(完整版)非洲高考真题(2010-2017各省高考真题)修正版
高考英语试题2017年全国各省市高考试题汇编精校Word版真题含答案
2017年高考英语试题全国各省市汇总精校Word版目录本文档为自主命题省份试卷部分，全国各省市高考英语试卷使用情况如下。
全国Ⅰ卷省份：河南、河北、山西、江西、湖北、湖南、广东、安徽、福建；全国Ⅱ卷省份：甘肃、青海、内蒙古、黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、宁夏、新疆、西藏、陕西、重庆、海南、山东；全国Ⅲ卷省份云南、广西、贵州、四川；自主命题省份：北京、天津、江苏、浙江。
－2017年北京卷英语试题Word版高考真题试卷精校版···················－2017年北京卷英语试题Word版高考真题试卷答案·····················－2017年天津卷英语试题Word版高考真题试卷精校版···················－2017年天津卷英语试题Word版高考真题试卷答案·····················－2017年江苏卷英语试题Word版高考真题试卷精校版···················－2017年江苏卷英语试题Word版高考真题试卷答案·····················－2017年浙江卷英语试题Word版高考真题试卷精校版···················－2017年浙江卷英语试题Word版高考真题试卷答案····················绝密★启用前2017年普通高等学校全国招生统一考试（北京卷）英语本试卷共16页，共150分。
【高考试题】2010-2017年全国高考英语试题题分类(附答案) 考点12 说明文类
【高考试题】2010-2017年全国高考英语试题题分类（附答案）考点12 说明文类1．（2015广东）How long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is 1 to live no longer than 120 years. However, 110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live — if he or she is 2 healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce 3 . They wear out, and as a result, we get old and 4 die.Even though we can’t live forever, we are living a 5 life than ever before. In 1900, the average American life span (寿命) was only 47 years, but today it is 75 years!When does old age begin then? Sixty-five may be out-of-date as the 6 line between middle age and old age. After all, many older people don’t begin to experience physical and mental 7 until after age 75.People are living longer because more people 8 childhood. Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many children died of common childhood 9 . Now that the chances of dying 10 are much lower, the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care.0n the whole, our population is getting older. The 11 in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see 12 , not disaster, many men and women in their “golden years” are healthy, still active, and young in 13 if not in age.As the society grows old, we need the 14 of our older citizens. With long lives ahead of them, they need to 15 active and devoted.1．A．designed B．selected C．improved D．discovered 2．A．completely B．generally C．apparently D．extremely 3．A．rapidly B．harmlessly C．endlessly D．separately 4．A．eventually B．hopelessly C．automatically D．desperately 5．A．busier B．longer C．richer D．happier6．A．finishing B．guiding C．waiting D．dividing7．A．stress B．damage C．decline D．failure8．A．survive B．enjoy C．remember D．value9．A．problems B．fears C．worries D．diseases10．A．poor B．young C．sick D．quiet11．A．changes B．recovery C．safety D．increases 12．A．dreams B．chances C．strengths D．choices13．A．mind B．appearance C．voice D．movement 14．A．protection B．suggestions C．contributions D．permission 15．A．sound B．appear C．turn D．stay2．（2015安徽)In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The 36 is that countries around the world have growing mountains of 37 because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.How did we 38 a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to 39 an object than to spend time and money to repair it. 40 modern manufacturing (制造业) and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and 41.Another cause is our 42 of disposable (一次性的) products. As 43 people, we are always looking for 44 to save time and make our lives easier. Companies 45 thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few.0ur appetite for new products also 46 to the problem. We are 47 buying new things. Advertisements persuade us that 48 is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we 49 useful possessions to make room for new ones.All around the world, we can see the 50 of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. To 51 the amount of rubbish and to protect the 52, more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. 53, this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem.Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions 54 throwing them away. We also need to rethink our attitudes about 55. Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.36．A．key B．reason C．project D．problem37．A．gifts B．rubbish C．debt D．products38．A．ace B．become C．observe D．change39．A．hide B．control C．replace D．withdraw 40．A．Thanks to B．As to C．Except for D．Regardless of 41．A．safe B．funny C．cheap D．powerful42．A．love B．lack C．prevention D．division 43．A．sensitive B．kind C．brave D．busy44．A．ways B．places C．jobs D．friends45．A．donate B．receive C．produce D．preserve46．A．adapts B．returns C．responds D．contributes 47．A．tired of B．addicted to C．worried about D．ashamed for 48．A．newer B．stronger C．higher D．larger49．A．pick up B．pay for C．hold onto D．throw away 50．A．advantages B．purposes C．functions D．consequences 51．A．show B．record C．decrease D．measure 52．A．technology B．environment C．consumers D．brands 53．A．However B．0therwise C．Therefore D．Meanwhile54．A．by B．in favour of C．after D．instead of 55．A．spending B．collecting C．repairing D．advertising 3．（2014新课全国I)As a general rule¸all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine (常规) basis．As a matter of fact．we can see this 41 at work in people of all 42 ．For example¸on Christmas morning¸childrenare excited about 43 with their new toys．But their 44 soon wears off and by January those 45 toys can befound put away in the basement．The world is full of 46stamp albums and unfinished models¸each standing as amonument to someone's 47 interest．When parents bringhome a pettheir child 48 bathes it and brushes its fur．Within a short time¸however¸the 49 of caring for theanimal is handed over to the parents．Adolescents enter highschool with great 50 but are soon looking forwardto51 ．The same is true of the young adults going to college．And then¸how many 52 ¸who now complain(抱怨) about the long drives to work．53 drove for hours at a timewhen they first 54 their driver's licenses (执照)? Before people retire¸they usually 55 to do a lot of 56 things¸which they never had 57 to do whileworking．But 58 after retirement¸the golfing¸thefishing¸the reading and all of the other pastimes become asboring as the jobs they 59 ．And¸like the child inJanuary¸they go searching for new 60 ．41．A．principle B．habitC．way D．power42．A．parties B．races C．countries D．ages43．A．working B．livingC．playing D．going44．A．confidence B．interestC．anxiety D．sorrow45．A．same B．extraC．funny D．expensive46．A．well-organized B．colorfully-printedC．newly-collected D．half-filled47．A．broad B．passing C．different D．main48．A．silently B．impatientlyC．gladly D．worriedly 49．A．promise B．burdenC．right D．game50．A．courage B．calmnessC．confusion D．excitement 51．A．graduation B．independenceC．responsibility D．success 52．A．children B．studentsC．adults D．retirees 53．A．carefully B．eagerlyC．nervously D．bravely54．A．required B．obtainedC．noticed D．discovered55．A．need B．learn C．start D．plan56．A．great B．strange C．difficult D．correct57．A．time B．moneyC．skills D．knowledge58．A．only B．well C．even D．soon59．A．lost B．chose C．left D．quit50．A．pets B．toysC．friends D．colleagues4．(2013广东)Number sense is not the ability to count．It is the ability to recognizea l in number．Human beings are born with this ability．2experiments show that many animals are ¸too．For example¸many birdshave good number sense．If a nest has four 'eggs and you remove one¸thebird will not 3 ．However¸if you remove two¸the bird 4leaves．This meansthat the bird knows the 5 between two andthree．Another interesting experiment showed a bird's 6 number sense．A man was trying to take a photo of a crow (乌鸦) that had a nest in a tower¸but the crow always left when she saw him coming．The bird didnot 7 until the man left the tower．The man had an 8 ．He tookanother man with him to the tower．0ne man left and the other stayed¸but they did not 9 the bird．The crow stayed away until the secondman left¸too．The experiment was 10 with three men and then withfour men．But the crow did not return to the nest until all the menwere 11 ．It was not until five men went into the tower and only four leftthat they were 12 able to fool the crow．How good is a human's number sense? It's not very good．Forexample¸babies about fourteen months old almost always notice ifsomething is taken away from a 13 group．But when the number goesbeyond three or four¸the children are 14 fooled．It seems that number sense is something we have in common withmany animals in this world ¸and that our human 15 is not muchbetter than a crow's．1．A．rise B．patternC．change D．trend2．A．Importantly B．SurprisinglyC．Disappointedly D．Fortunately 3．A．survive B．careC．hatch D．notice4．A．generally B．sincerelyC．casually D．deliberately5．A．distance B．rangeC．difference D．interval6．A．amazing B．annoyingC．satisfying D．disturbing7．A．relax B．recoverC．react D．return8．A．appointment B．excuseC．idea D．explanation9．A．fool B．hurtC．catch D．kill10．A．reported B．repeatedC．designed D．approved 11．A．confused B．goneC．tired D．drunk12．A．gradually B．luckilyC．strangely D．finally13．A．single B．smallC．local D．new14．A．seldom B．temporarilyC．merely D．often15．A．sight B．natureC．ability D．belief5．( 2012新课标全国)Body language is the quiet¸secret and most powerfullanguage of all！It speaks 36 than words．According tospecialists¸our bodies send out more．37 than we realize．In fact¸non-verbal (非言语) communication takes up about 50% 0f what we really 38 ．And body 39 whenlanguage is particularly 39 When we attempt tocommunicate across cultures．Indeed¸what is called bodylanguage is so 40 a part of us that it's actually oftenunnoticed．And misunderstandings occur as a result of it．41 ¸different societies treat the 42 between peopledifferently．Northern Europeans usually do not like having 43 contact(接触)even with friends ¸and certainly not with 44 ．People from Latin American countries¸45 ¸touch each other quite a lot．Therefore¸it's possible that in 46 ¸it may look like a Latino is 47a Norwegian all over the room．The Latino¸trying to expressfriendship．will keep moving 48 ．The Norwegian¸veryprobably seeing this as pushiness¸will keep 49 —which the Latino will in return regard as 50．Clearly¸a great deal is going on when people 51 ．And only a part of it is in the words themselves．And whenparties are from 52 cultures¸there's a strong possibilityof 53 ．But whatever the situation¸the best 54 isto obey the Golden Rule: treat others as you would liketobe 55 ．36．A．straighter B．louderC．harder D．further37．A．sounds B．invitationsC．feelings D．messages 38．A．hope B．receiveC．discover D．mean 39．A．immediate B．misleadingC．important D．difficult40．A．well B．farC．much D．long41．A．For example B．ThusC．However D．In short42．A．trade B．distanceC．connections D．greetings43．A．eye B．verbalC．bodily D．telephone 44．A．strangers B．relativesC．neighbours D．enemies45．A．in other words B．on the other handC．in a similar way D．by all means46．A．trouble B．conversationC．silence D．experiment．47．A．disturbing B．helping C．guiding D．following48．A．closer B．fasterC．in D．away49．A．stepping forward B．going onC．backing away D．coming out 50．A．weakness B．carelessnessC．friendliness D．coldness 51．A．talk B．travelC．laugh D．think52．A．different B．EuropeanC．Latino D．rich53．A．curiosity B．excitementC．misunderstanding D．nervousness 54．A．chance B．timeC．result D．advice55．A．noticed B．treatedC．respected D．pleased6．( 2010安徽)Most people give little thought to the pens they writewith¸especially since the printers in modern homes andoffices mean that very 36 things are handwritten．All toooften¸people buy a pen based only on 37 ¸and wonderwhy they are not satisfied 38 they begin to use it．However¸buying a pen that you'll enjoy is not 39 if youkeep the following in mind．First of all¸a pen should fit comfortably in your handand be 40 to use．The thickness of the pen is the most important characteristic (特征) 41 comfort．Having a small hand and thick fingers¸you may be comfortable with athin pen．If you have a 42 hand and thicker fingers¸youmay 43 a fatter pen．The length of a pen can 44 influence comfort．A pen that is too 45 can easily feel top-heavy and unstable．Then¸the writing point of the pen should 46 the ink to flow evenly(均匀地) while the pen remains in touch with the paper．47 will make it possible for you to createa 48 line of writing．The point should also be sensitiveenough to 49 ink from running when the pen is lifted．Apoint that does not block the 50 may leave drops of ink51 you pick the pen up and put it down again．52 ¸the pen should make a thick¸dark line．Fineline pens may 53 bad handwriting¸but fine¸delicate lines do not command 54 next to printed text¸as¸55 ¸a signature on a printed letter．A broader line¸on the other hand¸gives an impression of confidence and authority (权威)．36．A．many B．fewC．pleasant D．important37．A．looks B．reasonC．value D．advantages38．A．once B．if C．because D．though39．A．convenient B．practicalC．strange D．difficult40．A．heavy B．easy C．hard D．safe41．A．taking B．findingC．determining D．seeking 42．A．stronger B．weaker C．smaller D．larger43．A．prefer B．recommendC．prepare D．demand 44．A．hardly B．also C．never D．still45．A．thick B．light C．long D．soft 46．A．change B．allow C．reduce D．press47．A．They B．0ne C．This D．Some48．A．thin B．rough C．black D．smooth49．A．prevent B．free C．protect D．remove50．A．way B．sight C．flow D．stream51．A．so B．as C．and D．yet 52．A．Meanwhile B．GenerallyC．Afterwards D．Finally53．A．show up B．differ fromC．break clown D．compensate for 54．A．attention B．supportC．respect D．admission55．A．at most B．for exampleC．in brief D．on purpose第二部分完形填空考点12 说明文答案1．（2015广东）1．A【解析】此处表示我们人体的设计就是最长活到120岁。
【精品】2010-2017年高考英语试卷短文改错★ 答案
【精品】2010－2017年高考英语试卷短文改错★答案1. 2017全国卷1In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was. Before getting into the car,I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes blank. I forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up!”“Slow down!”“Turning left!” I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.2. 2017全国卷2Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school.They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day. In their spare time,they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together. They have also bought for some gardening tools. Beside, they often get some useful informations from the Internet. When summer came, they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables!3. 2017全国卷3When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies.I had grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years. About one month after this photo was took , I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club. Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the late music albums.This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.4. 2016全国一卷My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that 1 live . Though not very big , but the Restaurant is popular in our area . It is always crowded with customers at meal times . Some People even had to wait outside. My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking. My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time.Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady.5. 2016全国2卷The summer holiday is coming.My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday. We can chose between staying at home and take a trip. If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money. But in that case, we will learn little about world. Ifwe go on a trip abroad, we can broaden you view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. I thought that it is a good idea. It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot.6. 2016全国3卷The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. They were also the best and worse years in my life. At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself. However, my parents didn’t seem to think such. They always tell me what to do and how to do it. At one time, I even felt my parents couldn’t understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them. I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes. Now I am leaving home to college. At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.7. 2015全国I卷When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. There the air is clean or the mountains are green. Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. Much rare animals are dying out. We must found ways to protect yourenvironment. If we fail to do so, we’ll live to regret it.8. 2015全国II卷One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent. It was very crowded. Tony saw a toy on a shop window. He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop. After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing. Tony was scared and begun to cry. A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop. Five minutes later, Tony saw parents. Mom said,“How nice to see you again! Dad and I were terrible worried.” Tony promised her that this would never happen again.9. 2014年全国I卷Nearly five years before ,and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes（圣女果）in our back garden . Since then---for all these year---we had been allowing tomatoes to self seed where they please .As result,the plants are growing somewhere. The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste. There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors .Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems.We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost!10. 2014年全国II卷My dream school starts at 8:30 a.m and ends at 3:30 p.m. They arethree lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon. We didn’t need to do so many homework. Therefore , we have more time with after-school activities.For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.My dream school look like a big garden.There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings. We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sat by the lake listening music. The teachers here are kind and helpfully. They are not only our teachers but also our friends.11. 2013年新课标1I hardly remember my grandmother. She used to holding me on her knees and sing old songs. I was only four when she passes away. She is just a distant memory for me now.I remember my grandfather very much.He was tall, with broad shoulder and a beard that turned from black toward gray over the years. He had a deep voice,which set himself apart from others in our small town,he was strong and powerful.In a fact, he even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me. However, he was the gentlest man I have never known.12. 2013年新课标2The book I’m reading of talks about afternoon tea in Britain．It is said to have started in the early 1800’s．Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be serveduntil 8 o’clock at night．This custom soon becomes another meal of day．Interesting,it had a connection by the British porcelain（瓷器）industry. Tea in China was traditionally drank from cups without handles．When tea got popular in Britain, there was a crying need for good cup with handles to suit British habits．This made for the grow in the porcelain industry．13. 2012新课标全国卷I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive.From the time I was about four until I was about six, I destroyed each of my toy. I was happy when the toys worked, but when things did wrong, I got angry and broke it. For a while parents bought me new toys.But before long they began to see which was happening. When I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train, my father said, "That's it. No more toys to you." My punishment lasted a year. Meanwhile, I found out that with more patience I must make my toys to last. My attitude changed from then on.14. 2012年（全国卷I）Every one of us can make a great efforts to cut off the use of energy in our country. To begin with, all of us can start reducing to the use of oil by driving only when we have a real need. That won't easy, I know，but we have to start anywhere. What's more, we can go to work by bike once and twice a week, and we can also buy smaller cars that burnless oil. Other way is to watch our everyday use of water and electric at home. For example, how many times have you walked out of a room and leave the lights or television when no one else was there?15. 2012年（全国卷II）Dear Editor,I’m writing to tell you opinion about water saving. Water is important. We, as well as animal,cannot live without water and neither agriculture or industry can go without it. Yet it seemed water is becoming less and less. Many coun tries in the world find we don’t have enough water. To deal with a problem, I think, we should first go all out to plant trees though trees will help save water. Next, no drinking water should left running. Third, we should find ways to reuse the water using in washing, especially bath water for which is quite a lot, and that will save much water.Sincerely,Li Hua16. 2011新课标全国卷My summer travel started terribly.I was at the Shanghai Railway Station buy a ticket to Hangzhou. I was going to visit a friend here and after that I would go to Xiamen for long holiday. I bought my ticket but turned around to pick up my bag from the floor and then I realized thatsomeone had stolen it. Luckily I had all my money on my pocket, but the only clothes I had was those I had on.It felt very strange to travel without any luggages. When I finally arrived at my friend he lent to me lots of clothes. I feel very happy that I could change my clothes at last. 17. 2011年（全国卷I）One of my unforgettable memory of my school in Xinjiang is that of lunches we brought from our homes. I hold my lunch-box in my hand when I was going to school.The smell from it was very good. Since the lunch bell finally rang, my friends and me met under a tall tree and had our lunches. My best friend Aigulie was used to share her Nang with me. Nang is a specially kind of cake in Xinjiang.I like them very much. Now Aigulie and I study at different colleges or we can only see each other during the summer vacation. I think over her a lot and I miss the food and the good time we had together.18. 2011年（全国卷II）Dear George,It's been a week after we left your family and we are now back home. Thank you very much for showing them around your city and providing us for the wonderful meals. After we said goodbye to you, we went to Washington D.C. ,that we stayed for three days. My brother was so much fond of the museums there that he begged my parents to staying another couple of day. However, my father had to return to work on Monday so。
高考地理专题非洲试题及答案
江苏省白塔中学2009届高三地理一轮复习专题世界地理复习――非洲部分第一部分基础知识【填图】1、大西洋、印度洋、地中海、红海、苏伊士运河、直布罗陀海峡、莫桑比克海峡（世界最长的海峡）2、索马里半岛、马达加斯加岛（非洲最大的岛屿）、几内亚湾（非洲最大的海湾）、好望角3、撒哈拉沙漠（世界上最大的沙漠）、刚果盆地、东非高原、南非高原、埃塞俄比亚高原（“非洲屋脊”）、阿特拉斯山脉、德拉肯斯山脉、乞力马扎罗山（非洲最高峰，5895米）4、尼罗河（世界最长的河，注入地中海）、刚果河（非洲水力资源最丰富的河，年径流量仅次于亚马孙河居世界第二位）、尼日尔河、赞比西河（东非大裂谷的起点，注入印度洋）、维多利亚湖（非洲最大的湖，世界第二大淡水湖）、二、综合题1、读图，回答下列问题。
(1)图中①~④四城市中，________(填城市代号)是沙特阿拉伯首都。
(2)城市②所在地区属于________气候，该气候的突出特点是________。
(3)城市①所靠近的海是________海，其表层海水的盐度________(高于或低于)35‰，原因是__________________________。
2、读图，回答下列问题。
(1)A处为________(海域)，B处为________(海域)。
(2)图中岛屿名称为_____，其东部气候类型为_____。
(3)洋流的名称为甲________，乙________。
(4)图中①、②、③三地降水量多少顺序哪个正确( )A.①＜②＜③B.③＜②＜①C.①＜③＜②D.②＜①＜③3、读图，完成下列各题：(1) 在“气候类型分布图”中，纬线A为，它从非洲中部穿过；本区大部分处于纬线 B 和 C 之间，因而温度较。
（2）图中A附近受气压带控制，盛行气流，降水，因而形成①气候类型区；该气候类型相应的“气温—降水曲线”为 a或b。
（3）图中②为气候区，这一地区分为明显的两季；从降水柱状图中判断月到月是湿季。
校对 非谓语动词高考真题(2004-2010)
非谓语动词高考真题(2004— 20102010年高考题(10福建25. Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, to Y ushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake.A. sendingB. to sendC. having sentD. to have sentabroad due to the volcanic ash cloud. A. sticking B. stuck C . to be stuck D. to have stuck(10上海with her stories. A. amused B. amusing C. to amuse D. to be amused, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.A. ApproachingB. ApproachedC. To approachD. To be approachedthe overuse of water in students' bathrooms. A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce(10安徽30. He had a wonderful childhood, _____with his mother to all corners of the worldA. travelB. to travelC. traveledD. traveling(10湖南for help?A. callingB. call C . to call D. calledfor months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.A. strugglingB. struggledC. having struggledD. to struggleA. discoveredB. to be discoveredC. discoveringD. having discovered(10江西24 The lady walked around the shops, _______ an eye out for bargains.A keepB keptC keepingD to keep32 There were many talented actors out there just waiting ______.A to discoverB to be discoveredC discoveredD being discovered(10山东23. I have a lot of readings _____ before the end of this term.A. completingB. to completeC. completedD. being completed(10天津12. It rained heavily in the south,A. causedB. having causedC. causingD. to cause(10四川4. A great number of students said they were forced to practise the piano.A. to questionB. to be questionedC. questionedD. questioning17. The lawyer listened with full attention, .A . not tryingB . trying notC . to try notD . not to try(10全国Ⅰ27.Mrs.White showed her students some old maps ______ from the library.A. to borrowB. to be borrowedC. borrowedD. borrowing34. With Father’s Day around the corner ,I have taken some money out of the bank ______ presents for my dad.A. buyB. to buyC. buyingD. to have bought(10江苏28. The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu ,________the students to return to their classrooms.A. enablingB. having enabledC. to enableD. to have enabled(10 陕西16._____ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees .A. SeenB. SeeingC. Having seenD. To seenext month is based on a true story.A. publishedB. to be publishedC. to publishD. being published(10全国Ⅱ11.Though_________to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.A. urprisingB. as surprisedC. urprised D being surprised(10湖北72. ________(油漆成 red, the building stands out among the rest and looks very attractive. (paint 75. After she completes the project, she’ll have ________(没什么要担心的 . (worry(10辽宁25.W e were astonished _______ the temple still in its original condition.A . findingB . to findC . findD . to be found(10辽宁35.Alexander tried to get his work _______in the medical circles.A. to recognizeB. recognizingC. recognizeD. recognized(10北京21. at my classmates' faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.A. LookingB. LookC. To lookD. Looked25. I'm calling to enquire about the position in yesterday's China Daily.A. advertisedB. to be advertisedC. advertisingD. having advertised(10重庆30. The news shocked the public, _______to great concern about students’ safety at school.A. having ledB. ledC. leadingD. to lead34. Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one ______first is the library.A. repairedB. being repairedC. repairingD. to be repaired(10浙江20. The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and ____ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.A. being weighedB. to weighC. weighedD. weighing2009年高考题1. (09安徽 28A. producedB. being producedC. to be producedD. having been produced2 (09北京 24For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _____ on his own farm.A. grownB. being grownC. to be grownD. to grow K3. (09北京 27The way the guests _____ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the serviceA. treatedB. were treatedC. would treatD. would be treated 4. (09北京 28All of them try to use the power of the workstation ___ information in a more effective way. A. presenting B. presented C. being presented D. to present5. (09北京 34___ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.A. Being bittenB. BittenC. Having bittenD. To be bitten6. (09福建 32not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.A. RemindingB. RemindedC. To remindD. Having reminded7. (09福建 34In April, 2009, President Hu inspected the the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy.A. markingB. markedC. having markedD. being marked8. (09湖南 23, he found his keys were nowhere.A. would openB. openedC. had openedD. was to open9. (09湖南 25At the age of 29, Dave was a worker,do about his future.A. living; wonderingB. lived; wonderingC. lived; wonderedD. living; wondered10. (09湖南 29.A. reusingB. reusedC. reusesD. to be reused11. (09湖南 31Please do me a favor — ______ my friend Mr. Smith to Youth Theater at 7:30 tonight.A. to inviteB. invitingC. inviteD. invited12. (09江西 22_________ the right kind of training , these teenage soccer players may one day grew the international stars.A. GivingB. Having givenC. To giveD. Given13. (09江西 34The government plans to bring in new laws _____ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children.A. forcedB. forcingC. to be forcedD. having forced14 (09海南 30A. looked atB. to look atC. to looking atD. look at15. (09海南 35Now that we’ve discussed out problem, are people happy with the decisions?A. takingB. takeC. takenD. to take16. (09山东 22W e are invited to a party _________in our club next Friday.A. to be heldB. heldC. being heldD. holding17. (09陕西 12to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.A. to takeB. to be takenC. takingD. being taken18. (09上海 31A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, _____all four people on board. A. killed B. killing C. kills D. to kill19. (09上海 33With the government’s aid, those _____ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. A. affect B. affecting C. affected D. were affected20. (09上海 35Bill suggested _____ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation. A. having held B. to hold C. holding D. hold21. (09上海 39David threatened his neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid.A. to be reportedB. reportingC. to reportD. having reported22. (09四川 4Ladies and gentlemen, please remain __________ until the plane has come to a complete stop. A. seated B. seating C. to seat D. seat23. (09四川 2He told us whether _________ a picnic was still under discussionA. to haveB. havingC. haveD. had24 (09四川 10________ many times, he finally understood it.A. ToldB. TellingC. Having toldD. Having been told25. (09天津 4______ the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.A. CompetingB. Having completedC. To have completedD. To complete26. (09天津 9_____ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land. A. Being encouraged B. EncouragingC. EncouragedD. Having encouraged27. (09浙江 3_______and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.A. the; aB. TiredC. TiringD. Being tired28. (09浙江 7There is a great deal of evidence _______ that music activities engage different parts of the brain. A. indicate B. indicating C. to indicate D. to be indicating29. (09重庆 25Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, ______with h is old one.A. comparingB. comparesC. to compareD. compared30. (09重庆 29A. dealB. dealtC. to dealD. dealing31. (09全国Ⅱ 16A. being runB. runC. to runD. running32. (09江苏 26Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last yearA. helpB. to have helpedC. to helpD. having helped33. (09江苏 32the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni (校友 from home and abroad.A. AttendB. To attendC. AttendingD. Having attended2008年高考题1.(08全国Ⅰ 26I like getting up very early in summer .A.to be breathedB.to breatheC.breathingD.being breathed2.(08北京 31— Did the book give the information you needed?— Y , I had to read the entire book.A.to findB.findC.to be findingD.finding3.(08北京 32into their society.A.to welcomeB.welcomingC.to be welcomedD.welcomed4.(08北京 35It is worth considering what makes“convenience” foods so popular, better ones of your own.A.introducesB.to introduceC.introducingD.introduced5.(08天津 4, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.A.To throwB.ThrownC.ThrowingD.Being thrown6.(08江西 24I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mentionwhen we talked on the phone.A.to promoteB.having been promotedC.having promotedD.to be promoted7.(08江西 28WA.allowingB.to allowC.allowedD.allows8.(08湖南 26in the storm have been moved off the road.A.being blown downB.blown downC.blowing downD.to blow down9.(08湖南 30the project as planned, we’ll ha ve to work two more hours a day.pletingpletepletedD.To complete10.(08湖南 34Susan wanted to be independent of her parents.She alone , but she didn’t like it and moved back home.A.livingB.to liveC.to be livingD.having lived11.(08陕西 14around the W ater Cube , we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.A.Having shownB.To be shownC.Having been shownD.To show12.(08四川 14WA.waitB.to be waitingC.waitedD.waiting13.(08重庆 29to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.A.FailB.FailedC.To failD.Having failed14.(08浙江 10that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.A.Not realizedB.Not to realizeC.Not realizingD.Not to have realized15.(08浙江 13on the Internet so far this year.A.findingB.being foundC.to findD.found16.(08福建 22in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car .A.W aitingB.To waitC.Having waitedD.To have waited17.(08福建 33—— No problem.A.seatB.sitC.seatedD.sat18.(08辽宁 27He was busy writing a story, once in a while to smoke a cigarette.A.to stopB.stoppingC.to have stoppedD.having stopped19.(08辽宁 31A.seatingB.seatedC.to seatD.to be seated20.(08江苏 34To learn English well , we should find opportunities to hear much as we can.A.speakB.speakingC.spokenD.to speak21.(08山东 35Lucy’s new job paid twice as much as she had madein the restaurant.A.workingB.workC.to workD.worked22.(08北京 24that she was going off to sleep, I asked if she’d like tha t little doll on her bed.A.SeeingB.To seeC.SeeD.Seen2007---2004年高考题1.(07全国Ⅰ 25—— Agreed!A.arrivedB.arrivesC.to arriveD.arriving2.(07全国Ⅱ 12At the beginning of class, could be heard outside the classroom. A.opened and closed B.to be opened and closedC.being opened and closedD.to open and close3.(07上海 35you to stay, so I wish you good luck.A.being persuadedB.persuadingC.to be persuadedD.to persuade4.(07安徽 30— Robert is indeed a wise man.— Oh , his advice!A.to takeB.takingC.not to takeD.not taking5.(07江西 24When asked why he went there, for a space flight.A.trainingB.being trainedC.to have trainedD.to be trained6.(07湖南 34“Things never come again!”I couldn’t help talking to myself.A.lostB.losingC.to loseD.have lost7.(07陕西 15that she didn’t do a good job, I don’t think I am abler than her.A.To have saidB.Having saidC.To sayD.Saying8.(07四川 26his grandma would come to see him soon.A.saidB.saysC.sayingD.to say9.(07重庆 28Leonardo da birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free.A.is said to be buyingB.is said to have boughtC.had said to buyD.has said to have bought10.(07浙江 9.A.to be heardB.to have heardC.hearingD.being heard11.(06北京 28There have been several A.add B.to add C.adding D.added12.(06北京 35I can’t stalking whileshe works.A.working;stoppingB.to work;stoppingC.working;to stopD.to work;to stop13.(06天津 7A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending , but the reader must not be .A.unsatisfiedB.unsatisfyingC.to be unsatisfyingD.being unsatisfied14.(06天津 10Don’t respond to any e, no matter how official they look.A.searchingB.askingC.requestingD.questioning15.(06福建 33for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.A.BlamingB.BlamedC.To blameD.To be blamed16.(06湖南 21the desert.A.coveringB.coveredC.coverD.to cover17.(06湖南 33As the twentieth century came to a close, the raw materials for a great national literature were at hand,A.to useB.to be usedC.to have usedD.to be using18.(06湖北 34Don’t sit e and help me with this table.A.doB.to doC.doingD.and doing19.(06山东 29Five people won the “China’s Green Figure”award ,their contributions to environmental protection.A.being givenB.is givenC.givenD.was given20.(06江西 29After he became conscious, on the head with a rod.A.to attack;hitB.to be attacked;to be hitC.attacking;be hitD.having been attacked;hit21.(06江西 32.A.to makeB.to be madeC.makingD.being made22.(05全国Ⅲ 18While watching television,A.the doorbell rangB.the doorbell ringsC.we heard the doorbell ringD.we heard the doorbell rings23.(05北京 32The prize of the game show is $30, vacation to China.A.payingB.paidC.to be paidD.being paid24.(05上海 33into use in April , 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.A.PutB.PuttingC.Having putD.Being put25.(05上海 35It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours look at the sports stars.A.hadB.havingC.to haveD.have1.(07全国Ⅰ 29in the kitchen.Can I call you back in a minute?A.burningB.burntC.being burntD.to be burnt2.(07上海 36in the 1880’s was the most distinguished building at that time.A.to be completedB.having been completedpletedD.being completed3.(07天津 6The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, in the natural light during the day.A.to letB.lettingC.letD.having let4.(07安徽 29John received an invitation to dinner, he gladly accepted it. A.finished B.finishing C.having finished D.was finished5.(07四川 35A.wateredB.wateringC.waterD.to water6.(07重庆 25The children went home from the grammar school, for the day.A.finishingB.finishedC.had finishedD.were finished7.(07浙江 20by a greater demand for vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.A.DrivenB.Being drivenC.To driveD.Having driven8.(07福建 26— Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.— , I almost break down.A.filledB.fillingC.to fillD.being filled9.(07福建 24Jenny hopes that Mrshort period.A.improvedB.improvingC.to improveD.improve10.(07辽宁 29The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang,in the 110-meter hurdle race.A.breakingB.having brokenC.to have brokenD.to break11.(06安徽 21My cousin came to see me from the country, me a full basket of fresh fruits. A.brought B.bringing C.to bring D.had brought12.(06安徽 35Mr .Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, A.blamed B.blaming C.to blame D.to be blamed13.(06江苏 30Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly,same thing.A.sayingB.saidC.to sayD.having said14.(06江苏 32— There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man.—My goodness!I can’t imaginethat old.A.to beB.to have beenC.beingD.having been15.(06四川 33with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.A.FacedB.FaceC.FacingD.To face16.(06陕西 13the decision without any consideration.A.acceptB.acceptingC.to acceptD.accepted17.(05全国Ⅲ 20“Y ou can’t catch me!” Janet shouted,A.runB.runningC.to runD.ran18.(05北京 30When asked by the police, at the party, but not . A.to arrive;leaving B.to arrive;to leave C.arriving;leaving D.arriving;to leave19.(05上海 32He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t riskthe goodopportunity.A.to loseB.losingC.to be lostD.being lost20.(05上海 36More and more people are signing up for yoga classes nowadays,health and relaxation benefits.A.takingB.takenC.having takenD.having been taken21.(05湖南 22in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.A.DressedB.To dressC.DressingD.Having dressed 22.(05湖南 34I send you 100 dollars today, in a year.A.followsB.followedC.to followD.being followed23.(05山东 27Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4.A.have reachedB.reachingC.to reachD.to be reaching24.(05江西 30him when you know him better.A.likingB.to be likeC.to likeD.to be liking25.(04上海 35The disc, , sounded fantastic at the party that night.A.recordedB.recordingC.to be recordingD.having recorded26.(04上海 42Having been attacked by terrorists, .A.the tall building collapsedB.doctors came to their rescueC.an emergency measure was takenD.warnings were given to tourists27.(04上海春 42After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, .A.exhaustingB.exhaustedC.being exhaustedD.having exhausted28.(04辽宁 30by the beauty of nature , the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.A.AttractingB.AttractedC.To be attractedD.Having attracted.29.(04江苏 31The old man, abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.A.to workB.workingC.to have workedD.having worked30.(04四川 28“W e can’t go out in this weather, ”said Bob, .A.lookingB.to lookC.lookedD.having looked2010年高考题25. 答案:A考点:非谓语动词解析:表示伴随。
2000-2019年地理高考真题非洲部分综合题节选
2000-2019年高考真题非洲部分综合题节选一、北非（2011.江苏）图15为北非简图，图16为甲、乙两地气温和降水统计图。
1.（1）比较甲、乙两地气温和降水的差异，并从气压带、风带的移动规律分析产生上述差异的原因。
（2）乙地发展农业的有利条件有哪些。
（3）该地区大多数城镇分布在沿海的原因有哪些。
（4）影响该地区陆路交通布局的主要因素有哪些。
二、东非（2019·04浙江）材料一：图1为坦桑尼亚略图。
图2为图1中乙地降水量统计图。
图1图2材料二：坦桑尼亚矿产资源丰富，境内大部分地区为高原，东部沿海地区有狭窄平原。
自然保护区众多，约占国土面积的1/3。
该国经济欠发达，交通、电力等基础设施相对落后。
近年来，坦桑尼亚实施经济改革，东部沿海地区吸引了大量外资，经济获得了较快发展。
2.（1）甲地处于内流区，简述该内流区形成的自然条件。
（3分）（2）该国东部地区河流不宜发展航运，说明其自然原因。
(3分)（3）与开发水电相比，有人认为该国更宜利用天然气发电，请说明理由。
（5分）（4）简述该国规划建设图中经济走廊的主要目的。
（4分）(2017.新课标1）麻是一种热带经济作物。
剑麻纤维韧性强，耐海水腐蚀，是制作船用缆绳、汽车内衬、光缆衬料等的上乘材料。
非洲坦桑尼亚曾是世界最重要的剑麻生产国，被称为“剑麻王国”。
自1999年，中国某公司在坦桑尼亚的基洛萨（位置见图5）附近投资兴建剑麻农场，并建设配套加工场，所产剑麻纤维主要销往我国。
该农场一期种植1000多公顷，雇佣当地长期和临时工超过1000人，预计2020年种植面积达3000公顷，年产剑麻纤维1万吨。
该公司还帮助当地修建学校、卫生所等。
3.（1）根据剑麻生长的气候条件和用途，说明我国国内剑麻纤维产需矛盾较大的原因。
（8分）（2）据图指出与其他地区相比，中国公司在基洛萨附近兴建剑麻农场的有利条件。
（4分）（3）说明剑麻收割后需要及时加工的原因。
（4分）（4）简述当地从中国公司兴建剑麻农场中获得的利益。
2010-2017北京高考真题七选五及答案
2010-2017北京高考七选五汇编及答案2010北京高考MuzakThe next time you go into a bank, a store, or a supermarket, stop and listen. What do you hear?71 It's similar to the music you listen to, but it's not exactly the same. That's because this music was especially designed to relax you, or to give you extra energy. Sometimes you don't even realize the music is playing, but you react to the music anyway.Quiet background music used to be called "elevator (电梯) music" because we often heard it in elevators. But lately we hear it in more and more places, and it has a new name "Muzak". About one-third of the people in America listen to "Muzak" every day. The music plays for 15 minutes at a time, with short pauses in between. It is always more lively between ten and eleven in the morning, and between three and four in the afternoon, when people are more tired. 72If you listen to Muzak carefully, you will probably recognize the names of many of the songs. Some musicians or songwriters don't want their songs to be used as Muzak, but others are happy when their songs are chosen. Why? 73Music is often played in public places because it is designed to make people feel less lonely when they are in an airport or a hotel. It has been proven that Muzak does what it is designed to do. Tired office workers suddenly have more energy when they hear the pleasant sound of Muzak in the background. 74 Supermarket shoppers buy 38 percent more groceries.75 . They say it's boring to hear the same songs all the time. But other people enjoy hearing Muzak in public places. They say it helps them relax and feel calm. One way or another, Muzak affects everyone. Some farmers even say their cows give more milk when they hear Muzak!A. Some people don't like Muzak.B. The music gives them extra energy.C. Music is playing in the background.D. Factory workers produce 13 percent more.E. Muzak tends to help people understand music better.F. They get as much as $4 million a year if their songs are used.G. Muzak is played in most of the big supermarkets in the world.2011北京高考Public speaking and critical thinkingWhat is critical thinking? To a certain degree, it’s a matter of logic(逻辑)—of being able to spot weaknesses in other people’s argument and to avoid them in your own, it also includes related skills such as distinguishing fact from opinion and assessing the soundness of evidence.In the broad sense, critical thinking is focused, organized thinking—the ability to see clearly their relationships among ideas. 71 The greatest thinkers, scientists and inventors have often taken their information that was readily available and put it together differently to produce new ideas that,too, is critical thinking.72 As the class goes on, for example, you will probably spend a good deal of time organizing your speeches. While this may seem like a purely mechanical(机械的) exercise, it is closely connected with critical thinking. If the structure of your speech is loose and confused, chances are that your thinking is also disordered and confused. If, on the other hand, the structure is clear, there is a good chance your thinking is too. Organizing a speech is not a matter of arranging the ideas you already have. 73What is true of organization is true of many aspects of public speaking. 74 As you work on expressing your ideas in clear, accurate language, you will improve your ability to think clearly and accurately. 75 As you learn to listen critically to speeches in class. You will be better able to assess the ideas of speakers in a variety of situations.If you take full advantage of your speech class, you will be able to develop your skills as critical thinker in many circumstances. This is one reason public speaking has been regarded as a vital part of education since the days of ancient Greece.A. Rather, it is an important part of shaping the ideas themselves.B. This may seem like a lot of time, but the rewards are well worth it.C. It may also help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech.D. It has often been said that there are few new ideas in the world, only reorganized ideas.E. If you are wondering what this has to do with your public speaking class, the answer is quite a lot.F. The skills you learn in your speech class can help you become a more effective thinker in a number of ways.G. As you study the role of evidence and reasoning in speechmaking ,you will see how they can be used in other forms of communication as well.2012北京高考EmpathyLast year, researchers from the University of Michigan reported that empathy, the ability to understand other people, among college students had dropped sharply over the past 10 years. __71__ Today, people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs.Jennifer Freed, a co-director of a teen program, has another explanation. Turn on the TV, and you’re showered with news and reality shows full of people fighting, competing, and generally treating one another with no respect. __72__There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples. Humans are socially related by nature. __73__ Researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely to have high self-respect. Besides, empathy can be a cure for loneliness, sadness, anxiety, and fear.Empathy is also an indication of a good leader. In fact, Freed says, many top companies report that empathy is one of the most important things they look for in new managers. __74__“Academics are important. But if you don’t have emotional (情感的) intelligence, you won’t be as successful in work or in your love life,” she says.What’s the best way to up your EQ (情商）? For starters, let down your guard and really listen to others. __75__To really develop empathy, you’d better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital, join a club or a team that has a diverse membership, have a “sharing circle” with your family, or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter.A.Everyone is different, and levels of empathy differ from person to person.B.That could be because so many people have replaced face time with screen time, the researcherssaid.C.“One doesn’t develop empathy by having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking,” Freedsays.D.Humans learn by example—and most of the examples on it are anything but empathetic.E.Empathy is a matter of learning how to understand someone else—both what they think and howthey feel.F.Good social skills—including empathy—are a kind of “emotional intelligence” that will helpyou succeed in many areas of life.G.Having relationships with other people is an important part of being human—and havingempathy is decisive to those relationships.2013北京高考UrbanizationUntil relatively recently, the vast majority of human beings lived and died without ever seeing a city. The first city was probably founded no more than 5,500 years ago. ____71____. In fact, nearly everyone lived on farms or in tiny rural (乡村的) villages. It was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in history---a society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living.Britain was only the beginning. ____72____.The process of urbanization--- the migration (迁移) of people from the countryside to the city--- was the result of modernization, which has rapidly transformed how people live and where they live.In 1990, fewer than 40% of Americans lived in urban areas. Today, over 82% of Americans live in cities. Only about 2% live on farms. ____73____. Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized. Even in advanced agricultural societies. It took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities. ____74____. Until modern times, those living in cities were mainly the ruling elite(精英) and the servants, laborers and professionals who served them. Cities survived by taxing farmers and were limited in size by the amount of surplus food that the rural population produced and by the ability to move this surplus from farm to city.Over the past two centuries, the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country. ____75____. Today, instead of needing ninety-five farmers to feed five city people, one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non-farmers.A. That kept cities very small.B. The rest live in small towns.C. The effects of urban living on people should be considered.D. Soon many other industrial nations become urban societies.E. But even 200 years ago, only a few people could live in cities.F. Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive.G. Modern cities have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings.2014北京高考Evaluating Sources (来源) of Health InformationMaking good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of health information. Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information, how to separate fact from opinion, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources. 71Go to the original source. Media reports often simplify the results of medical research. Find out for yourself what a study really reported, and determine whether it was based on good science. Think about the type of study. 72Watch for misleading language. Some studies will find that a behavior “contributes to” or is “associated with” an outcome; this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result.73 Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it.Use your common sense. If a report seems too good to be true, probably it is. Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements. 74 Evaluate “scientific” statements carefully, and be aware of quackery (江湖骗术).75 Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration, but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us.Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about health problems will serve you well throughout your life.A．Make choices that are right for you.B．The goal of an ad is to sell you something.C．Be sure to work through the critical questions.D．And examine the findings of the original research.E．Distinguish between research reports and public health advice.F．Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an author’s point of view.G. The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.2015北京高考This Way to DreamlandDaydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what’s happening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy. 71 They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things.But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. 72 Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions?So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool?First, understand that some opportunities (机会) for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams. 73 And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you’re daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings.It’s also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate. “Mindfulness”, being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep.74Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away. 75Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds.A．Having interesting things to think about also helps.B．They stare off into space and wander by themselves.C．Without wandering minds, we wouldn’t have relativity, Coke or Post-it notes.D．At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.E．It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive. F．Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand.G．Therefore, it’s a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you’re in the daydream zone.2016北京高考The Science of Risk-SeekingSometimes We decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking. 71 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. 72 As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. 73No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. 74 To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.Mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.75 For the risk-seekers, a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.Ａ．It all depends on your character.Ｂ．Those are the risks you should jump to take.Ｃ．Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.Ｄ．Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.Ｅ．This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.Ｆ．However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.Ｇ．New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.2017北京高考Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. 71One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 72 We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day.73Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. 74 The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.If Tononi’s theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night`s, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information — our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. 75 “You keep what matters,” Tononi says.A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.B. It’s as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.E. That’s why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.F. “Sleep is the price we pay for learning,” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.G. Tononi’s team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.2010 CBFDA 2011 DEAFG 2012 BDGFC 2013EDBAF 2014 GDFBA2015 BCAEG 2016 FCAEG 2017CEFGB。
2010年全国高考文综试题及答案-全国卷
2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试文科综合能力测试本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。
第Ⅰ卷1至8页，第Ⅱ卷9至12页。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
满分300分，考试时间：150分钟。
第Ⅰ卷（选择题共140分）注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必用黑色碳素笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号在答题卡上填写清楚，并认真核准条形码上的准考证号、姓名、考场号、座位号及科目。
在规定的位置贴好条形码。
2.每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，在试题卷上作答无效。
本卷共35小题，每小题4分，共140分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求的。
图1 是2010年3月中旬发生在我国的沙尘暴的一幅遥感影像，图中色调由浅至深，依次是云层，被卷到空中的沙尘和陆地表面。
读图1，完成1-3题。
1.该沙尘暴发生地位于A.副极地低压带B.西风带C.副热带高压带D.东北信风带2.导致该沙尘暴的天气系统是A.反气旋、冷锋B. 反气旋、暖锋C. 气旋、冷锋D. 气旋、暖锋3.影像中部显示的是该沙尘暴的A.中心区，沙尘扬升B.边缘区，沙尘扩散C. 中心区，沙尘沉降D. 边缘区，沙尘沉降图2示意某河流入海径流量和输沙量的逐年变化。
读图2，完成4-5题。
4.图中信息表明该河流年输沙量与径流量年变化同步年之后输沙量和径流量变化趋势相反年输沙量的变化率高于径流量的变化率D.高径流量年份与高输沙量年份逐一对应5.比较1984年以来径流量和输沙量的变化趋势，可以看出流域内A.气候变暖、变干的速度日益加快B.水土保持和水利工程效益显着C.地质灾害得到有效控制D.水资源总量呈波动式下降巴西的柑橘产量位居世界前列。
巴西柑橘果酱生产几乎全部集中在东南部沿海的S州。
该州面积不大，拥有大型港口。
20世纪80年代中期，随着运输果酱的专用轮船的使用，巴西柑橘果酱在国际市场的统治地位得以巩固。
2010高考试题及答案
2010高考试题及答案2010年的高考试题是许多学生和家长们备战高考的重要参考资料。
本文将为大家整理并提供2010年高考试题及答案，帮助大家更好地了解高考内容和备考要点。
一、语文试题及答案阅读下面一段文字，回答第1至第3题。
孟子说：“天将降大任于斯人也，必先苦其心志，劳其筋骨，饿其体肤，空乏其身。
……――《孟子·告子上》1.孟子在这篇文章里想表达的思想是：A.人生的价值在于承担大任B.人生需要经历种种艰辛来锻炼C.天有意在特定人身上施行考验D.人生需要舍身取义答案：A2.孟子通过这段话表达的情感是：A.激励人们勇敢地承担责任B.警示人们要保持谦逊C.提高认识自己的价值D.鼓励人们勇敢面对失败答案：A3.在“苦其心志，劳其筋骨，饿其体肤，空乏其身”这句话中，“其”所指代的是：A.天B.斯人C.大任D.人生答案：B二、数学试题及答案已知a+b=5，a^2+b^2=13，求a和b的值。
解题思路：设方程组的解为(a0, b0)，则由已知条件可得：(a0+b0)^2=a0^2+b0^2+2a0b0=13+2a0b0=25化简得2a0b0=12，即a0b0=6由上述关系可以列方程：（x-a0)(x-b0)=0x^2-(a0+b0)x+a0b0=0可得方程x^2-5x+6=0分解得(x-2)(x-3)=0所以a=2，b=3或a=3，b=2答案：a=2，b=3 或 a=3，b=2三、英语试题及答案阅读下面的对话，回答第4至第6题。
M: Excuse me, where can I find the restroom?F: It's on the second floor, next to the elevator.M: Thanks a lot.F: No problem.4.这段对话发生在什么地方？A.酒店B.医院C.商场D.学校答案：A5.男士问“Excuse me, where can I find the restroom?”的意思是：A.请问洗手间在哪里？B.请问饭店在哪里？C.请问出租车在哪里？D.请问海滩在哪里？答案：A6.女士说“No problem.”的意思是：A.没问题。
2011~2017高考英语真题集(短文改错及答案)+已可排版打印
高考短文改错 12011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(浙江卷)I was playing at my cousin house. Since his family was rich than mine, he had more toys than I did. There was one on particular I’d always wanted. I put into my pocket when he wasn’t looking.I guessed, even at that age, I would never be able to enjoy to playing with the toy or faced my cousin again; I would always know I’d done something wrong. Late on, my aunt drove me home. When she dropped me off, I pulled out the toy slow and gave it back. She knows what had happened, but she thanked me and ever mentioned it again.第一节（10分，每小题1分）1.cousin –cousin’s2. rich – richer3.on --- in4.put ---put it/that5. enjoy to --- enjoy6.faced --- face7. Late --- Later8.slow --- slowly9. knows --- knew 10. ever --- never高考短文改错 22011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(辽宁卷)In early January this year, the rate of UFO reports was steady ,around three perweek. When, however, on Monday, January 16, a science fiction film about visitors from outer space was shown on television ,there was the immediate increase in reports of sightings from all parts of the States. The commanding officer ,Wayne Tyler ,who directly responsible for the study all such reports ,decided to making his findings known. They wrote an article ,which said that all UFO reports could be explained for quite naturally by aircraft movements. Followthis explanation ,there was a rapid drop in the number of reported sightings ,because the rate remainded above the previous level.注：文章红色部分为需要修改的地方！第1个考查主谓一致，were—was;第2个考查名词单复数weeks--week第3个考查介词从外面来，介词应该用from.第4个考查冠词the--a第5个考查非限制性定语从句注意be responsible for 表示对什么负责。
2017年全国统一高考地理试卷(新课标ⅰ)(含解析版)
2017年全国统一高考地理试卷（新课标Ⅰ）一、选择题：本大题11小题，每个小题4分，满分44分．在每小题给出第四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的．如图为我国东部地区某城市街道机动车道与两侧非机动车道绿化隔离带的景观对比照片，拍摄于2017年3月25日．数年前，两侧的绿化隔离带按同一标准栽种了常绿灌木；而如今，一侧灌木修剪齐整（左图），另一侧则杂树丛生，灌木零乱（右图）．拍摄当日，这些杂树隐有绿色，新叶呼之欲出．据此完成1﹣3题．1．当地的自然植被属于（ ）A．常绿阔叶林B．落叶阔叶林C．常绿硬叶林D．针叶林2．造成图示绿化隔离带景观差异的原因可能是该街道两侧（ ）A．用地类型差异B．居民爱好差异C．景观规划不同D．行政管辖不同3．图示常绿灌木成为我国很多城市的景观植物，制约其栽种范围的主要自然因素是（ ）A．气温B．降水C．光照D．土壤德国海德堡某印刷机公司创始人及其合作者设计了轮转式印刷机，开创了现代印刷业的先河．至1930年，海德堡已成立了6家大的印刷机公司．同时，造纸，油墨和制版企业也先后在海德堡集聚．产业集聚、挑剔的国内客户以及人力成本高等因素的综合作用，不断刺激海德堡印刷机技术革新．据此完成4﹣5题．4．造纸、油墨和制版企业在海德堡集聚，可以节省（ ）A．市场营销成本B．原料成本C．劳动力成本D．设备成本5．海德堡印刷机在国际市场长期保持竞争优势，主要依赖于（ ）A．产量大B．价格低C．款式新D．质量优如图示意我国西北某闭合流域的剖面．该流域气候较干，年均降水量仅为210毫米，但湖面年蒸发量可达2000毫米．湖水浅，盐度饱和，水下已形成较厚盐层，据此完成6﹣8题．6．盐湖面积多年稳定，表明该流域的多年平均实际蒸发量（ ）A．远大于2000毫米B．约为2000毫米C．约为210毫米D．远小于210毫米7．流域不同部位实际蒸发量差异显著，实际蒸发量最小的是（ ）A．坡面B．洪积扇C．河谷D．湖盆8．如果该流域大量种植耐旱植物，可能会导致（ ）A．湖盆蒸发量增多B．盐湖面积缩小C．湖水富营养化加重D．湖水盐度增大我国某地为保证葡萄植株安全越冬，采用双层覆膜技术（两层覆膜间留有一定空间），效果显著．图3中的曲线示意当地寒冷期（12月至次年2月）丰、枯雪年的平均气温日变化和丰、枯雪年的膜内平均温度日变化．据此完成9﹣11题．9．图中表示枯雪年膜内平均温度日变化的曲线是（ ）A．①B．②C．③D．④10．该地寒冷期（ ）A．最低气温高于﹣16℃B．气温日变化因积雪状况差异较大C．膜内温度日变化因积雪状况差异较大D．膜内温度日变化与气温日变化一致11．该地可能位于（ ）A．吉林省B．河北省C．山西省D．新疆维吾尔自治区 三、解答题（共2小题，满分46分）12．（22分）阅读图文资料，完成下列要求。
非洲、亚洲高考题汇编
（1）、德班宜人的气候受沿岸洋流影响，该洋流自北向南的流向主要 受控于 A．盛行西风 B．盐度差异C．陆地阻挡D．水温特征 （1）．C [解析] 本题主要考查洋流流向和成因以及调用知识的能 力。德班地处非洲东岸，沿岸附近有厄加勒斯暖流自北向南流经，该洋 流是南赤道暖流受非洲大陆的阻挡后向南偏转而形成，因此该洋流的流 向主要受控于陆地阻挡。 （2）、南非人均碳排放高的主要原因是 A．工矿业发达 B．人口数量大 C．森林覆盖率高 D．石油资源丰富 （2）．A [解析] 本题主要考查碳排放量的成因以及调用知识的能 力。碳排放主要来自工业生产所产生的二氧化碳等含碳物质，南非是非 洲地区经济最发达的国家之一，工矿业发达，人均收入高，产生大量二 氧化碳，因此人均碳排放量高，故A项正确；人口数量大与人均碳排放 量高低关系不大，故B项错误；森林覆盖率高，会大量吸收二氧化碳， 人均碳排放量较低，故C项错误；石油资源丰富与人均碳排放量高低没 有关系，只有石油消耗量大，才会导致碳排放量高，故D项错误。 （3）、人类活动引起的温室将就增强是德班气候大会关注的焦点，温 室效应增强的大气过程是大气 A．对太阳辐射的散射增强 B．射向地面的辐射增强 C．对太阳辐射斩吸收增强 D．射向宇宙空间的辐射增强 （3）.[解析] 本题考查大气的受热过程及其对地面的影响以及调用
（1）．该地所属的气候类型是 A．热带季风气候 B．热带稀疏草原气候 C．热带沙漠气候 D．热带雨林气候 【答案】C 【解析】读图可知，两条纬线为北回归线（图中虚线）、北纬30°，从 左向右（自西向东）三条经线分别为东经60°、东经90°、东经120°，所 以某地45°E、20°N位于阿拉伯半岛的中南部，属于热带沙漠气候，C项 正确。
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非洲高考真题（2010--2017各省高考真题） 图3为东非高原基塔莱和多多马的降水资料及两地之间游牧路线示意图。读图，回答第1～2题。（2012，北京） 1．该游牧活动 A．需要穿越热带雨林 B．随着雨季南北移动 C．向南可至南回归线 D．易受飓风灾害侵扰 2．游牧至甲地的时间最可能是 A．1月 B．4月 C．7月 D．10月 国家领导人近期出访了俄罗斯等四国,行程如图2所示，读图回答3~4题（2013江苏）
3. 从俄罗斯到南非经过的自然带类型主要有 ①温带草原带 ②热带雨林带 ③热带草原带 ④热带荒漠带 A.①②③ B ①②④ C ①③④ D②③④ 4.我国在非洲投资时优先选择的产业类型有 A. 资源密集型和劳动密集型 B. 劳动密集型和资金密集型 C. 资金密集型和技术密集型 D. 技术密集型和资源密集型 图 9 是非洲马达加斯加岛示意图。 图 10 是海洋表层海水温度与洋流关系示意图,图中a、b、c 为等温线,a>b>c,箭头表示洋流流向。读图回答 5～6 题。（2013，江苏）
5. 图 9 甲处的洋流与图 10 中①、②、③、④所示的洋流相符合的是 A、① B、② C、③ D、④ 6. 甲处洋流的影响是 A. 加快途经海轮航速 B. 形成著名的渔场 C. 使沿岸大气增温增湿 D. 缩小海洋污染范围 非洲大陆有甲、乙、丙三个气象测站，三地纬度大致相当，气候类型相同，但由于所处海拔高度、离海洋远近不同，温度与降水量却存在一定差异。读图，回答问题（2014，上海） 7、三个气象测站所在地的气候类型是 A. 北半球的地中海气候 B. 北半球的热带稀树草原气候 C. 南半球的地中海气候 D. 南半球的热带稀树草原气候 8、三个测站部分月份降水较多，其主要原因是受到某一气压带或风带的影响。该气压带或风带是 A. 赤道低气压带 B. 东南信风带 C. 西风带 D. 东北信风带 9、根据温度资料，可以推测三个测站的海拔高度由高到低依次为 A. 甲站—乙站—丙站 B. 甲站—丙站—乙站 C. 乙站—甲站—丙站 D. 乙站—丙站—甲站 埃及沙漠广布，人口、城市主要集中在尼罗河谷地和三角洲，首都开罗人口约1800万，是埃及政治、经济、文化中心。2015年3月，埃及宣布在开罗以东的沙漠地区兴建新首都。新首都作为政治中心，规划容纳500万居民，提供175万个长期工作职位。下图为埃及略图。据此完成以下问题。（2015，海南） 10. 推测埃及兴建新首都的首要目的是 A．平衡地区发展 B．提升国家形象 C．分散开罗人口 D.吸引国家投资 11．与开罗以北地区相比，在开罗以东地区建设新首都的优势条件是 A．农业发达 B．用地充足 C．基础设施完善 D．交通便利 12. 埃及新首都提供的长期工作职位，所属的主要部门为 A．农业 B．制造业 C．建筑业 D．服务业 非洲的马达加斯加（约12°S-26°S）于1991年开设免税工业区，吸引国际投资，产业以纺织、普通服装制造为主。1997年，我国某羊绒企业在该免税工业区投资办厂，生产羊绒衫等纺织品，产品直接面向欧美市场。当时欧美对进口我国的羊绒衫等纺织产品设置配额，而对产自非洲的同类产品没有此限制。据此完成13-15题。（2016，海南） 13.除政策优惠外，马达加斯加吸引国际纺织、服装类企业来投资办厂的主导因素是 A.交通 B.劳动力 C.资源 D.技术 14.导致马达加斯加对羊绒衫几乎没有市场需求的主要因素是 A.居民收入 B.文化传统 C.国家政策 D.气候 图2 30°N M 10° 0° 洲界 国界 未定国界
15.当时，我国该羊绒企业在马达加斯加兴办工厂，主要目的是 A.增加产品销量 B.接近消费市场 C.提高设计水平 D.增加当地就业 热带沙漠中的尼罗河泛滥区孕育了古埃及农耕文明。尼罗河在每年6~10月泛滥，从上游带来的类似肥沃土壤的沉积物，与上游来水和周边区域的植物资源，都对农耕文明的形成意义重大。据此完成16~18题。（2017，全国卷2） 16．热带地区原始的耕种方式多为刀耕火种。古埃及人在刀耕火种方式出现之前，能够在沉积物上直接耕种，是因为尼罗河泛滥区 A. 用水便利 B. 土壤肥沃 C. 地势平坦 D. 植被缺失 17．尼罗河下游泛滥区沉积物主要来源地的降水特点为 A. 降水季节性强，年降水量大 B. 降水季节性强，年降水量小 C. 降水季节分配均匀，年降水量大 D. 降水季节分配均匀，年降水量小 18．古埃及人从周边区域引入植物用于种植，引入植物的生长期必须与尼罗河泛滥区的耕种期一致。由此判断这些植物最可能来自于 A. 热带雨林气候区 B. 地中海气候区 C. 热带草原气候区 D. 热带 1996年我国与M国签订海洋渔业发展合作规划，至2010年我国有20多家沿海渔业企业（总部设在国内）在M国从事渔业捕捞和渔业产品加工工，产品除满足M国需求外，还远销其他国家，图2示意M国的位置，把此完成19－2题。（2015，全国卷2） 19、中资企业在M国从事渔业捕捞和渔业产品加工 的主要目的是 A、满足我国需求 B、拓展国际市场 C、提高技术水平 D、增加当地就业 20、如考虑运输成本，在下列国家中， M国中资企业的产品首先应销往： A. 美国 B.日本 C.澳大利亚 D.法国 21.图15为北非简图，图16为甲、乙两地气温和降水统计图。读图回答问题。（14分）（2011，江苏）
（1）甲、乙两地气温和降水的差异是_______________。试从气压带、风带的移动规律分析产生上述差异的原因。_________________________________________________。（6分） （2）乙地发展农业的有利条件有__________________（3分） （3）该地区大多数城镇分布在沿海的原因有___________________________（3分） （4）影响该地区陆路交通布局的主要因素有___________________（2分） 22、塞内加尔河是一条国际河流，发源于素有“西非水塔”之称的富塔贾隆高原。该河中下游地区干湿季变化明显，水资源短缺问题突出。图7为塞内加尔河流域及河口三角洲前缘的沙洲示意图。（2014，山东） (1) 说明富塔贾隆高原被称为“西非水塔”的原因。
(2) 沿海沙洲是海陆相互作用的产物。试推断三角洲前缘沙洲不断向南延伸的主要原因，并分析该沙洲对圣路易港的不利影响。
(3)针对塞内加尔河中下游地区农业发展面临的水资源短缺问题，提出解决措施。 23、读7月索马里洋流示意图，回答下列问题。（16分）（2014，上海） （1）.分析驱动索马里洋流的西南风的成因。（4分）
（2）.判断图中索马里洋流是属于寒流还是暖流，并说明依据。（4分） （3）.1月索马里洋流附近海域的鱼群相对较多还是较少？为什么？（4分） 沙漠绿化带
撒哈拉沙漠南缘绿化带规划示意图
（4）.索马里半岛沿海有一条沙漠带，解释这里热带沙漠气候的成因。（4分） 24、撒哈拉沙漠南缘的11个国家正联手打造一条横穿非洲大陆的绿化带。读图文资料，回答问题。(18分) 材料一：这条被称为“绿色长城”的绿化带，计划总长度为7100千米，宽15千米。（2016，上海） 材料二：绿化带沿线地区的天然树木旱季落叶。新建的绿化带要求树木种植的密度比较大，且树木旱季不落叶。沿线国家计划在毛里塔尼亚建立一个植物园，为绿色长城项目筛选、引进适应性树种。 （1）.图示的非洲“绿色长城”大致是沿着哪两种气候类型区的交接带延伸？(2分)
（2）.解释“绿色长城”沿线荒漠分布的自然原因。(6分)
（3）.为遏制荒漠化发展，除建设“绿色长城”外，沿线国家还可以采取什么措施？(2分)
（4）.从气候的角度，分析11个国家研究选择适应性强的树种的原因，并说明该类树种的基因特性。(4分)
（5）.对11个国家采取的合作行动做出评价。(4分)
25、阅读图文资料，完成下列要求。（22分）（2017，全国卷1）剑麻是一种热带经济作物，剑麻纤维韧性强，耐海水腐蚀，是制作船用缆绳、汽车内衬、光缆衬料等的上乘材料。非洲坦桑尼亚曾是世界最重要的剑麻生产国，被称为“剑麻王国”。自1999年，中国某公司在坦桑尼亚的基洛萨（位置见图5）附近投资兴建剑麻农场，并建设配套加工厂，所产剑麻纤维主要销往我国。该农场一期种植1000多公顷，雇佣当地长期和临时工超过1000人，预计2020年种植面积达3000公顷，年产剑麻纤维1万吨。该公司还帮助当地修建学校、卫生所等。 （1）根据剑麻生长的气候条件和用途，说明我国国内剑麻纤维产需矛盾较大的原因。（8分）
（2）据图指出与其他地区相比，中国公司在基洛萨附近兴建剑麻农场的有利条件。（4分） （3）说明剑麻收割后需要及时加工的原因。（4分） (4)简述当地从中国公司兴建剑麻农场中获得的利益。（6分） 26. （24分）阅读图文资料，完成下列要求。（2013，新课标1） 维多利亚湖是世界第二大淡水湖，湖面海拔1134米，鱼类资源丰富。尼罗河鲈鱼是体型最大的淡水鱼之一，属肉食性鱼，原产于尼罗河、刚果河等非洲河流中。20世纪50年代，尼罗河鲈鱼被引入维多利亚湖，并迅速繁殖。该湖的尼罗河鲈鱼经捕捞、加工后多销往欧洲，成为昂贵的美食。图8示意维多利亚湖的位置及周边水系。 (1) 、分析阻碍尼罗河鲈鱼游入维多利亚湖的自然原因。（6分）
(2) 分析尼罗河鲈鱼在维多利亚湖迅速繁殖的自然条件。（6分） (3) 分析尼罗河鲈鱼迅速繁殖对维多利亚湖鱼类资源及捕捞业的影响。（6分） (4) 说明尼罗河鲈鱼引进对维多利亚湖沿岸地区经济发展的贡献。（6分）
27. （22分）阅读图文材料，完成下列要求（2015，新课标2）。 尼日利亚人口超过1亿，经济以农矿也为主。2014年11月20日，尼日利亚与我国正式签署了沿海铁路项目商务合同。该项目总金额达119.7亿美元，全线采用中国铁路技术标准，是截至当时中国对外工程承包史上单体合同金额最大的项目。图4示意尼日利亚铁路的分布。
河流 湖泊 时令河 瀑布
尼 罗 河
维多利亚湖