翻译3

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汉英翻译第三部份

汉英翻译第三部份

第三部份汉译英的标准与可译度相关参考:语言之间的辞汇空缺现象是一种普遍存在而又给翻译造成很多困难的现象,能够归纳为:一、由于生活环境、体会的不同而引发的辞汇空缺”;二、由于风俗适应的不同而引发的辞汇空缺;三、由于宗教信仰的不同而引发的辞汇空缺;四、由于对客观世界熟悉的不同而引发的辞汇空缺;五、由于语言或非语言方面的缘故此引发的辞汇空缺。

辩证唯物主义以为,语言常常是客观世界的反映,是一种社会现象。

人们生活、劳动在一种什么样的环境里,就会产生出什么样的语言。

若是某一事物在人们所生活的客观环境里不存在,那么语言中就可能显现空缺。

比如在英国,竹子不是一种土生土长的植物,因此,语言中就缺乏这方面的原始辞汇。

汉语中的“笋”字只能译成“bamboo-shoot”(意即“竹芽”),乃至连bamboo那个词也是从外来语接引过去的。

又比如“salad”(色拉)这种凉拌蔬菜源于法国,英国人最先没有这道菜,语言中也不存在那个词,只好从法语中原封不动地移过来。

第二由于风俗适应的不同,不同语言之间可能显现相对的辞汇空缺现象。

中国人把生小孩、娶媳妇、贺生日称为“红喜”,把死人的事称为“白喜”,语言中也有“红白喜事”的表示法。

关于没有接触过中国文化或佛教文化的欧美人来讲,把死人也当做一大“喜事”,令人大惑不解。

欧美人多信基督教,以为世界是上帝制造的,世上一切也都按上帝的旨意安排。

而在传统中,中国人心目中只有“开天辟地”的盘古和“主宰自然界”的天老爷。

“上帝”(God, Dieu, Gott)和“天老爷”所代表的东西不相同,含义也不一样。

专门是“上帝”那个概念,它具有较浓的基督色彩,是欧美文化的个性,尽管咱们能够把英语的“My God!”译成“天哪!”把法语的“Dieu soit loue”译成“谢天谢地”,但反过来把汉语的“天”译成“God”或“Dieu”,有时就不很适合。

翻译古典文献时尤其如此。

再如,汉语和英语中都有“龙”的字眼,但“龙”在英语文化中是没有“地位”的爬行动物,是恐怖的恶的象征,在汉语中那么恰恰相反。

翻译3_长句的翻译

翻译3_长句的翻译

• 2) In pursuance of this aim the author has considered it desirable to quote extensively from the works of the mathematicians of past days, for in that way alone can a just appraisal of the great difficulties under which they laboured be made. • 参考译文:为此目的,作者认为不妨从 参考译文:为此目的, 过去的数学家的著作中大量摘引。 过去的数学家的著作中大量摘引。唯有 如此, 如此,才能对他们所经历的巨大困难做 出正确的评价。 出正确的评价。
• 参考译文:虽然中性物体本身是不带电的, 参考译文:虽然中性物体本身是不带电的, 但对于带电体来说,它并非中性; 但对于带电体来说,它并非中性;当这两 个物体彼此接近时, 个物体彼此接近时,就会产生极性相反的 电荷的作用。 电荷的作用。这就是中性物体被带电体吸 引的原因。 引的原因。
• The resistance of any length of a conducting wire is easily measured by finding the potential difference in volts between its ends when a known current is flowing. • 参考译文:已知导线中的电流,只要 参考译文:已知导线中的电流, 求出导线两端电位差的伏特数,就不 求出导线两端电位差的伏特数, 难测出任何长度的导线的电阻。 难测出任何长度的导线的电阻。
参考译文
长句拆译方法3: 长句拆译方法 :逆序法 由于英语惯用前置性陈述, 由于英语惯用前置性陈述,先果后 而汉语相反,一般先因后果, 因;而汉语相反,一般先因后果, 层层递进,最后综合,点出主题。 层层递进,最后综合,点出主题。 由此遇到此类句子, 由此遇到此类句子,应当先译全句 的后部,再依次向前,拟序译出。 的后部,再依次向前,拟序译出。

翻译方法3

翻译方法3

译文
1. 为热烈欢迎专家,准备工作 工作已经做好。 工作 2. 在我们的合同中还存在着种种 种种尖锐的 种种 问题。 3. 最近,美国人一直不断地 一直不断地从城市向郊 一直不断地 区迁移。 4. 他的傲慢态度 态度使谁也不喜欢他。 态度
5. 他们谈到通货膨胀、失业、环境污染 等问题。 等问题 6. 这样,他在身心两方面 两方面都成长起来了。 两方面 7. 他两手蒙着脸,一屁股 一屁股坐了下去。 一屁股 8. 他吃点东西 东西,喝点酒,因为他疲惫不 东西 酒 堪了。
9. 直到今天母亲还坚持说, 她当时 当时以为 当时 我只是开开玩笑罢了。 10. 斯蒂芬看起来比他实际的年龄要老一 些,因为他曾经历过很艰苦的生活。 曾 过 11. 这也纯粹是一派胡言。 派 12. 你最好在下午以前瞧一下我的上衣, 下 看是否要熨一下。
(2)根据句法上的需要进行增 词
1. 增补原文回答句中的省略部分 Rebecca: “What! Don’t you love him?” Amelia: “Yes, of course, I do.” 丽贝卡:“怎么?你不爱他?” 艾米丽:“我当然爱他 爱他。” 爱他
2. 增补原文中省略的动词 Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man. 读书使人充实,讨论使人 使人机智,写作使人 使人准确。 使人 使人 We don’t retreat. We never have and never will. 我们不后退,我们从没有后退过 后退过,将来也绝不 后退过 后退。 后退
翻译常用技巧
1.增词法
增词法就是在翻译时按意义上、修辞上 和句法上的需要增加一些词来更忠实通 顺地表达原文的思想内容。

3的英文翻译

3的英文翻译

3的英文翻译学一学3的英文,让我们的从3开始向英语攀爬。

下面是店铺给大家整理的3的英文翻译,供大家参阅!3的英文翻译three英[θri:] 美[θri]复数: threes30条常用英语句子1. 不要跟那个卑鄙的家伙往来。

Don’t keep company with such a mean fellow.2. 他们一家人总是早睡早起。

The members of his family all keep early hours.3. 我的表走得准。

My watch keeps good time.4. 勿踏草地。

Keep off the grass.5. 我要永远遵守诺言。

I will always keep my promise.6. 我们必须跟上时代。

We should keep pace with the times.7. 我们要跟上形势。

We should keep up with the situation.8. 我们经常打桥牌消磨时间。

We always kill time by playing bridge.9. 他是一个能见机行事的人。

He is a man who knows the time of day.10. 我告诫过他,但他一笑了之。

I gave him an advice, but he laughed it off.11. 他患流感,卧床不起。

He is laid up with influenza.12. 我最不喜欢那个。

I like that least of all.13. 别管他。

Leave him alone.14. 我决心让它听天由命。

I have made up my mind to leave it to chance.15. 别管,谁他去。

Let him go.16. 当她看见他时常常面露喜色。

Her face always lights up when she sees him.17. 我倾听他们谈话。

翻译技巧3--词序调整法-分译和译--被动语态翻译

翻译技巧3--词序调整法-分译和译--被动语态翻译

Exercise 1. He treats his sick wife poorly. 他待他有病的妻子不好。 2. Appearances are deceptive. 3.His refusal is not final. 外貌是靠不住的。
他的拒绝并非不可改变。
翻译技巧3: 翻译技ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ :词序的调整
英汉两种语言中主要成分的语序大体一致, 皆遵循“主语+谓语+宾语(或表语)的规则。 但由于表达习惯和排列规则上存在种种差异, 两种语言在词序方面还有许多不同之处,这 就要求在英汉翻译中对词序加以必要的调整 或改变,以便使译文更加通顺、自然。下面 着重探讨英汉翻译中需要调整词序的几种情 况:定语、壮语、插入语、倒装结构、平行 成分。
并列成分的词序调整 英语中并列成分的词序一般按照逻辑上的轻重、前后、 因果或部分-整体的顺序安排,而汉语通常将较大、较 强、较突出的成分前置。
elementary and secondary schools 中小学 heal the wounded and rescue the dying 救死扶伤 food, clothing, shelter and transportation 衣食住行
I have read your articles, but I expect to meet an older man. 我读过你的文章,但没料想你这样年轻。
1、肯定译作否定 I regret to learn that you have failed in the examination. 得知你未能通过考试,深表遗憾。 She missed the point of his joke. 她没有听懂他讲的笑话。 On Sunday Jim idles away his time. 星期天吉姆无所事事。 You may safely say so. 你这样说错不了。

英语四级必考翻译(3)

英语四级必考翻译(3)

英语四级备考Trandlation7、故宫(the Forbidden City)雄伟、壮丽,是中国古建筑艺术的巅峰之作,其规模和独具特色的风格享誉世界。

故宫内保存着大量珍贵、稀有的古物,它们对研究明、清两代历史和历史艺术具有十分重要的意义。

1925年故宫改名为故宫博物馆,并成为世界上最大的博物馆之一。

新中国成立后,人民政府投入了大量资金对故宫进行保护和维修。

它现在是北京最受欢迎的旅游景点之一。

The Forbidden City , grand and magnificent , represents the highest peak of ancient Chinese architecture and enjoys worldwide fame for its scale and unique style .Preserved here are a large number of rare and precious antiques , which are of great significance to the study of Ming and Qing history and the arts of past dynasties . In 1925 ,the Forbidden City was renamed Palace Museum and became one of the largest museums in the world . Since the founfing of the People’s Republic of China , the national government has spent large sums on the protection and maintenance of the Forbidden City . At present it is one of the most popular tourism sites in Beijing .8、端午节,又称龙舟节和重五(Double Fifth),是一个源于中国的传统节日。

句子翻译(3)

句子翻译(3)

Exercises: 1) The world today is far from peaceful. 今天的世界还很不安宁。 2) The evidence is conclusive, excluding all possibilities of doubt. 证据确凿,毋庸置疑。 3) Mr. White has refrained from making any official comment on the coup in that country. 怀特先生并没有对该国的政变发表正式评论。 4) That served to strengthen instead of weaken our determination. 那件事没有削弱我们的决心,反倒增强了我们的决 心。
(5) can/could not + 比较级 1) I couldn’t feel better. 我觉得身体好极了。 2) I couldn’t agree with you more. 我太赞成你的看法了。
(6)其他 1) If that isn’t what I want! 我想要的就是这个呀! 2) He can’t see you quickly enough. 他很想尽快和你见面。
4) The pollution problem should be solved in good time. 污染问题应及时加以解决。 5) We were very much impressed by what she had said. 我们为她的言语深深打动。
(2) 译成汉语主动句 1) 保存原文主语 • This project should be finished as soon as possible. 这项工程应该尽早完成。 • This must be made clear to everybody. 这一点必须向大家讲明白。

英译汉3译文分析

英译汉3译文分析

如果通过“早逝”这个说法,人们想意味些什么, 如果通过“早逝”这个说法,人们想意味些什么, 那么,他们必定认为。。。 那么,他们必定认为。。。 人们有种提法――“不及时的死” 人们有种提法――“不及时的死”。。。 改译: 改译: 提起英年“早逝” 人们或有所指, 提起英年“早逝”,人们或有所指,他们定会相 信有些人死亡的时刻更为适宜。 信有些人死亡的时刻更为适宜。 提起英年“早逝” 人们或有所指, 提起英年“早逝”,人们或有所指,他们定会相 信有些死亡更合天意。 信有些死亡更合天意。
2.Death in old age is rarely called untimely---a untimely---a long life is thought to be a full one. “Death in old age”:古时候的死亡 age” Age [u] 常用于专有名词 the Stone Age (石 器时代) 器时代) Age [c] an advanced or old period life (老 (老 年) 因此, 应译为: 因此,death in old age 应译为:年老而终 译文: 译文: 年老而终(寿终正寝)极少称为“早逝”,长寿 年老而终(寿终正寝)极少称为“早逝” 即意味着生命之完整。 即意味着生命之完整。
6.Writers cannot bear the fact that poet John Keats died at 26, and only half playfully judge their own lives as failure when they pass that year. “and only half playfully judge their own lives as failure。。。” failure。。。”仅有半数的人(作家)开玩笑 说…… Half of +主语 Half adv. =partly,not completely partly, (他们)只是半真半假地戏言自己的一生…… (他们)只是半真半假地戏言自己的一生…… 译文1:作家们无法忍受这一事实:约翰· 译文1:作家们无法忍受这一事实:约翰·济慈二 十六岁就死了,于是就几乎半开玩笑地评判他们 自己的一生是个失败,这时,他们才刚刚过了这 一年。

翻译练习3

翻译练习3

1. It is harmful to people’s health to take in too much salt and sugar every day. 2. Turning off the lights before leaving proves (to be )an effective measures of saving electricity. 3. If a healthy person donates blood once a year, it won’t do any harm to his health. 4. Encouraged by his teacher, he decided to leave his hometown and follow a music career. 5. After a storm, they found themselves faced with a serious flood.
Sep. 20
1. 必须采取一切可能的措施以确保世博会顺 必须采取一切可能的措施 确保世博会顺 采取一切可能的措施以 利进行。(ensure) 利进行。 2. 因为有着强烈的求生欲望,她在这次空难 因为有着强烈的求生欲望 强烈的求生欲望, 中幸存了下来。 中幸存了下来。(due) 3. 她下定决心不惜任何代价不让父母失望。 她下定决心不惜任何代价 不惜任何代价不 父母失望 失望。 (determined) 4. 每个人都应该关心自己国家的前途。 每个人都应该关心自己国家的前途。 关心自己国家的前途 (concern) 5. 我会呆在宾馆,以防有电话。( case) 我会呆在宾馆,以防有电话。( 。(in )
• 1. Washing hands often can avoid being infected with diseases. • 2. As long as we don’t lose heart, we will eventually overcome the temporary difficulty. • 3. Developing a hobby does good to physical and mental health. • 4. Who is the monitor going to have write an article for the wall newspaper? • 5. Every consumer should know how to protect his own legal right.

文言文翻译(3)

文言文翻译(3)

(1)其叔父数言之于嵩。 其叔父数言之于嵩。 言之于嵩
译文:太祖的叔父多次向曹嵩提及这件事情。 译文:太祖的叔父多次向曹嵩提及这件事情。
口貌如故 (2)太祖口貌如故。 太祖口貌如故。
译文:太祖口眼容貌像原来一样。 译文:太祖口眼容貌像原来一样。
(3)但失爱于叔父,故见罔耳诚然,卿不朕欺。 不朕欺。
译文:确实如此,你没欺骗我。 译文:确实如此,你没欺骗我。
(2)间问群臣臧否,濂惟举其善者对。 问群臣臧否,濂惟举其善者对。 臧否
译文:皇帝秘密地召见(宋濂) 译文:皇帝秘密地召见(宋濂)询问大臣 们的好坏,宋濂只举岀那些好的大臣回答。 们的好坏,宋濂只举岀那些好的大臣回答。
5、原文:太祖少机警有权 原文: 而任侠放荡,不治行业, 术.而任侠放荡,不治行业,故世人 未之奇也;惟梁国桥玄、 未之奇也;惟梁国桥玄、南阳何禺页 异焉。玄谓操日: 天下将乱。 异焉。玄谓操日:“天下将乱。非命 世之才不能济也,能安之者, 世之才不能济也,能安之者,其在君 乎?”
(1)故世人未之奇也。 故世人未之奇也 未之奇
1、原文:太祖少好飞鹰走狗,游 原文:太祖少好飞鹰走狗, 荡无度,其叔父数言之于嵩。 荡无度,其叔父数言之于嵩。太祖患 后逢叔父于路,乃阳败面喎 之, 后逢叔父于路,乃阳败面喎口; 叔父怪而问其故,太祖曰: 叔父怪而问其故,太祖曰:“卒中恶 叔父以告嵩。 嵩惊愕,呼太祖, 风。”叔父以告嵩。 嵩惊愕,呼太祖, 太祖口貌如故。嵩问曰: 太祖口貌如故。嵩问曰:“叔父言汝 中风,已差乎? 太祖曰: 中风,已差乎?”太祖曰:“初 不中 但失爱于叔父,故见罔耳。 风,但失爱于叔父,故见罔耳。”嵩 乃疑焉。自后叔父有所告, 乃疑焉。自后叔父有所告,嵩终不复 信,太祖于是益得肆意矣 。

翻译技巧-3

翻译技巧-3

4. 转换为汉语的副词 (1) 形容词转换为副词 形容词所修饰的名词如果转译为动词则形容词要相应转译为副词。如: 例 30:He whispere匆匆地跟母亲小声道别。 例 31:They can speak good English. 译文:他们英语讲得很好。 例 32:The electronic dictionary is a fairly recent development. 译文:电子词典是最近才发展起来的。 (2) 名词转换为副
译文:这台新机器的效率比旧的要高得多。 例 15:This room is 7 meters
long, 5 meters wide and 3 meters high. 译文:这房间的长度是 7 米,宽度是 5 米,高度是 3 米。 (3) 副词转换为名词 一些由名词派生的副词在翻译的过程中经常转译为名词,如: 例 16:The figure of deaths was officially announced two days later. 译文:两天后官方宣布了死亡的人数。 例 17:He is physically weak but mentally sound. 译文:他身体虽弱,但心智健全。 例 18:Leaders are emotionally and intellectually oriented to the future, not wedded to the past. 译文:领导者在感情上和理智上都是面向未来的,而不是沉溺于过去。 3.转换成汉语的形容词 (1) 名词转换为形容词 通常转译为形容词的名词,大多是由形容词词根派生的名词,如: 例 19:The security and warmth of this room are wonderful. 译文:这个房间既安全又暖和,非常好。 例 20:I found great difficulty in solving this problem. 译文:我发现这个问题很难解决。 例 21:We are fully aware of the necessity in introducing new schemes. 译文:我们清楚地认识到,引进新的机制是十分必要的。 例 22:The performance was quite a success. 译文:演出非常成功。 例 23:I recognized the absurdity of dealing with them through intermediaries. 译文:我认识到,通过中间人跟他们打交道是很愚蠢的。 有些情况下, 为了使译文自然通顺, 也可以灵活地把英语中其他名词转译为汉语的形容词。 例如: 例 24:They said my story was a yawn. 译文:他们说我讲的故事很乏味。 例 25:He is a perfect stranger in the city. 译文:他对这座城市完全陌生。 例 26:That fellow is a typical fool. 译文:那个家伙笨得出奇。 (2) 副词转换为形容词 在翻译的过程中, 若副词所修饰的动词或形容词转译成名词, 则相应的副词也就要转译成形容词, 如: 例 27:I was deeply impressed by their hospitality. 译文:他们的热情好客给我留下了深刻的印象。 动词 “impress”转译为汉语中的名词“印象”时, 修饰“impress”的副词“deeply”也就相应 转译成汉语的形容词“深刻的”。类似的例子还有: 例 28:The flood was closely related to the heavy rain in the upper reaches of the river. 译文:洪水与河流上游的大雨有密切的关系。 例 29:It is demonstrated that gases are perfectly elastic. 译文:已经证实,气体具有理想的弹性。

中英文翻译 (3)

中英文翻译 (3)

英文翻译原文:(一)BORING AND BORING MACHINESAs carried out on a lathe, boring produces circular internal profiles in hollow work-pieces or on a hole made by drilling or another process, Boring is done with cutting tools that are similar to those used in turning. Because the boring bar has to reach the full length of the bore, tool deflection and, therefore, maintainance of dimensional accuracy can be a significant problem.The boring bar must be sufficiently stiff—that is, made of a material with high elastic modulus, such as tungsten carbide –to minimize deflection and avoid vibration and chatter. Boring bars have been designed with capabilities for damping vibration.Although boring operations on relatively small work-pieces. Can be carried out on a lathe, boring mills are used for large work-pieces. These machines are either vertical or horizontal, and are capable of performing operations such as turning, facing, grooving, and chamfering. A vertical boring machine is similar to a lathe but has a vertical axis of work-piece rotation.The cutting tool (usually a single point made of M-2 and M-3 high-speed steel and C-7 and C-8 carbide) is mounted on the tool head, which is capable of vertical movement (for boring and turning) and radial movement (for facing), guided by the cross-rail. The head can be swiveled to produce conical (tapered) surfaces.In horizontal boring machine, the work-piece is mounted on a table that can move horizontally in both the axial and radial directions. The cutting tool is mounted on a spindle that rotates in the headstock, which is capable of both vertical and longitudinal movements. Drills, reamer, taps, and milling cutters can also be mounted on the machine spindle.Boring machine are available with a variety of features. Although work-piece diameters are generally 1 m-4 m(3ft-12ft),work-piece as large as 20 m(60ft) can be machined in some vertical boring machines. Machine capacities range up to 150 kw (200hp).these machines are also available with computer numerical controls, which allow all movements to be programmed. With such controls, little operaror involvement is required and consistency and productivity are improved. Cutting speeds and feeds for boring are similar to those for turning.(For capabilities of boring operations)Jig borers are vertical boring machines with high –precision bearings. Although they are available in various sizes and used in tool rooms for making jigs and fixtures,they are now being replaced by more versatile numerical control machines.Design considerations for boring. Guidelines for efficient and economical boring operations are similar to those for turning. Additionally, the following factors should be considered:a.Whenever possible, through holes rather than blind holes should bespecified.(The term blind hole refers to a hole that does not go thoughthe thickness of the work-piece )b.The greater the length –to –bore-diameter ratio, the more difficult it is tohold dimensions because of the deflections of the boring bar due tocutting forces.c.Interrupted internal surfaces should be avoided.(2)Fundamentals of Machine Tools In many cases products form the primary forming processes must undergo further refinements in size and surface finish to meet their design specifications. To meet such precise tolerances the removal of small amounts of material is needed. Usually machine tools are used for such operation.In the United States material removal is a big business-in excess of $ per year, including material, labor, overhead, and machine-tool shipments, is spent. Since 60 percent of the mechanical and industrial engineering and technology graduates have something connection with the machining industry either through sale, design, or operation of machine shops, or working in related industry, it is wise for an engineering student to devote some time in his curriculum to studying material removal and machine tools.A machine tool provides the means for cutting tools to shape a workpiece to required dimensions; the machine supports the tool and the workpiece in a controlled relationship through the functioning of its basic members, which are as follow:(a) Bed, Structure or Frame. This is the main member which provides a basis for, and a connection between, the spindles and slides; the distortion and vibration under load must be kept to a minimum.(b) Slides and Sideways. The translation of a machine element (e.g. the slide) is normally achieved by straight-line motion under the constraint of accurate guiding surfaces (the slideway).(c) Spindles and Bearings. Angular displacements take place about an axis of rotation; the position of this axis must be constant within extremely fine limits in machine tools, and is ensured by the provision of precision spindles and bearings.(d) Power Unit. The electric motor is the universally adopted power unit for machine tools. By suitably positioning individual motors, belt and gear transmissions are reduced to a minimum.(e) Transmission Linkage. Linkage is the general term used to denote the mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic or electric mechanisms which connect angular andlinear displacements in defined relationship.There are two broad divisions of machining operations:(a) Roughing, for which the metal removal rate, and consequently the cutting force, is high ,but the required dimensional accuracy relatively low .(b) Finishing, for which the metal removal rate, and consequently the cutting force, is low, but the required dimensional accuracy and surface finish relatively high . It follows that static loads and dynamic loads, such as result form an unbalanced grindingwheel, are more significant in finishing operations than in roughing operations, The degree of precision achieved in any machining process will usually be influenced by the magnitude of the deflections, which occur as a result of the force acting.Machine tool frames are generally made in cast iron, although some may be steel casting or mild-steel fabrications. Cast iron is chosen because of its cheapness, rigidity, compressive strength and capacity for damping the vibrations set-up in machine operations, To avoid massive sections in castings, carefully designed systems of ribbing are used to offer the maximum resistance to bending and torsional stresses. Two basic types of ribbing are box and diagonal. The box formation is convenient to produce, apertures in walls permitting the positioning and extraction of cores. Diagonal ribbing provides greater torsional stiffness and yet permits swarf to fall between the sections; it is frequently used for lathe beds.The slides and slideways of a machine tool locate and guide members which move relative to each other, usually changing the position of the tool relative to workpiece .The movement generally takes the form of translation in a straight line, but is sometimes angular rotation, e.g. tilting the wheel-head of a universal thread-grinding machine to an angle corresponding which the helix angle of the workpiece thread. The basic geometric elements of slides are flat, vee, dovetail and cylinder. These elements may be used separately or combined in various ways according to the applications . Features of slideways are as follows :(a) Accuracy of Movement. Where a slide is to be displaced in a straight line, this line must lie in two mutually perpendicular planes and there must be no slide rotation. The general tolerance for straightness of machine tool slideways is 0~0.02mm per 1000mm; on horizontal surfaces this tolerance may be disposed so thata convex surface results, thus countering the effect of "sag" of the slideway.(b) Means of Adjustment. To facilitate assembly, maintain accuracy and eliminate "play" between sliding members after wear has taken place, a strip is sometimes inserted in slides. This is called a gibstrip. Usually, the gib is retained by socket-head screws passing through elongated slots;and is adjusted by grub-screws secured by lock nuts.(c) Lubrication. Slideways may be lubricated by either of the following systems:1)Intermittently through grease or oil nipples, a method suitable wheremovements are infrequent and speed low.2) Continuously e.g. by pumping through a metering valve and pipe-work to the point of application; the film of oil introduced between surfaces by these means must be extremely thin to avoid the slide “floating”.If sliding surfaces were optically flatoil would be squeezed out,resulting in the surfaces sticking. Hence in practice slide Sill"faces are either grourld using the edge of a cup wheel,or scraped. Both processes produee minulte surface depressions,which retain‘‘pocket” of oil,and complete separation of the parts may not occur at all points.(d) Protection.To maintain slideways in good order, the following conditions must be met:1) Ingress of foreign matter,e.g.swarf,must be prevented. Where this is no possible,it is desirable to have a form of slideway,which does not retain swarf,e.g. the inverted vee.2) Lubricating oil must be retained.The adhesive property of oil for use on vertical or inclined slide surface is important; oils are available which have been specially developed for this purpose. The adhesiveness of oil also preverts it being washed away by cutting fluids.3) Accidental damage must be prevented by protective guards.译文:(一)镗削加工和镗床像车床加工零件一样,镗床能在中空的工件或由钻削加工或其它工艺所加工的孔上进行内轮廓圆的加工。

翻译技巧3

翻译技巧3

翻译技巧3翻译技巧3 省略法省略法:指原文中有些词在译文中不译出来,因为译文中虽无其词而已有其意,或者在译文中是不言而喻的。

应遵循的原则:减词不减意一、从语法角度进行省略1.1 冠词的省略当冠词不表达具体的词义,而只是为了满足语法对用词造句形式上的要求时,这种冠词经常省略不译。

例: A camel is much inferior to an elephant in strength.骆驼的力量远不及大象。

1.2 代词的省略例1: Whether the laws are good or bad, they cannot complain, they cannot question, they cannot suggest changes.无论法律是否公正,他们无法抱怨、(……)无法质疑、(……)无法建议修改。

例2: But it’s the way I am, and try as I might, I haven’t been able to change it.但我就是这个脾气,(……)虽然几经努力,(……)却未能改变过来。

泛指的英语人称代词作主语时,即使是作第一个主语,译文中往往也可以省略。

We live and learn. (……)活到老,学到老。

物主代词的省略He broke his leg skiing. 他滑雪时摔断了腿。

反身代词的省略How do atoms arrange themselves in a solid?原子在固体中是如何排列(……)的?1.3 it的省略非人称代词it的省略非人称代词it在句中作主语时实际上是个虚词,并不指代上下文中具体的事物,一般用于表示自然现象、时间、距离、环境及一般情况等。

汉译时,常将这一非人称代词it省略,作为无主句。

例:Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs.外面一团漆黑,大雨倾盆。

翻译三原则

翻译三原则

1.1 严复的“信、达、雅” 关于“信”,严复认为:译文应该抓住全文要旨,对于词句可以有所颠倒增删,只要不失原意,不必斤斤计较词句的对应和顺序。

关于“达”,严复认为:达非常重要。

只信而不达,译了等于没译;只有做到达,才能做到信。

要做到达,译者必须首先认真通读全文,做到融会贯通,然后进行翻译。

为了表达原意,可以在词句方面作必要的调整改动。

关于“雅” ,严复认为:译文要雅,否则没有人看。

“雅” 是指“古雅” ,要采用汉代以前使用的古文。

对于严复的信达雅,不少人对于“雅” 有一些不同的看法:不能脱离原文,片面求雅;如果原文不雅,译文怎么能雅?况且,严复主张的是古雅,即用古文进行翻译,这是不可取的。

至于“信” 和“达” ,多年来用作评价翻译的尺度,在我国翻译界一直是没有异议的。

严复在《天演论·译例言》里首次提出了“信、达、雅” 的翻译标准。

“信” 指的是“忠实” ,“达” 指的是“流畅” ,“雅” 指的是“尔雅”。

所谓“尔雅”, 用严复自己的话来说就是“用汉以前字法、句法”。

一百年来,严复提出的“信、达、雅” 在中国翻译界起了很大的作用。

人们对“信” 和“达” 没有什么争论, 唯有“雅”字例外。

再“用汉以前字法、句法” 进行翻译是不行了。

因此人们对“雅” 字作过各种解释,发过各种议论。

纵观各家之言,我认为周照良教授的解释是比较可取的。

周照良教授在“翻译三论” 一文中说:“我认为应当作为‘得体'来理解。

得体不仅仅指文笔,而是指文笔基本上必须根据内容来定;文笔必须具有与其内容相适应的风格。

”他还说:“信、达、雅”三者哪一个最重要?我以为要看内容而定。

如果译的是《读者文摘》或旅游见闻,那就要着重达,便是漏译一两句也无关宏旨。

如果译的是哲学、社会科学, 特别是经典著作, 信就应当放在首位。

... 至于文学翻译, 那当然要讲究文笔。

如果一篇译文在内容上是忠实的,在语言上是通顺的,在风格上是得体的,那的确就是一篇很好的译文了。

英语翻译 (3)

英语翻译 (3)

I.下面的英语段落后提供的汉语译文有未完成的地方,这些未完成的地方用划线标出,并均提供了三个译文(分别标为A,B,C),请选择你认为最好的译文.(2x10=20%)Be very wary of opinions that flatter your self-esteem. ①Both men and women, ②nine times out of ten, are firmly convinced of the superior excellence of their own sex. There is abundant evidence on both sides. If you are a man, you can point out that most poets and men of science are male; if you are a woman, you can retort that so are most criminals. ③The question is inherently insoluble, but self-esteem conceals this from most people. We are all, whatever part of the world we come from, ④persuaded that our own nation is superior to all others. Seeing that each nation has its characteristic merits and demerits, ⑤we adjust our standard of values so as to make out that the merits possessed by our nation are the really important ones, while its demerits are comparatively trivial. ⑥Here, again, the rational man will admit that the question is one to which there is no demonstrably right answer. It is more difficult ⑦to deal with the self-esteem of man as man, because we cannot argue out the matter with some non-human mind. The only way I know of dealing with this general human conceit ⑧is to remind ourselves that man is a brief episode in the life of a small planet in a little corner of the universe, ⑨and that for aught we know, other parts of the cosmos may contain beings ⑩as superior to ourselves as we are to jelly-fish.对于那些容易助长你狂妄自大的观点尤宜提防。

词语的翻译3

词语的翻译3

❖ 高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜,以邓小平 理论和三个代表重要思想为指导,深入贯彻 落实科学发展观,继续解放思想,坚持改革 开放,推动科学发展,促进社会和谐,为夺 取全面建设小康社会新胜利而奋斗。
❖ 高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜:
❖ Hold high the great banner of Chinese socialism
在这里修炼 ❖ 6. 腊月二十三灶王爷上天,后台封上戏箱,要等年初一开戏。 ❖ 7. “这断子绝孙的啊Q!”远远地听到小尼姑的带哭的声音。
❖ 1. Yichang City is the birthplace of Chinese Bachu Culture as well as many great personalities through the ages, such as the great poet Qu Yuan and the famous beauty Wang Zhaojun.
❖ Karaokre ❖ 卡拉OK
❖ 钱先生周岁时“抓周”,抓了一本书,因此 得名“钟书”。
❖ When Qian was just one year old, he was told by his parents to choose one thing among many others, he picked up a book of all things. Thereupon his father very gladly gave him the name: Zhongshu (=book lover)
❖ ① This is a curse intolerable to ear in China.
1. Zero of equivalent word 词汇空缺

汉译英词语翻译--成语翻译--3

汉译英词语翻译--成语翻译--3
2013-7-28 5
-直译法
劳苦功高 to have spent toilsome labour and won distinctive merits 屡教不改 to fail to mend one’s ways after repeated admonition 牢不可破 to be so strongly built as to be indestructible
2013-7-28 2
Hale Waihona Puke 成语英译方法(p79-81)
直译法 意译法 套译法 加注法 增译法
2013-7-28 3
直译法
按照字面意义直译可以让译 文读者准确理解其意义、且 不违背译文语言规范、不引 起错误联想的成语,都可以 直译。
2013-7-28
4
-直译法-1
有些汉语成语没 口蜜腹剑 有形象的比喻意 to be honey义,它们的字面 mouthed and 意义也就是它们 dagger-hearted 的实际意义。对 这些成语,我们 当然可以采取字 面翻译。
2013-7-28 10
意译法-1
然而,汉语成语并非 粗枝大叶 每条都能按字面翻译, to be crude and 有些成语的比喻形象 careless /cf. ( confer ) 是译文读者不能接受 with big branches and 的。这种情况下,我 large leaves 们可以根据成语的实 无孔不入 际意义灵活地翻译。 to take advantage of every weakness/cf. to get into every hole
16
Practice-意译法练习
1. 开门见山 1. to come straight to the point cf. to open the door and see the mountain 2. 扬眉吐气 2. to feel proud and elated cf. to raise the eyebrows and 3. 大张旗鼓 let out a breath 3. on a large and spectacular scale 4. 毛遂自荐 4. to volunteer one’s service 5. 倾城倾国 5. to be exceedingly beautiful
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[误译] 色子已经扔出去了。
[正译] 已成定局;木已成舟。(这是恺撒将渡Rubicon河时说的一句话,表示“木已成舟”,或“破釜沉舟”。(名词die是古代的用法,意思是“骰子”或“色子”。现在的“色子”用dice,单数、复数相同。)
相关阅读:
“公子哥”该如何翻译?
一词多译还是词义的引申?
3. Good wine needs no bush.
[误译] 好酒不需要做广告。
[正译] 酒好不怕巷子深。
4. I am all ears.
[误译] 我浑身上下都是耳朵。
[正译] 我在洗耳恭听。
5. If the cap fits, wear it.
[误译] 如果帽子合适,就戴着吧。
2 历史典故及风俗习惯的影响
历史典故是民族文化的传承,具有鲜明的文化个性和丰富的文化历史信息,体现不同历史文化特点。随着中西文化的交流,西方的许多圣经故事,文学作品等以及中国的神话,典故,诗词歌赋等也被各自接受和欣赏,翻译也就起着不可估量的作用。当然,翻译就必须是历史典故和历史文化的翻译,而不单单停留在文字的表面。例如:在《旧约 创世纪》中,有这么一句话:“Can't you see it is an apple?”字面意思为“难道你看不出这是个苹果么?”根据历史典故,我们知道夏娃受到魔鬼的引诱吃了善恶树上的苹果,触怒了上帝。苹果(apple)一词也就成了陷阱的意思。所以,此处译为“难道你看不出这是个陷阱么?”更为贴切。风俗习惯更是如此,影响和制约着翻译的精确性。如汉文化中,人们崇尚“民以食为天”,见面问一声“吃了吗?”,一则表示关心寒暄,二则也是正式交谈的开场白。但如译成“Have you had your meal?”则失去了其语用意义和应酬功能,也不能被西方人理解和接受。因此翻译要在双方风俗习惯的基础上加以必要的解释。
最“表里不一”的英语成语翻译辨误
[ 2009-10-16 15:41 ]
1. A watched pot never boils.
[误译] 眼睛盯着看的壶永远不会开。
[正译] 心急锅不开。
2. Better safe than sorry.
[误译] 安全比遗憾好。
[正译] 最好不要去冒险。
8. It's all my eye!
[误译] 都是的我的眼睛。
[正译] 我根本不相信;胡说八道。
9. It's not my pigeon.
[误译] 不是我的鸽子。
[正译] 不关我的事;跟我没关系。
10. Like father, like son.
[误译] 儿子像父亲。
有人误以为,所谓合乎翻译标准,就是在把一种语言转换为另一种语言时,做到“不增不减”。翻译实践告诉我们,由于两种语言表达方式上存在差异,翻译时往往都是“既增又减”。这种根据各自语言特点,在具体上下文中适当地“增、减”,就是我们所要讨论的翻译技巧。
词量增减,是指根据原文上下文的意思、逻辑关系以及译文语言句法特点和表达习惯,在翻译时增加原文字面没有出现但实际内容已包含的词,或者减去原文虽有但译文语言表达用不着的词。必须指出的是,词量增减必须防止两个倾向:一是添枝加叶,任意发挥;二是避难就易,肆意裁割。
3 宗教传统的影响
中国人信仰佛教,相信佛主主宰一切,而欧美人信奉基督教,认为上帝创造世界。汉语中有“借花献佛”、“缘木求鱼”等成语,英语中也存在“God bless you”、“God be with you”(上帝保佑)等习语。中西宗教传统的差异使得翻译时应特别注意,否则就会出现失当现象。如英语中的:“end of the world”,从字面上很容易译为“世界末日”。但在基督教的教义中,“end of the world”意为“judgment day”,是上帝审判人类的日子,那一天好人上天堂,坏人下地狱,魔鬼被投入硫磺湖里。此时翻译要达到精准,就必须受宗教文化的局限。
4 价值观念及审美观念的影响
不同的民族文化必然造就人们不同的价值观念,因此翻译时必须顾及双方不同的价值观,才能被对方理解接受。如:英国主要以马耕为主,英国人对马也有深厚的情感,因此英美人的价值观中马是勤劳和吃苦耐劳的象征。英语中就有“as strong as a horse”的说法。而中国自古以来主要靠牛耕,中国人对牛热爱和赞誉因为牛秉性勤劳忠厚。所以英语的“as strong as a horse”,按照中国人的价值观译为“力大如牛”才精准。另外,不同民族的审美观念也存在较大的差异,翻译的过程中如不注意,就会造成事与愿违的结果。在中国人的审美观念中,白色象征肃穆、哀悼,而红色则是传统的喜庆色彩,因而中国婚嫁称为“红事”,丧事则称“白事”。但多数西方人对汉语中的“红白喜事”感到费解。因为在西方人的审美观中,白色象征着纯洁、素雅、坦率、单纯、快乐和明亮。西方人婚宴多为白色,而丧葬则为黑色。所以翻译时,最好不要把“红”、“白”两种颜色译出,只说weddings and funerals(婚礼和葬礼)。因为把白色和丧事联系起来,会引起西方人的反感,而把funerals(丧事)说成是happy occasions(喜事),会让西方人吃惊。
15. That makes two of us.
[误译] 现在是我们俩了。
[正译] 我跟你有同感。
16. The ball is in your court.
[误译] 球在你的场内。
[正译] 该你行动了;看你的了。(说法来源于网球)
17. The die is cast!
[正译] 要是言之中肯,就接受吧。
6. In for a penny, in for a pound!
[误译] 赌一便士是赌,赌一英镑也是赌。
[正译] 一不做,二不休。
7. It take] 跳探戈舞需要两个人。
[正译] 一个巴掌拍不响;孤掌难鸣。
译文三:一本书,如果紧紧合上不读,只是一叠废纸。
译文四:闲置之书只是一叠废纸。
上面同一个句子四个译文,可以体现翻译不同层次。译文一,与原文似乎丝丝入扣,但却显得支离破碎、关系不清、语意不足;译文二,增加了“如果……不读”,意思明白无误,只是觉得言犹未尽;译文三,又增加了一个废字,这可是点睛之举。能否译出这个废字,是翻译这个句子的关键。一个废字,说话者语意才得以充分表达。译文三不足之处,就是行文拖沓累赘;而译文四则简明扼要,笔酣墨浓了。
[正译] 有其父必有其子。(也可以说Like mother, like daughter.)
11. Money doesn't grow on trees.
[误译] 钱不是长在树上的。
[正译] 钱是有数的;不要花钱如流水。
12. My ears are burning.
[误译] 我的耳朵在发烧。
作者简介:齐媛媛,1981出生,女,河北唐山人,任职于唐山学院外语系,研究方向为语言学,英美文学。
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当今科技突飞猛进,经济日益全球化的世界里,信息传播尤为重要,翻译作为信息传播和交际的桥梁也就起着越来越重要的作用。翻译曾一度被看做是两种语言之间的转换,但事实上,在全球化语境下的翻译活动,形式上虽是语言字符的转换,内容上却是不同民族文化间的交流。翻译永远与文化脱不了干系,永远受到文化因素的制约和影响。
[正译] 有人在其议论我;我怀疑有人在说我坏话。
13. My fingers are all thumbs.
[误译] 我的指头都成了大拇指了。
[正译] 我的手指头发僵,不听使唤。
14. Pigs might fly!
[误译] 猪也许会飞起来。
[正译] 根本不可能的事!天下事无奇不有。(变体:Pigs may fly!和When pigs can fly!)
1 思维方式的影响
西方民族惯用抽象性,由一到多的分析型思维方式,句子常以主语和谓语为核心,统摄多个短语和从句,由主到次,但形散而意合。而东方民族惯用具体性,由多到一的综合型思维方式,句子多以动词为中心,以时间为顺序,横向铺叙,注重整体和谐。有时英语的一个长句需要转译为汉语的几个短句,而汉语中一个意群的若干短句却可以合译为一个英语长句。英汉民族认识和思维方式的不同决定了其在翻译过程中句式选择,遣词造句,词句省略等的不同。如此例句:“It had been a fine, golden autumn, a lovely farewell to those who would lose their youth, and some of them their lives, before the leaves turned again in a peacetime fall.”如直接译成:“那是一个美好的金秋,在告别了那些可能丢失他们的青春甚至生命的人之后,树叶才慢慢的落下。”这种翻译显然受到了语言形式的拘束,译句结构混乱,呆板没有条理性且语言支离破碎。如将译文译成“那是个天气晴朗,金黄可爱的秋天,美好的秋色为那些青年们送别。待到战后和平时期,黄叶纷飞的秋天再度来临时,当日的青年们已经失去了青春,有的甚至丧失了生命。”就很符合中国人的思维方式,不失为一段精彩的翻译。再如奥运口号“北京欢迎您!”表达了中国人民欢迎世界各国人民到北京的心情,我们常见的译文为“welcome to Beijing!”翻译中句式的改变,使用英语祈使句,恰当的表达出中国人祈盼奥运的热情。如译为 “Beijing is welcome you”,则语气过于平淡,效果大打折扣。
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