工科研究生英语复习资料全
新工科研究生英语阅读与写作unit5
新工科研究生英语阅读与写作unit5摘要:1.新工科研究生英语阅读与写作unit5 的内容概述2.文章的主要结构和内容3.阅读与写作的技巧和策略4.如何提高阅读和写作能力5.总结与建议正文:【新工科研究生英语阅读与写作unit5 的内容概述】新工科研究生英语阅读与写作unit5 主要是针对研究生的英语阅读和写作能力进行提升。
在这个单元中,我们将会学习到如何有效地阅读和写作,以便更好地理解和表达我们的观点。
【文章的主要结构和内容】这篇文章主要分为五个部分,每个部分都针对一个特定的主题进行讨论。
第一部分主要介绍了阅读和写作的基本概念,阐述了阅读和写作在学术研究中的重要性。
第二部分则深入探讨了阅读的技巧和策略,包括如何选择合适的阅读材料,如何进行有效的阅读,以及如何从阅读中获取信息。
第三部分则是关于写作的技巧和策略,这部分内容涵盖了如何进行有效的写作,如何组织文章结构,以及如何使用恰当的语言和表达方式。
第四部分则是关于如何提高阅读和写作能力的具体方法,包括如何进行练习,如何进行反思,以及如何寻求反馈。
最后一部分是总结与建议,作者对前面讨论的内容进行了总结,并提出了一些建议,以帮助我们更好地提升阅读和写作能力。
【阅读与写作的技巧和策略】阅读和写作是学术研究中不可或缺的两个环节。
有效的阅读可以帮助我们获取信息,理解观点,而有效的写作则可以帮助我们表达观点,传达信息。
因此,掌握阅读和写作的技巧和策略,对于我们的学术研究至关重要。
在阅读方面,我们可以通过选择合适的阅读材料,进行有效的阅读,以及从阅读中获取信息等方式来提升阅读能力。
在选择阅读材料时,我们需要考虑到我们的阅读目的和阅读水平,以便选择最适合我们的材料。
在阅读过程中,我们可以使用一些技巧,如划重点,做笔记,以便更好地理解阅读材料。
在获取信息方面,我们可以通过理解阅读材料的主旨,寻找关键信息,以及对比不同信息来源的方式来获取信息。
在写作方面,我们可以通过组织文章结构,使用恰当的语言和表达方式,以及进行有效的反思和反馈等方式来提升写作能力。
2022年考研英语(一)完整版真题及答案解析(2)
2022年考研英语(一)完整版真题及答案解析(2)1. 英语在研究生招生考试中往往是很多理工科考生心中的痛,因为英语这一科考试科目的复习内容是没有上限的,所以考生在复习过程中也经常无从下手,那么接下来小编就为大家带来2022年考研英语(一)完整版真题及答案解析,快来看看吧!Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1People often complain that plastics are too durable. Water bottles,shopping bags,and other trash litter the planet,from Mount Everest to the Mariana Trench, because plastics are everywhere and don't break down easily. But some plastic materials change over time. They crack and frizzle. They "weep"out additives. They melt into sludge. All of which creates huge headaches for institutions,such as museums,trying to preserve culturally important objects. The variety of plastic objects at risk is dizzying: early radios, avant-garde sculptures,celluloid animation stills from Disney films,the first artificial heart.Certain artifacts are especially vulnerable because some pioneers in plastic art didn't always know how to mix ingredients properly,says Thea van Oosten, a polymer chemist who,until retiring a few years ago,worked for decades at the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands. "It's like baking a cake: If you don't have exact amounts. itgoes wrong." She says. "The object you make is already a time bomb."And sometimes, it's not the artist's fault. In the 1960s,the Italian artist Picro Gilardi began to create hundreds of bright,colorful foam pieces. Those pieces included small beds of roses and other items as well as a few dozen "nature carpets"–large rectangles decorated with foam pumpkins,cabbages,and watermelons. He wanted viewers to walk around on the carpets –which meant they had to be durable.Unfortunately, the polyurethane foam he used is inherently unstable. It's especially vulnerable to light damage, and by the mid-1990s,Gilardi's pumpkins,roses,and other figures were splitting and crumbling. Museums locked some of them away in the dark. So van Oosten and her colleagues worked to preserve Gilardi's sculptures. They infused some with stabilizing and consolidating chemicals. Van Oosten calls those chemicals "sunscreens"because their goal was to prevent further light damage and rebuild worn polymer fibers. She is proud that several sculptures have even gone on display again,albeit sometimes beneath protective cases.Despite success stories like van Oosten's, preservation of plastics will likely get harder. Old objects continue to deteriorate. Worse,biodegradable plastics designed to disintegrate,are increasingly common. And more is at stake here than individual objects. Joana Lia Ferreira,an assistant professor of conservation and restoration at the NOVA School of Science and Technology,notes that archaeologists first defined the great material ages of human history-Stone Age, Iron Age, and so on-after examining artifacts in museums. We now live in an age of plastic, she says,"and what we decide to collect today,what we decide to preserve. …will have a strong impact on how in the future we'll be seen."21.【题干】According to Paragraph 1, museums are faced with difficulties in_____.【选项】A.maintaining their plastic itemsB.obtaining durable plastic artifactsC.handling outdated plastic exhibitsD.classifying their plastic collections【答案】A22.【题干】Van Oosten believes that certain plastic objects are_____.【选项】A.immune to decayB.improperly shapedC.inherently flawedplex in structure【答案】C23.【题干】Museums stopped exhibiting some of Gilardi's artworks to_____.【选项】A.keep them from hurting visitorsB.duplicate them for future displayC.have their ingredients analyzedD.prevent them from further damage【答案】D24.【题干】The author thinks that preservation of plastics is_____.【选项】A.costlyB.unworthyC.unpopularD.challenging【答案】D25.【题干】In Ferreira's opinion,preservation of plastic artifacts_____.【选项】A.will inspire future scientific researchB.has profound historical significanceC.will help us separate the material agesD.has an impact on today's cultural life【答案】BText 2As the latest crop of students pen their undergraduate applications and weigh up their options,it may be worth considering just how the point, purpose and value of a degree has changed and what Gen Z need to consider as they start the third stage of their educational journey.Millennials were told that if you did well in school, got a decent degree, you would be set up for life. But that promise has been found wanting. As degrees became universal,they became devalued. Education was no longer a secure route of social mobility. T oday, 28 per cent of graduates in the UK are in non-graduate roles; a percentage which is double the average amongst the OECD.This is not to say that there is no point in getting a degree,but, rather stress that a degree is not for everyone, that the switch from classroom to lecture hall is not an inevitable one and that other options are available.Thankfully, there are signs that this is already happening,with Gen Z seeking to learn from their millennial predecessors,even if parents and teachers tend to be still set in the degree mindset. Employers have long seen the advantages of hiring school leavers who often prove themselves to be more committed and loyal employees than graduates. Many too are seeing the advantages of scrapping a degree requirement for certain roles.For those for whom a degree is the desired route, consider that this may well be the first of many. In this age of generalists,it pays to have specific knowledge or skills. Postgraduates now earn 40 per cent more than graduates. When more and more of us have a degree, it makes sense to have two.It is unlikely that Gen Z will be done with education at 18 or 21; they will need to be constantly up-skilling throughout their career to stay agile,relevant and employable. It has been estimated that this generation due to the pressures of technology,the wish for personal fulfilment and desire for diversity will work for 17 different employers over the course of their working life and have five different careers. Education, and not just knowledge gained on campus, will be a core part of Generation Z's career trajectory.Older generations often talk about their degree in the present and personal tense:I am a geographer'or I am a classist. Their sons or daughters would never say such a thing;it's as if they already know that their degree won't define them in the same way.26.【题干】The author suggests that Generation Z should_____.【选项】A.be careful in choosing a collegeB.be diligent at each educational stageC.reassess the necessity of college educationD.postpone their undergraduate application【答案】C27.【题干】The percentage of UK graduates in non-graduate roles reflect_____.【选项】lennial’s opinions about workB.the shrinking value of a degreeC.public discontent with educationD.the desired route of social mobility【答案】B28.【题干】The author considers it a good sign that_____.【选项】A.Generation Z are seeking to earn a decent degreeB.school leavers are willing to be skilled workersC.employers are taking a realistic attitude to degreeD.parents are changing their minds about education【答案】C29.【题干】It is advised in Paragraph 5 that those with one degree should_____.【选项】A.make an early decision on their careerB.attend on the job training programsC.team up with high-paid postgraduatesD.further their studies in a specific field【答案】D30.【题干】What can be concluded about Generation Z from the last two paragraphs?【选项】A.Lifelong learning will define them.B.They will make qualified educators.C.Depress will no longer appeal them.D.They will have a limited choice of jobs.【答案】AText 3Enlightening, challenging, stimulating, fun. These were some of the words that Nature readers used to describe their experience of art-science collaborations in a series of articles on partnerships between artists and researchers. Nearly 40% of the roughly 350 people who responded to an accompanying poll said,they had collaborated with artists:and almost all said they would consider doing so in future.Such an encouraging results is not surprising. Scientists are increasingly seeking out visual artists to help them communicate their work to new audiences. "Artists help scientists reach a broader audience and make emotional connections that enhance learning." One respondent said.One example of how artists and scientists have together rocked the scenes came last month when the Sydney Symphony Orchestra performed a reworked version of Antonio Vivaldi's The Four Seasons. They reimagined the 300-year-old score by injecting the latest climate prediction data for each season-provided by Monash University's Climate Change Communication Research Hub. The performance was a creative call to action ahead of November's United Nations Climate Change Conference in Glasgow, UK.But a genuine partnership must be a two-way street. Fewer artist than scientists responded to the Nature poll, however,several respondents noted that artists do not simply assistscientists with their communication requirements. Nor should their work be considered only as an object of study. The alliances are most valuable when scientists and artists have a shared stake in a project, are able to jointly design it and can critique each other's work. Such an approach can both prompt new research as well as result in powerful art. More than half a century ago,the Massachusetts Institute of Technology opened its Center for Advanced Visual Studies (CAVS)to explore the role of technology in culture. The founders deliberately focused their projects around light-hence the "visual studies" in the name. Light was a something that both artists and scientists had an interest in, and therefore could form the basis of collaboration. As science and technology progressed, and divided into more sub-disciplines, the centre was simultaneously looking to a time when leading researchers could also be artists,writers and poets, and vice versa.Nature's poll findings suggest that this trend is as strong as ever, but, to make a collaboration work, both sides need to invest time, and embrace surprise and challenge. The reach of art-science tie-ups needs to go beyond the necessary purpose of research communication, and participants. Artists and scientists alike are immersed in discovery and invention, and challenge and critique are core to both, too.31.【题干】According to paragraph 1,art-science collaborations have_____.【选项】A.caught the attention of criticsB.received favorable responsesC.promoted academic publishingD.sparked heated public disputes【答案】B32.【题干】The reworked version of The Four Seasons is mentioned to show that_____.【选项】A.art can offer audiences easy access to scienceB.science can help with the expression of emotionsC.public participation in science has a promising futureD.art is effective in facilitating scientific innovations【答案】A33.【题干】Some artists seem to worry about in the art-science partnership_____.【选项】A.their role may be underestimatedB.their reputation may be impairedC.their creativity may be inhibitedD.their work may be misguided【答案】A34.【题干】What does the author say about CAVS? _____.【选项】A.It was headed alternately by artists and scientists.B.It exemplified valuable art-science alliances.C.Its projects aimed at advancing visual studies.D.Its founders sought to raise the status of artists.【答案】B35.【题干】In the last paragraph, the author holds that art-science collaborations_____.【选项】A.are likely to go beyond public expectationsB.will intensify interdisciplinary competitionC.should do more than communicating science.D.are becoming more popular than before【答案】CText 4The personal grievance provisions of New Zealand's Employment Relations Act 2000 (ERA)prevent an employer from firing an employee without good cause. Instead. dismissals must be justified. Employers must both show cause and act in a procedurally fair way.Personal grievance procedures were designed to guard the jobs of ordinary workers from "unjustified dismissals". The premise was that the common law of contract lacked sufficient safeguards for workers against arbitrary conduct by management. Long gone are the days when a boss could simply give an employee contractual notice.But these provisions create difficulties for businesses when applied to highly paid managers and executives. As countless boards and business owners will attest, constraining firms from firing poorly performing. high-earning managers is a handbrake on boosting productivity and overall performance. The difference between C-grade and A-grade managers may very well be the difference between business success or failure. Between preserving the jobs of ordinary workers or losing them. Yet mediocrity is no longer enough to justify a dismissal.Consequently—and paradoxically—laws introduced to protect the jobs of ordinary workers may be placing those jobs at risk.If not placing jobs at risk,to the extent employment protection laws constrain business owners from dismissing under-performing managers, those laws act as a constraint on firm productivity and therefore on workers' wages. Indeed, in "An International Perspective on New Zealand's Productivity Paradox"(2014). The Productivity Commission singled out the low quality of managerial capabilities as a cause of the country's poor productivity growth record.Nor are highly paid managers themselves immune from the harm caused by the ERA's unjustified dismissal procedures. Because employment protection laws make it costlier to fire an employee, employers are more cautious about hiring new staff. This makes it harder for the marginal manager to gain employment. And firms pay staff less because firms carry the burden of the employment arrangement going wrong.Society also suffers from excessive employment protections. Stringent job dismissal regulations adversely affect productivity growth and hamper both prosperity and overall well-being.Across the Tasman Sea, Australia deals with the unjustified dismissal paradox by excluding employees earning above a specified "high-income threshold"from the protection of its unfair dismissal laws. In New Zealand, a 2016 private members'Bill tried to permit firms and high-income employees to contract out of the unjustified dismissal regime. However,the mechanisms proposed were unwieldy and the Bill was voted down following the change in government later that year.36.【题干】The personal grievance provisions of the ERA are intended to _____.【选项】A.punish dubious corporate practicesB.improve traditional hiring proceduresC.exempt employers from certain dutiesD.protect the rights of ordinary workers【答案】D37.【题干】It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that the provisions may_____ .【选项】A.hinder business developmentB.undermine managers' authorityC.affect the public image of the firmsD.worsen labor-management relations【答案】A38.【题干】Which of the following measures would be the Productivity Commission support?【选项】A.Imposing reasonable wage restraints.B.Enforcing employment protection lawsC.Limiting the powers of business owners.D.Dismissing poorly performing managers.【答案】D39.【题干】What might be an effect of ERA's unjustified dismissal procedures? _____【选项】A.Highly paid managers lose their jobs.B.Employees suffer from salary cuts.C.Society sees a rise in overall well-being.D.Employers need to hire new staff.【答案】B40.【题干】It can be inferred that the "high-income threshold" in Australia _____.【选项】A.has secured managers' earningsB.has produced undesired resultsC.is beneficial to business ownersD.is difficult to put into practice【答案】CPart BDirections: The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45,you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs C and F have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Teri Byrd_____(41)I was a zoo and wildlife park employee for years. Both the wildlife park and zoo claimed to be operating for the benefit of the animals and for conservation purposes. This claim was false. Neither one of them actually participated in any contributions whose bottom line is much more important than the condition of the animals.Animals despise being captives in zoos. No matter how you "enhance"enclosures,they do not allow for freedom, a natural diet or adequate time for transparency with these institutions,and it's past time to eliminate zoos from our culture.Karen R. Sime_____(42)As a zoology professor, I agree with Emma Marris that zoo displays can be sad and cruel. But she underestimates the educational value of zoos.The zoology program at my university attracts students for whom zoo visits were the crucial formative experience that led them to major in biological sciences. These are mostly students who had no opportunity as children to travel to wilderness areas,wildlife refuges or national parks. Although good TV shows canhelp stir children's interest in conservation,they cannot replace the excitement of a zoo visit as an intense, immersive and interactive experience. Surely there must be some middle ground that balances zoos'treatment of animals with their educational potential.Greg Newberry_____(43)Emma Marris's article is an insult and a disservice to the thousands of passionate who work tirelessly to improve the lives of animals and protect our planet. She uses outdated research and decades-old examples to undermine the noble mission of organization committed to connecting children to a world beyond their own.Zoos are at the forefront of conservation and constantly evolving to improve how they care for animals and protect each species in its natural habitat. Are there tragedies? Of course. But they are the exception not the norm that Ms. Marris implies. A distressed animal in a zoo will get as good or better treatment than most of us at our local hospital.Dean Gallea_____(44)As a fellow environmentalist animal-protection advocate and longtime vegetarian. I could properly be in the same camp as Emma Marris on the issue of zoos. But I believe that well-run zoos and the heroic animals that suffer their captivity so serve a higher purpose. Were it not for opportunities to observe these beautiful wild creatures close to home many more people would be driven by their fascination to travel to wild areas to seek out disturb and even hunt them down.Zoos are in that sense similar to natural history and archeology museums serving to satisfy our need for contact with these living creatures while leaving the vast majority undisturbedin their natural environments.John Fraser_____(45)Emma Marris selectively describes and misrepresents the findings of our research. Our studies focused on the impact of zoo experiences on how people think about themselves and nature and the data points extracted from our studies.Zoos are tools for thinking. Our research provides strong support for the value of zoos in connecting people with animals and with nature. Zoos provide a critical voice for conservation and environmental protection. They afford an opportunity for people from all backgrounds to encounter a range of animals from drone bees to springbok or salmon to better understand the natural world we live in.41.【题干】41._____.【选项】A.Zoos which spare no effort to take care of animals should not be subjected to unfair criticism.B.To pressure zoos to spend less on their animals would lead to inhumane outcomes for the precious creatures in their care.C.While animals in captivity deserve sympathy, zoos play a significant role in starting young people down the path of related sciences.D.Zoos save people trips to wilderness areas and thus contribute to wildlife conservation.E.For wild animals that cannot be returned to their natural habitats, zoos offer the best altemative.F.Zoos should have been closed down as they prioritize money making over animals' wellbeing.G.Marris distorts our findings which actually prove that zoos serve as an indispensable link between man and nature.【答案】F42.【题干】42._____.【选项】A.Zoos which spare no effort to take care of animals should not be subjected to unfair criticism.B.To pressure zoos to spend less on their animals would lead to inhumane outcomes for the precious creatures in their care.C.While animals in captivity deserve sympathy, zoos play a significant role in starting young people down the path of related sciences.D.Zoos save people trips to wilderness areas and thus contribute to wildlife conservation.E.For wild animals that cannot be returned to their natural habitats, zoos offer the best altemative.F.Zoos should have been closed down as they prioritize money making over animals' wellbeing.G.Marris distorts our findings which actually prove that zoos serve as an indispensable link between man and nature.【答案】C43.【题干】43._____.【选项】A.Zoos which spare no effort to take care of animals should not be subjected to unfair criticism.B.To pressure zoos to spend less on their animals would lead to inhumane outcomes for the precious creatures in their care.C.While animals in captivity deserve sympathy, zoos play a significant role in starting young people down the path of related sciences.D.Zoos save people trips to wilderness areas and thus contribute to wildlife conservation.E.For wild animals that cannot be returned to their natural habitats, zoos offer the best altemative.F.Zoos should have been closed down as they prioritize money making over animals' wellbeing.G.Marris distorts our findings which actually prove that zoos serve as an indispensable link between man and nature.【答案】A44.【题干】44._____.【选项】A.Zoos which spare no effort to take care of animals should not be subjected to unfair criticism.B.To pressure zoos to spend less on their animals would lead to inhumane outcomes for the precious creatures in their care.C.While animals in captivity deserve sympathy, zoos play a significant role in starting young people down the path of related sciences.D.Zoos save people trips to wilderness areas and thus contribute to wildlife conservation.E.For wild animals that cannot be returned to their natural habitats, zoos offer the best altemative.F.Zoos should have been closed down as they prioritize money making over animals' wellbeing.G.Marris distorts our findings which actually prove that zoos serve as an indispensable link between man and nature.【答案】D45.【题干】45._____.【选项】A.Zoos which spare no effort to take care of animals should not be subjected to unfair criticism.B.To pressure zoos to spend less on their animals would leadto inhumane outcomes for the precious creatures in their care.C.While animals in captivity deserve sympathy, zoos play a significant role in starting young people down the path of related sciences.D.Zoos save people trips to wilderness areas and thus contribute to wildlife conservation.E.For wild animals that cannot be returned to their natural habitats, zoos offer the best altemative.F.Zoos should have been closed down as they prioritize money making over animals' wellbeing.G.Marris distorts our findings which actually prove that zoos serve as an indispensable link between man and nature.【答案】G考研考什么内容考研分为初试和复试,初试主要是笔试,科目有外语、政治、专业课和综合,不同专业的考试科目是不一样的;复试是笔试和面试相结合,其内容包括英语测试、专业课笔试和综合素质面试。
工程硕士研究生实用英语期末复习资料
工程硕士研究生实用英语期末复习资料UNIT 1VOCABULARY1.Although not the newest, the engine won’t let you down. It is reliable and long-lasting.2.You’ll obtain a certificate of attendance upon completion of the training.3.He asked me who will participate in this meeting.4.Her proposal focuses on what steps we can take to minimize the losses.5.He recognized that he was not qualified for the post after the interview.6.Increased interaction between colleagues can greatly improve work-efficiency.7.It doesn’t take much to buy the machine, but you have to spend much on the maintenance of it.8.She decided to pursue her studies after obtaining her first degree.9.The incident provoked press interest. Reporters from several newspapers came to interview him.10.The activity will be a learning experience for you and all those who are involved.11.For optimal result, place this code at the very end of your page.12.Fortunately my boss has recognized the importance of a commitment to education.13.Good developers are focused on solving challenging technical problems.14.He’s a good salesman, but his offhand manner tends to put people off.15.Please turn off your cell phone or switch it to the vibrating mode while the meeting is going on.16.Plenty of exercise will help you keep in shape.17.This company has a unique way to train its employees.18.This new suggestion is an distinct improvement from the one I originally made.19.What he said is really a novel idea to the interviewers.20.Working abroad could become an incredible adventure for you. TRANSLATION1.In other words, I lead a team of engineers whose job it is to provide reliable medical equipment that will keep the astronauts healthy on orbit!也就是说,我带领一队工程师专门负责提供可靠的医疗设备,以使空中的航天员保持健康。
工科研究生英语复习资料
英语复习Part1 Vocabulary A(近义词)Labeled = identifiedAcquire = obtainwithdraw = take backassault = attackdeprived = impoverishedin accustomed to=feels at home with accused of = charged withsurvive = come throughabandon = quitdetermined = resolutegrieves = upsetssentimental = emotional particular = specialsorely = greatlydeteriorated = degenerated outwardly = seeminglyevident = distinctevery once in a while = at times impact = effectthink of = imagineindependent = freeeffective = usefulas long as = only ifreflection = indicationconstantly = continuously profession = occupationdurable = lastingdefy = disobeygranted = givenmonopolized = controlledstretch = enlargeextra = sparerepresents = symbolizeslower = dropadmit = confessaccount for = lead toviolating = breakingSharply = harshlydispleased = disappointedpuzzles = confusestricks = jokeshurdle = obstacleIncinerate = burn精选文库filters = removesclinging = holdingfast practicable = possibletedious = boringstains = dirty marksindispensable = necessarygroomed = traineddissension = disagreementcomplacent = self-contentedpropriety=correct behaviorspiteful = viciousindefinable = hard-to-expressruffled = made roughcontingent = grouppatronized = frequentedeccentricity = strange behavioranonymous = namelesspool = a billiard gamevictims = deathsshred = rayaffluent = well-offsensation = feelingclouded = made unclearinnocence = being not guiltyshootout = crossfiremarked = celebratedclustered = gatheredsafeguard = protectsoothe = make…comfortablesore = painfulviral = virus-causedthrobbing = painfulspecies = breed of animalprolong = lengthenprescribe = give…as a treatmentpotent = strongemerging = coning outimpoverished = poorPerish = dieappreciable = perceptibleviolation = infringementutilize = usealleviated = relievedIndiscriminately = unselectively精选文库modify = alteradequate = sufficientadvocate = supportaccede = agree toaccess = admittanceexclusively = onlyacquiescing = submittingprone = inclinedPlotted = chartedominous = menacingrestricted = limitedconspiring = intriguingpromoted = advocatedbuzz = excitementdrafted = chosenembrace = welcomepunch = strong effectcajole = persuadingscrubbed = canceledsoliciting = asking fordecried = condemnedIntriguing = interestingmarveled = admiredcomplacent = conceitedcongregate = gatherdestined = boundvanished = disappearedaccelerated = quickenedfare = dietchaos = disorderBelittle = underratepermanent = lastingradical = completePart2 Vocabulary B(选择题)Their frugal life style along with funds from…………As I have suggested, the corrections ……..made in the pursuit of optimal relevance.You know e-mail has gone mainstream when Uncle Sam is…….The film was popular with …….,but was not a(an) financial success.Though several months after the terrorist attack, her mind still conjures up a blurred……. --What if it rains tomorrow?—We’ll ………Her success was secured by two factors. In the first place ,she had …….It’s up to the travel companies to warn customers…..Everyone uses cafeteria, from the managing director down to the office boy.Both teams are on good form. Which should make for a great game.During the meeting , she……..and slipped a note into my hand.He soon to know the young kids…..,polishing shoes or running errands.We had to edge sideways along with our arms outstretched against……We had an unspoken agreement not to……..The night before the trip ,we sisters stayed up late…..Left to themselves,………..aggressive as time goes by.W hat they write can also make a difference to the way………….When he reached twelve his father cut short his education and ………………Some had been finding work a strain and early retirement ……By now the railway had reached ………to travel all the way to Jibuti by train.Dozens of scientific groups all over ………………….of a practical and economic……When we finally managed to get home after the tiring …….My students found the book enlightening: it provided them with an ………………Floods cause billions of dollars worth of property damage annually.Language, culture, and personality may be considered independently of each…….None of the servants were available when Mr smith …….My brother likes eating very much but he isn’t very particular about the food …Important people don’t often……..work takes up all their time.It is well known that knowledge is …..expansion of mind.All particulars should be carefully checked. Nothing should be taken for granted.After a few rounds of talks, both…….territory dispute to be settled.Mr Mor gan can be very sad in private ,though…… extremely cheerful.It suddenly occurred to Anne that…….Bob had suffered in the past five years.Many Europeans explored the continent of Africa in the 19th century.Some people would like to do ,,,,,,,,expect to pick up wonderful bargains in the market. Eventually I gave in and accepted the job on their terms.The papers arrived but were misplaced in the mailroom.It seemed impossible that he would escape detection in the examination.I shall have a companion in the house after all those lonely days.His friends thought he was crazy when he told them ,,,,,,entire vacation exploring a cave. Her ex-husband has access to the once a month.The company aims to extract maximum profit from the newly-developed product.Thi s can purify molecules ranging from a few milligrams……….The teller watched the customer stuffing the ………,sealing it and then writing on the frontShe is very sensitive to her weight, so try not to talk any heavy things in front of her. That is a long dis tance, so if you go there on foot………..shoes is a must.We know that is a well-known student-led movement.The robber grabbed his victim at the throat and choked her to death.The F1 winner shook the bottle violently and then sprayed champagne from the bottle. He was busy all day long, but mostly it was much ado about nothing.The school authorities will ensure that timely proper action is taken to solve the problem.I think that a forward vision combined with a unique ability to manage risk is the ……On that occasion the demonstrators will march in procession through the town. Naturally such visits can allow only the most superficial understanding of the prison life. It was similar to an indoor meeting because the stadium is compact, with the………A coal fire adds to the attraction of a winter indoors.He was tired and completely ill at ease with the continuous discussion of the matter.His speech was careful and distinct but his words seemed to make no sense.This was leaked to the media ,which began to clamor for stricter control.She was shocked into action by the desperate situation in the slum.He interviewed each senior manager on his perception of the company…….She was kidnapped and physically assaulted at gunpoint.Government posters from the 1930s br anded marijuana a“killer drug.”When the water in the pond was drained out, swimmers were all muddied with the ……. The global warming was seen by some people as divine retribution.Educators call for more concerns about the mental health of young people.We spent two nights in the mountains running out of food, … things turned out all right. The 34-year-old professor was said to be labored to death after years of overworking. The housing prices have been on the rise for ten years with the constant economic ……..The average salary of skillful technicians has leapt to 10,000 yuan from 1,000 yuan …….. If you have a small amount of leftover fruits,………..An unsuccessful welfare system helps to perpetuate failure and poverty.He contracted the disease through an insect bite.Some researchers say that yawning is contagious and passes……….Buying all those computers was a costly mistake…………These cells form part of the immune system and help to prevent………The local government is determined to take measures to reduce…….Many recipes in their restaurant can be easily adapted to suit vegetarians.It’s ironic that professional athletes are often ……….The dog is trained to guide the visually impaired people………….We’ve succeeded in isolating the gene ……….The greatest chal lenge is strengthening ……….long been susceptible to bribery…. We’ve incorporated many environmentally-friendly features……………The tribe has lived for generations in the inhospitable mountain regions………..This can have devastating consequences, and may cause……………Medicaid is a state-administered program for…………funded by the federal government. The plant is sensitive to alkaline conditions …………withstands higher temperatures. The military government is refusing to transfer power to………Insert the correct coins ,then select ……….,He supposes that technological progress will eliminate the problem………….. Einstein, who worked out his theory ………ripe old age.The boy doesn’t even know that angles……………..called acute angles.A significant proportion of the elderly are dep endent ………………..It’s quite common for the elderly to treat ……….fond indulgence.The fact that none of the neighbors…………….baffled the authorities.His poems epitomize the feelings of the generation…..Because journalists don’t think the congressman constitutes much of………Researchers at the university of san Francisco ……..grant for research on lung cancer. Even the most primitive computer can outstrip the human……………..The patients studied were seen………..beginning of symptoms.Witnesses say the jet crashed shortly after takeoff.This gives the company a competitive advantage over its rivals.Can I have your initial, Mr Davies ?___it’s G Mr G Davies.I’d like a cheeseburger and a regular coke.Fezza, the clothes designer, launched his first collection in 1980.He held onto the naïve belief that this theory………….It is a magnet for tourists, experienced boaters and amateurs alike.The fact that he’s breathing ………….a positive sign.And if you fail to spot these, a quick…………………bookshelf gives it in.After proper consu ltation and correction………………..set out to………..Dark figure emerged from the building………………..But all these ideas mean a huge loss of revenue to the treasury……………Plastic bottles can be recycled into clothing.精选文库Mr casey regrets that he will have to decline yo ur kind………..Between 1820 and 1920 some 35 million immigrants reached……….A poll of 700 female registered voters ……………Several hundred people contributed articles, photographs……..Woolf’s writing was completely original ----nothing like………….Coconut is bas ic ingredient for many curries and …………….It’s difficult for someone……………….the transition to television.精选文库Part3 Cloze test(完形填空)Every year Forbes magazine prints “The Forbes Four Hundred”, a list of the richest individuals in the United States. ……答案:1-5 CBDAA 6-10 BCDBB11-15 CADBC 16-20 DABCCShopping for clothes is not the same experience for a man as it is for a woman. ……答案:1-5 BADAC 6-10 BDCCB11-15 BADCB 16-20 ACDCBStandard English is the variety of English which is usually used in print and which is normally taught in schools and to non-native speakers learning the language. ……答案:1-5 DBCBD 6-10 ACBDC11-15 ACDBB 16-20 ADCDB精选文库People will be alert and receptive if they are faced with information that gets them to think about t hings they are interested. ……答案:1-5 BACDA 6-10 DBBBD11-15 ACDAB 16-20 AADBCIn primitive societies sick people had to rely on medicine men and witch doctors. ……答案:1-5 CBADB 6-10 CAACB11-15 AACBB 16-20 CADDDThe family is usually the most important source of psychological support for a cancer patient.答案:1-5 BADCC 6-10 ABCBD11-15 CDABB 16-20 DDCCAWhat causes school killings? ...…答案:1-5 ABCDB 6-10 AAAAC11-15 ABDAA 16-20 CDBBCWhen Wu Yu found she had a sore throat, she thought in was the early symptom of a cold. ......答案:1-5 ABDAB 6-10 DCABD11-15 CAADD 16-20 CBBADWorldwide, almost 99% of the human food supply is plant species and 8 livestock species, small numbers when compared with the estimate 10-30 million species inhabiting our biosphere. ...... 答案:1-5 BCACD 6-10 ABDBC11-15 ABDAB 16-20 DCACAThe girls in this sixth grade class in East Palo Alto, California, all have the same access to computers as boys. ......答案:1-5 BCDAA 6-10 BACDC11-15 CABCA 16-20 CBDABA great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods derives largely from the advertisements we read. ......答案:1-5 DCCAB 6-10 DCDDA11-15 CBCDA 16-20 BDCDBChildren in the United States are exposed to many influences other than that of their families. ......答案:1-5 CDCBA 6-10 DCBAD-- 11。
10年以前的工科专硕考研英语二
10年以前的工科专硕考研英语二1、96.Let's cross the street from school. There is a park ______ the school. [单选题] * A.far fromB.next toC.atD.opposite(正确答案)2、These oranges look nice, but _______ very sour. [单选题] *A. feelB. taste(正确答案)C. soundD. look3、You _____ smoke in the library, or you will be driven away. [单选题] *A. can'tB. mustn't(正确答案)C. will notD. may not4、John suggest _____ anything about it until they found out more facts. [单选题] *A not to sayB. not sayC to say notD not saying(正确答案)5、You cannot see the doctor _____ you have made an appointment with him. [单选题] *A. exceptB.evenC. howeverD.unless(正确答案)6、Will you be able to finish your homework _______? [单选题] *A. by the timeB. in time(正确答案)C. once upon a timeD. out of time7、John will go home as soon as he _______ his work. [单选题] *A. finishB. will finishC. finishedD. finishes(正确答案)8、A small village cuts across the river. [单选题] *A. 切B. 穿过(正确答案)C. 划船D. 踢9、I’d like to know the _______ of the club. [单选题] *A. schedule(正确答案)B. schoolC. menuD. subject10、Three ______ died of water pollution last winter. [单选题] *A. hundreds of villagersB. hundred villagers(正确答案)C. hundreds villagersD. hundred of villagers11、I am so excited to receive a _______ from my husband on my birthday. [单选题] *A. present(正确答案)B. percentC. parentD. peace12、The students in that university are not fewer than()in our university. [单选题] *A. the oneB. thatC. themD. those(正确答案)13、The manager isn’t in at the moment. May I _______ a message? [单选题] *A. take(正确答案)B. makeC. haveD. keep14、The carbon we produce when we breathe is much less than()produced by a car. [单选题] *A. oneB. itC. that(正确答案)D. those15、She is _______, but she looks young. [单选题] *A. in her fifties(正确答案)B. at her fiftyC. in her fiftyD. at her fifties16、Jim, we have _______ important to tell you right now . [单选题] *A. someB. something(正确答案)C. anyD. anything17、I could ______ control my feelings and cried loudly when I heard the bad news. [单选题] *A. hardly(正确答案)B. ?reallyC. clearlyD. nearly18、--Jimmy, you are supposed to?_______ your toys now.--Yes, mom. [单选题] *A. put upB. put onC. put away(正确答案)D. put down19、They lost their way in the forest, and _____ made matters worse was night began to fall. [单选题] *A. thatB. itC. what(正确答案)D. which20、He runs so fast that no one can _______ him. [单选题] *A. keep upB. keep awayC. keep up with(正确答案)D. keep on21、There is a popular belief _____schools don’t pay any attention to spelling. [单选题] *A.that(正确答案)B.whichC.whatD.whose22、_______ your help, I passed the English exam. [单选题] *A. ThanksB. Thanks to(正确答案)C. Thank youD. Thank to23、“I think you are wonderful,”she said, “You are so patient with your little George.”[单选题] *A. 耐心(正确答案)B. 细心C. 关心D. 偏心24、Mary is interested ______ hiking. [单选题] *A. onB. byC. in(正确答案)D. at25、--The last bus has left. What should we do?--Let’s take a taxi. We have no other _______ now. [单选题] *A. choice(正确答案)B. reasonC. habitD. decision26、49.________ is the price of the product? [单选题] *A.HowB.How muchC.What(正确答案)D.How many27、( ) ____ eye exercises ___ good __ your eyes. [单选题] *A. Doing, is, for(正确答案)B. Doing, are, forC. Do, is, forD. Do, are, at28、The car is _______. It needs washing. [单选题] *A. cleanB. dirty(正确答案)C. oldD. new29、We need some green paint badly, but there' s _____ at hand. [单选题] *A. notB. nothingC. little(正确答案)D. none30、Lily is a very_____person and never wastes anything. [单选题] *A.generousB.economical(正确答案)C.economicD.efficient。
考研英语复习资料
考研英语复习资料▶环保:environmental protectionlow carbon economy 低碳经济UN climate change conference in Copenhagen哥本哈根联合国气候变化会议Greenhouse effect温室效应Confront the threat of global warming面临全球变暖的威胁To reduce the petrol engine exhaust emissions 减少汽车的尾气排放environment- friendly society 生态型社会contaminate the environment 污染环境?natural resources自然资源energy conservation and environmental protection 节能环保biological balance 生物学平衡bring about harmony of economic returns and contribution to society and environmental protection 实现经济效益、社会效益和环境效益的统一curb environmental pollution 治理环境污染develop renewable/substitute resources 开发可再生/替代资源▶经济类:economyboom 蓬勃发展low carbon economy 低碳经济economic globalization经济全球化sustainable development可持续发展unfair competition不正当竞争promote sales促销fake and inferior product假冒伪劣产品,crack down on fake commodities 打假purchasing power购买力fierce competition激烈竞争after-sale service 售后服务bread –and – butter issue生计问题enterprise image企业形象,brand effect品牌效应retail industry 零售行业 wholesale industry 批发行业credit crisis信用危机 credit card 信用卡stabilize the commodity prices稳定物价service trade服务行业premature consumption超前消费▶立志成功/成才:succeed, achieve successthe pursuit of success / achievement / happiness / individualself-realizationspare no efforts/pains to do 不遗余力去做某事= make great effort to do sth,do with full persistence坚持不懈地做某事,try every means to stay on top 尽一切努力取得成功to realize one’s ambition抱负可以代替“to fulfill one’s dreams” cultivate the sense of individual self-realization 培养一种自我实现成功的意识stand up to/ withstand challenges and difficulties经得住挑战与困难▶大学生活/教育:Educationinnovative learning创新学习higher education高等教育drop-out辍学fake certificate/diploma假毕业证/文凭the craze for graduate school考研热diploma craze文凭热poverty-stricken students贫困学生further one’s study 深造quality education素质教育teacher-centered,以教师为中心 student-centered, 以学生为中心 foster abilities培养能力foster comprehensive abilities 提高综合能力improve the comprehensive quality提高综合素质relieve the burden on students减轻学生负担be occupied with so much schoolwork忙于功课college, university, students union学生会extracurricular activity课外活动practical capability实际能力educational reform教学改革academic plagiarism 学术抄袭the examination-oriented education应试教育interdisciplinary talents复合型人才inter-交融,disciplinary学科的=多学科背景enhance the cultural deposits提高文化底蕴good scores but low qualities高分低能teach students according to their aptitude资质因材施教 possess political integrity and professional ability德才兼备 be a student of fine qualities and fine scholar品学兼优improve the health and psychological quality提高学生身心素质 adjust to the social changes quickly适应社会的改变meet the urgent need of the society满足社会的急需a more vigorous, colorful and dynamic life更加有意义和丰富的生活▶就业:Employmentjob market 就业市场 job hunter/seeker求职者employment pressure就业压力employer招聘方employee应聘者applicant申请人candidate人选 position available/ vacant position空缺职位competent能胜任的, be qualified for合格的, be appropriate to 适合于college expansion of enrollment大学扩招contradiction between supply and demand in the job market就业市场供求矛盾not in line with major与专业不符job arrangement and benefit工作待遇和福利 promotion晋升? gender-biased性别歧视的 appearance-biased相貌歧视的money worship拜金主义develop fully one’s potential and creativity充分发挥个人的潜力 braindrain人才外流1 10到20秒钟内浏览全篇题目,判断整篇文章是以考细节为主,还是以考对文章的整体理解为主。
理工英语3期末复习资料
理工英语3期末复习资料理工英语3期末复习资料随着科技的不断进步和全球化的加快,英语已经成为了一门不可或缺的技能。
对于理工科的学生来说,掌握好理工英语是非常重要的。
在理工英语3的学习中,我们学习了很多关于科技和工程的专业术语和表达方式。
下面是一些期末复习资料,希望对大家的复习有所帮助。
一、科技与工程1. 科技的发展对社会的影响科技的发展对社会的影响是不可忽视的。
它改变了我们的生活方式、工作方式和交流方式。
例如,互联网的普及使得信息的获取和传播更加便捷,人们可以通过网络购物、在线学习和远程办公等。
此外,科技的发展也带来了一些问题,如信息安全和隐私保护等。
2. 工程的重要性工程是实现科技发展的关键环节。
工程涉及到设计、建造和维护各种设施和系统,如桥梁、建筑物、交通运输系统等。
工程师需要具备技术和创新能力,以解决实际问题并提高社会的发展水平。
二、科技与环境1. 环境问题与可持续发展随着工业化和城市化的加速,环境问题日益突出。
气候变化、空气污染和水资源短缺等问题对人类的生存和发展造成了威胁。
因此,可持续发展成为了当今社会的重要议题。
科技的发展为解决环境问题提供了一些解决方案,如清洁能源的开发和环境监测技术的应用。
2. 环境保护与个人责任环境保护是每个人的责任。
我们可以从日常生活中的小事做起,如减少用水、垃圾分类和节约能源等。
此外,政府和企业也应该加大对环境保护的投入和力度,制定相关政策和法规。
三、科技与健康1. 科技的进步对健康的影响科技的进步对健康领域产生了深远的影响。
医疗技术的发展使得疾病的诊断和治疗更加精确和高效。
例如,基因编辑技术的出现为基因疾病的治疗提供了新的途径。
此外,移动健康技术的应用也使得人们更加关注自己的健康状况。
2. 科技与健康生活方式科技也可以帮助我们养成健康的生活方式。
例如,智能手环和手机应用可以帮助我们记录运动量和饮食情况,提供健康建议。
此外,科技的发展也为远程医疗和在线健康咨询提供了便利。
新工科研究生英语阅读写作 课件 Unit 2
vulnerable
adjective uk /ˈvʌl.nər.ə.bəl/ /ˈvʌn.rə.bəl/ us /ˈvʌl.nɚ.ə.bəl/ ✬able to be easily physically,t, influenced, or attacked 易受伤的;易受影响(或攻击)的;脆弱的
squishy
adjective uk /ˈskwɪʃ.i/ us /ˈskwɪʃ.i/ ✬ soft when pressed
松软的 ❊squishy pink leather chairs
松软的粉色皮椅
❊Dr Broomell and Dr Waite were curious about the composition of the only hard parts of an otherwise squishy animal.
❊These polymers all put together can be broken down into sugar. 这些聚合物可以一起被分解为糖。 ❊Lots of molecules in nature get together to form long chains called polymers. 大自然里许多分子聚在一起形成长长的链子,名叫聚合物。
rigid
adj. uk /ˈrɪdʒ.ɪd/ us /ˈrɪdʒ.ɪd/ ✬stiff or fixed; not able to be bent or moved 僵硬的;固定的;不能弯曲
工程管理硕士专业英语资料(A4打印版)
soil mechanics 土力学 aerial photographs 航空摄影 sanitary engineering 卫 生 工 程 detrimental agents 有害因素 joint action 联合作用 deformed bars 变形钢筋 current situation(present situation) 现状 positive sequence 正序 negative sequence 逆序(负 序) fabrication plant 加工厂(加工设备) financial budget 财政预算 divide by 除以
4、The business man concerned with contracts will normally learn about their contents, and
the precise but intricate(复杂难 懂) mode of expression that is common to them and to all legal documents, in his own language. 商人签订合同一般都会熟悉合同 的内容,他们会用自己的语言和 准确且复杂难懂的表达方式制定 所有合法的文件。 5 、 Contractors are usually unwilling to enter into any entire contracts, other than(除了)the very smallest, unless provision is made for interim(临时的) payments to them as the work proceeds. 除了非常小的合同之外,承包商 通常是不愿意签订任何一整套的 合同的,除非有条款规定随着工 程的进行,业主将付给他们相应 的报酬。 6、Actually, the joint action of two materials as dissimilar (不 同的)and complicated as concrete and steel is so complex that it has not yet lent (给予) itself to purely catalytical treatment. 实际上,像混凝土和钢材这样既
理工英语1复习资料.doc
一、交际用语1.-I'm so excited to meet you. May I introduce myself to you?-. B. Sure.2.-Whafs your present job?-. C. I'm a film-maker.3.-Goodbye, everyone.-Bye, Sally!Don't forget to write. A. Stay in touch.4.-We'd be pleased if you could join us for dinner.-. B. Yes, I'd love to.5.-Welcome back, Mr. Smith! How about your business trip in Japan?-. B. Oh, fantastic! Mr. Mark is so satisfied with our project.6.-A: Hello, Bill Burton speaking.-B: Hello, Mr. Burton, Jenny Jenkins of Bradford and Sons returning your call7.- Is there anything I can do?-. B. Thanks, but I can manage.8.- We have to stay at home for a whole day. Why not go out and have a walk?-. B. It sounds like a good idea.9 - Would you like a glass of wine?-. A. No, thanks.10.- Excuse me, can you tell me where the nearest bus stop is?-I'm sorry, I have no idea. I.B. am a stranger here.11.- Excuse me. You must be Mr. Liu Hua from China?-. B. Yes. Nice to meet you.12.- Would you mind joining for the picnic tomorrow?-. A. So sorry. Next time we'll go. Thanks anyway.13.- Susan, what do you think of my plan?-. A. It's reasonable14.- Would you please open this suitcase for me? I can't open it.-・ C. OK, let me see15.-Excuse me. Can you tell me how to get to the Linden Street?—. C. Sorry, I'm new here.16.-I wonder if you could help me take my suitcase and box onto the car. They aare too heavy for me to carry.-. C. My pleasure, sir.17.-Haven't seen you for ages, Mike.-Pretty good. Everything goes well. C. How is it going?18.-will it take me to walk there?-About ten minutes. B. How long19.-Why not dine out together and go to the movies?-. B. Sounds like a good idea.20.-A: I can put you down for eleven o'clock. Is that OK?-B:A. Oh, I'll be having an interview that time. How about 3 o*clock in the afternoon?21.-Mary, ______________-What do you want me to do? C. will you do me a favor?22.-Don't forget to come to our party this weekend!-. A. Sure. See you.23.-I'm going to Hainan for my holiday.-. C. Have a nice trip!24.-Have you had a nice journey?-. A. Mary. Indeed, it's been a very nice journey.25.- __________________-He is not available right now. Can I take a message? A. May I speak to Mark?26.- We'd be pleased if you could join us for dinner.-. A. Yes, I'd be pleased to accept.二、词汇与结构1.-Each apartment only 15 to 30 square meters for one unit. C. takes2.-Can I help you, sir?-rd like to have 100 —. I want my students to draw pictures. B. pieces of paper 3.-You know, this bridge Hong Kong, Zhuhai and Macau. B. connects4-One day they crossed the bridge behind the palace. A. old Chinese stone5.-This box is that one. B. as heavy as6.-I hope you'll working with us in the future. A. enjoy7.-Let's meet at 7:30 outside the gate of. A. the People's Park8.-I really like that car you and I am thinking of buying it. A. recommended9.-Sonia, do you think you are different from Linda?-Yes, I'm at drawing than her. A. better10.-Fd love to with you my new kitchenware. A. share11.-People who do not have wood must spend large amounts of money cooking fuel. B. on12.-Nick a job in a bank, but to our surprise, he didn't take it. C. was offered13.-We two railway tickets online this Monday. B. booked14.-This article deals with the natural phenomenon which most interesting to everyone. B. is15.-It was who wrote those words on the blackboard. A. he16.My agenda is quite full for the whole week, so I can't an appointment with you. C. make17.Jamie wants to speak to me private. B. in18.There a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening. A. was19.How often to the dentist? B. do you go20.For days, smog persisted in many areas. China is to control air pollution.C. taking measures21.Have you filled in the application form your passport yet? A. in22.Miss Liu doesn't mind your homework as long as it is done by yourself.C. your delaying to hand in23.1 suppose you know everything about that event,? C. do you24.you busy with the Singles Day? B. Are25.You know, online shopping has so many. B. advantage26.You can buy almost everything you have access to the Internet and enoughmoney. A. as long as27.The Prize in Economics _ in 1968, that is, more than half a century ago.A.establish28.The job is great in terms of salary. It has its disadvantages,. C. even29.His parents are present there, but their minds are somewhere else.B.apparently30.It is easy to get the software we need the market is small. C. although31.The technological advances made it possible for the middle classes to enjoy what had once been only to the very rich. C. affordable32.Tony has many Chinese. B. stamps33.Architect Mayur Kanaiya spoke of the Langkawi Sky Bridge. C. highly34.Tom is than any other players in the school team. A. tall35.It was to see the students9 excitement when they discovered that simple materials could be used to cook food under the sun and the solar cooking really attracts those creative kids. C. amaze36.The train just three weeks complete a journey that six weeks bysea. C. took-•• to; takes up to37.Td like to have some big apples instead of small. C. it38.In learning a foreign language, one should first pay attention — speaking. A. to39.you free tomorrow?No. I free the day after tomorrow. C. Are; going to be; will be40.For days, smog persisted in many areas. China is to control air pollution.C.taking measures41.Listen to the two girls by the windows. What language —?B. are they speaking42.Besides, you need to protect your password because all the transactionthrough your bank account. C. is fetched43.Separate passwords for every account make difficult for cyber criminals to hack you. A. it44.They also have a camera _ a llows you to take and share photos and video.A. when45.We must find a way to cut prices reducing our profits too much. A. without46.—Which city has population, Beijing, Guiyang or Nanchang?—Beijing, of course. A. largest47.Solar cooking is a cooking method. C. convenient48.The are eating at the foot of the mountain. A. sheep, grass49.The bridge was first to public, almost one year later, after a series of tests and evaluations. A. open50.The bridge two years ago. B. was built51.We are all for your suggestion that the trip . C. be put off52.I'm a business trip for APEC summit, sir. A. on53.is known to the world, Mark Twain is a great American writer. A. As54.You can ask these experts advice in job hunting? C. for55.He a book when the telephone rang. B. was reading56.You can go to Mobile Joker Store, is the nearest mobile phone store from here. A.which57.You will soon the world outside the Smartphone is much more enjoyable.B.realize58 They also have a camera allows you to take and share photos and video.B.which59.the weather improves, we will suffer a huge loss in the tourist industry.C. Unless60.Cleaner heating system will be in Beijing to control air pollution.C.established61.Seldom his wife punish her children for speaking out their own ideas freely.B. have I seen62.Tony is going camping with boys. C. two other little63.一Could you please tell me something about the two ?_ They are exchange students of No.lMiddle School. C. Germans; All right.64.Li Lei is student in our class. C. the tallest65.The book on this subject was written by an old female writer. C. referred to66.Seldom newspapers after she has the second daughter. B. does she read67.If he persists awkward questions, then send him to the boss. A. in asking68.There is no doubt Herbert is the most industrious student in our class.C.that69.Now tell me, how can you separate yourself __ the other person? C. from70.All the trees last summer. A. were planted71.We support the view that poor management will —business failure. C. lead to72.She didn't know _ to express her ideas in English clearly in public. C. how73.We have classes every day Sunday. A. except74.I have an appointment with Mr. Xie at about lOo'clock tomorrow morning, butwould you please it to sometime next week? C. postpone75.一Do you like reading books?一Yes. Each of us to do more reading in and after class. C. is encouraged三、阅读理解Passage 1Building a house costs quite a lot of money. Suppose you plan to build a house. Your first step will be to find a right piece of land. Your choice will depend on many different things. You will probably try to find a sunny place, with pleasant surroundings(环境)near shops and bus stops, not too far from your friends and the place where you work.Next you will find a good builder, and together with the builder you will work out a plan. The builder will draw the plan. It will show the number of rooms, their position and size, and other parts, which must be noticed, such as windows, doors, and electric outlets. The builder will work out how much money is needed to build your house. Hewill work out the cost of the wood, bricks, the glass, and everything else that must be used in building the house. Later on, when he starts to build, this estimate(预算)must be corrected and revised(4彦订). His estimate is based on existing prices, but prices of such things may change, and many other things may happen between the time when he makes the estimate and the time when he builds the house.When the builder gives his estimate, you may wish to change your plan. (You may also wish to change your builder, if his estimate is too high!)You may find that the house you wanted at first costs too much, or that you can spend a little more and add something to your plan. The builder's estimate depends on the plan, but the final plan depends on the builder's estimate.1.The best title of this passage is.C. Planning a House2.The first thing for a person to build a house is.B.to find a suitable piece of land3 ・ The phrase "draw a plan" in this passage means・A.making a picture of a building or a room4.When the builder starts to build a house, his estimate will have to be corrected and revised because.C.The prices of building materials and the expenses(费用)of labor may bedifferent from the original prices and expenses5.What is the relationship(关系)between the estimate and the planC. The estimate and the plan depend on each other.Passage 2The world's longest high-speed railway route, running from Beijing to Guangzhou, has been in operation for a few years. It cuts travel time between the two cities from 22 hours to only 8 hours. With comfortable seats and quiet cabins, this high-speed line offers a pleasant journey for thousands of travelers.The high speed railway connects Beijing with five provincial capitals. Part of the line, from Zhengzhou to Guangzhou, was in operation before the whole line was connected. The opening of the Beijing to Zhengzhou section has connected the entire line. It covers a total length of 2,298 kilometers.The Beijing-Guangzhou line connects one third of China's population and more than 40 percent of its economic power. Travelers benefit from the efficient network, and find that their hometowns are not that far away.As the American publication Newsweek puts it: China is now engaged in a "railway revolution^^. These 350 kilometer per hour high-speed railway trains have made the country's vast territory "substantially smaller”,and changed the country economically.(T ) 26. The world's longest high-speed railway route is from Beijing by Guangzhou.(F ) 27. It takes only 10 hours from Guangzhou to Beijing by train.(T ) 28. The opening of the Beijing to Zhengzhou section has linked with thetotal route.(T ) 29. The Beijing-Guangzhou line connects one third of China's population and more than40 percent of its economic power.(F ) 30. These 350 kilometer per hour high-speed railway trains have made thecountry's vast territory "considerably smaller", and changed the countryeconomically.Passage 3An ebook (also referred to as an electronic book, eBook, or e-book) is a digital version (版本)of a print book that you download and read. But if you want to read an ebook, you must have an Ebook Reader, which is a kind of free software used by your computer. Make sure you have installed the appropriate Reader before you download your ebook from the Internet. The software allows you to turn the words on the screen into the size you like. It also helps you turn pages and change your viewing options (计算机屏幕上的阅读选择).Ebooks are a fun alternative to regular books. You can download them to any computers and create your own library of hundreds of titles. If you load them onto your portable computer, you can take them with you when you travel. Some ebooks are even interactive! Best of all, when you order an ebook, their is no waiting and no shipping charges. The amount of time it takes to download your ebook depends on the speed of your connection and the size of your ebook.1.From this passage, we learn that an ebook.C. can be read when special software is installed2.The Ebook Reader is used for.C. downloading an eboOk from the Internet3.From this passage, we can learn that.A.you can read an ebook on a laptop when you travel4.Which of the following statements is TRUE?C. The downloading time is decided by the ebook's size.5.The passage is mainly about.B. a new kind of book - the EbooksPassage 4Cars are an important part of life in the United States. Without a car most people feel that they are poor. And even if a person is poor he doesn't feel really poor when he had a car.Henry Ford was the man who first started making cars in large numbers. He probably didn't know how much the car was going to affect American culture. The car made the United Stated a nation on wheels. And it helped make the United States what it is today.There are three main reasons why the car becomes so popular in the United States. First of all, the country is a huge one and Americans like to move around in it. The car provides the most comfortable and cheapest form of transportation. With a car people can go anyplace without spending a lot of money.The second reason cars are popular is the fact that the United States never really developed an efficient and inexpensive form of public transportation. Long-distance trains have never been as common in the country as they are in other parts of the world.Nowadays there is a good system of air-service provided by planes. But it is too expensive to be used frequently.The third reason is the most important one, though. The American spirit of independence is what really made cars popular. Americans don't like to wait for a bus, or a train or even a plane. They don* t like to have to follow an exact schedule. A car gives them the freedom to schedule their own time. And this is the freedom that Americans want most to have.The gas shortage has caused a big problem for Americans. But the answer will not be a bigger system of public transportation. The real solution will have to be a new kind of car, one that does not use so much gas.1.We can learn from this passage that Americans.B , travel a lot in their cars2.Which of the following statements is TRUE?C.An American will feel poor unless he has a car.3.In the writer3 4 5 6 7 8 9s opinion, cars are popular in the United States mainly because21.Tower Bridge is.C. the first one you can see when you go from the sea to London22.The Tower of London is.B.on the north of Tower BridgeA.Americans like to plan their own time4 "A nation on wheels" in the second paragraph means that.C. cars play an important part in American life5 The real solution to the gas shortage problem is.C. to make gas-saving carsPassage 5London's River Thames has twenty-seven bridges. But Tower Bridge, the first bridge over theThames as you travel to London from the sea, is the most famous of them all. What makes Tower Bridge so exciting ? Why do visitors come from all over the world to see it ?The thing that is surprising about Tower Bridge is that it is open in the middle. It does this to letthe big ships through to the pool (水域)of London. If you are lucky enough to see the bridge withits two opening arms high in the air, you will never forget it.On its north side stands the Tower of London itself. Although they look the same age, the Tower is almost a thousand years old, and Tower Bridge is only about one hundred years old. It was built in 1890s. By 1850, everyone agreed that a bridge across the Thames near the Tower was most necessary. But the designers argued (争论)about the bridge for another thirty years. This took so long because had two big problems.23.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A.You can see the bridge with its two opening arms high in the air at anytime..24.Why is the bridge open in the middle?C.To let the big ship through to the Pool of London.25.How long was the Tower Bridge built?B. A hundred yearsPassage 6In recent years, the Chinese auto industry has seen rapid growth, with the demand on private cars rising sharply in Chinese cities since 2002.By 2009, China replaced the U.S. to become the world's largest auto market. As an important part of the world car industry, the global auto industry will shift further to China. This brings historical opportunity to China's auto market.Currently, both the development of China's auto market and the changes in consumer demand for vehicles are ever-increasing. China's auto industry will continue to grow in the next decade. It means there is still huge room for its development. China has an urban population of more than 600 million. It also has a huge agricultural vehicle market in the rural areas. Hence, there is no doubt about China's development in the auto industry. That is also the reason why the world's auto producers are paying more attention to the Chinese market.(T )26. The demand on private cars increased greatly in Chinese cities since 2002.(T )27. China has become the world's largest auto market.(F )28. China's auto industry tends to decrease in the next decade.(F )29. China has an urban population of less than 600 million.(T )30. The reason why the world's auto producers are paying more attention to the Chinese market is that China's auto industry developed very quickly. Passage 7Mobile phone has become a problem for middle schools. Some middle schools in Australia have banned (禁止)students from carrying mobile phones during school hours. Mobile phone use among children has become a problemfor theschoolthisyear. Several children have got mobile phones as Christmas gifts, teachers said mobile phone use is a distraction (娱乐)to students during school hours and it also gives teachers so much trouble in their classrooms. Teachers were also saying that sometimes students might use phone messages (消息、)to cheat during exams.She said some schools had tried to ban mobile phones. Some parents felt unhappy because they couldn't get in touch with (与 .......... 联系)their children.Many teachers said students should not have mobile phones at school, but if there was a good reason, they could leave their phones at school office. They also said there were many reasons why the students should not have mobile phones at school: they were easy to lose and were a distraction from studies.Many people say that they understand why parents would want their children to have phones, but they think schools should let the students know when they can use their mobile phones.1.Some middle schools in Australia have banned students from carrying mobilephones. _______C.when they are at school2.We know from the passage that some children get mobile phones from.C. their parents and friends.3.What does the underlined word cheat mean in the passage?B.作弊4.Some parents felt unhappy because they couldn't during school hours.B.get in touch with their children5.The passage tells us that.A.students shouldn't have mobile phones at school except for some special reasons Passage 8One of the masterpieces of modern architecture, the fantastic Hangzhou Bay Bridge has been opened to the public since May 2008.The Bridge is an S-shaped stayed-cable bridge with six lanes in both directions and links Ningbo's Cixi county to the south and to Jiaxing in the north. It shortens the highway travel distance between Ningbo and Shanghai by 120 kilometers, and reduces the driving time from 2.5 to 4 hours.It is the longest sea-crossing bridge in the world一36 kilometers (22 miles) long. This fantastic bridge crossing the Hangzhou Bay is expected to have a 100-year lifespan, and has a price tag of 11.8 billion yuan (US$ 1.70 billion).The toll fee is 80 yuan per vehicle. As the bridge has six lanes in both directions, you can be quite sure that you will have a smooth ride.The speed limit is 100 kilometers/62 miles.The first preparations for planning the bridge started a decade ago; close to 600 experts spent nine years on designing the Hangzhou Bay Bridge. Chief Commander of the Bridge Project is Mr. Wang Yong. The bridge was linked in 2007 and an opening ceremony was held on 26th of June. But the Bridge was first open to the public, almost one year later, after a series of tests and evaluations.(F)26. The fantastic Hangzhou Bay Bridge has been opened to the public since May 2010.(T)27. It is the longest sea-crossing bridge in the world一36 kilometers (22 miles) long.(F)28. The toll fee is 100 yuan per vehicle.(T)29. The speed limit is 100 kilometers/62 miles.(F)30. Chief Commander of the Bridge Project is Mr Yang Yong.Passage 9High-speed rail is a type of rail transport that operates significantly faster than traditional rail traffic, using an integrated system of specialized rolling stock and dedicated tracks. While there is no single standard that applies worldwide, new lines in excess of 250 km/hr and existing lines in excess of 200 km/hr are widely considered to be high-speed, with some extending the definition to include much lower speeds(e.g.160 km/hr) in areas for which these speeds still represent significant improvements. The first such system began operations in Japan in 1964 and was widely known as thebullet train. High-speed trains normally operate on standard gauge tracks of continuously welded rail on grade-separated right-of-way that incorporates a large turning radius in its design.Many countries have developed high-speed rail to connect major cities, including Austria, Belgium, China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Poland, Portugal, Russia, South Korea, Sweden, Taiwan, turkey, United Kingdom, United States and Uzbekistan. Only in Europe does HSR cross international borders. China has 16, 000 km of HSR, accounting for 60 percent of the world's total. While high-speed rail is usually designed for passenger travel, some high-speed systems also offer freight service.21.High-speed rail is a type of rail transport that operates significantly thantraditional rail traffic.A.faster22.There is standard that applies worldwide.C.no23.When did The first such system widely known as the bullet train begin operationsin Japan?A.in 196424.The underlined word "freight” in the last paragraph means .B.cargo25.The best title of this passage is .B.The Bullet TrainPassagelOHousing is the living places for human beings. As the population keeps climbing, people in the city have to face the reality that housing is in short supply. To solve this problem, New York city planners are challenging tradition and starting to designmore^micro units".Micros, also known as"hostel-style”apartments, usually offer less than 200 square feet (18.5 square meters) in area. Could you imagine living in 150 square feet (14 square meters)? These units usually have only room for a bed, a table mini-fridge and the basic living essentials.Why is the micro apartment so appealing? The reasons are rather straightforward. It is perfect for single people who don't have a lot of things. It can also meet the need of people who are short on cash but determined to live in their own places.Micro apartments are very common in cities like Tokyo and Hong Kong, where there are so many people living. Now this tiny housingThe micro apartment is an experiment in simplicity in American culture. So small-scale home life is part of a hot trend in U.S.real estate. Some people are proud of it. Some of them can find the humor and fun in their small places. But not everyone is in favor of the trend.26.According to the passage, the next big trend in U.S.real estate is .B.micro apartment27.As the population keeps climbing, people in the city have to face the reality that.A.housing is in short supply28.Why is the micro apartment so appealing?A. It meets the need of someone.29.Micro apartments are very common in some cities like.C.Tokyo30.How do people think of the micro apartment?C.Not everyone is in favor of the trend.四、翻译1.John and his brother differ in personality even if their differences in age are not significant.B.尽管约翰和他哥哥在年纪上相差不大,但他们的个性却不相同。
【基础英语】工程硕士研究生期末考试试题A (闭卷考试)
工程硕士研究生期末考试试题A (闭卷考试)课程名称: 基础英语 学号 姓名Section A (10 points)Directions: In this section there are ten sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the four choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Then write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.1. She had supposed human ingenuity would find ways to overcome food shortages and overpopulation.A. findingsB. clevernessC. curiosityD. inventions2. The powers of the atom are about to be harnessed for ever-greater production.A. hardenedB. convertedC. changedD. utilized3. He had a distinct feeling that something was wrong.A. differentB. clearC. plainD. vague4. Benchmarking deserves credit for inspiring some legendary corporate turnarounds.A. beliefB. honorC. praiseD. money5 Xe rox CEO David Kearns initially launched the successful “Leadership through Quality” program to boost product quality.A. aidB. promoteC. improveD. encourage6. Xerox has been able to reclaim the market leadership position that had one been threatened.A. cry outB. draw backC. call backD. demand back7. Fellow workers on campus have set up a few committees to unite all of them.A. nativeB. guyC. partnerD. colleagues8. The speaker spent several days polishing his speech.A. writingB. readingC. improvingD. editing9. The knocking at the window startled me.A. frightenedB. movedC. objectedD. excited10. She was obliged to abandon her original idea..A. observeB. give upC. changeD. modifySection B (10 points)Directions: In this section, there are ten incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET .11. We _________ red balls for blue, to see if the baby would notice.A. substitutedB. changedC. replacedD. transformed12. He worked so well that he was soon __________ to the position of manager.A. advancedB. reversedC. increasedD. raised13. A commission was set up to _____________ historical houses in the city.A. involveB. preserveC. surviveD. verify14. You can see the house _____________ for years.A. isn’t paintedB. hasn’t paintedC. hadn’t been paintedD. hasn’t been painted15. By 2008, the university__________-20000 postgraduates.A. will be trainedB. had trainedC. will have trainedD. will be training16. He ordered the work ____________.A. starting at onceB. to be started at onceC. to start at onceD. at once to tart17. This room is ___________ hat one.A. three times big thanB. three times as big asC. three times biggerD. bigger three times than18. She found a place in the building ________ she used as her first laboratory.A. whichB. whereC. in whichD. when19. It is the best film________ I’ve ever seen.A. itB. whichC. thatD. what20. He insured his car ___________ he had an accident.A. unlessB. ifC. in caseD. sinceII. Reading comprehension. (1.5 points x 20=30 points)Questions 21-25 are based on the following passage.The black robin is one of the world’s rarest birds .It is a small, wild bird, and it lives only on the island of Little Mangere, off the coast of New Zealand. In 1967there were about fifty black robins there; in 1977there were fewer than ten. These are the only black robins left in the world. The island has many other birds ,of course ,of different kinds ,large and small; these seem to multiply very happily.Energetic steps are being taken to preserve the black robin-to guard those remaining and to increase their number. Detailed studies are going on, and a public appeal for money has been made. The idea is to buy another island nearby as a special home , a “reserve”, for threatened wild life ,including black robins. The organizers say that Little Mangere should then be restocked with the robin’s food-it eats only one kind of seed-and so renewed for it .Thousands of the required plants are at present being cultivated in New Zealand. The public appeal is aimed at the conscience of mankind, so that the wild black robin will not die out and disappear from the earth in our time at least.Is all this concern a waste of human effort? Is it any business of ours whether the black robin survives or dies out? Are we losing our sense of what is reasonable and what is unreasonable?In the earth’s long, long past hundreds of kinds of creatures have evolved, risen to a degree of success-and died out .In the long, long future there will be many new and different forms of life. Those creatures that adapt themselves successfully to what the earth offers will survive for a long time. Those that fail to m eet the challenges will disappear early. That is Nature’s proven method of operation.The rule of selection-“the survival of the fittest”-is the one by which man has himself arrived on the scene .He ,being one of the most adaptable creatures the earth has yet produced ,may last longer than most. Some creatures, certain small animals, insects and birds, will almost certainly outlast man, for they seemeven more adaptable. You may take it as another rule that when ,at last ,man shows signs of dying out ,on other creature will extend a paw to postpone his departure .On the contrary ,he will be hurried out; for Nature ,though fair ,is a hardhearted mistress. She has no favorites.Life seems to have grown too tough for black robins. I leave you to judge whether we should try to do anything about it.21. The black robin is dying out mainly because________.A. people have been very careless about its survival.B. Its only food is becoming exhausted on Little Mangere.C. The other birds on the island have destroyed it.D. The appeal of money has come on the wrong time.22. As regards selection and survival ,the decisive factor seems to be _________.A. the ability to adapt to the changed or changing condition.B. The number of wild life revere that are available.C. The concern and generosity of the public.D. The size of the home, or the amount of space one has to live in.23. “What the earth offers” here means _____________.A. food, drink and air.B. Rivers, forests and hills.B. All conditions that affect life D. Things that are necessary for survival.24.In the last paragraph but one ,the writer says ,“…no other creature will extend a paw to postpone his departure.” It means that ___________.A. man’s friends on earth won’t persuade him to stay on.B. Ot her animals won’t do anything to help man survive.C. Small animals and birds will all come to say good bye.D. Man’s fellow creatures won’t attack him with their paws.25. The essay seems to suggest that ___________.A. man alone is to blame when such a thing happens.B. All creatures are concerned about the survival of others.C. It is a disaster for everyone when one kind of bird dies,D. Nature expects and accepts the dying out of weaker breeds.Questions 26-30 are based on the following passage.Drunken driving—sometimes called America s socially accepted form of murder –has become a national epidemic. Every hour of every day about three Americans on average are killed by drunken drivers, adding up to an incredible 250 000 over the past decade.A drunken driver is usually defined as one with a 0.10 blood alcohol content or roughly three beers, glasses of wine or shots of whisky drunk within two hours. Heavy drinking used to be an acceptable part of the American macho image and judges were lenient in most courts, but the drunken slaughter has recently caused so many well—publicized tragedies, especially involving young children, that public opinion is no longer so tolerant.Twenty states have raised the legal drinking age to 21, reversing a trend in the 1960s to reduce it to 18. After New Jersey lowered it to 18, the number of people killed by 18—20 –year—old drivers more than doubled, so the state recently upped it back to 21.Reformers, however, fear raising the drinking age will have little effect unless accompanied by educational programs to help young people to develop “responsible attitudes” about drinking and teach them to resist peer pressure to drink.Tough new laws have led to increased arrests and tests and in many areas already, to a marked decline in fatalities. Some states are also penalizing bars for serving customers too many drinks. A tavern in Massachusetts was fined for serving six or more double brandies to a customer who was “obviously intoxicated" and later drove off the road, killing a nine- year-old boy.As the fatalities continue to occur daily in every state, some Americans are even beginning to speak well of the l3 years national prohibition of alcohol that began in 1919, which President Hoover called the “noble experiment”. They forget that legal prohibition didn’t stop drinking, but encouraged political corruption and organized crime. As with the booming drug trade generally, there is no easy solution.26. Drunken driving has become major problem in America because _______.A. most Americans are heavy drinkersB. Americans are now less shocked by road accidentsC. accidents attract so much publicityD. drinking is a socially accepted habit in America27. Why has public opinion regarding drunken driving changed?A. Detailed statistics are now available.B. The news media have highlighted the problem.C. Judges are giving more severe sentences.D. Drivers are more conscious of their image.28. Statistics issued in New Jersey suggested that ________.A. many drivers were not of legal ageB. young drivers were often bad driversC. the level of drinking increased in the 1960sD. the legal drinking age should be raised29. Laws recently introduced in some states have _______.A. reduced the number of convictionsB. resulted in fewer serious accidentsC. prevented bare from serving drunken customersD. Specified the amount drivers can drink30. Why is the problem of drinking and driving difficult to solve?A. Alcohol is easily obtainedB. Drinking is linked to organized crimeC. Legal prohibition has already failedD. Legislation alone is not sufficientQuestions 31-35 are based on the following passage.Many things about language are a mystery, and many will always remain so. But some things we do know.First, we know that all human beings have a language of some sort. There is no race of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language, no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one another. Furthermore, in historical times, there has never been a race of men without a language. Second, there is no such thing as a primitive language. There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped, who are, as we say, uncivilized, but the languages they speak are not primitive. In all known languages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing.This has not always been well understood; indeed, the direct contrary has often been stated. Popular ideas of the language of the American Indians will illustrate. Many people have supposed that the Indianscommunicated in a very primitive system of noises. Study has proved this to be nonsense. There are, or were, hundreds of American Indian languages, and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old. There are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with, but they are no more primitive than English and Greek.A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate. That is, each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language.Finally, we know that language changes. It is natural and normal for language to change; the only languages which do not change are the dead ones. This is easy to understand if we look backwards in time. Change goes on in all aspects of language. Grammatical features change as do speech sounds, and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rapidly. Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language.31In the second paragraph the author thinks that_____A. some backward race doesn’t have a language of its own.B. some race in history didn’t possess a language of its own.C.any human race, whether backward or not, has a language.D.some races on earth can communicate without language.32. According to the author, people of undeveloped cultures can have______ languages.A. complicatedB. uncivilizedC. primitive B. well-known33. The author has used American Indian languages as an example to show that they are_______A. just as cold as some well-known languages.B.just as sophisticated as some well-known languages.C.more developed than some well-known languages.D.more complex than some well-known languages.34. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. language is a means of expressing a particular culture.B.All languages can well express their respective cultures.C.American Indian languages are as sophisticated as English.D.Some languages are better than other languages.35. According to the author, language changes are most likely to occur in _______A.grammar.B. pronunciation.C. vocabulary.D. intonation.Questions 36-40 are based on the following passage.There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably ,some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with ,an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual-the sort of environment in which he is reared. If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.The importance of environment in determining an individual's intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth ,and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died ,and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. Mark's I.Q. was l25, twenty-fivepoints higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities ,the twins ,having identical brains , would have been tested at roughly the same level.36. This selection can be titled _____.A. Measuring Your IntelligenceB. Intelligence and EnvironmentC. The Case of Peter and MarkD. Pitfalls for the I. Q. Test37. The best statement of the main idea of the passage is that ____.A. human brains differ considerablyB. the brain a person is born with is important in determining his intelligenceC. environment is crucial in determining a person's intelligenceD. persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence38 According to the passage, the average I.Q.is ______.A.85B.110C.100D.12539. The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that _____.A. individuals with identical brains are seldom tested at the same levelB. an individual's intelligence is determined solely by his environmentC. children reared under average conditions possess average intelligenceD. lack of opportunity hinders the growth of intelligence40. This passage suggests that an individual's I. Q._______.A. can be predicted at birthB. is inherited from his parentsC. stays the same through his lifeD. can be increased by educationIII. Cloze (1×1=10 points)Directions: In this part, there is a passage with ten blanks. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and write the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET.Which hand do you use more? Of course, you do many things 41 riding a bicycle with both. Often you use only one hand. For example, when you play table-tennis, the 42 are that you use your right hand. Most people are right-handed, but " there are 43 of "lefties" in the world; there are over 25 million in North America 44 .Psychologists who study these things tell us that children use both hands 45 well until they are around three. Then they 46 begin to prefer one hand to another. .47 suggest that left-handed people are more creative and more 48 than right-handed people. Not all the news 49 good, though: lefties are also more stubborn and more 50 than right-handed people. They are more likely to suffer from stuttering or to have difficulty learning to read. This is especially true if they were forced to use their right hand as a child.In the past, left-handed people were often cursed and regarded with suspicion or fear. Those days' are gone. Nowadays, in large cities you can usually find special stores selling all kinds of things for left-handed people, such as scissors, golf clubs, guitars and cameras.41. A namely B. when C. such as D. same as42. A answers B. chances C. tendencies D. trends43. A millions B. billions C. thousands D. tens of thousands44. A oneself B. lone C. lonely D. alone45. A equally B. quite C. the same D. surely46. A slowly B. gradually C. steadily D. suddenly47.A Proof B. Fact . C. Evidence D. Story48. A athlete B. athletic C. sportsman D. sportsmanship49. A is B. are C. was D. were50. A angry B. hot-headed C. impulsive D. urgent2.All buildings had been __________ hospitals.3.Though it looked like rain this morning, it has ___________ a fine day.4.The truck was carrying a ________ of bananas.5.The design is worthless for all __________purposes.6.In this competitive world, it is better for any firms to gain technological_________.7.The organization works to _____________ friendship between nations.8. A political dispute ___________six nations may be settled by an agreement between them.9.All this occurred in an already ___________ poor country.10.Why don’t you do something__________ in your spare time?V. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese and write the answer on the answer sheet. (10 points)Water is very important to living things. Without water there can be no life on Earth. All animals and plants need water. Man also needs water. We need water to drink, to cook our food and to clean ourselves. Water is needed in offices, factories and schools. Where else is water needed? Water covers about seventy percent of the Earth's surface. There is water in seas, rivers, lakes, springs(泉) and wells. Water is found almost everywhere, Even in the driest part of the world there is some water in the air. You cannot see it or feel it when it is part of the air. The water in oceans and lakes and streams is a liquid. The water in the air is not a liquid but a gas. We call it water vapor. Clouds are made of water. They may be made of tiny drops of water. They may also be made of snow crystals. Snow crystals are tiny crystals of ice. Ice is frozen water or water that has become solid.VI. Translate the following sentences into English and write the answer on the answer sheet. (10 points)1. 现在人们把电视机当作必备的生活用品之一。
研究生专业英语考试汇总
研究生专业英语考试汇总1.物体放置在太阳下会变热。
Once being placed in the sun, an object becomes hot.2.改变电阻是控制电流的一种方法Changing resistance is a method for controlling the flow of the current.3.图1中用框图表示的电源是一个单相开关逆变器。
The power supply shown in block-diagram in Fig.1 is a single-phase switch-mode inverter.4.正如上面所指出的那样,三相电路只不过是三个单相电路的组合。
A three-phase circuit, as pointed out above, is merely a combination of three single-phase circuits.5.工作于正确电源极性下的晶体管,作用就像放大器。
The transistor working with correctly polarities can work as an amplifier.6.单台发电机的容量越来越大,目的就是满足不断增长的用电需求。
The capacity of individual generators is larger and larger to satisfy the increasing demand of electric power.7.地球绕轴自转,引起昼夜的变化。
The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night.8.电视通过无线电波发射和接受活动物体的图象。
Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves.9.采用这种新装置可以大大地降低废品率。
研究生学术英语-Building-Your-Vocabulary
研究生学术英语Building Your VocabularyUnit 1 Task 1Solitary: adj. 独自的,独立的;单个的;唯一的;隐居的n. 独居者,隐士;单独禁闭Scaffold:脚手架;框架Inscribe: vt. 雕,刻;题写,题献Contour: n. 外形,轮廓;(地图上表示相同海拔各点的)等高线;概要;电路Purport: vt. 声称;意图;意味着;打算n. 意义,要旨;目的,意图Wipe away:擦掉,清除;抹掉Contextual: adj. 上下文的;与语境有关的Axiomatic: adj. <正>公理的;不证自明的;原则的;格言的1.Nowadays, there are hundreds of insurance policise that purport to providecyber insurance coverage. 如今,有数百家保险公司声称提供网络保险。
2.Even modest price competition can easily wipe away a third or more ofoperating income if grocers use lower prices to win customers.如果杂货商用较低的价格赢得顾客,即使是适度的价格竞争也很容易抹去三分之一或更多的营业收入。
3.Oracle Mobile Cloud aims to provide a more contextual user experience,which enable s chatbots to switch seamlessly between unstructured conversation and personalised, structured data exchange.Oracle Mobile Cloud旨在提供上下文更相关的用户体验,使聊天机器人能够在非结构化对话和个性化结构化数据交换之间无缝切换。
西电研究生英语复习资料
西电研究生英语复习资料Unit 11.除非我们共同快速we are on a trajectory for gloal warming tobecome much more intense unless we begin a concerted rapid shift toward a low carbon economy.2.尽管Some of the dire projection may not occur, but in light of thewarning from our best scientists, it would be beyond irresponsible to take the bet.3.我们极大地破坏了大气层,By badly disrupting that envelope, weadversely affect every dimension of human well-being that is tied to the environment.4.诸如干旱、Extreme weather events, such as drought , floods, andsevere storms, become more intense and inflict greater damage to life and property.5.即使我们明天停止气体排放Even if we cut off emissions tomorrow,the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere would continue rising since these gases persist in the atmosphere for a very long time—from decades to thousands of years after they are first emitted depending on the specific type of greenhouse gas.6.如果我们忽视气候变化和依赖石油的风险,。
工程硕士研究生英语基础教程参考资料(unit1-5)
Unit One:My First JobI. Reading Comprehension:1. It can be inferred from the passage that the author's parents used to______. B. suffer from hardship2. The author's first job was to______. C. clean and brighten cars3. It may be inferred from the passage that Detroit was where the author______.D. got help from4. All the following can be used to describe the author's grandmother EXCEPT______. A. rewarding5. The word "they'' (last sentence) refers to______. D: customersIII. Vocabulary and Structure:A.1. They made regular visits to the park on the suburbs during the weekends.2. She was promoted to division manager last year.3. We tried to walk to the park but ended up taking a taxi there.4. His handling of these important issues was highly praised.5. Thomas bought a new hat to replace the one he had lost.6. The movie received generally favorable reviews.。
保研工科类英语六级要求
保研工科类英语六级要求哎呀呀,说起这保研工科类的英语六级要求呀,可真是让我又爱又恨呐。
我有个同学,那可是个标准的学霸,每次说起六级那是一脸的自信。
他跟我说:“六级这关可一定要过呀,而且分数越高越好呢。
”我当时就想,说得倒轻松,这六级哪是那么容易考的呀。
我自己呢,为了这六级也是费了好大的劲儿。
每天早早地就爬起来背单词,那单词书都被我翻得皱巴巴的了。
晚上呢,还得做真题,看着那一堆堆的题目,我真是头都大了。
有次做听力,那语速快得呀,我感觉自己就像个外星人,完全听不懂在说啥,当时那个郁闷呀,真想把耳机扔了。
不过话说回来,这六级对保研工科还真挺重要的。
就拿我们学校来说吧,有的工科专业要求六级至少得 425 分以上呢,这还算是基本要求。
要是想保到更好的学校,那分数就得更高咯。
我听说呀,一些 985 高校的工科专业,保研时六级要求都在 500 分以上呢,甚至像北大光华夏令营,要求六级成绩不低于 580 分,这简直就是天文数字呀,我听了都直咋舌。
我还认识一个学长,他当时为了能在保研时更有竞争力,那是拼命地刷六级分呀。
他每天除了上课就是泡在图书馆里学英语,那认真劲儿,我都佩服得五体投地。
最后他六级考了 550 多分,成功保到了一所特别好的工科大学。
我就想呀,我啥时候能有他那本事就好了。
其实呀,这六级要求高也是有道理的。
毕竟以后要是读了工科的研究生,那得看好多外文文献呢,英语不好可不行。
我有次跟着导师做一个小项目,需要查一些国外的资料,那满篇的英文呀,我看得那叫一个费劲,好多专业词汇都不认识,当时就特别后悔自己没好好学英语。
我也想过要不要去考个雅思或者托福来代替六级呢,可一打听,雅思托福报名费那么贵,而且备考也不容易呀,口语和听力要求都挺高的,我这水平估计短期内也难达到要求,还是乖乖地继续攻六级吧。
我们宿舍还有个哥们儿,六级考了好几次都没过,每次出成绩的时候,他那脸呀,就像霜打的茄子一样,别提多沮丧了。
我们都安慰他说:“别灰心呀,下次再努力。
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英语复习Part1 Vocabulary A(近义词)Labeled = identifiedAcquire = obtainwithdraw = take backassault = attackdeprived = impoverishedin accustomed to=feels at home with accused of = charged withsurvive = come throughabandon = quitdetermined = resolutegrieves = upsetssentimental = emotionalparticular = specialsorely = greatlydeteriorated = degenerated outwardly = seeminglyevident = distinctevery once in a while = at times impact = effectthink of = imagineindependent = freeeffective = usefulas long as = only ifreflection = indicationconstantly = continuously profession = occupationdurable = lastingdefy = disobeygranted = givenmonopolized = controlledstretch = enlargeextra = sparerepresents = symbolizeslower = dropadmit = confessaccount for = lead toviolating = breakingSharply = harshlydispleased = disappointedpuzzles = confusestricks = jokeshurdle = obstacleIncinerate = burnfilters = removesclinging = holdingfast practicable = possible tedious = boringstains = dirty marks indispensable = necessary groomed = traineddissension = disagreement complacent = self-contented propriety=correct behavior spiteful = viciousindefinable = hard-to-express ruffled = made roughcontingent = grouppatronized = frequented eccentricity = strange behavior anonymous = namelesspool = a billiard gamevictims = deathsshred = rayaffluent = well-offsensation = feelingclouded = made unclear innocence = being not guilty shootout = crossfiremarked = celebratedclustered = gatheredsafeguard = protectsoothe = make…comfortablesore = painfulviral = virus-causedthrobbing = painfulspecies = breed of animal prolong = lengthenprescribe = give…as a treatment potent = strongemerging = coning out impoverished = poorPerish = dieappreciable = perceptible violation = infringementutilize = usealleviated = relieved Indiscriminately = unselectively modify = alteradequate = sufficient advocate = support accede = agree to access = admittance exclusively = only acquiescing = submitting prone = inclinedPlotted = charted ominous = menacing restricted = limited conspiring = intriguing promoted = advocated buzz = excitement drafted = chosen embrace = welcomepunch = strong effect cajole = persuading scrubbed = canceled soliciting = asking for decried = condemned Intriguing = interesting marveled = admired complacent = conceited congregate = gather destined = bound vanished = disappeared accelerated = quickened fare = dietchaos = disorderBelittle = underrate permanent = lasting radical = completePart2 Vocabulary B(选择题)Their frugal life style along with funds from…………As I have suggested, the corrections ……..made in the pursuit of optimal relevance. You know e-mail has gone mainstream when Uncle Sam is…….The film was popular with …….,but was not a(an) financial success.Though several months after the terrorist attack, her mind still conjures up a blurred…….--What if it rains tomorrow?—We’ll ………Her suc cess was secured by two factors. In the first place ,she had …….It’s up to the travel companies to warn customers…..Everyone uses cafeteria, from the managing director down to the office boy. Both teams are on good form. Which should make for a great game.During the meeting , she……..and slipped a note into my hand.He soon to know the young kids…..,polishing shoes or running errands.We had to edge sideways along with our arms outstretched against……We had an unspoken agreement not to……..The night before the trip ,we sisters stayed up late…..Left to themselves,………..aggressive as time goes by.What they write can also make a difference to the way………….When he reached twelve his father cut short his education and ………………Some had been finding work a s train and early retirement ……By now the railway had reached ………to travel all the way to Jibuti by train. Dozens of scientific groups all over ………………….of a practical and economic……When we finally managed to get home after the tiring …….My students found the book enlightening: it provided them with an ………………Floods cause billions of dollars worth of property damage annually.Language, culture, and personality may be considered independently of each……. None of the servants were available when Mr smith …….M y brother likes eating very much but he isn’t very particular about the food …Important people don’t often……..work takes up all their time.It is well known that knowledge is …..expansion of mind.All particulars should be carefully checked. Nothing should be taken for granted. After a few rounds of talks, both…….territory dispute to be settled.Mr Morgan can be very sad in private ,though…… extremely cheerful.It suddenly occurred to Anne that…….Bob had suffered in the past five years. Many Europeans explored the continent of Africa in the 19th century.Some people would like to do ,,,,,,,,expect to pick up wonderful bargains in the market.Eventually I gave in and accepted the job on their terms.The papers arrived but were misplaced in the mailroom.It seemed impossible that he would escape detection in the examination.I shall have a companion in the house after all those lonely days.His friends thought he was crazy when he told them ,,,,,,entire vacation exploring a cave.Her ex-husband has access to the once a month.The company aims to extract maximum profit from the newly-developed product. This can purify molecules ranging from a few milligrams……….The teller watched the customer stuffing the ………,sealing it and then writing on the frontShe is very sensitive to her weight, so try not to talk any heavy things in front of her.That is a long distance, so if you go there on foot………..shoes is a must.We know that is a well-known student-led movement.The robber grabbed his victim at the throat and choked her to death.The F1 winner shook the bottle violently and then sprayed champagne from the bottle. He was busy all day long, but mostly it was much ado about nothing.The school authorities will ensure that timely proper action is taken to solve the problem.I think that a forward vision combined with a unique ability to manage risk is the ……On that occasion the demonstrators will march in procession through the town. Naturally such visits can allow only the most superficial understanding of the prison life.It was similar to an indoor meeting because the stadium is compact, with the………A coal fire adds to the attraction of a winter indoors.He was tired and completely ill at ease with the continuous discussion of the matter. His speech was careful and distinct but his words seemed to make no sense.This was leaked to the media ,which began to clamor for stricter control.She was shocked into action by the desperate situation in the slum.He interviewed each senior manager on his perception of the compa ny…….She was kidnapped and physically assaulted at gunpoint.Government posters from the 1930s branded marijuana a“killer drug.”When the water in the pond was drained out, swimmers were all muddied with the ……. The global warming was seen by some people as divine retribution.Educators call for more concerns about the mental health of young people.We spent two nights in the mountains running out of food, … things turned out all right.The 34-year-old professor was said to be labored to death after years of overworking. The housing prices have been on the rise for ten years with the constant economic ……..The average salary of skillful technicians has leapt to 10,000 yuan from 1,000 yuan ……..If you have a small amount of leftover fruits,………..An unsuccessful welfare system helps to perpetuate failure and poverty.He contracted the disease through an insect bite.Some researchers say that yawning is contagious and passes……….Buying all those computers was a costly mistake…………These cells form part of the immune system and help to prevent………The local government is determined to take measures to reduce…….Many recipes in their restaurant can be easily adapted to suit vegetarians.It’s ironic that professional athletes are often ……….The dog is traine d to guide the visually impaired people………….We’ve succeeded in isolating the gene ……….The greatest challenge is strengthening ……….long been susceptible to bribery…. We’ve incorporated many environmentally-friendly features……………The tribe has lived for ge nerations in the inhospitable mountain regions……….. This can have devastating consequences, and may cause……………Medicaid is a state-administered program for…………funded by the federal government.The plant is sensitive to alkaline conditions …………withstands hi gher temperatures.The military government is refusing to transfer power to………Insert the correct coins ,then select ……….,He supposes that technological progress will eliminate the problem………….. Einstein, who worked out his theory ………ripe old age.The boy doesn’t even know that angles……………..called acute angles.A significant proportion of the elderly are dependent ………………..It’s quite common for the elderly to treat ……….fond indulgence.The fact that none of the neighbors…………….baffled the authorities.His p oems epitomize the feelings of the generation…..Because journalists don’t think the congressman constitutes much of………Researchers at the university of san Francisco ……..grant for research on lung cancer.Even the most primitive computer can outstrip the human……………..The patients studied were seen………..beginning of symptoms.Witnesses say the jet crashed shortly after takeoff.This gives the company a competitive advantage over its rivals.Can I have your initial, Mr Davies ?___it’s G Mr G Davies.I’d like a cheeseburger and a regular coke.Fezza, the clothes designer, launched his first collection in 1980.He held onto the naïve belief that this theory………….It is a magnet for tourists, experienced boaters and amateurs alike.The fact that he’s breathing ………….a positive sign.And if you fail to spot these, a quick…………………bookshelf gives it in.After proper consultation and correction………………..set out to……….. Dark figure emerged from the building………………..But all these ideas mean a huge loss of revenue to the trea sury……………Plastic bottles can be recycled into clothing.Mr casey regrets that he will have to decline your kind………..Between 1820 and 1920 some 35 million immigrants reached……….A poll of 700 female registered voters ……………Several hundred people contribut ed articles, photographs……..Woolf’s writing was completely original ----nothing like…………. Coconut is basic ingredient for many curries and …………….It’s difficult for someone……………….the transition to television.Part3 Cloze test(完形填空)Every year Forbes mag azine prints “The Forbes Four Hundred”, a list of the richest individuals in the United States. ……答案:1-5 CBDAA 6-10 BCDBB11-15 CADBC 16-20 DABCCShopping for clothes is not the same experience for a man as it is for a woman.……答案:1-5 BADAC 6-10 BDCCB11-15 BADCB 16-20 ACDCBStandard English is the variety of English which is usually used in print and which is normally taught in schools and to non-native speakers learning the language. …… 答案:1-5 DBCBD 6-10 ACBDC11-15 ACDBB 16-20 ADCDB.People will be alert and receptive if they are faced with information that gets them to think about things they are interested. ……答案:1-5 BACDA 6-10 DBBBD11-15 ACDAB 16-20 AADBCIn primitive societies sick people had to rely on medicine men an d witch doctors. ……答案:1-5 CBADB 6-10 CAACB11-15 AACBB 16-20 CADDDThe family is usually the most important source of psychological support for a cancer patient.答案:1-5 BADCC 6-10 ABCBD11-15 CDABB 16-20 DDCCAWhat causes school killings? ...…答案:1-5 ABCDB 6-10 AAAAC11-15 ABDAA 16-20 CDBBCWhen Wu Yu found she had a sore throat, she thought in was the early symptom of a cold. ......答案:1-5 ABDAB 6-10 DCABD11-15 CAADD 16-20 CBBADWorldwide, almost 99% of the human food supply is plant species and 8 livestock species, small numbers when compared with the estimate 10-30 million species inhabiting our biosphere. ......答案:1-5 BCACD 6-10 ABDBC11-15 ABDAB 16-20 DCACAThe girls in this sixth grade class in East Palo Alto, California, all have the same access to computers as boys. ......答案:1-5 BCDAA 6-10 BACDC11-15 CABCA 16-20 CBDABA great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods derives largely from the advertisements we read. ......答案:1-5 DCCAB 6-10 DCDDA11-15 CBCDA 16-20 BDCDBChildren in the United States are exposed to many influences other than that of their families. ......答案:1-5 CDCBA 6-10 DCBAD. . .。