the Olympic Games suffered ______ yesterday, when Hunter failed to qualify during the preliminary heats.A. a sharp set-backB. severe set-backC. a severe blown-upD. sharp blown-up13. By the end of the year 2004, he ______ in the army for 40 years.A. will have servedB. will serveC. will be servingD. will be served14. ______ there was an epidemic approaching, Mr. smith ______ the invitation to visit that area.A. If he knew, would have declinedB. If he had known, would declineC. Had he known, would declineD. Had he known, would have declined15. In the dark they could not see anything clear, but could ______.A. hear somebody mournB. hear somebody mourningC. hear somebody mournedD. hear somebody, had been mourning16. The team leader of mountain climbers marked out ______.A. that seemed to be the best routeB. what seemed to be the best routeC. which seemed to be the best routeD. something that to be the best route17. The scheme was so impracticable that I refused even ______.A. to consider supporting itB. considering to support itC. to considering to support itD. considering supporting it18. Among the first to come and live in North America ______, who later prospered mainly in New England.A. had been Dutch settlersB. Dutch settlers were thereC. were Dutch settlersD. Dutch settlers had been there19. The cargo box has a label ______ on it. Please handle it with care.A. "flexible"B. "break"C. "fragile"D. "stiff"20. ______ we wish him prosperous, we have objections to his ways of obtaining wealth.A. Much asB. As muchC. More asD. As well as Part Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: Each of the passages is followed by some questions. For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question. Put your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneWhat Makes a "Millennial Mind"?(1) Since 1000 AD, around 30 billion people have been born on our planet. The vast majority have come and gone unknown to all but their friends and family. A few have left some trace on history: a discovery made, perhaps, or a record broken. Of those, fewer still are remembered long after their death. Yet of all the people who have lived their lives during the last 1000 years, just 38 have achieved the status of "Millennial Minds" that's barely one in a billion. Those whose lives Focus has chronicled have thus become members of possibly the most exclusive list of all time. And choosing who should be included was not easy.(2) From the beginning, the single most important criterion was that the "Millennial Minds" are those who did more than merely achieve greatness in their own time, or in one field. Thus mere winners of Nobel Prizes had no automatic right to inclusion, nor artists who gained fame in their own era, but whose reputation has faded with changing fashion. The achievements of the genuine "Millennial Mind" affect our lives even. now, often in ways so fundamental that it is hard to imagine what the world was like before.(3) Not even transcendent genius was enough to guarantee a place in the Focus list. To rate as a "Millennial Mind", the life and achievements also had to cast light on the complex nature of creativity: its origins, nature and its personal cost.21. The first paragraph tells us that ______.A. Focus had a list of "Millennial Minds" worked out in secretB. Focus had compiled a biographical book of the lives of "Millennial Minds"C. Focus's list of the "Millennial Minds" consists of a strictly selected fewD. Focus tried hard to exclude most of the famous lives from the list of the "Millennial Minds"22. According to the second paragraph, which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Nobel Prize winners are not qualified for the "Millennial Minds".B. A "Millennial Mind" needs only to have a great influence on the lives of the people of his time.C. Only those whose achievements still greatly affect our lives today can be included in the list of the "Millennial Minds".D. The "Millennial Minds" are those who have changed human lives so much。
历年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题
2002年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题patr II vocabulary31.An enormous number of people in the world’s poorest countries do not have clean water or adequate sanitation____A. capacitiesB. facilitiesC. authoritiesD. warranties32.Family-planing clinics give out ___advices to people who have decided to limit the size of their families.A..insensitiveB.interrogativeC.contraceptivemunicative33.Caffeine is the ___drug that will just about get you out of the door on time to catch the bus.A.miracleB.mythC.trickD.legend34.Today investigators are still far from ___ a master map of the vasculature of the heart.A.constitutingB.decodingC.draftingD.encoding35.I have never seen a more caring, ___ group of piople in my life.A.emotionalB.impersonalpulsorypassionate36.By the time I reached my residency, I ___ treated the patient as a whole human being.A.yearned forB.broke intoC.pass forD.made for37.We now obtain more than two-thirds protein from animal resources, while our grandparents ___only one-half from animal resources.A.originatedB.digestedC.deprivedD.derived38.Obesity carries an increased risk of ____.A.mortalityB. mobilityC.longevityD.maternity39.The best exercise should require continuous ___ , rather than frequent stops and starts.passionB.accelerationC.frustrationD.exertion40.Environmental officials insist that something be done to ___ acid rain.A.curbB.sueC.detoxifyD.condemn41.It would be wildly optimistic to believe that these advances offset such a large reduction in farmland .A.take inB.make upC.cut downD.bring about42.To begin with ,it is impossible to come up with a satisfactory definition of what constitutes happy and unhappy marriage.A.explainB.opposeC.representD.propose43.Politicians often use emotional rather than rational arguments to win the support for their actions and ideas.A.applicableB.favorableC.sensitiveD.reasonable44.Tests are one way for a teacher to assess how much a student has learned.A.observeB.appraiseC.appreciateD.induce45.Through live television电视实况转播, the world is now able to witness historical events as they happen.A.reserveB.confirmC.perceiveD.transmit46.Most experts say that the new tax plan will have a negligible effect on the country’seconomic problems.A.indefiniteB.indispensableC.infiniteD.insignificant47.I don’t know how you could have left out the most important fact of all.A.omittedB.fabricatedC.pinpointedD.embraced48.Family and cultural beliefs and norms are important predictors of health-seeking behavior.A.formulationsB.standardsC.principlesnD.notions49.There must be a systematic approach to retrieving notes and analyzing them.A.regainB.relievingC.reversingD.rectifying50.To study the distribution of disease within an area, it is useful to plot the case on a map.A.markB.allocateC.eraseD.posepart III close (10%)You feel generally depressed and unable to concentrate. Your pattern of daily 51 may change: you find yourself52 and active at night; you sleep late into the day, when most others are working .You stay in your room and have little contact with people53 with those who speak your language .In your mind, you criticize the piople around you ----they are rude, loud, unfriendly, uninformed,concerned with insignificant things, 54stupid; you complain about them to any friends you have. You became55 when you can’t go into a restaurant and order the type of food you realy like; you get angry when the TV news contains mostly U.S news and very little about events that are important to you. You are constantly making comparison between life here and the perfect life56 home.Above all, you are homesick almost all the time.If you ever find yourself behaving in ways 57 these, you are brobably suffering culture shock. Culture shock is a psychological 58 that sometimes has physical effects.It affects piople who have moved away from an invironment where they know how to live 59 a new environment where much is unfamiliar to them---the food, the weather, the language, and especially the 60 rules for social behavior that few people are consciously aware of .51.A. way B.pattern C. method D.track52.A.sleepy B.happy C.awake D.sad53.A.for B.lest C.besides D.except54.A.even B.merely C.indeed D.rather55.A.offended B.uninterested C.frustrated D.isolated56.A.here B.there C.back D.away57.A.the same as B.different from C. similar to D.familiar with58.A.situation B.condition C.reflection D.position59.A.in B.at C.within D.into60.A.unwritten B.written C.spoken D.secretepassage oneScience is the 4-year pursuit of knowledge that every high school teenager must live through. I often ask myself, when will I ever need to use this stuff when I grow up? The answer is clearly , probably never. I doubt that I will ever need to know the chemical formula of dichromate, or how to correctly identify a combustion reaction.However,where would we be today, whithout science? Without the great minds of Einstein and Newton, where would we be? How would I be able to writer this essay on the computer ,if there was no science? Would I be alive today? Would humankind survive through the year snd still be around today? Or dogs be the masters of humans? Would we be still the dominant species on the Earth?So many questions arise because the human race depends on the advancement of science. We are dependent on Nabisco to make that cookie you love, 99.99% fat free, that video game company to come out with the anniversary game cartridge you want to play so badly , and that car company to alter the headlights of the car and call it the “new” 98 car.where would we be whithout science? We depend on our researchers to make new vaccines and doctors to make us the way we want to be.We depend on them to make us “prettier”,to perform triple bypass, to make sure nothing goes wrong when they operate upon us. Doctors depend on science just as much as we depend on science. Lawyers are constantly depending on doctors not knowing their science so they can get rich quick. Just look how much our society depends on the advancement of science.Science, in a way , keeps our society from falling apart. In our society science is everywhere. Science takes part in our everyday life more than we think. We need science progress so that we can simply make it through a day. When most people think of science , they think of it as a laboratory ,white coats, and mixing all different-colored chemicals untill something blows up. But the fact is that science is a way of life and our future.61.The author’s probable answer to the question where we would be today, without science is___A.it hard to imagineB.we would nowhere to findC.let’s see what happensD.not every question has an answer in the world62.From the cookie to the car,the author is trying to tell us that science____A.would be nowhere without humansB.is picking up its developing paceC.raise so many present problemsD.is shaping our world63.The author impies that science____A.is making doctors and lawyers the richest people in our societyB.does not involve every professionC.needs us as much as we need itD.is benefiting everyone64.The author seems to draw a conclusion that science____A.does rather than it isB.is ubiquitous in our lifeC.does not exist in a laboratoryD.is not appreciated in the publix65.The author is most probably___A.a studentB.a socialistC.a professor of scienceD.a free-lance writer of sciencepassage 2Osteoporosis used to be called “the silent disease’’because its victims didn’t know they had it until it was too late and they suffered a bone fracture. Today, doctors can identify osteoporosis early. Improved understanding of the disease has also led to new treatments and strategies for preventing the disease altogether.For post-menopausal woman, the most common medical response to osteoporosis is hormone replacement therapy. Boosting estrogen levels strengthens the entire skeleton and reduces the risk of hip fracture.Unfortunately ,it sometimes causes uterine bleeding and may increase the of breast cancer.To passby such side effects, researchers have developed several alternative treatments. Synthetic estrogens called Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators(SERMs) emulate estrogen with slight modifications.Another drug ,alendronate reduces spine, hip and wrist fractures by 50 percent. Researchers have even developed a nasal spray called calcitonin. Each of these alternatives has trade-offs ,however. Patients must talk with their doctors to decide which therapy is best for them.The ideal way to address osteoporosis is by adopting a healthy lifestyle. And the best to do this is in childhood, when most bone mass is accumulated.Because bodies continue building bone until about age thirty, some experts believe that women in their twenties can still increase their bone stength by as much as 20 percent.Calcium, which is available in low-fat dairy foods and dark green vegetables, is essential for preventing osteoporosis. So is Vitamin D , which aides calcium absorbtion. Vitamin D comes from sunlingt, but dietary supplements may be helpful in northern climates and among those who don’t get outside.The final component is regular moderate exercise because bone responds to the needs that body puts on it.These are the simple steps that can help make “the silent disease”truly silent.66.Hormone replacement therapy for osteoporosis____ed to effective in post-manopausal womanB.is most frequently priscribed by doctorsC.works perfectly on post-manopausal womenD.is most likely to be avoided for its side effects.67.The best treatment for osteoporosis , according to the passage.___A.is Selective Estrogen Receptor ModulatorsB.is chosen by the patientC.possesses no side effectsD.is of individuality68.To preventing osteoporosis, a healthy lifestyle should be adopted____A.as early as childhoodB.when one is in his twentiesC.after bone mass accumulate stopsD.as soon as osteoporosis is diagnosed.69.By making “the silent disease” truly silent, the author means that the actionssuggested____A.can be the best therapy for osteoporosisB.can help eradicate osteoporosisC.can help prevent osteoporosisD.all of the above.70.The author of this passage focuses on the____of osteoporosisA.alternative treatmentsB.early diagnosisC.treatments and preventionD.resulting damagespassage 3If you are caught in a downpour, it is better to run for a shelter than walk, reaserchers in the US advise. This may sound obvious, but an earlier study in Britain suggested that you would get just as wet as walking.In 1995, Stephen Belcher of the University of Reading and his students calculated how much water falls on top of your head and how much you sweep up on your front as you move forward. Obviously, you would get wetest standing still, and less wet the faster you moved. But the Reading team found that the benefits of running faster than about 3 meters per second—which they described as a walking pace---were tiny.Thomas Peterson and Trevor Wallis ,meteorologists at the National Climatic Data Center in Asheville, North Carolina, had a hunch that this was wrong.They realized that the Reading team had overestimated the average walking pace, so they reworked the calculations for a walking pace of 1.5metres per second and a running speed of 4 meters second.Peterson and Wallis conclude in the latest issue of weather that a walker would get 16 per cent wetter than a runner over a distance of 100 metres in drizzle. In heavy rain ,this would rise to 23 per cent.When the reseachers allowed for the way that runners tend to lean forward, sheltering the front of their bodies but increasing the rainfall on their backs, they found that a walker would get 36per cent wetter than a runner in heavy rain.Not content with theory alone, Peterson and Wallis decided to test their ideas. “If verification requires an ＄80million satellite, one may have to forgo verification,”says Peterson . “But if it involves a simple experiment, that’s another matter.” Peterson and Wallis are roughly the same size, Wearing identical clothing, one ran 100 metres in heavy rain and the other walked.They weighed their clothes before and after the experiment. This showed that the walker had absorbed 0.22kgs of water,while the runner had soaked up only 0.13 kgs. This is about 40 per cent less ,in line with the model’s predictions.Belcher says that his team’s work was a bit of fun, and that apart from the confusion over what a typical walking speed is ,their results were similar to those of Peterson and Wallis. “I’m delighted to see that their experiments gave results in qualitative agreement with the model,” says Belcher.But why not just take an umbrells? For anyone thinking of taking the easy way out, Wallis has a warning: “Running with an umbrella has a negative impact on your aerodynamics”71.The reading team and the American meteorologists presented different results ininvestigating___A.how far people can run per second in a downpourB.the benefits of running for shelter in a downpourC.whether people can run fast in a downpourD.the average walking pace in a downpour72.According to the American researchers, the Reading team made an error in calculating___A.the average walking paceB.the amount of rainfallC.the time and distanceD.the running speed73.Which of the following, according to the American researchers, gets the least wet?A.Running in drizzleB.walking in drizzleC.Running in heavy rainD.walking in heavy rain74.They verified their model predictions by experimenting___A.on themselvesB.with satelliteC.on the twins of the same sizeD.with sophisticated calculating devices75.The simila results ,according to Belcher ,refer to___A.the amount of rain water absorbedB.the average running speedC.the average walking paceD.all of the abovepassage 4Englisher speakers pick up pitch in the right hemisphere of their brains, but speakers of certain other languages perceive it on the left as well.It all depends on what you want to learn from pitch, Donald Wong of the Indians School of Medicine in Indianapolis told the meeting last week.Earlier studies have shown that when an English speaker hears pitch changes, the right prefrontal cortex leaps into action. This fits in with the idea that emotive nuances of language---which in English are often carried by the rise and fall of the voice----are perceived on the right.But in “tonal” languages like Thai, Mandarin and Swedish, Pitch not only carries emotional information,but can also alter the meaning of a word .Wong and his colleagues suspected that a speaker of tonal language would register pitch in the left side of the brain---in particular Broca’s area ,which processes the linguistic content of language.To test this , the team asked English speakers and Thai speakers to listen 80 pairs of Thai words, and tracked the blood flow in their brains using positron emission tomography.The volunteers had to decide whether the two words sounded the same, either by consonant or by tone ,In some cases, the words had on intelligible meaning.None of the words was emotionally charged, so even when Thai speakers could understand them, there was no right-side activation.But sure enough the Thai speakers could consistently lit up the left sid e of the brain, especially Broca’s area, while the English speakers did not.The researchers are now planing to repeat the experiment with Thai speakers using whole sentences, complete with emotional information. “Both hemispheres will be engaged,” pred ict Wong.76.The reason why pitch is registered on the right hemisphere, according to the passage, is that __A.belongs to the English language exclusivelyB.is an emotive nuance of language nuance n.细微差别C.can be easily heardD.is a regular sound77.When the emotion-free words were heard in the test____A.were registered on the English speakers’ right hemisphereB.slowed down the blood flow in the volunteers’ brainsC.activated the Thai speaker’s left hemispheresD.sounded the exactly the same to the volunteers78.A tonal language____A.possess no pitchB.carries pitch with dual functions双重职能C.is superior to the English languageD.holds more linguestic content than English.79.In Wong’s future expetiment ,the volunteers____A.will use either their right or left hemispheresB.will use both English and a tonal languageC.will listen to emotionally-charged sentencesD.will listen to more pairs of emotionally-charged words80.What is the passage mainly about?A.Two hemisphere to the sound of speechB.Two functions of pitch in languageC. Two hemisphere of the human braimD.Two languages and two hemispheresPassage 5We are all members of a culture. How we interpret the reality around us ,what we consider to be reasonable statements and behavior ,and what we believe to be health and illness all stem from the culture we share with some people and not with others. Those whose cultural experiences differ from our own will also differ in their belief and interpretions of reality.We are all rooted in an ethnic group as well, even if this group is simply the so-called “majority” of white, middle cla ss, protestant heritage .The degree to which we identify with an ethnic past will vary according to the strength with which family tradition has maintained that identity,and to the degree that the family chooses to assimilate into the larger society. The e xtent of an individual’s or a family’s identification with an ethnic heritage is as important as the specific features of that heritage.American society is ethnically and culturally diverse, and community healthnurse will find themselves practicing in communities that reflect this diversity.A particular family or a whole community may belong to an ethnic or cultural group very different from the nurse’s own. Those community nurses who are most sensitive to variations in clients’ beliefs and behaviors will be most effective in promoting their wellness.Community health nurses can achieve this sensitivity by examining their own culture in order to understand how it colors their world view and their interactions with individuals, families, and communities.Recognizing the clients individuals as well as members of a larger culture, nurses will reje ct stereotypical views of clients’ ethnic groups that can impede communication and diminish their effectiveness. Indeed, culture mediates all social encounters, including those between nurse and client ,and its study can enhance the effectiveness of health care services.81．We live in the social enviroment ___A.without different cultural experiencesB.of the same behavior and beliefC.with a shared cultureD.of the same race82．The author is mainly talking about in the second paragraph___A.assimilation into a large societyB.identification with an ethnic heritageC.the conflict between identification and assimilationD.the contradiction between an ethnic group and the majority83．According to the passage, a nurse cannot function well in a community___A.that reflects ethical and cultural diversityB.without asimilating into its ethnic heritageC.that is sensitive to his /her beliefs and behaviorsD.without recognizing its ethnical and cultural diversity84．Community health nurses are supposed to ____A.be sensitive to variations in clients’ beliefs and behaviorsB.abandon the stereotypical views of clients’ groupsC.examine their own cultureD. all of the above85．Which of the following can best summarize the general idea of the passage?A.identification with and assimilation into ethnic groupsB.Novel and stereotypical views of ethnic groupsmunicatio and communityD.culture and health care.passage 6I’m in the unusual position of being both a computer scientist and a professional musician. On the computer side, I’m best known for my work virtual reality, a term I coined in the early 1980’s , As a musician I write, perform,and record my own work. Canons for Wroclaw, a concerto I created for virtual instruments, was performed last December by the Chamber Wrchestra of Wroclaw ,Poland.All of this means that I have a few deeply felt ideas about Napster, the free software millions of people use to share their music collections over the Internet. Big media companies see Napster as theft because they can’t collect royalties when people use it. So they have asked the courts to kill it. As I write this , a settlement seems to be emerging. Napster will probably begin to charge for its services and pay royalties to at least some record companies.Whatever happens, the legal decisions surrounding Napster are important for resons that transcend the music business and extend to our basic concepts of what it means to be free in a democracy. I believe the anti-Napster forces have failed to foresee dangerous implications of their course of action. They don’t understand what I call the Law of the Exclude Digital Middle:Digital tools can be either open or closed but resist being anything in between .An open digital tool is one that can be used in unforeseen ways. A tool like e-mail ,meant to send text, might also---surprisingly ---be used to send music.A closed tool is one in which there are technical resteictions that prevent unforeseen uses. The advantage of open tools is that more people can create new things with them;consequently,they tend to be more innovative.Closed tools are usually created because it is thought they will be more profitable: An owner can control them well enough to enforce bill collection. Of course, the open software movement energetically promotes the idea that innovation ends up generating more money than control does.86．The Napster issue___A.is one concerning copyright infringement of violationB.is a dispute bewteen music companies and the coutC.has been settled in favor of music loversD.will result in a boom of sales for music companies87．The designer of an open digital tool hardly knows___A.the risks it may encunterB.the potential ways of its usageC.the number of its usersD.the amounts of its net profit88．People who use closed digital tools end up____A.making huge profitsB.creating new techniquesC.paying for servicesD.facing legal punishment89．It implied that owners of digital tools will make more profits by___A.encouraging innovationsB.proteching copyrightsC.control costsD.charging customers90．The attitude of the auther towards the anti-Napster action is ___A.supportiveB.ambiguousC.indifferentD.negative2002FATMD医学博士研究生入学外语考试――英语参考答案（部分）1.B2.C3.C4.A5.D6.B7.C8.C9.B 10.C11.C 12.D 13.D 14.C 15.B16.A 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.A21.D 22.D 23.C 24.C 25.C26.A 27.D 28.A 29.C 30.B31.B 32.C 33.A 34.C 35.D36.C 37.C 38.C 39.D 40.D41.B 42.D 43.D 44.B 45.C46.D 47.A 48.B 49.A 50.B51.B 52.C 53.D 54.A 55.C56.C 57.C 58.C 59.A 60.A61.A 62.D 63.D 64.B 65.A66.D 67.D 68.A 69.C 70.C71.B 72.A 73.A 74.A 75.A76.B 77.C 78.B 79.C 80.D81.C 82.B 83.D 84.D 85.D86.A 87.B 88.C 89.A 90.2003年part II31.Sometimes you can get quite _____ when you are trying to communicate with someone inEnglish.A.frustratedB.depressedC.approvedD.distracted32.The company has ____ itself to a policy of equal opportunity for all.A.promisedmittedC.attributedD.converted33.I haven’t met anyone ____ the new tax plan.A.in honor ofB.in search ofC.in place ofD.in favor of34.Salk won ____ as the scientist who developed the world’s first effective vaccine againstpolio.A.accomplishmentB.qualificationC.eminenceD.patent35.This software can be ____ to the needs of each customer.A.tailoredB.administratedC.entailedD.accustomed36.The average commercial business can shut down in such an emergemcy but a hospital doesn’t dare, for lives are____A.in circulationB.under considerationC.on handD.at stake37.As we need plain, ____food for the body, so we must have serious reading for the mind.A.wholesomeB.dietC.tastefulD.edible38.He never gave much thought to the additional kilorams he had ____ lately.A.shown upB.piled upC.put onD.taken on39.The teacher tried hard to read ____ handwriting in her students’s test papers.A.irregularB.illiterateC.illegibleD.irrational40.A coronary disease is the widely-used term____ insufficiency of blood supply to the heart.A.denotingB.donatingC.relatingD.resorting41.Humans are using up the world’s natural riches at an alarming rate.A.appallingB.appealingC.alertD.abnormal42.Dring water in many areas of the developing world is contaminated with bacteria.A.purifiedB.multipliedC.taintedD.blended43.One of the most noticeable features of U.S society is the diversity of its people.A.libertyB.democracyC.vatietyD.origin44.The controversy about abortion has been going on in the United States for mor than twenty years.A.resentmentB.consensusC.notionD.dispute45.As human settlement advance ,the tropical forests are retreating and becoming smaller every year.A.retrievingB.sprawlingC.consumingD.withdrawing46.The war’s impact on the population of the country was cat ast rophic.A.influentialB.dis ast rousC.apparentD.criticala47.His physican told him that not to take much of the drug because it was very potent.A.bitterB.irritantC.effectiveD.powerful48.Certain drugs can cause transient side effects ,such as sleepiness.A.permanentB.residualC.irreversibleD.fleeting49.Nervous illness may stem from being treated inconsiderately in childhood.plainB. give rise toC.originate inD.dominate over50.Both a person’s heredity and his surroundings help to shape his chacter.A.formB.correctC.modifyD.improvePart III Cloze(10%)There were red faces at one of Britain’s biggest banks recently. They had accepted a telephone order to buy ＄100,000 worth of shares from a fifteen-old schoolboy (they thought he was twenty-one). The shares fell in value and the schoolboy was unable to 51 . The bank lost ＄20,000 on the 52 that it cannot get back because ,for one thing, this young speculator does not have the money and , for another, 53 under eighteen, he is not legally liable for his debts. If the shares had risen in value by the same amount that they fell, he would have pocketed ＄20,000 54 . Not bad for a fifteen-yeat-old. It certainly is better than 55the morning newspaper. In another recent case, a boy of fourteen found , in his grandfather’shouse , a suitcase full of foreign banknotes .The clean, crisp banknotes looked very 56 but they were now not used in their country of origin or anywhere else. This young boy57 straight to the nearest bank with his pockets filled with notes. The cashers did not realize that the country in 58 had reduced the value of its currincy by 90%, they exchanged the notes at their face value at the current exchange rate.In three days, before he was found out, he took ＄20,000 from nine different banks. 59,he had already spend more than half of this on taxi-rides, restraurant meal , concert tickets and presents for his many new girlfriends( at least he was generous! ) before the police caught up with him. Because he is also under eighteen the bank shave 60 a lot of money, and several cashiers have lost jobs.51.A.pay off B.pay up C.pay for D.pay out52.A.principle B.criterion C.custom D.deal53.A.to be B.having been C.being D.is54.A.profit B.advantage C.benefit mission55.A.sending B.transmitting C.delivering D.dispatching56.A.convincing B.valuable C.unusual D.priceless57.A.came B.pull C.headed D.pushed58.A.problem B.question C.talk D.saying59.A.Interestingly B.Unfortunately C.Particularly D.Amazingly60.A.kissed goodbye to B. got rid of C.lived up to D.made forPart IV(30%)Passage 1In a society where all aspects of our lives are dictated by scientific advances in technology, science is the essence of our existence.Without the vast advances made by chemists ,physicists, biologist , geologist, and other diligent scientists, our standards of living would decline, our flourishing., wealthy nation might come to an economic depression, and our people would suffer from disease that could not be cured. As a society we ignorantly take advantage of the amenities provided by science, yet our lives would be altered interminablywithout them.Health care, one of the aspects of our society that separates us from our archaic ancestors, is founded exclusively on scientific discoveries and advances. Without the caccines created by doctors, disease such as polio , measles,hepatitis, and the flu would pose a threat to our citizens, for although some of these disease may not be deadly, their side effects can be a vast detriment to an individual affected with the disease.In addition , science has developed perhaps the most awe-inspiring, vital invention in the history of the world, the computer. Without the presence of this machine,our world could exist, but the convenience brought into life by the computer are unparalleled.Despite the greatness of present-day innovators and scientists and their revelations,it is requisite to examine the amenities of science that our culture so blatantly disregards. For instance,the light bulb,electricity,the telephone, running water, and the automobile are present-day staples of our society;however,they were not present until scientists discovered them.Because of the contribution of scientist, our world is ever metamorphosing,and this metamorphosis economically and personally comprise our society, whether our society is cognizant of认识到this or not.61．In the first paragraph the author implies that we____A.would not survive without science。
2003年职称英语等级考试试题及答案-卫生类B级
2003年职称英语等级考试试题及答案-卫生类B级第1部分：词汇选项（第1~15题，每题1分，共15分）下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1 The high-speed trains can have a major impact on travel preferences.A influenceB forceC surpriseD power2 Can you follow the plot?A changeB investigateC understandD write3 Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is still needed.A mentalB physicalC naturalD hard4 In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed.A judgmentB resultC decisionD event5 Norman Blamey is an artist of deep convictions.A beliefsB statementsC suggestionsD claims6 Up to now, the work has been easy.A SoB So longC So farD So that7 The report advocated setting up day training colleges.A supposedB excitedC discussedD suggested8 Accordingly, a number of other methods have been employed.A AfterwardsB ThereforeC HoweverD Furthermore9 The outlook from the top of the mountain is breathtaking.A sightB viewC lookD point10 Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs.A tenselyB nearlyC closelyD carefully11 The union representative put across her argument very effectively.A inventedB explainedC consideredD accepted12 He talks tough but has a tender heart.A heavyB strongC wildD kind13 It is no use debating the relative merits of this policyA makingB takingC expectingD discussing14 Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing.A wasteB buyC sellD use15 The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters.A functionB abilityC volumeD power第2部分：阅读判断（第16~22题，每题1分，共7分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。
全国医学博士统一考试2003英语考试试卷
2003part II31.Sometimes you can get quite _____ when you are trying to communicate with someone inEnglish.A.frustrated失败的, 落空的B.depressed 沮丧的, 降低的C.approved被认可的D.distracted心烦意乱的32.The company has ____ itself to a policy of equal opportunity for all.A.promisedmitted commit oneself to委身于，专心致志于C.attributed attribute sth. to认为某事物是...的属性; 把某事物归功于; 认为某事物是(某人)创造的D.converted33.I haven’t met anyone ____ the new tax plan.A.in honor ofB.in search ofC.in place ofD.in favor of34.Salk won ____ as the scientist who developed the world’s first effective vaccine against polio.A.accomplishmenta girl of many accomplishments多才多艺的姑娘Among her accomplishments were sewing,cooking,playing the piano and dancing.她的才能包括缝纫、烹调、弹钢琴和跳舞。
B.qualification admission qualification入学资格physical qualifications身体条件C.eminence win [reach] eminence as an inventor成为卓越的发明家a man of eminence名人D.patent35.This software can be ____ to the needs of each customer.A.tailoredB.administratedC.entailed vt.使必需, 使蒙受, 使承担, 遗传给entail great expense on sb.使某人承担大笔费用entail ... on sb.使某人负担...把...遗留给某人D.accustomed be accustomed to习惯于accustom oneself to使自己习惯于; 养成...的习惯36.The average commercial business can shut down in such an emergemcy but a hospital doesn’t dare, for lives are____A.in circulation流通者;传播者B.under consideration在考虑之中C.on hand在手头, 即将发生, 在场;在手头, 在手边;现有D.at stake危如累卵, 危险37.As we need plain, ____food for the body, so we must have serious reading for the mind.A.wholesome卫生的, 有益的, 健康的, 有益健康的wholesome air新鲜空气a wholesome food有益健康的食品B.dietC.tastefulD.edible edible fat食用油脂38.He never gave much thought to the additional kilorams he had ____ lately.A.shown up揭露, 露出, 露面B.piled up 堆积, 积累, 搁浅, 撞毁C.put onD.taken on披上, 呈现, 具有, 雇用, 承担, 盛气凌人, 接纳, 流行39.The teacher tried hard to read ____ handwriting in her students’s test papers.A.irregularB.illiterateC.illegible难辨认的, 字迹模糊的illegal .违法的, 不合规定的D.irrational 无理性的, 失去理性的40.A coronary disease is the widely-used term____ insufficiency of blood supply to the heart.A.denoting指示, 表示quick pulse often denotes fever.脉搏跳得快常表示发烧。
2003年考博英语题
历年考博英语题2003年一、Directions:21. ____ for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving.A. Had it not beenB. Be it notC. Were it notD. Should it not be答案：A. Had it not been22. There have been numerous novel _____ in the curriculum of the university this semester.A. inspirationB. innovationC. intersectionD. irrigation答案：B. innovation23. The teacher said the most important thing is to construct a_____ argument in writing a paper.A. colonialB. closetC. coherentD. cautious答案：C. coherent24. In the early times, people had the_____ that the sun moved round the earth.A. notationB. notionC. junctionD. inflation答案：B. notion25. It’s difficult to break down the ______ which separates different classes.A. badgeB. bandageC. bronzeD. bruise答案：A. badge26. Having no job and no children, the old woman had to live on the _____ allowance.A. miseryB. misfortuneC. militantD. miserly答案：D. miserly27. The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds ____his arguments in favor of the new theory.A. which to base onB. to base on whichC. on which to baseD. which to be based on答案：C. on which to base28. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, ____a sudden loud noise.A. being thereB. should be thereC. there wasD. there having been答案：B. should be there29. The monument is ____ to the memory of soldier killed in the defence of the countryA. dedicatedB. delegatedC. degeneratedD. degraded答案：A. dedicated30. As long as we maintain independence and keep the ___in our own hands, we may be successful.A. narrativeB. initiativeC. authoritativeD. cumulative答案：B. initiative31. An urgent social challenge in the future will be to ensure that science and technology develop ____ in this direction.A. inclusivelyB. cohesivelyC. exclusivelyD. emperically答案：C. exclusively32. They lose their way in the forest, and ____ made matter worse was that night began to fall.A. thatB. whatC. itD. which答案：B. what33. The success of some of the most important concepts in physics was_____ to these mathematical systems.A. obligedB. distributedC. contributedD. attributed答案：D. attributed34. The western culture has pervaded every aspect of our daily life, and this ____ will change our outlook and way of life.A. by turnsB. at every turnC. in turnD. in return答案：D. in return35. Ocean don’t ____ divide the world____ unite it ; they serve to unite countries rather than to divide them.A. as much…asB. so much…asC. as many…asD. as well…as答案：B. so much…as36. It will be safer to walk on the streets without carrying large amounts of cash; virtually all financial___ will be conducted by computer.A. transmissionsB. transformationsC. transactionsD. transitions答案：C. transactions37. One of the responsibilities of the Coast Guard is to make sure that all ships ____ follow traffic rules in busy harbors.A. skillfullyB. safelyC. obedientlyD. currently答案：C. obediently38. The rive is already ___ its banks of excessive rainfall, and the city is threatened with a likely flood.A. flush withB. level inC. flat onD. parallel to答案：A. flush with39. Nowadays advertising costs are no longer in reasonable____ to the total cost of the product.A. connectionB. correspondenceC. correlationD. proportion答案：D. proportion40. The survival____ of some wild animals is not very high as they are ruthlessly hunted for their skins.A. rateB. degreeC. ratioD. scale答案：A. rate二、Reading comprehension41. Carnegie was able to develop his vast industrial fortune_____.A. with the act of five enterprise system.B. through large loans from the American government.C. because the American government had special tariffs to protect the American steel and iron industry.D. because he had relatives in the English steel industry.答案：C. because the American government had special tariffs to protect the American steel and iron industry.42. Carnegie followed his ancestors’ footsteps______.A. by developing a large industrial company.B. in caring for and improving benefits for the worker and the poor.C. by furthering Spencer’s Philosophy.D. by being a follower of social Darwinism.答案：B. in caring for and improving benefits for the worker and the poor.43. The industry Carnegie was not concerned with was______.A. the manufacturing steelB. the transporting of the finished product.C. the movement of raw materialsD. the lumber business答案：D. the lumber business44. Carnegie’s trips to England_____.A. were poorly for pleasure and visiting relatives.B. introduced him to charitist ideals which would influence his life.C. helped him gain steel contracts with the British industrialists.D. led him to believe that the industrial future would be with steel.答案：D. led him to believe that the industrial future would be with steel.45. which happened first?A. The foundation of the Carnegie Steel Co.B. the introduction of charitist idealsC. the foundation of the J.Edgar Thomson Steel Mills.D. Andrew Carnegie’s trips to Great Britain.答案：B. the introduction of charitist ideals46. we may conclude from the passage that a painting by an artist who has been influenced by other artists______.A. might be called an example of craft , not art.B. must be considered an imitation ,not an original work.C. might still be considered an original work.D. cannot properly be rated on an “originality scale”答案：C. might still be considered an original work.47. The author specifically mentions his dissatisfaction with the fail of dictionaries to______.A. distinguish clearly between art and craft.B. indicate that originality is a matter of degreeC. recognize that a reproduction may be true artD. mention that a work of art must be original答案：B. indicate that originality is a matter of degree48. The author suggests that an “originality scale” might be used to_____.A. distinguish an original work from a copy.B. determine the artistic greatness of a workC. show that originality is always relativeD. explain the difference between art and craft答案：C. show that originality is always relative49. According to the author, the aim of the artist and the aim of the craftsman are ____.A. quite different from one anotherB. more or less practical in natureC. both basically artisticD. difficult to define答案：D. difficult to define50.which of the following statement would the author be least likely to make in talking about a great painting?A. the painter is more than a good craftsmanB. the painting has considerable artistic significanceC. the painting has a strange, unusual qualityD. the painters owe nothing to other painters答案：D. the painters owe nothing to other painters51. people turn their eyes eagerly to the sea____.A. to look for cheap oilB. with a strong wish to take out more oil out of it bottomC. to enjoy their artificial islandsD. to try to find the best site for storing their oil products答案：B. with a strong wish to take out more oil out of it bottom52. the distinguishing feature of the Selmer method is______.A. that the concrete platform legs are cast at an angleB. that the mold is raised on jacksC. that the jack will be built in the concrete and form part of the leg being castD.that the mold can be constructed at an incline of up to 15 degrees答案：C. that the jack will be built in the concrete and form part of the leg being cast53. in order to increase the stability of a deep sea production platform each of its reinforced concrete legs should be made____.A. inclined outwards at an angle of up to 15degrees with the vertical lineB. inclined outwards at an angle of up to the sea levelC. inclined inwards at an angle of up to 15degrees with the vertical lineD. inclined inwards at an angle of up to the sea level答案：D. inclined inwards at an angle of up to the sea level54. slip casting is a construction technique______.A. which is invented by Ingenior F.Selmer A/S of OsloB. which is otherwise called the Selmer methodC. which is used to solely to produce large-scale tripod-legged platformsD. which is widely used in reinforced concrete work答案：B. which is otherwise called the Selmer method55. the advantage of the Selmer method over other methods in building oil production platform is ______.A. that the construction work can be cheaper and easierB. that the platform can last safely through the severest ocean stormsC. that the platform can operate at a greater depthD. both B and C答案：A. that the construction work can be cheaper and easier56. this article ______.A. describes the origin of a concept which is a part of our hesitage.B. explains the reasons behind the loyalty oathC. opposes the law which requires a witness to tell the truthD. explains why a man should be forced to testify against himself.答案：A. describes the origin of a concept which is a part of our hesitage.57. Lilburne refused to testify at his own trial because he______.A. was unwilling to testify on matter s of which he was accusedB. believe he would be forced to testify about crimes not charged against him.C. was really guiltyD. was innocent of the charge答案：B. believe he would be forced to testify about crimes not charged against him.58. the immunity from testifying against oneself_____A. did not become law until the Bill of Right was writtenB. became law in the nineteenth centuryC. was common in England before the end of seventeenth centuryD. is a universally accepted law答案：C. was common in England before the end of seventeenth century59. as a result of Lilburne’s claim_______A. a man cannot testify in his own defenseB. a man is protected from furnishing evidence against himselfC. a man is considered guilty until he is proven innocentD. the accused cannot be tried twice for the same crime答案：B. a man is protected from furnishing evidence against himself60. which of the following is implied in the passage?A. the oath which one takes to tell the truth was used against the accused with devastating effectB. the Fifth Amendment is a hindrance to law enforcementC. we owe some of our liberties to the courage of unknown men.D. Lilburne was guilty.答案：C. we owe some of our liberties to the courage of unknown men.61. the languages of uncivilized groups as compared to Western languages are limited in ______.A. sound patternsB. vocabulariesC. grammatical structuresD. both B and C答案：B. vocabularies62.The author says that professional linguists recognize that_______.A. western languages are superior to Eastern languagesB. all languages came from grunts and groansC. the hierarchy of languages is difficult to understandD. there is no hierarchy of languages答案：D. there is no hierarchy of languages63. the article states that grunt-and-groan forms of speech are found____.A. nowhere todayB. among the Australian aboriginesC. among Eastern culturesD. among people speaking “backward” languages答案：A. nowhere today64. According to the author, languages, whether civilized or not, have _____.A. the potential for expanding vocabularyB. their own sound patternsC. an ability to transfer idealsD. grammatical structure答案：A. the potential for expanding vocabulary65.which of the following is implied in the passage?A. the study of languages has discredited anthropological studiesB. the study of language has reinforced anthropologists in their view that there is no hierarchy among cultureC. the study of language is the same as the study of anthropologistsD. the study of language casts a new light upon the claim of anthropologists答案：B. the study of language has reinforced anthropologists in their view that there is no hierarchy among culture66. by diverting some or all of the money spent on preparations for war to peaceful purpose, all of the following would occur EXCEPT____A. taxes would be reduceB. education could be improvedC. science could be focused on improving human welfareD. the population explosion could be controlled答案：D. the population explosion could be controlled67. Schools at present time often have to make use of_____A. untrained teachersB. poor buildingsC. lies to promote hatred of possible enemiesD. a tiny fraction of the missiles答案：C. lies to promote hatred of possible enemies68. the problem of undernourishment will become more critical because______.A. there is inadequate shippingB. of the population explosionC. of lack of irrigationD. the American surplus will be used up in the relief of famine答案：B. of the population explosion69. in the first paragraph, “predicament”means_____.A. predictionB. expenditureC. difficultyD. investment答案：C. difficulty70. the adjective that best describes this author is ______A. pessimisticB. pragmaticC. utopianD. radical答案：B. pragmatic71. this piece of writing is ____-.A. preface to a course bookB. a professor’s advice to teachersC. the record of an introductory speechD. from a school announcement答案：A. preface to a course book72. to read this book______.A. previous courses in chemistry are necessaryB. a good mastery of biochemistry is essentialC. one needn’t have studied chemistry beforeD. one must first review his high school courses答案：C. one needn’t have studied chemistry before73. the author feels that previous books for a similar course_____A. are too simpleB. are unbalancedC. are full of mistakesD. are too difficult答案：B. are unbalanced74. in the author’s experience, the students are most interested in______A. inorganic chemistryB. organic chemistryC. biochemistryD. chemistry as a whole答案：C. biochemistry75. paragraph 4 suggests that one thing characteristic of this book is its____A. simplicity in presentationB. vividness of the languageC. thoroughness in the fieldD. adaptation to various needs答案：D. adaptation to various needs三、translation1. I give my boss a printout of the data I have entered so that he can check for errors。
年全国医学博士英语统考真题及参考答案
2010年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答题须知1.请考生首先将自己的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在标准答题卡上认真填写清楚，并按“考场指令”要求，在标准答题卡上，将准考证号相应的位置涂好。
2.试卷一（paper one）和试卷二（paper two）答案都做在标准答题卡上，书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域，不要做在试卷上。
3.试卷一答题答题时必须使用2B铅笔，将所选答案按要求在相应位置涂黑；如要更正，先用橡皮擦干净。
4.标准答题卡不可折叠，同时必须保持平整干净，以利评分。
5.听力考试只放一遍录音，每道题后有15秒左右的答题时间。
Paper OnePart I Listening comprehension(30%)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversions between two speakers. At the end of each conversion, you will hear a question about what is said. The question willbe read only once. After you hear the question, read the four possible answers markedA, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on theANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day.Question: What’s the matter with the womanYou will read:A. She is sick.B. She was bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerADNow let’s begin with question Number 1.1. A. She’s looking for a gift.B. She needs a new purse.C. She’s going to give a birthday party.D. She wants to go shopping with her mom.2. A. She hears noises in her ears day and night.B. She has been overworking for a long time.C. Her right ear, hurt in an accident, is troubling her.D. Her ear rings are giving her trouble day and night.3. A. He’ll go to see Mr. White at 10:30 tomorrow.B. He’d like to make an earlier appointment.C. He’d like to cancel the appointment.D. He’d like to see another dentist.4. A. 8:00 B. 8:15 C. 8:40 D. 8:455. A. In a hotel. B. At a fast food bar.C. In the supermarket.D. In the department store.6. A. To resign right away.B.To work one more day as chairman.C.To think twice before he make the decision.D.To receive further training upon his resignation.7. A. She didn’t do anything in particular.B.She send a wounded person to the ER.C.She had to work in the ER.D.She went skiing.8. A. A customs officer. B. The man’s mother.C. A school headmaster.D. An immigration officer.9. A. It feels as if the room is going around.B.It feels like a kind of unsteadiness.C.It feels as if she is falling down.D.It feels as if she is going around.10. A. John has hidden something in the tree.B.John himself should be blamed.C.John has a dog that barks a lot.D.John is unlucky.11. A. The chemistry homework is difficult.B.The chemistry homework is fun.C.The math homework is difficult.D.The math homework is fun.12. A. His backache. B. His broken leg.C. His skin problem.D. His eye condition.13. A. Whooping cough, smallpox and measles.B.Whooping cough, chickenpox and measles.C.Whooping cough, smallpox and German measles.D.Whooping cough, chickenpox and German measles.14. A. Saturday morning. B. Saturday night.C. Saturday afternoon.D. Next weekend.15. A. He’s lost his notebook.B.His handwriting is messy.C.He’ll miss class latter this week.D.He cannot make it for his appointment.Section BDirections: In this section you will hear one conversion and two passages, after each of which, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible answers marked A,B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on theANSWER SHEET.Conversation16. A. He is having a physical checkup.B.He has just undergone an operation.C.He has just recovered from an illness.D.He will be discharged from the hospital this afternoon.17. A. He got an infection in the lungs.B.He had his gallbladder inflamed.C.He was suffering from influenza.D.He had developed a big kidney tone.18. A. A lot better. B. Terribly awful.C. Couldn’t be better.D. Okay, but a bit weak.19. A. To be confined to a wheelchair.B.To stay indoors for a complete recovery.C.To stay in bed and drink a lot of water.D.To move about and enjoy the sunshine.20. A. From 4 pm to 6 pm. B. From 5 pm to 7 pm.C. From 6 pm to 8 pm.D. From 7 pm to 9 pm.Passage One21. A. The link between weight loss and sleep deprivation.B.The link between weight gain and sleep deprivation.C.The link between weight loss and physical exercise.D.The link between weight gain and physical exercise.22. A. More than 68,000. B. More than 60,800.C. More than 60,080.D. More than 60,008.23. A. Sever-hour sleepers gained more weight over time than 5-hour ones.B.Five-hour sleepers gained more weight over time than 7-hour ones.C.Short-sleepers were 15% more likely to become obese.D.Short-sleepers consumed fewer calories than long sleepers.24. A. Overeating among the sleep-deprived.B.Little exercise among the sleep-deprived.C.Lower metabolic rate resulting from less sleep.D.Higher metabolic rate resulting from less sleep.25. A. Exercise every day. B. Take diet pills.C. Go on a diet.D. Sleep more.Passage Two26. A. She is too hard on me.B.She asks too many questions.C.She is always considerate of my feelings.D.She is the meanest mother in the neighborhood.27. A. A university instructor. B. A teaching assistant.C. A phD student.D. A psychiatrist.28. A. They usually say no.B.They usually say yes.C.They usually wait and see.D.They usually refuse to say anything.29. A. They are overconfident.B.Their brains grow too fast.C.They are psychologically dependent.D.Their brains are still immature in some areas.30. A. Be easy on your teen.B.Try to be mean to your teen.C.Say no to your teen when necessary.D.Don’t care about your teen’s feelings.Part II Vocabulary (10%)Section ADirections: In this section all the statements are incomplete, beneath each of which are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can bestcomplete the statement and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWERSHEET.31. A number of black youths have complained of being by the police.A. harassedB. distractedC. sentencedD. released32. He rapidly became with his own power in the team.A. irrigatedB. irradiatedC. streetlightD. torchlight33. Throughout his political career he has always been in the .A. twilightB. spotlightC. streetlightD. torchlight34. We that diet is related to most types of cancer but we don’t have definite proof.A. suspendB. superveneC. superviseD. suspect35. A patient who is dying of incurable cancer of the throat is in terrible pain, which can nolonger be satisfactorily .A. alleviatedB. abolishedC. demolishedD. diminished36. The television station is supported by from foundations and other sources.A. donationsB. pensionsC. advertisementsD. accounts37. More legislation is needed to protect the property rights of the patent.A. integrativeB. intellectualC. intelligent38. Officials are supposed to themselves to the welfare and health of the generalpublic.A. adaptB. confineC. commitD. assess39. You should stop your condition and do something about it.A. drawing onB. touching onC. leaning onD. dwelling on40. The author of the book has shown his remarkably keen into human nature.A. perspectiveB. dimensionC. insightD. reflectionSection BDirections: In this section each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined, beneath which are four words or phrase. Choose the word or phrase which canbest keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for theunderlined part. Then mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.41.The chemical was found to be detrimental to human health.A. toxicB. immuneC. sensitiveD. allergic42.It will be a devastating blow for the patient, if the clinic closes.A. permanentB. desperateC. destructiveD. sudden43.He kept telling us about his operation in the most graphic detail.A. verifiableB. explicitC. preciseD. ambiguous44.The difficult case tested the ingenuity of even the most skillful physician.A. credibilityB. commitmentC. honestyD. talent45.He left immediately on the pretext that he had to catch a train.A. claimB. clueC. excuseD. talent46.The nurse was filled with remorse of not believing her .A. anguishB. regretC. apologyD. grief47.The doctor tried to find a tactful way of telling her the truth.A. delicateB. communicativeC. skillfulD. considerate48.Whether a person likes a routine office job or not depends largely on temperament.A. dispositionB. qualificationC. temptationD. endorsement49.The doctor ruled out Friday’s surgery for the patient’s unexpected complications.A. confirmedB. facilitatedC. postponedD. cancelled50.It is not easy to remain tranquil when events suddenly change your life.A. cautiousB. motionlessC. calmD. alertPart III Cloze(10%)Directions: In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For each blank, there are four choice marked A, B, C and D listed on the right side. Choose the best answer andmark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Experts say about 1% of young women in the United States are almost starving themselves today. They are suffering from a sickness called anorexia.These young women have an abnormal fear of getting fat. They 51 starve themselves so they weigh at 15% less than their normal weight.The National Institute of Mental Health says one 52 ten cases of anorexia leads to serious medical problems. These patients can die from heart failure or the disease can lead young women to 53 themselves. For example, former gymnast Christy Henrich died at age 22. She weighed only61 pounds.A person with anorexia first develops joint and muscle problems. There is a lack of iron in the blood. 54 the sickness progresses, a young woman’s breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure rates slow down. The important substance calcium is 55 from the bones, something causing bones to break. Sometimes the brain gets smaller, causing changes in 56 a person thinks and acts. Scientists say many patients have further mental and emotional problems. They have 57 opinions about themselves. They feel helpless. Their attempts to become extremely thin may 58 efforts to take control of their lives. They may become dependent on illegal drugs. Some people also feel the need to continually repeat a(n) 59 . For example, they may repeatedly wash their hands although their hands are clean.Anorexia is a serious eating 60 .If it is not treated on time, it can be fatal.51. A. specifically B. purposely C. particularly D. passionately52. A. from B. of C. at D. in53. A. kill B. starve C. abuse D. worsen54. A. When B. While C. As D. Since55. A. lost B. derived C. generated D. synthesized56. A. what B. why C. how D. which57. A. good B. high C. lower D. poor58. A. represent B. make C. present D. exert59. A. medication B. illusion C. motion D. action60. A. habit B. behavior C. disorder D. patternPart IV Reading Comprehension(30%)Direction:In this part there are six passages, each of which is followed by five questions. For each question there are four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the bestanswer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneChildren should avoid using mobile phones for all but essential calls because of possible health effects on young brains. This is one of the expected conclusions of an official government report to be published this week. The report is expected to call for the mobile phone industry to refrain from promoting phone use by children, and to start labeling phones with data on the amount of radiation they emit.The Independent Expert Group on Mobile Phones, chaired by former government chief scientist William Stewart, has spent eight months reviewing existing scientific evidence on all aspects of the health effects of using mobile phones. Its report is believed to conclude that because we don’t fully understand the nonthermal effects of radiation on human tissue, the government should adopt a precautionary approach, particularly in relation to children.There is currently no evidence that mobile phones harm users or people living near transmitter masts. But some studies show that cell-phones operating at radiation levels within current safety limits do have some sort of biological effect on the brain.John Tattersall, a researcher on the health effects of radiation at the Defense Evaluation and Research Agency’s site at Porton Down, agrees that it might be wise to limit phone use by children. “If you have a developing nervous system, it’s known to be more susceptible to environmental insults,” he says,“So if phones did prove to be hazardous——which they haven’t yet ——it would be sensible.”In 1998, Tattersall showed that radiation levels similar to those emitted by mobile phones could alter signals from brain cells in slices of rat brain, “What we’ve found is an effect, but we don’t know if it’s hazardous,” he says.Alan Preece of the University of Bristol, who found last year that microwaves increase reaction times in test subjects, agreed that children’s exposure would be greater. “There’s a lot less tissue in the way, and the skill is thinner, so children’s heads are considerably closer,” he says.Stewart’s report is likely to recommend that the current British safety standards on energy emissions from cell-phones should be cut to the level recommended by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, which is one-fifth of the current British limit. “The extra safety factor of five is somewhat arbitrary,” says Michael Clark of th e National Radiological Protection Board. “But we accept that it’s difficult for the UK to have different standards from an international body.”61. Just because it has not been confirmed yet whether mobile phone emissions can harm humantissue, according to the government report, does not mean that .A. the government should prohibit children from using cell-phonesB. we should put down the phone for the sake of safetyC. the industry can have a right to promote phone useD. children are safe using cell-phones62. Tattersall argues that it is wise to refrain mobile phone use by children in termsof .A. their neural developmentB. their ill-designed cell-phonesC. the frequency of their irrational useD. their ignorance of its possible health effects63. On the issue in question, Preece .A. does not agree with TattersallB. tries to remove the obstacles in the wayC. asks for further investigationD. would stand by Stewart64. What is worrisome at present is that the UK .A. is going to turn deaf ears to the voice of Stesart’s planB. finds it difficult to cut the current safety standards on phone useC. maintains different standards on safety limit from the international onesD. does not even impose safety limit on the mobile phones’ energy emissions65．Which of the following can bi the best candidate for the title of the passageA . Brain Wave B. For Adults OnlyC. Catch Them YoungD. The Answer in the AirPassage TwoAdvances in cosmetic dentistry and plastic surgery have made it possible to correct facial birth defects, repair damaged teeth and tissue, and prevent or greatly delay the onset of tooth decay and gum disease. As a result, more people smile more often and more openly today than ever in the past, and we can expect more smiles in the future.Evidence of the smile’s ascent may be seen in famous paintings in museums and galleries throughout the world. The vast majority of prosperous bigwigs(要人),voluptuous nudes, ormiddle-class family members in formal portraits and domestic scenes appear to have their mouths firmly closed. Soldiers in battle, children at play, beggars, old people, and especially villains may have their mouths open; but their smiles are seldom attractive, and more often suggest strain or violence than joy.Smiles convey a wide range of meanings in different eras and cultures, says art historian Angus Trumble, currently curator(馆长)of Yale University’s Center for British Art, in his book A Brief History of the Smile. Compare, for instance, the varying impressions made by the shy dimples(酒窝)of Leonardo’s Mona Lisa; the rosy-cheeked, mustachioed Laughing Cavalier of Frans Hals; and the”Smiley Face”logo perfected(though not invented)in 1963 by American graphic artist Harvey .In some non-Western cultures, Trumble notes, even a warm, open smile does not necessarily indicate pleasure or agreement. It can simply be a polite mask to cover emotions considered too rude or shocking to bi openly displayed.Subtle differences in muscle movement can convey enormous differences in emotion, from the tranquility of bronze Buddhas, to the erotic bliss of couples entwined in stone on Hindu temples, to the fierce smirk(假笑)of a guardian demon at the entrance to a Chinese tomb.Trumble expects the impact of Western medicine and mass media to further increase the pressure on people to grin broadly and laugh openly in public.”Faint smiles are increasingly thought of in scientific and psychological circles as something that falls short of the true smile ,”and therefore suggest insincerity or lack of enthusiasm, he says.With tattooing, boby piercing, and permanent cosmetics already well established as fashion trends, one can imagine tomorrow’s beauty shops adding plastic surgeons and dentists to their staffs. These comer-store cosmeticians would offer style makeovers to reshape our lips, teeth, and jawlines to mimic the signature smile of one’s favorite celebrity.What can you say to that except” Have a nice day”66. Had it not been for cosmetic advances, as inferred from the passage, .A . people would not have been as happy as they are todayB. the rate of facial birth defect would not have declinedC . there would not have been many more open smilesD. we would not have seen smiling faces in public67. According to the passage, it seems that whether there is a smile or not in the portraits orpictures is decided by .A. one’s internal sense of the external worldB . one’s identity or social positionC . one’s times of existenceD . All of the above68. Trumble’s study on smiles shows that .A. an open smile can serve as a cover-upB . the famous portraits radiate varying smilesC. even the human muscles can arouse varying emotionsD. smiles can represent misinterpretations of different eras and cultures69. What Trumble expects to see is .A. the increasing tendency of broad grins and open smiles in publicB . further impact of Western medicine upon non-Western culturesC. a wider range of meanings to be conveyed by smilesD. more of sincerity and enthusiasm in public70 . At the end of the passage, the author implicates .A. a fortune to come with cosmetic advancesB . an identical smile for everybobyC . future changes in life styleD . the future of smilesPassage ThreeAdolf Hitler survived an assassination attempt in 1944 with the lamp of penicillin made by the Allies, a microbiologist in the UK claims. If the Nazi leader had died from bacterial infection of his many wounds, the Second World War might have been over a year earlier, saving millions of lives, says Milton Wainwright of the University of Sheffield, a noted historian of microbiology.In a paper to be published soon in Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, Wainwright reveals first-hand evidence that Hitler was treated with penicillin by his personal doctor, Theo Morrell, following an assassination attempt in which a bomb in a suitcase exploded next to Hitler’s desk. Hitler was badly hurt, fleeing the scene with his hair and trousers on fire, a badly bleeding arm and countless wooden splinter wounds from the oak table that probably saved his life.Wainwright found confirmation that Morrell gave Hitler antibiotics as a precaution in a recent translation of Morrell’s own diary. “I happened to be reading it for interest when the word penicillin jumped out at me,” he says. He then set about trying to establish where Morrell might have got the drug.At the time, penicillin was available only to the Allies. German and Czechoslovakian teams had tried without much success to make it, Wainwright says, but the small quantities that were available were weak and impure. “It’s g enerally accepted that it was no good,” says Wainwright.He reasons that Morrell would only have risked giving Hitler penicillin to prevent infections if he were confident that the antibiotic would cure, not kill the German premier. “My research shows that Morrell, in a very dodgy(危险的) position as Hitler’s doctor, would only have used pure stuff.” And the only reliable penicillin was that made by the Allies. So where did Morrell get itWainwright’s investigations revealed that Allied airmen carried penicillin, so the Germans may have confiscated some from prisoners of war. The other more likely source is from neutral countries such Spain, which received penicillin from Allied countries for humanitarian purposes, perhaps for treating sick children.“I have proof the Allies were sending it to these countries,” says Wainwright. “I’m saying this would have got through in diplomatic bags, reaching Hitler’s doctor and the higher echelons(阶层)of the Nazi party. So this was almost certainly pure, Allied penicillin.”“We can never be certain it saved Hitler’s life,” says Wainwright. But he notes that one of Hitler’s henchmen(死党)，Reinhard Heydrich, died from blood poisoning after surviving acar-bomb assassination attempt. “Hair from his seat went into his wounds and gave him septicemia,” says Wainwright. Morrell may have been anxious to ensure that Hitler avoided the same fate.71. According to Wainwright, Adolf Hitler .A. might have used biological weapons in the warB. could not have committed suicide as confirmedC. could have died of bacterial infectionD. might have survived a bacterial plague72. Following his assassination in 1944, Adolf Hitler .A. began to exercise precautions against his personal attacksB. was anxious to have penicillin developed in his countryC. received an jinjection of penicillin for blood poisoningD. was suspected of being likely to get infected73. As Wainwright reasons, H itler’s personal doctor .A. cannot have dared to prescribe German-made penicillin to himB. need not have used pure antibiotic for his suspect infectionC. would have had every reason to assassinate himD. must have tried to produce penicillin74. Wainwright implies that the Third Reich .A. met the fate of collapse as expectedB. butchered millions of lives on the earthC. was severely struck by bacterial plaguesD. did have channels to obtain pure penicillin75.Which of the following can be the best title for the passageA.How Hitler Manage to Survive Assassination AttemptsB.Morrell Loyal to His German PrimierC.Hitler Saved by Allied DrugsD.Penicillin Abused in GermanPassage FourGet ready for a new kind of machine at your local gym: one that doesn’t involve huffing and puffing as you burn off calories. Instead, all you have to do is stand still for 30 seconds while the machine measures your body fat. It could then tell you exactly where you could do with losing a few pounds and even advise you on exercises for your problem areas. If the body fat scanner turns out to be accurate enough, its makers hope it could one day help doctors spot disease.The scanner works by simultaneously building up an accurate 3D image of the body, while measuring the body’s effect on an electromagnetic field. Combining the two measurements allows the researchers to work out the distribution of fat and water within. Neither method is new on itsown, says Henri Tapp, at the Institute of Food Research in Norwich in the UK. “The smart thing is that we’ve put them in one machine.”And it’s not just for gym users. The body fat scanner could be used to study fat deposition as children develop, while patients recover from injury, or during pregnancy. And since it uses radio waves rather than X-rays, Tapp’s device is safe to use repeatedly.Body shape is known to be a risk indicator for heart disease and diabetes. So accurately quantifying fat distribution could help doctors suggest preventive measures to patients before problems arise. At the moment, doctors estimate fat content from knowing body volume and water content. To a good approximation, says Tapp, anything that isn’t fat is water. The amount of water in the body is often measured by giving the subject a drink of water that contains a radioactive tracer. The level of tracer in the patient's urine after three hours reveals the total water volume.To find out a body’s volume, subjects are weighed while totally submerged in water, and this is subtracted from their normal weight to give the weight of water displaced, and hence the subject’s volume. But it is scarcely practical for seriously ill people.There are other ways to directly measure body fat, such as passing a minuscule current between the wrists and feet. The overall fat content can then be estimated from the body’s resistance. But this method doesn’t take body shape into account ——so a subject with particularly skinny legs might register a higher fat content than the true value. That’s because skinny legs—with a lower cross-sectional area——will present higher resistance to current. So the machine thinks the water content of the body is lower——rating the subject as fatter. Also, the system can only give an overall measurement of fat.Tapp’s method uses similar calculations, but is more sophisticated because it tells you where you are piling on the pounds.76. The new machine is designed .A. to picture the body’s hidden fatB. to identify those at risk for obesityC. to help clinically treat specific casesD. to measure accurately risky obesity-related effects77. The beauty of the device, according to Tapp, is that .A. it performs a dual functionB. it is of great accuracy in measurementC. it has significant implications in clinical practiceD. it contributes to the evolution of human anatomy78.Which of the following, according to the passage, does the machine have the potential tospareA. A minuscule current.B. A radioactive tracer.C. A water tank.D. All of the above.79.In comparison with the techniques mentioned in the passage, the body fat scanner .A. quickens the pace of the patient’s rehabilitationB. is highly appreciated for its safetyC. features its measuring precisionD. is easy to operate in the clinic80.For scanning, all the subject has to do is .A. take up a form of workout in the gymB. turn round the body fat scannerC. lie on the electromagnetic fieldD. sand in the systemPassage FiveThere is currently abroad a new wave of appreciation for breadth of knowledge. Curricula at universalities and colleges and programs in federal agencies extol(赞扬) the virtues of a broad education. For scientists who work in specialized jobs, it is a pleasure to escape in our spare time to read broadly in fields distant from our own. Some of us have made interdisciplinary study our occupation, which is no surprise, because much of the intellectual action in our society today lies at the interfaces between traditional disciplines. Environmental science is a good example, because it frequently requires us to be conversant in several different sciences and even some unscientific fields.Experiencing this breadth of knowledge is stimulating, but so is delving deeply into a subject. Both are wonderful experiences that are complementary practical and aesthetic(美学的)ways. They are like viewing the marvelous sculpture of knowledge in two different ways. Look at the sculpture from one perspective and you see the piece in its entirety, how its components connect to give it form, balance, and symmetry. From another viewpoint you see its detail, depth, and mass. There is no need to choose between these two perspectives in art. To do so would subtract from the totality of the figure.So it is with science. Sometimes we gaze through a subject and are reluctant to stop for too much detail. As chemists, we are fascinated by computer sciences or molecular genetics, but not enough to become an expert. Or we may be interested in an analytical technique but not enough to stay at its cutting edge. At other times, we become immersed in the detail of a subject and see its beauty in an entirely different way than when we browse. It is as if we penetrate the surface of the sculpture and pass through the crystal structure to the molecular level where the code for the entire structure is revealed.Unfortunately, in our zeal for breadth or depth, we often feel that it is necessary to diminish the value of the other. Specialists are sometimes ridiculed with names such as “nerd”or “technocrats”, generalists are often criticized for being too “soft” or knowing too little about any one thing. Both are ludicrous(可笑的) accusations that deny a part of the reality of environmental science. Let us not be divided by our passion for depth or breadth. The beauty that awaits us on either route is too precious to stifle, too wonderful to diminish by bickering(争吵).81. From a broad education to interdisciplinary study, we can see .A. the integration of theory with practiceB. the enthusiasm for breadth of knowledge。
2003年南京大学考博英语真题试卷(精选)(题后含答案及解析)
2003年南京大学考博英语真题试卷（精选）(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. English-Chinese Translation 4. Chinese-English TranslationStructure and V ocabulary1．This platform would collapse if all of us______on it.A．standB．stoodC．would standD．had stood正确答案：B解析：本题是说如果我们都站在讲台上，它就会塌了。
本题考查的是一般现在时的虚拟语气结构，主句用would+动词，从句用一般过去式，因此B项正确。
2．The young man who saw the car______into the river telephoned the police.A．plungedB．plungeC．was plungingD．to plunge正确答案：B解析：本题意为“看见车陷入河里的年轻人给警察局打了电话”。
see sth．do 表示看到事物动作的整个过程，因此B项为正确答案。
3．You can come with me to the museum this afternoon______you don’t mind walking for haft an hour.A．unlessB．so far asC．exceptD．if正确答案：D解析：本题意为“如果你不介意走半个小时路的话，你今天下午就跟我一块去博物馆吧”。
只有D项符合题意。
4．We can rely on William to carry out this mission, for his judgment is always______.A．inexplicableB．healthyC．soundD．straight正确答案：C解析：本题后半句是说他的判断总是很正确。
华东师范大学2003年博士生入学考试英语试卷及答案
华东师范⼤学2003年博⼠⽣⼊学考试英语试卷及答案华东师范⼤学2003年招收博⼠学位研究⽣⼊学考试英语试卷Paper OnePart I Listening Comprehension 15% (20 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear ten short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.1. A. From the policemen. C. In the town.B. In the car. D. At the police station.2. A. Doctor. C. Receptionist.B. Secretary. D. Patient.3. A. Mr. Bixy's secretary. C. A typist.B. Mr. Bixby's friend. D. Mr. Bixby's client.4. A. Ron. C. Lucy.B. Ron's friend. D. Lucy's husband.5. A. Visiting as many places as he can. C. Visiting his friends here.B. Visiting a variety of museums. D. Visiting the art museums.6. A. The first speaker's is going to spend the weekend there and then visit some friends.B. The first speaker is going to visit some friends there.C. The first speaker is going to attend a conference there.D. The first speaker is going to see a doctor there.7. A. Making some money.B. This spring.C. Thinking.D. Putting on a show.8. A. By subway. C. By bus.B. By taxi. D. On foot.9. A. 39 B. 27 C.54 D. 9310. A. The second speaker had a very serious accident.B. The first speaker is feeling well.C. The first speaker doesn't know what happened to the second speaker.D. The first speaker thought that the accident was not serious.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage 1Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A. Why people need to sleep. C. Two purposes of sleep.B. Two kinds of sleep. D. Why and how people sleep.12. A. Active sleep. C. Physical sleep.B. Passive sleep. D. Emotional sleep.13. A. Only when people sleep well, will they feel rested.B. Dreaming occurs in active sleep and helps restore our energy.C. All people dream for one and a half hours during eight hours of sleep.D. Dreaming won't occur until the passive sleep period is over.Passage 2Questions 14 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A. Chinese readers. C. The Romans.B. German readers. D. Non-Chinese.15. A. The first of January. C. The middle of winter.B. The middle of November. D. The beginning of the harvest season16.A. It means a period of rest from workB. It brings us a good life.C. It symbolizes a new life with new hope.D. It embodies a happy occasion.17. A. The celebration of the New Y ear.B. The difference between the western New Y ear and Chinese New Y ear.C. The origin of the New Y ear festival.D. The significance of the New Y ear festival.Passage 3Questions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.18. A. When she was a graduate. C. When she entered a university.B. At the age of sixteen. D. Before she entered a university.19. A. Because she wanted to make friends with the staff.B. Because she wanted to earn extra money for the summer vacation.C. Because she wanted to get some experience in a hotel.D. Not mentioned.20. The head waiter had a sense of humorB. The woman didn't care much about her appearance.C. The woman was easy-going and carefree.D. The hotel was not far from where they lived.Part II Vocabulary (10%) (10 minutes)Directions: Below each sentence, there are four words marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the sentenceor that best completes the sentence. Write the corresponding letter onyour Answer Sheet.21. Smith's position in this agency provides him with authority to award contracts and to __ obligations for payment of bills as well.A. incure C. resumeB. support D. incite22. For all her rich experience in practicing law, the lawyor failed to pry much information out of the witness.A. sophisticated C. obstinateB. sober D. gloomy23. Shanghai Orient Men Basketball Team attributed its National League Basketball Tournament in 2002 to a number of factors.A. losing...ominous C. winning...advantageousB. embarrassing...optimistic D. winning...adventurous24. A(n) of employment opportunities prospective employees entering the job market.A. excess...impedes C lack…inspiresB. surfeit...hinder D. dearth...discourages25. Anyone who believes that war is stupid and unnecessary thinks that to lose one's life on the battlefield is .A. glorious C. heroicB. futitle D. courageous26. Unruly people may well become if they are delt with by the people around them.A. composed...respect C. angry...benevolenceB. clam...irritation D. dangerous...favoured27. I was absolutely when I received a C on the exam in mathematics, for I was positive that I could have got an A.A. elated C. incitedB. frustrated D. contented28. In this youthhood, Jack was withdrawn, preferring the company of books to that of people; consequently, in his adulthood Jack was socially .A. successful C tranquil29. Scientists believe that a conclusion which is drawn readily before all of the relevant data are collected, analyzed and contemplated is called .A. insincere C. prematureB. premise D. presumption30. The advancement of science and technology has demonstrated that a fact appearing to contradict to certain theory may actually be a more advanced formulation of that theory.A. consistent with C. eliminated byB. in opposition to D. incompatible with31. Nancy is an advocate of consumer rights and has spent a great part of her professional career attempting to __ the deceitful claims of business companies.A. show onB. show outC. show offD. show up32. The lover of democracy has an towards totalitarianism.A. empathy C. sympathyB. antipalthy D. symphony33. As he has faith in Mary's integrity, Mr. Lee offers to with the president on her behalf concerning the "cheating" matter.A. interrupt C. interjectB. interfere D. intervene34. Jenny's wealth of practical experience and psychological acuity (sharpness) more than her lack of formal academic training.A. compensate for C. speak volumes forB. account for D. make for35. Applied science is discovering ways to use the knowledge of theoretical science.A. concerned about C. concerned forB. combined with D. concerned with36. The former president is to verify at a human rights court heating cases of atrocities.A. testify C. provide37. As is known to all, the rail service now operates without a sum of money granted by the government for assistance.A. bonus C. yieldB. pension D. subsidy38. In the Anti-Japanese War, flexibility and mobility were the features of the Chinese Eighth Route Army and Communist guerrillas.A. characters C. contributesB. attributes D. properties39. As a yieldance to the public outcry, the government reduced the tax on income.A. recession C. concessionB. permission D. possession40. In the dim light, I managed to discern the shadowy figure of a big dog among the trees.A. make off C. make outB. make up D. make overIII. Structure (5%) (10 minutes)Directions: There are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D beneath each sentence. You are to choose the one which can best complete the sentenceif inserted at the blank space. Write the corresponding letter on yourAnswer Sheet.41. If this evil man remained unpunished, our social moral standard .A. will undermine' C. would be underminedB. would undermine D. will be undermined42. Mary' s eyes are red now, she must on hearing the sad news.A. cry C. be cryingB. have been crying D. have cried43. She brought her rage under control, her smiling face her real feeling.A. disguised C. disguiseB. disguising D. to disguise44. The mechanic couldn't operate the machine his efforts.A. for all C. but forB. owing to D. according to45. Eating more nutritious food than is needed doesn't make it function better, overfilling the tank makes a car move faster.A. not more than C. less thanB. no more than D. any more than46. David was so careful on the test that his paper was .A. with some errors C. full of errorsB. free from errors D. not having some errors47. The TV star accompanied by many fans deliver a speech in no time.A. are to C. is toB. are being to D. is being to48. The manager thinks it desirable that some adjustments without delay.A. are made C. be madeB. made D. will be made49. I met with something difficult to deal with and intended to turn to my teachers for help yesterday. I rushed into the officeonly to find not a single teacher there.A. I could consult C. I could consult withB. could I consult on D. could I consult50. revealed the secret?A. Who was it that C. Who was it whoB. It was who that D. It was whom thatIV. Error Identification (5%) (10 minutes)Directions:There are four underlined words or parts marked A, B, C and D in each of the following sentences. Choose the one that you think incorrect, andwrite the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.51. Many motions submitted at the first session of the 10th National People's Congress called forABguarantees of the rights of laid -off workers, migrant labourers except for safeguardsfor theCDnational economy and social security system.52. To meet increasing demand, Shanghai has embarked upon the huge ShanghaiA BHarbour International Passenger Terminal Centre, locating on the City's HuanpuCRiver, at a cost of 3.2 billion yuan.D53. This scenic capital began construction of a massive project comprises a waterA B Cpipeline network and two water processing plants.D54. The training of performers, directors, and designers have been the purpose ofA B CAmerican National Theatre and Academy for over 50 years.D55. The infectious disease was broken out in Hainan that summer and hundreds ofA Bpeople were dead, many children included.C D56. I intended to have her accompany me to the concert yesterday evening, but sheA Brejected my request.C D57. All these dictionaries which have been donated by a publishing house are to beA B C Dused by the students here.58. Were it not for his illness last week, he would have been quite enthusiastic aboutA B Cthe plan and done something for it.D59. So far as the influence of computerization is concerned, nowhere we can see theA Bresults more clearly than in the US, which really have amazed us.C D60. Come in and have a look at the person seated by the window. He is no more a manA B Cthan the one you are looking for.DV. Reading (25%) (60 minutes)Directions: Read the fotlowing five passages carefully, choose the best answer to each question from the four choices given, and then write thecorresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.Passage 1Birds sometimes exhibit benevolent feelings; they will feed the deserted young ones even of distinct species, but this perhaps ought to be considered as a mistaken instinct. They will feed, as shown in an earlier part of this work, adult birds of their own species which have become blind. Mr. Buxton gives a curious account of a parrot which took care of a frost-bitten and crippled bird of a distinct species, cleansed her feathers and defended her from the attacks of the other parrots which roamed freely about his garden. It is a still more curious fact that these birds apparently evince some sympathy for the pleasures of their fellows. When a pair of cockatoos made a nest in an acacia tree "it was ridiculous to see the extravagant interest taken in the matter by the others of the same species." These parrots also evinced unbounded curiosity and clearly had "the idea of property and possession." They have good memories, for in the Zoological Gardens they have plainly recognized their former masters after an interval of some months.Birds possess acute powers of observation. Every mated bird, of course, recognizes its fellow. Audubon states that a certain number of mating thrushes (Mimus polyglottus) remain all the year round in Louisiana, while others migrate to the Eastern States; these latter on their return are instantly recognized and always attacked by their southern brethren. Birds under confinement distinguish different persons, as is proved by the strong and permanent antipath or affection which they show without any apparent cause toward certain individuals. I have heard ofnumerous instances with jays, partridges, canaries, and especially bullfinches. Mr. Husscy has described in how extraordinary a manner a tamed partidge recognized everybody; and its likes and dislikes were very strong This bird seemed "fond of gay colors, and no new gown or cap could be put on without catching his attention." Mr. Hcwitt has described the habits of some ducks (recenfiy descended from wild birds) which at the approach of a strange dog or cat would rush headlong into the water and exhaust themselves in their attempts to escape; but they knew Mr. Hewitt's own dogs and catsso well that they would lie down and bask in the sun close to them. They always moved away from a strange man, and so they would from the lady who attended them if she made any great change in her dress. Audubon relates that he reared and tamed a wild turkey which always ran away from any strange dog; this bird escaped into the woods, and some days afterward Audubon saw, as he tho ught, a wild turkey and made his dog chase it; but to his astonishment the bird did not nm away, and the dog when he came up did not attack the bird, for they mutually recognized each other as old friends.Mr. Jenner Weir is convinced that birds pay particular attention to the colors of other birds, sometimes out of jealousy and sometimes as a sign of kinship. Thus he turned a reed-bunting (Emberiza sehoeniculus), which had acquired its black headdress, into his aviary, and the newcomer was not noticed by any bird except by a bullfinch, which is likewise black-headed_ This bullfinch was a very quiet bird, and had never before quarreled with any of its comrades, including another reed-bunting, which had not as yet become black-headed; but the reed-bunting with a black head was so unmercifully treated that it had to be removed.61. Why does Darwin cite Mr. Buxton?A. To support his theory about birds' powers of observation.B. To support his statement about birds' benevolence.C. To contrast with his own observations of birds,D. Both A and B.62. Why does Darwin mention jays, partridges, canaries, and bullfinches?A. To explain why some birds cannot be trained.B. To educate his reader on types of local birds.C. To contrast with a later discussion of shore birds.D. To support his discussion of birds' memories.63. What does Darwin mean by "a sign of kinship"A. Mark of common parentage.B. Premonition of future union.C. Symbol of compatibility.D. Evidence of family relationship.64. A good title for paragraph 3 might beA. "Different-Colored Birds"B. "Bullfinches and Their Colors"C. "An Example of Color Recognitiion in Birds"D. "Captive Birds"65. The main purpose of this passage is toA. compare three species of birdsB. review current studies of birdsC. compare wild birds to confined birdsD. discuss some traits of birdsPassage 2At the end of what seemed a tedious while, I had managed to pack my head full of islands, towns, bars, "points," and bends; and a curiously inanimate mass of lamber it was, too. However, inasmuch as I could shut my eyes and reel off a good long string of these names without leaving out more than ten miles of river in every filly, I began to feel that I could make her skipthose little gaps. But of course my complacency could hardly get start enough to lift my nose a trifle into the air, before Mr. Bixby would think of something to fetch it down again. One day he turned on me suddenly with this settler:"What is the shape of Walnut Bend?"He might as well have asked me my grandmother's opinion of protoplasm( 原⽣质)。
考博复习中科院考博2003年英语试题
助力考博复习真题及解析THE CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ENGLISH ENTRANCE EXA MINATIONFORDOCTORAL CANDIDATES PAPER ONEPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (20 minutes, 20 points) Section A (10 points, 1 point each)Directions: In this section, you will hear ten short conversations betwee n two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be as feed about what was said. The question will be spoken only once. Ch oose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corre sponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your M achine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. A, She is sick.B. She is hungry.C. She was bitten by an ant.D. She had a long bicycle ride.2. A. He's outgoing.B. He's considerate.C- He's successful.D. He's nice to all,3. A. 30 minutesB. 25 minutesC. 20 minutesD. 15 minutes4. A. take the airB. park the carC. fill in the formD. work on a text5. A. apply for a credit cardB. get a driver's licenseC. buy an insuranceD. rent a vehicle6. A, Crime needs to be treated as a disease.B. Primitive punishment will do no good.C. Severe punishment is necessary to stop crime.D. Primitive people had trouble with crime treatment.7. A, the sale of the old housesB. the pulling down of the gas companyC. the proposal of the councilD. the building of the office blocks8. A. He will not be able to many Cindy.B. He has financial problems.C. He has yet to buy furniture.D. He may not be recovered until the wedding.9. A. Both are having a cold.B. Both are on holidays.C. The woman feels sorry for the man.D. The woman hopes to see the man in the school.10. A. He felt sympathy for the Vietnamese.B. He used to come to the U.S. unlawfully.C. He aided illegal immigration to the U.S.D. He dealt with 7,000 immigration cases.Section B (10 points, 1 point each)Directions: In ihis section, you will hear three short passages. At the e nd of each passage, there will be a few questions. Both the passage and the questions will be read to you only once. After each question, t here will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best ans wer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter wit h a single bar across thesquare brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.11. A. to make children grow tall and strongB. to keep the soul in the bodyC. to prevent someone from saying evil thingsD. to protect someone against catching a cold12. A. They think a good spirit may help the child grow,B. They want to drive away the devil "sneeze."C. They say it as a curse for the child to stop sneezing.D. They consider a sneeze an obstacle to the child's growth.13. A. the GermanB. the ItalianC. the JapaneseD. the Hindus14. A. All peoples are afraid of sneezing.B. Some people never sneeze in their lives.C. The moment of sneezing is very dangerous.D. Many people say prayers when they sneeze.15. A. a lack of available flightsB. long delays at the airportC. boredom on long flightsD. long trips to and from the airport16. A. on short tripsB. on long tripsC. when flying over citiesD. when flying at high altitudes17. A. It fuels with nuclear energy.B. It rests on a cushion of pressurized air.C. It flies above magnetically activated tracks.D. It uses a device similar to a jet engine-18. A. She is poor in school grade.B, Her major is thought to be useless.C, Her job expectation is too high.D, There is now an economic recession.19. A, undergraduatesB. experienced M.B.A.sC. laid-off workersD. liberal-arts majors20. A. Unemployment rate will get still higher.B. There will be no multiple job offers.C. 2 million job seekers will compete for jobs.D. First-time job requirements will be lowered.(THIS IS THE END OF LISTENING COMPREHENSION.)PART II VOCABULARY (15 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0.5 point each)Directions: Choose the word or expression below each sentence shot b est completes the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scaring Answer Sheet,21. His trick convinced none but the mostA. credulousB. plausibleC. trustworthyD. feasible22. Many people proposed that a national committee be formed to disc uss toexisting mass transit systems.A. substitutesB. measuresC, duplicates D. alternatives23. He is a hypocrite, a liar, a thief— , he is the greatest devil I ever know.A. as a consequenceB. as a ruleC, as a matter of fact D. as a matter of routine24. Since she was alone, she opened the door . leaving the chain lock fastened.A. warilyB. consciouslyC. audaciouslyD. recklessly25. In the last few minutes the conversation has become seemingly as ifthe discussion were of some minor domestic matter and not survival its elf,A. crucialB. centralC. casualD. causal26. I didn't listen to Mom and 1 was not surprised at the look of on her face.A. indifferenceB. complimentC, negligence D. reproach27. The victims of drunken driving in America over the past decade___ __ anincredible 250,000, with three killed every hour of every day on averag e.A. Sake upB. add up toC, count for D. turn out to28. He is believed to have been shot by a rival gang in for the shooti ngslast week.A. revenge B, reserveC. reverseD. remedial29. These pollutants can be hundreds and even thousands of kilometer s bylarge air masses.A. containedB. conveyedC. contaminatedD. conserved30. There are a few small things that I don't like about my job, but _ i t'svery enjoyable.A. all at onceB. once and for allC. so much asD. by and large31. In a divorce, the mother usually is granted___________ of her chil dren.A. supportB. retentionC. perseveranceD. custody32. What he had in mind to nothing less than a total reversal of the tr aditional role of the executive.A. contributedB. dedicatedC. amountedD. added33. Some Heads of Government now fear that negotiations will beforea settlement is reached.A. wear outB. come alongC. break offD. end up34. A of soap and two brightly colored towels were left beside the bat h, then the women smiled politely at Nicole and withdrew carefully from the room.A. loaf B, barC. stick D, block35. Of the 1200 million people who call themselves Chinese, a very s mallnumber speak what is referred to as standard Chinese.A. none butB. but forC. all butD. but then36.___________ recent brain and behavioral research. Dr. Goleman wr ote a fascinating book entitled "Emotional Intelligence."A. Drawing upB. Drawing onC. Putting upD. Putting on37. Many people think of deserts as regions, but numerous species of plants and animals have adapted to life there,A. remoteB. irginC. alienD. barren38. Attempts to persuade her stay after she felt insulted were __,A, of no avail B. out of focusC. at a loss D, in no way39. Scientists are certain that there is a cancer-inhibiting agent in theblood of the shark.A. dubiouslyB. virtuallyC. queerlyD. randomly40. The integration of staff for training has led to a good exchange of i deas, greater enthusiasm, and higher staff .________ ,A. moral B, mortalC. moraleD. moresPART III CLOZE TEST (IS minutes, 15 points)Directions: There are 15 questions in this part of the test. Read the pa ssage through-Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresp onding tetter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across she square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.It is appropriate on an anniversary of the founding of a university to re mind ourselves of its purposes. It is equally appropriate at such time fo r students to 4j why they have been chosen to attend and to consider how they can best 42.__ the privilege of attending.At the least you 95 students can hope to become 43 in subject matter which may be useful to you in later life. There is, 44 , much more to be gained. It is now that you must learn to exercise your mind suffici ently __45_ learning becomes a joy and you thereby become a student for life. 46 this may require an effort of will and a period of self-discip line. Certainly it is not 47 without hard work. Teachers can guide and encourage you, but learning is not done passively. To learn is your48. There is 49 the trained mind satisfaction to be derived from exploring the ideas of others, mastering them and evaluating them. But there is 5 0 level of inquiry which I hope that some of you will choose. If your st udy takes you to the 51 of understanding of a subject and, you have r eached so far, you find that you can penetrate to 52 no one has been before, you experience an exhilaration which can't be denied and whic h commits you to a life of research.Commit mem to a life of scholarship or research is 53 many other lau dable goals. It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even 54 other facets of life prove disappointing. I strongly 55 it,41.A. count42. A, benefit from43. A. efficient44. A. however45. A. if46. A. Of late47. A. acquired48. A. ambition49. A. to50.A. any51.A. ends52. A. elsewhere53. A. compatible with54. A. shall55. A. declareB. reflect t B.ake over B.excellent t B.herefore B.because B.Consequently B.accomplished B.conscience B.onB. oneB.limitsB.whatB. responsible forB. willB. recommendC. depend C.apply for C.professional C.indeedC. so that C.Afterwards C.approached C.responsibility C. in C. another C, bordersC. whicheverC. followed byC. wouldC, adviseD. comment D. go hrough D. proficient D. after all D.before D. At first D.assuredD.challenge D. byD. noD. edgesD. relevant toD.whereD. shouldD. contendPART IV READING COMPREHENSION (60 minutes, 30 points) Directio ns: Be low each of the following passages you will find some question s or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices market! A, B, C. end D. Read each passage carefully, an d then select (he choice that bear answers the question or completes (he statement Mark (fie teller of your choice with a single bar across (he square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage ISmall, pink and very ugly. Hardly the qualities of a star, but they descr ibe the deformed mouse that was the media darling at a recent scienc e exhibition in Beijing. With a complex tissue structure in the shape of a human ear grafted on to its back, the rosy rodent was a stunning sy mbol of the serious strides China is making in the field of biotechnology.China is fast applying the latest life-science techniques learned from th e West to aggressively pursue genome research. It's establishing its ow n centers of technical excellence to build a scientific base to compete directly with the United States and Europe. With a plentiful supply of s mart young scientists at home and lots of interest abroad biotechnology is on the brick of a boom in China. And in the view of foreign scienti sts, Beijing is playing a clever hand, maximizing the opportunities open to them.For the moment, the cooperation exists mostly with Europe and the U. S. But Asia's other biotech leaders, Japan, Singapore and Korea, also are recognizing China's potential as an attractive low-cost base to cond uct research. These partnerships—and China's advancement in the field of biotechnology—could help benefit the rest of Asia: China's rapid pro gress in improving crop yields will address food-security concerns in the region, In addition, China is more likely to focus on developing chea p technology that its predominantly poor population—and those of other Asian countries—-can afford.There remain, however, serious barriers to the development qf a strong biotech industry. Among them are a poor domestic legal framework, w eak enforcement of intellectual-property rights and loose adherence to i nternational standards, China is a signatory of the International Bio Saf ety Protocol, which should mean adherence to global standards governi ng the conduct of field trials. But some observers are skeptical. 'The re gulations look good, but I haven't met one scientist who believes they are being fully adhered to," says a European science analyst.If shortcuts are taken, then some of the recent scientific achievements trumpeted in the official press may never make it to market. But no m atter how strict lab tests are. other problems lie in waii. For example, t here is a number of tasks it would take years :o fulfill in the patents of fice, says one lawyer, leaving innovators with little protection if they tak e a product to market in China.56, The mouse on display is most significant in that _ _.A. it has an ear in the shape of a human earB. it is unusually small and ugly as a starC. it is the focus of the media at the exhibitionD. it indicates China's progress in biotechnology57. The phrase "on the brink of a boom" (in boldface in Paragraph 2) i n the contextmeans .A. having an edge in competitionB. in great demandC. on the way to successD. preparing for challenge58. In the field of biotechnology China is thought to .A. have been making an utmost effort learning from the WestB. have become a country among the advancedC. have been able to rival the United Sates and EuropeD. have launched a biotechnological revolution59. Japan, Singapore, and Korea will also be interested in cooperating with China in biotechnology because________ .A. it has made extraordinary contributions to the worldB. it has large supplies of talents and advanced research centersC. its research focuses on the benefits of all Asian countriesD. its cooperation with the US and Europe proves profitable60. Science analysts are worried that China, in the course of biotech d evelopment,A. might refuse to join efforts to adhere to global standardsB. may put too much emphasis on developing cheap technologyC. cannot afford to fulfill years of tasks in assessing patentsD. may not seriously follow the International Bio Safety Protocol61. As implied in the context, the shortcuts that might be taken include ___________ .A. publicizing recent achievements in the official pressB. the protection of innovators with their productsC. the violation of intellectual-property rightsD. making lab tests as strict as possiblePassage 2The sizzling streams of sunlight were just beautifully glimmering down o n the crisp green schoolyard. Such a wonderful day that was. Nothing could have ruined it.Little Jimmy, since it was such a wonderful day, decided to go to the corner store and buy himself a little treat. As Jimmy started walking ov er to the store, Clouds flocked over the dazzling sun and the sudden p itch dark meant no trouble, On the other side of the road were three white boys from Jimmy's same school. Upon recognizing Jimmy, the bo ys ran over the street to where he was."Hey Negro, what's up?" one of the white boys said,"Did your mamma pack you enough to eat today? "another hooted. "Ju st leave me alone," Little Jimmy said." Oh no, Jimmy's really getting pist off!?" the first boy retaliated. "Just shove off and let me be," Jimmy answered.It is like this everyday, everywhere, and every time, people suffer discri mination. All because they have differences amongst each other. Differe nt beliefs, different cultures, different skin colors, all of these act like b uilding blocks to help construct what we know as Racism.Racism has become one of the many burdens amongst multi-cultural w orlds like Canada and the States. Racism is a part of each and every one of us. No doubt, we are all racist, but the term racism has been u sed too loosely. Racism has been mutated to such an extent that ii co uld be a reason for war, a symbol of terrorism, and even an excuse fo r neglecting.Is that all there is to it? No, actually it is just the beginning. Racism is just like warfare in which there is no shelter and nobody is neutral. Nobody is exempt from this demon. He has haunted us with a bitter c urse. On one occasion I remember, nobody would play with me at sch ool. 1 would walk around by myself and ask people if we could play to gether. Everywhere that 1 went, like the process of induction, everyone would avoid me. Like two inducted poles with the some polarity, they would just shimmer off into the distance and continue to do whatever t hey're doing. Because of racial differences, they neglect me.People are afraid of the unknown, and it is this difference amongst peo ple that spread rumors and distrust amongst people. Corrupting our tho ughts and reasons, we get accustomed to thinking differences are ome ns. Amongst smaller kids, there is no difficulty in getting them to all pl ay together, Their thoughts are not totally corrupted as others. Probably the demon has no time to bother with smaller children.62. With the description of the weather and Jimmy's teeling about it the author intends to show that_________ .A. what a happy world it is for humansB. what an innocent boy Jimmy wasC. what an unusual thing that was to happen to JimmyD. what a wonderful world that people have ignored63. From the conversation with the three white boys, we learn that Jim myA. must have offended them beforeB. was a pleasant boy to be talked toC. was being humiliated for being blackD. must have got used to their behaviors64, According to the author, RacismA. leads to a world with no varietyB. does not see the differences between culturesC. hinders rhe world's economic developmentD. does not tolerate coexistence of different cultures65. By saying ''No doubt, we are alt racist" (in boldface in Paragraph3) the author admits that .A. we are all warlike by natureB. we all discriminate against other peoplesC. we are all proud of our own race and nationD. we all focus on the difference between races66, To be continued, the passage would probably be followed by a par agraph that deals withA. how children's thoughts are corrupted by racism as they growB. the author's far more miserable experience of being neglectedC. how the black people should unite to fight against the WhitesD. the education of smaller children to behave pleasantly to each other67. Which of the following can best describe the tone of the passage?A. provocativeB. indignantC. sentimentalD. sarcasticPassage 3This week marks the 10th anniversary of the Alar apple scare, in whic h many American consumers were driven into a panic following the rel ease of a report by an environmental organization claiming that apples containing the chemical Alar posed a serious health threat to preschoolers. The report was disseminated through a PR (Problem Report) camp aign and bypassed any legitimate form of scientific peer review. Introdu ced to the American public by CBS' "60 Minutes," the unsubstantiated claims in the report led some school districts to remove apples from th eir school lunch programs and unduly frightened conscientious parents t rying to develop good eating habits for their children.Last month, Consumers Union released a report warning consumers of the perils of consuming many fruits and vegetables that frequently cont ained '"unsafe" levels of pesticide residues. This was especially true for children, they claimed. Like its predecessor 10 years earlier, the Cons umers Union report received no legitimate scientific peer review and th e public's first exposure to it was through news coverage.Not only does such reporting potentially drive children from consuming healthful fruits and vegetables, the conclusions were based on a mislea ding interpretation of what constitutes a "safe" level of exposure. Briefl y, the authors used values known as the "chronic reference doses," set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, as their barometers of s afety. Used appropriately, these levels represent the maximum amount of pesticide that could be consumed daily for life without concern. For a 70-year lifetime, for example, consumers would have to ingest this av erage amount of pesticide every day for more than 25,000 days. It is c lear, as the report points out. that there are days on which kids may b e exposed to more; it is also clear that there are many more days wh en exposure is zero. Had the authors more appropriately calculated the cumulative exposures for which the safety standards are meant to app ly, there would have been no risks and no warnings.Parents should feel proud, rather than guilty, of providing fruits and veg etables for their children. It is well established that a diet rich in such f oods decreases the risk of heart disease and cancer. Such benefits dr amatically overwhelm the theoretical risks oftiny amounts of pesticides in food. So keep serving up the peaches, a pples, spinach, squash, grapes and pears.68. In the Alar apple scare, many Americans were frightened because ,A. scientists warned that apples were dangerousB. many school children became ill after eating applesC. it was reported that apples were harmful to healthD. apples were discovered to have too much pesticide69. The warning message about the Alar apple was given .A. by Consumers UnionB. by a health centerC. through an news agencyD. through the government70. The last month report parallels that on the Alar apple scare in that .A. neither really caused worry among the publicB. neither underwent a scientific peer reviewC. neither provided statistical supportsD. neither aimed for the public good71. The ''chronic reference doses" (in boldface in Paragraph 3) refer to .A, the safe levels of pesticide exposureB. the amount of fruits one can safely eatC, one's digestive capacity for fruitsD. health values of fruits and vegetables72. With regard to the pesticides in food, this passage seems to argue thatA. parents should keep their children from the food with pesticidesB. they should be applied to fruits and vegetables with cautionC. more research needs to be done on their harmfulness to healthD. they are not as threatening as said to children most of the time73, The primary purpose of this passage is to explain that___A. not all reports on food are scientifically soundB. it is important for the public to know the risks of pesticidesC. vegetables and fruits can be harmful to children's healthD. there should be no public concern over pesticidesPassage 4Abortion. The word alone causes civil conversation to flee the room. Th is is largely because the pro-choice and pro-life positions are being defi ned by their extremes, by those who scream accusations instead of ar guments.More reasonable voices and concerns, on both sides of the fence, are given little attention.For example, prolife extremists seem unwilling to draw distinctions betw een some abortions and others, such as those resulting from rape with an underage child. They would make no exception in the recent real-li fe case of a woman who discovered in her fifth month that her baby w ould be bom dead due to severe disabilities.On the other hand, pro-choice extremists within feminism insist on holdi ng inconsistent positions. The pregnant woman has an unquestionable r ight to abort, they claim. Yet if the biological father has no say whatso ever over the woman's choice, is it reasonable to impose legal obligati ons upon him for child support? Can absolute legal obligation adhere without some son of corresponding legal rights?The only hope for progress in the abortion dialogue lies in the great ex cluded middle, in the voices of average people who see something wro ng with a young girl forced to bear the baby of a rapist.Any commentary on abortion should include a statement of the writer'sposition, I represent what seems to be a growing "middle ground" in pr o-choice opinion. Legally, 1 believe in the right of every human being t o medically control everything under his or her own skin. Many things people have a legal right to do, however, seem clearly wrong to me: a dultery, lying to friends, walking past someone who is bleeding on the street. Some forms of abortion fall into that category. Morally speaking, my doubts have become so extreme that I could not undergo the pro cedure past the first three months and 1 would attempt to dissuade frie nds from doing so.Partial-birth abortion has thrown many pro-choice advocates into moral chaos. I find it impossible to view photos of late-term abortion—the fetu s's contorted features, the tiny fully formed hands, the limbs ripped apa rt—without experiencing nausea. This reaction makes me ineffectual in advocating the absolute right to abortion. 1 stand bytlie principle, "a woman's body, a woman's right" but I don't always like myself for do ing so.Fanatics on both sides are using reprehensible and deceitful tactics. An honest dialogue on abortion must start by re-setting the stage, by den ouncing the approaches that block communication.74. According to the passage, the pro-life and pro-choice positions on abortion areA. complementary to each otherB. opposed to each otherC. similar in natureD. reconcilable in a way75. To a pro-life extremist, .A. all babies should be carried to termB. babies resulting from rape should not be bomC. deformed babies can be aborted when detectedD. an underage girl has no right to give birth76. According to the pro-choice position,_____A. a pregnant woman cannot abort her baby if its father agrees to kee p itB. a pregnant woman has an absolute right of choice over an abortionC. the baby's father also has a say over its mother's choice of abortio nD. the baby's father has an unalienable obligation to support the baby 77, Who would insist that the baby be born whether or not it is the chi ld of a rapist?A. the authorB. average peopleC. a pro-choice advocateD. a pro-life extremist78. The author doubts the legal right to lie to friends as well as the one toA. abort a fetus in its fifth monthB. view the photos of late-term abortionC. give birth to a baby in one's teenageD. dispose of whatever under one's skin79. The author, as a "middle ground" person,___________ .A. actually holds a mild pro-life opinionB. proposes that a rapist's baby never be bornC. advocates a serious dialogue on abortionD. denies the principle "a woman's body, a woman's right"Passage 5In the absence of optimism, we are left with nothing but critics, naysay ers, and prophets of doom. When a nation expects the worst from its people and institutions, and its experts focus exclusively on faults, hope dies. Too many people spend too much time looting down rather than up, Finding fault with their country's political institutions, economic syst em, educational establishment, religious organizations, and—worst of all —with each other.Faultfinding expends so much negative energy that nothing is left over for positive action. It takes courage and strength to solve the genuine problems that afflict every society. Sure, there will always be things tha t need fixing. But the question is, Do you want to spend your time and energy tearing things down or building them up?The staging of a Broadway show could illustrate my point. Let's say a new production is about to open, A playwright has polished the script, i nvestors have put up the money, and the theater has been rented, A director has been chosen, actors have been auditioned and selected, a nd the cast has been rehearsing for weeks. Set, lighting, and sound e ngineers have been hard at work. By the time opening night arrives, n early a hundred people have labored tirelessly—all working long hours t o make magic for iheir audience.On opening night, four or five critics sit in the audience, [f they pan it, the play will probably close in a matter of days or weeks. If they prai se it, the production could go on for a long and successful run. In the end, success or failure might hinge on the opinion of a single person—someone who might be in a bad mood on opening night! What's wrong with this scene? In one sense, nothing. Critics have a legitimate role. The problem arises when we make critics our heroes or put them in c ontrol of our fate. When we empower the critic more than the playwrig ht, something is wrong. It is much easier to criticize than to create. Wh en we revere the critics of society, we eventually become a society of critics, and when that happens, there is no room left for constructive o ptimism.。
2003医学博士英语考试真题听力及解析
题型
Medical
重点词汇短语
ring the bell
听到某件事或者某 个人，觉得耳熟
Script & Analysis
13. W: I’ve just made up a quart of orange juice this morning. And now I can’t find it anywhere. Do you know what happened to it? M: Did you hear a crash earlier. That was it. I’m just as clumsy as ever.
题型
Medical
重点词汇短语
up-and-coming overcome obstacle finance the project under way brain-damaged 有前途的，崭露头角的 克服困难 为项目提供资金 开始进行 损坏大脑
Script & Analysis – Long Conversations / Passages
题型
Non-Medical
重点词汇短语
faucet out of order plumber
水龙头 有故障 管子工
Script & Analysis
15. M: I’m sorry to hear that John has lost some money in the lottery again. W: What he needs now is a change of luck.
Script & Analysis – Long Conversations / Passages
Script & Analysis – Long Conversations / Passages
2003年武汉大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2003年武汉大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Reading Comprehension 2. Structure and V ocabulary 3. Cloze 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. Chinese-English Translation 6. WritingReading ComprehensionWe are told that the mass media are the greatest organs for enlightenment that the world has yet seen; that in Britain, for instance, several million people see each issue of the current affairs program, Panorama. It is true that never in human history were so many people so often and so much exposed to many intimations about societies, forms of life, attitudes other than those which obtain in their local societies. This kind of exposure may well be a point of departure for acquiring certain important intellectual and imaginative qualities; width of judgment, a sense of the variety of possible attitudes. Yet in itself such exposure does not bring intellectual or imaginative development. It is no more than the masses of stone which lie around in a quarry(采石场)and which may, conceivably, go to the making of a cathedral. The mass media cannot build the cathedral, and their way of showing the stones does not always prompt others to build. For the stones are presented within a sell-contained and self-sufficient world in which, it is implied, simply to look at them, to observe-fleetingly-individually interesting points of difference between them, is sufficient in itself. Life is indeed full of problems on which we have to —or feel we should try to —make decisions, as citizens or as private individuals. But neither the real difficulty of these decisions, nor their true and disturbing challenge to each individual, can often be communicated through the mass media. The distinction to suggest real choice, individual decision, which is to be found in the mass media, is not simply the product of a commercial desire to keep the customers happy. It is within the grain of mass communication. The organs of Establishment(代表官方), however well-intentioned they may be and whatever their form(the State, the Church, voluntary societies, political parties), have a vested interest(既得利益)in ensuring that the public boat is not violently rocked, and will so affect those who work within the mass media that they will be led insensibly towards forms of production which, though they go through the motions of dispute and inquiry, do not break through the skin to where such inquiries might really hurt. They will tend to move, when exposing problems, well within the accepted cliche-assumptions of democratic society and will tend neither radically to question these cliches nor to make a disturbing application of them to features of contemporary life. They will stress the “stimulation” the programs give, but this soon becomes an agitation of problems for the sake of the interest of that agitation in itself; they will therefore, again, assist a form of acceptance of the status quo. There are exceptions to this tendency, but they are uncharacteristic.1．According to the passage, the mass media present us with______.A．insufficient diversity for informationB．too restricted a view of lifeC．a wide range of facts and opinionsD．a critical assessment of our society正确答案：C解析：本题可参照第一段的开头两句。
全国医学考博英语统考试题听力
全国医学考博英语统考试题听力听力题一：题目：How does the woman feel about her new job?听力材料：Woman: I really wonder what my new job is going to be like. I mean, I'm excited about it, but nervous too, you know? I mean, I've never worked in a place like this before.参考内容：The woman is excited but nervous about her new job. 听力题二：题目：What is the man's suggestion about the paper?听力材料：Man: You should probably add some more evidence to support your argument. Maybe you could include some statistics, or even an example or two.参考内容：The man suggests adding more evidence to the paper, such as statistics or examples.听力题三：题目：What does the woman say about the cake?听力材料：Woman: This cake is delicious! Is it a family recipe or something?参考内容：The woman thinks the cake is delicious and wonders if it is a family recipe.听力题四：题目：What will the woman probably do with the vase?听力材料：Man: I got this vase in China a few years ago. You can have it if you like. Woman: Oh, I don't know. It's really pretty, but I don't really have any use for it.参考内容：The woman thinks the vase is pretty but may not have any use for it.听力题五：题目：What does the man say about the essay?听力材料：Man: Your essay was very well-written. You could have expanded on some of your points a bit more, but overall, I thought it was great.参考内容：The man thinks the essay was well-written but suggests expanding on some points.听力题六：题目：What does the man imply about the woman's painting?听力材料：Woman: I don't know if I like this painting or not. Man: Well, it's definitely unique. I don't think I've ever seen anything quite like it before.参考内容：The man implies that the woman's painting is unique and unlike anything he has seen before.听力题七：题目：What does the woman say about her suitcase?听力材料：Woman: Excuse me, could you help me lift my suitcase into the overhead compartment? It's really heavy.参考内容：The woman asks for help lifting her heavy suitcase into the overhead compartment.听力题八：题目：What does the man say about the traffic?听力材料：Man: I don't think we're going to make it in time. The traffic is really bad today.参考内容：The man thinks they may be late because the traffic is bad.听力题九：题目：What does the woman think about the movie?听力材料：Man: So, did you like the movie? Woman: Yeah, I thought it was pretty good. Definitely not one of my favorites, but it was enjoyable.参考内容：The woman thinks the movie was pretty good but not one of her favorites.听力题十：题目：What does the man say about the weather?听力材料：Man: It's such a nice day today! I don't think we could have asked for better weather.参考内容：The man thinks it's a nice day and couldn't have asked for better weather.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
2003年全国统考医学考博英语真题part II31.Sometimes you can get quite _____ when you are trying tocommunicate with someone in English.A.frustrated失败的, 落空的B.depressed 沮丧的, 降低的C.approved被认可的D.distracted心烦意乱的32.The company has ____ itself to a policy of equal opportunity for all.A.promisedmitted commit oneself to委身于，专心致志于C.attributed attribute sth. to认为某事物是...的属性; 把某事物归功于; 认为某事物是(某人)创造的D.converted33.I haven’t met anyone ____ the new tax plan.A.in honor ofB.in search ofC.in place ofD.in favor of34.Salk won ____ as the scientist who developed the world’s first effective vaccine against polio.A.accomplishmenta girl of many accomplishments多才多艺的姑娘Among her accomplishments were sewing,cooking,playing the piano and dancing.她的才能包括缝纫、烹调、弹钢琴和跳舞。
B.qualification admission qualification入学资格physical qualifications身体条件C.eminence win [reach] eminence as an inventor成为卓越的发明家a man of eminence名人D.patent35.This software can be ____ to the needs of each customer.A.tailoredB.administratedC.entailed vt.使必需, 使蒙受, 使承担, 遗传给entail great expense on sb.使某人承担大笔费用entail ... on sb.使某人负担...把...遗留给某人D.accustomed be accustomed to习惯于accustom oneself to使自己习惯于; 养成...的习惯36.The average commercial business can shut down in such an emergemcy but a hospital doesn’t dare, for lives are____A.in circulation流通者;传播者B.under consideration在考虑之中C.on hand在手头, 即将发生, 在场;在手头, 在手边;现有D.at stake危如累卵, 危险37.As we need plain, ____food for the body, so we must have serious reading for the mind.A.wholesome卫生的, 有益的, 健康的, 有益健康的wholesome air新鲜空气a wholesome food有益健康的食品B.dietC.tastefulD.edible edible fat食用油脂38.He never gave much thought to the additional kilorams he had ____ lately.A.shown up揭露, 露出, 露面B.piled up 堆积, 积累, 搁浅, 撞毁C.put onD.taken on披上, 呈现, 具有, 雇用, 承担, 盛气凌人, 接纳, 流行39.The teacher tried hard to read ____ handwriting in her students’s test papers.A.irregularB.illiterateC.illegible难辨认的, 字迹模糊的illegal .违法的, 不合规定的D.irrational 无理性的, 失去理性的40.A coronary disease is the widely-used term____ insufficiency of blood supply to the heart.A.denoting指示, 表示quick pulse often denotes fever.脉搏跳得快常表示发烧。
B.donatingC.relatingD.resorting resort vi.求助, 诉诸, 采取(某种手段等), 常去n.凭借, 手段, 常去之地, 胜地resort to the seaside常去海滨resort to all kinds of methods采取一切办法I'm sorry you have resorted to deception.我很遗憾你竟用欺骗手段。
41.Humans are using up the world’s natural riches at an alarming rate. alarming.使人惊动的, 令人担忧的A.appalling 令人震惊的, 骇人听闻的B.appealing 吸引人的, 哀诉似的, 恳求似的C.alert提防的, 警惕的D.abnormal42.Dring water in many areas of the developing world is contaminated with bacteria.A.purifiedB.multiplied繁殖, 增加;乘multiply 8 by 4以4乘8Efficiency would be -lied several times.效率将提高好几倍。
C.taintedD.blended blend milk with water用水搀杂牛奶43.One of the most noticeable features of U.S society is the diversity of its people.A.libertyB.democracyC.varietyD.origin44.The controversy about abortion has been going on in the United States for more than twenty years.controversy.n.论争, 辩论, 论战the scientific controversy科学上的论争be in a controversy with sb. on sth.和某人就某事进行论战give rise to much controversy引起许多争论A.resentment n.怨恨, 愤恨B.consensus n.一致同意, 多数人的意见, 舆论C.notion n.概念, 观念, 想法, 意见, 打算, 主张, (复数)<美语>小饰物have a good notion of很懂得have a notion that...认为have no notion of不明白; 完全不懂;没有...的意思[想法]D.dispute without dispute无争论余地; 的确, 无疑out of dispute 无争论余地; 的确, 无疑in dispute在争论中; 尚未解决45.As human settlement advance ,the tropical forests are retreating and becoming smaller every year. retreat vi.撤退, 退却n.撤退, 退却glacial retreat【地质】冰川后退A.retrieving v.重新得到n.找回retrieve... from拯救 ...(免于), (从...)救出B.sprawling无计划地占用山林农田建造厂房(的)C.consuming 强烈的D.withdrawing46.The war’s impact on the population of the country was cat ast rophic.A.influentialB.dis ast rousC.apparentD.criticala critical decision重大的决定critical condition(病的)危险状态; 临界状态critical moment47.His physican told him that not to take much of the drug because it was very potent.potent remedy有效的药A.bitter bitter adj.苦的, 痛苦的, 怀恨的B.irritant irritantn.刺激物adj.刺激的C.effective 有效的, 被实施的, 给人深刻印象, 有生力量D.powerful powerful drug特效药48.Certain drugs can cause transient side effects ,such as sleepiness.A.permanentB.residual.剩余的, 残留的C.irreversible irreversible cycle不可逆循环irreversible deformation【力】不可回复的变形D.fleeting飞逝的；短暂的49.Nervous illness may stem from being treated inconsiderately in childhood.plain of 抱怨, 抗议B. give rise to引起, 使发生C.originate in originate from sth.由某事产生[引起]originate insth.由某事产生[引起]D.dominate over支配, 占优势50.Both a person’s heredity and his surroundings help to shape his chacter.A.formB.correctC.modifyD.improvePart III Cloze(10%)There were red faces at one of Britain’s biggest banks recently. They had accepted a telephone order to buy ＄100,000 worth of shares from a fifteen-old schoolboy (they thought he was twenty-one). The shares fell in value and the schoolboy was unable to 51 . The bank lost ＄20,000 on the 52 that it cannot get back because ,for one thing, this young speculator does not have the money and , for another, 53under eighteen, he is not legally liable for his debts. If the shares had risen in value by the same amount that they fell, he would have pocketed ＄20,000 54 . Not bad for a fifteen-yeat-old. It certainly is better than 55 the morning newspaper. In another recent case, a boy of fourteen found , in his grandfather’s house , a suitcase full of foreign banknotes .The clean, crisp banknotes looked very 56but they were now not used in their country of origin or anywhere else. This young boy57 straight to the nearest bank with his pockets filled with notes. The cashers did not realize that the country in 58 had reduced the valueof its currincy by 90%, they exchanged the notes at their face value at the current exchange rate.In three days, before he was found out, he took ＄20,000 from nine different banks. 59,he had already spend more than half of this on taxi-rides, restraurant meal , concert tickets and presents for his many new girlfriends( at least he was generous! ) before the police caught up with him. Because he is also under eighteen the bank shave骗取60 a lot of money, and several cashiers have lost jobs.51.A.pay off v.还清(债务等)付清, 报复, 赢利B.pay up v全部付清C.pay for偿还, 赔偿D.pay out.付出, 报复52.A.principle法则, 原则, 原理 B.criterionC.customD.deal53.A.to be B.having been C.beingD.is54.A.profit B.advantage C.benefitmission55.A.sending B.transmitting发射，传输 C.deliveringD.dispatching (迅速地)派遣; 派出; (火速)发送(信件, 公文等)56.A.convincing B.valuable C.unusual D.priceless无价的, 极贵重的57.A.came B.pull C.headed head to向...(方向)前进D.pushed58.A.problem B.question C.talk D.saying59.A.Interestingly B.Unfortunately C.ParticularlyD.Amazingly60.A.kissed goodbye to失掉; 遭受损失 B. got rid of C.lived up to.实践, 做到 D.made forPart IV(30%)Passage 1In a society where all aspects of our lives are dictated by scientific advances in technology, science is the essence of our existence.Without the vast advances made by chemists ,physicists, biologist , geologist, and other diligent scientists, our standards of living would decline, our flourishing.繁茂的, 繁荣的, 欣欣向荣的, wealthy nation might come to an economic depression, and our people would suffer from disease that could not be cured. As a society we ignorantly take advantage of the amenities令人愉快之事物provided by science, yet our lives would be altered interminably无止境的without them.Health care, one of the aspects of our society that separates us from our archaic ancestors, is founded exclusively全部地on scientific discoveries and advances. Without the caccines created by doctors, disease such as polio小儿麻痹症,, measles麻疹,hepatitis, and the flu would pose a threat to 成为…的威胁our citizens,for although some of these disease may not be deadly,their side effects can be a vast detriment to an individual affected with the disease.In addition , science has developed perhaps the most awe-inspiring.使人畏惧的, vital invention in the history of the world, the computer. Without the presence of this machine,our world could exist, but the convenience brought into life by the computer are unparalleled.Despite the greatness of present-day innovators and scientists and their revelations新发现,it is requisite to examine the amenities of science that our culture so blatantly disregards明显的忽视. For instance,the light bulb电灯泡,electricity,the telephone, running water, and the automobile are present-day staples主要产品of our society;however,they were not present until scientists discovered them.Because of the contribution of scientist, our world is ever metamorphosing变形, 变质, 使变成,and this metamorphosis economically and personally comprise our society, whether our society is cognizant of认识到this or not.61．In the first paragraph the author implies that we____A.would not survive without scienceB.take the amenities of science for grantedC.could have raised the standards of living with scienceD.would be free of disease because of scientific advances62. The author uses health care and vaccines to illustrate ____A.how science has been developedB.what science means to societyC.what the nature of science isD.how disease affects society63. Nothing , according to the author ,can match the invetion of the cumputer in term of ____in term of从...方面; 从...角度来讲; 以...为单位; 关于, 在...方面, 就...来说A.powerB.noveltyC.benefitsplexity64. The author seems to be unhappy about ____A.people’s ingnorance of their cultureB.people’s ingnoring the amenities of scienceC. people’s making no contributions to societyD. people’s misunderstanding of scientific advance.65.The author’s tone in the passage is ____A.critiealB.cognizantC.appreciativeD.paradoxical荒谬的a paradoxical speech自相矛盾的演说passage 2Biotechnology生物工艺学is expected to bring important advances in medical diagnosis and therpy ,in solving food problems, in energy saving能源节省, in environmentally compatible be compatible with与...相适应，不矛盾industrial and agricultural production, and in specially targeted environmental protection projects环境保护计划.Genetically altered microorganisms can break down制服a wide range of pollutions by being used , for example, in bio-filters生物过滤器, 细菌过滤器and wastewater-treatment facilities, and in the clean-up of polluted sites. Genetically altered modified organisms can also alleviate environmental burdens by reducing the need for pestcides, fertilizers, and medications.Sustainability, as a strategic aim, involves optimizing the interactions between nature, society, and the economy, in according with与...一致, 与...契合(指见解, 观点等) ecological criteria .Political leader and scientist alike face the challenge of recognizing承认interrelationships and interactions between ecological, economic, and social factors and taking account of these factors when seeking solution strategies. To meet this challenge,decision-makers决策者require interdisciplinary approches and strategies that cut across超出...的界线political lines. Environmental discussion must become more objective, and thisincludes, especially, debates about the risks or new technologies , which are often ideologically意识形态的charged. In light of按照，根据，考虑到…the complex issue involved in sustainable development ,we need clearer standards for orienting and assessing our environmental policy.Sustainable development can succeed only if all areas of the political sector, of society ,and of science accept the concept and work together to implement it.A common basic understanding of environmental ethics is needed to ensure that protection of the natural foundation of life becomes a major consideration in all political and individual action. A dialogue among representatives of all sectors of society is needed if appropriate environmental policies are to be divised and implemented.66. Biotechology ____A.can help save enery and integrate industry and agricultureB.can rid humans of disease and solve food problemsC.can treat pollution and protect environmentD .all of the above67.Wastewater can be treated ____A.in genetic engineeringB.by means of biotechologyC.in agriculture as well as industrialD.without the need for breaking down pollutants68.When he says approaches and strategies that cut across political lines,the author means that they ____A.involve ecomic issuesB.observe ecological criteriaC.are politically significantD.overcome political barriers69. It can be inferred from the passage that the complexity of sustainable development ____A.makes it necessary to improve the assessing standardsB.renders enviromental discussion possibleC.charges new technology risksD.requires simplification70.The success of sustainable development lies in ____A.its concept to beB.good social teamworkC.appropriate environmental policiesD.the representatives of all sectors of societypassage 3people from around the world flock to the United States expecting to find a better life.But to scientists surprise,a growing body of evidence indicates that increasing familiarity with U.Sculture and society renders给予补偿immigrants and their children for more susceptible to many mental and physical ailments, even if they attain financial success.The latest study of this phenomenon,directed by epidemiologist William A.Vega of the University of Texas, San Antonio, finds much higher rates of major depression,substance abuse, and other mental disorders in U.S-born Mexican-Americans compared with both recent and long-standing Mexican-Americans.This pattern held有效regardless of education of income levels.Vega’s results appear at the same time as the release of a national report on declining physical and mental health in childrin of immigrant families.A panel convened 召集, 集合by the national research council理事会and the institute学会of medicine,both in Washingto,D.C.,reviewed previous studies and concluded that assimilation into a U.S.lifestyle may undermine the overall全部的, 全面的health of immigrant children much more than being poor does.In contrast,studies of nonimmigrant U.S. residents usually link poverty to poor physical and mental health.“The material on immigranthealth shocked me when we first reviewed it”,says panel member Arthus M.Kleinman,a psychiatrist at Harvard Medical School in Boston. “Vega’s study is consistentwith和…一致the panel’s conclusion that immigrants’health deteriorate with assimilation to U.S. society, declining 使…下降toward general US. norms,”says Kleinman. Other studies have indicated that citizens of many countries ,including Mexico, are healthier overall than US citizen.Vega’s team interviewed采访3012 adults of Mexican origin, ages 18-59 ,living in Fresno County,Calif. Of that number,1810 people identified themselves as immigrants. Interviews were in English or Spanish.Interviewers expressed an interesting in health issues only and tried to minimize any tendency of participants to lie---due to US residency concerns--- about having immigranted.Nearly one-half of US-born Mexican-Americans had suffered from at least one of 12 psychiatric disorders at some time in their lives,compared with only one-quarter of immigrants. Common mental conditions in US-born individiuals included major depression成年抑郁症,phobias恐怖症and other anxiety disorders,and substance abuse and dependece.Prevalence rates for mental disorders were lowest for those who had immigrated within the past 13 years.The high rates found among immigrants of 13 or more years still fell considerably below those for the native-born group.71.Vega’s group was surprised to find worse physical and mentalhealth in ____A.both recent and long-standing Mexican-American immigrantsB.the immigrants who received fewer years of educationC.the financially disadvantaged immigrants贫穷的移民-born Mexican-American72.The scientists found that the immigrants’ declining physical and mental health is linked to ____A.being reluctant to assimilate into the US lifestyleB.blending with US culture and societyC.working hard for a better lifeD.being poor73. Vega and Kleinman____A.are divided over the phenomenon be divided on sth在…上有分歧B.ascribe the phenomenon to racial discriminationC.puzzle over the phenomenonD.seem to see eye to eye on the phenomenon74. Vega’s team interviewed the immigrants____A.for their US residency concernsB.for their identificationsC.for theis health issuesD.all of above75. Which of the following groups is least susceptible to mental disorders?A.The US-born Mexican-AmericansB.The immigrants of 13 or more yearsC. The immigrants of financial successD. The immigrants of less than13Passage 4Rain is not what it used to be. A new study reveals that much of the precipitation(雨、雪等的)降落; 降水[雨](量) in Europe contains such high levels of dissolved pesticides that it would be illegal to supply it as drinking water.“Studies in Switzerland have found that rain is laced with混有toxic levels of atrazine除草剂, regularly exceeded in rain”,says Stephan Muller, a chemist at the Wwiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technlgy in Dubendorf.The chemicals appear to似乎have evaporated from fields and become part of the clouds.Both the Europe Union and Switzerland have set a limit of 100 nanograms for any particular pesticide of driking warter. But ,especially in the first minutes of a heavy storm,rain can contain much more than that.In a study to be published by Muller and his collegue Thomas Bucheli in Anslytical Chemistry this summer,one sample ofrainwater contained almost 4000 nanograms per liter of 2,4- dinitrophinol, a widely used pesticide.Previously,the author had shown that in rain sample taken from 41 storms ,nine contained more than 100 nanograms of atrazine per liter,one of them around 900 nanograms.In the latest study,the highest concentrations of pesticides turned up in the first rain after a ling dry spell,particalarly when local fields had recently been sprayed,Until now , scientist had assumed that the pesticides only infiltrated groundwater directly from fields. Muller warns that the growing practice of using rainwater that falls onto roofs to recharge再装填underground water may be adding to be danger.This water often contains dissolved herbicide s that had been added to roofing materials, such as bitumen sheets,to prevent vegetation growing.He suggests that the first flush of rain should be diverted into sewers to minimize the pollution of drinking water,which is not usuaslly treated to remove these herbicides and pesticides.76.According to the Swedish scientist ,the pestcides in rain ____A.exceed those in crop spraysB.can be traced back to crop spraysC.are not as toxic as they used to beD.are nothing but atrazine and alachlor77. Muller and Bucheli found that 2,4-dinitrophenol____A.is widely used in agricultureB.exceeded atrazine in the rain sample waterC.can be measured in the units of nanogramsD.was far in excess of limit in drinking water78.Scientists used to hypothesize that ____A.groundwater was sage for drinking waterB.herbicides and pesticides were harmlessC.pesticides containated groundwater of drinking waterD.rain would minimize the pollution of drinking water79.Muller warns us not ____A.not tap groundwarter for drinking waterB.to use such roofing materials as bitumen sheetsC.to let the first flush of rain recharge underground waterD.to divert the flush of rain into sewers without removing its herbicides and pesticides80.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A.Drinking waterB.Rainwater and underground waterC.Agriculture and pesticidesD.Falling pesticidesPassage 5Folk wisdom holds that the blind can hear better than people with sight.Scientists have a new reason to believe it.Reasearch now indicates that blind and sighted people display the same skill at locating a sound’s origin when using both ears ,but some blind people can home in on sounds more accurately than their sighted counterparts when all have one ear blocked.Canadian scientists described the work in the Sept.17 NATUR.Participants in the study were tested individually in a sound-insulated绝缘的; 隔热的room.They faced 16 small,concealed loudspeakers arrayed in a semicircle a few feet away.With a headrest keeping their head steady,the participants pointed to the perceived origins of the sounds.The rearchers tested eight blind people,who had been completely sightless from birth of since a very early age.They also tested three nearly blind persons,who had some residual vision at the periphery外围of their gaze;seven sighted people wearing blindfolds;and 29 sighted people without blindfolds.All participants were tested beforehand to ensure that their hearing was normal. When restricted to one-ear,or monaural,listening,four of the eight blind people identified sound sources more accurately than did the sighted people,says study co-author合著者Michel Pare,a neuroscientist at the University of Montreal.The sighted peopleshowed especially poor localization of sounds from the speakers on the side of the blocked ear.In sighted people who can hear with both ears,“the brain learns to rely on binaural(stereo)cues.These data suggest that blind people haven’t learned that and Keep monaural cues as the dominant cues,”says Eric I.Knudsen,a neurobiologist at Stanford University School Medicine ,“I find it surpring.”81. one thing is sure that participants in the study ____A.had normal hearingB.were born blindC.wore blind foldsD.were divided into 2 groups82.Under what conditions, according to Pare,did the blind testees perform better than their sighted counterparts?A.when both used one earB.when the speakers were concealedC.when the sounds were turned downD.when both were restricted to blindfolds83.Knudsen explained the better hearing on the part of 就…来说the blind in terms of ____A.cognitive psychologyB.visual imagesC.binaural cuesD.monaural cues84.The Canadian scientists did their test to answer the question whether ____A.the blind can hears as well as the sightedB.the blind have hearing capabilitiesC.blind people track sounds betterD.folk wisdom is educational85.What Folk wisdom holds in the passage____A.was scientifically tested in Canada and US,with different results producedB.has been scientifically verifedC.merits further investigationD.is surprising to everyonepassage 6“I got cancer in my prostrate.”Detective Andy Sipowicz of the fictional 15th Precinct,a stoic,big bear of a man ,is clearly in a world of极大的pain in a 1998 episode of NYPD Blue.The story line故事情节deals not only with cancer but also with medical screw-ups一团糟,hospital indignities轻蔑,and physician arrogance.The malapropism用词错误(Andy,of course,meant “prostate”) is about the only medical detail the show got wrong-and it was deliberate,inkeeping with与…一致Sipowicz’s coarse粗糙的but tenderhearted character.Television,which can still depict描写death as an event akin类似的to fainting,is beginning to try harder to get its health information right.And a handful of 一把foundations基金会and consultants咨询者are working to get the attention of writers,producers ,and assorted各种的Hollywood moguls险要人物,trying to convince them that,in the area of medicine,the truth is as compelling 引人注目的as fiction.The stakes are high.Surveys show how surprising number of Americans get much of their basic health information not from their doctors,not even from newspapers of news magazines,but from entertainment television.A survey by the federal Centers for Disease and Prevention found that among people who watch soap operas about disease and its prevention from the daytime serials.Some 7 percent actually visited a doctor because of something they viewed.Certain television shows are naturals for health education. The Clinton Adminstation has been quick so recognize the potency力量of the entertainment media as a health promoter. Secretary 国务卿Donna Shalala,whose Department of Health and Human Services educates the public through traditional brochures小册子and public service Announcements,has offered TV writers the sources of herdepartment to help them ensure accuracy.“Entertainment television reaches the hearts and minds of millions of Americans,”she told US News.“In recent years,I have challenged表示置疑television talk-show hosts,writers and producers----as professionals,parents and citizens---to use this incredible power to help Americans get accurate public health information.”86. The story line “I got cancer in my prostrate”’s intented to achieve a(n ) ____ effectA.amusingB.seriousC.puzzlingD.saddening87.The word malapropism in the first paragraph can be defined as ____A.an improper scene in a showB.a significant detail of a storyC.a wrong use of a wordD.an interesting plot88. we can infer from the passage that ____ show must take into consideration the public health consequencesB.viewers of TV shows can distinguish between fiction and truthC.the TV staff are conscientiously responsible for the quality of their showsD.entertainment can be pursued at the cost of accuracy89. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? shows are often misleading in medical details’s role as a health promoter is already recognizedC.Official support is available for TV’s efforts to be scientific and accurateD.Entertainment is justified in making up absurd stories90.The autor would be in favor of ____A.absurd but entertaining TV showsB.mixing medicine and entertainmentC.medical documentaries on TVD.a divorce between science and entertainment2003年博士英语考试作文参考答案Health begins with breakfastMost people ignore breakfast and skip it. In fact breakfast is of great importance to guarantee our heath and improve the efficiency of our work and study. So we should have it scientifically.Breakfast for young children. Small children need adequate protein and calcium, so it is good for them to have measurable milk, egg, and bread for breakfast. They should avoid eating food that is high in sugar in case of decayed teeth and fatness.Breakfast for teenagers. As adolescence is a vital period of growth, calcium, vitamin C and vitamin A are necessary for adolescents. Furthermore they should be provided with sufficient calories for their mental and physical activities。