中考专项语法-定语从句
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中考专项语法-定语从句
定语从句专项
第1节 定语从句的先行词和关系词 一、定语从句的先行词
被定语从句修饰的成分叫__________。定语从句的先行词主要是指______, ______, ______,_____,及______________ 或________, 有时也可以是____________。 *Do you know the girl _______ is singing on the stage?
引导定语从句的词叫作
__________。关系词不仅在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用,而且在从句中充当一定的成分。关系词分为____________
和___________
。关系词在句子中的指代作用及所作成分如下:
1.The man _______ has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle.
2.The train ______ has just left is for Shenzhen.
3.Let ’s find a place _______ we can have a picnic.
第2节关系词的用法 一、关系代词的用法
关系代词在句中代替指人或事物的先行词,并在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等句子成分。引导定语从句的关系代词有_______, ________, _______, ________,________等。
1.who / whom 的用法
who/whom都用于指人。who在定语从句中作______、_______,whom在定语从句中作________。作宾语的关系代词_______,________可以省略(介词后作语的关系代词除外)。
练习题:
①—We are proud of Mo Yan.
—Yes. He is a great writer ______ won the Noble Prize in Literature in 2012.
②—The man ______/_______ you looked for yesterday has already come.
③We should look up to those scientists ________ sent Tianzhou-1 Cargo Spaceship (天舟一号货运飞船) to space.
④The person to _______ you just talked is Deep.
*注意:who有时可以代替whom作宾语,但whom在从句中作介词的宾语,且介词提到whom 前面时,不能用who。还有what不能引导定语从句。
2.that的用法
that 既可以指______, 也可以指_______,在定语从句中作_______、_______或_______。作宾语时可以省略。
练习题:
①We need a person ______ is right for the job.
②The picture _______ we are studying was drawn by a fifteen-year-old student.
③Mrs. Evans is the person to _______ you should write.
*注意:that作介词宾语时,介词不可提到that之前,若介词提前,指物用 which,指人
用whom。
④Congratulations to our winners and thanks to everyone _______ entered the competition.
*注意:先行词是指人的不定代词或指示代词,如one, all, nobody, none, those等时,关系代词只能用who不能用that。
3.which 的用法
which用于指_____,在从句中作______, _______或______。作宾语, 且不直接跟在介词后时,which可以省略。
练习题:
①The tree _______ is in front of my house is more than ten years old.
②The story _______ he told was very popular.
③The house __________ I used to live has become a shoe shop.
4.whose 的用法
whose可以指______也可以指______,在定语从句中作________。
练习题:
①He is a man _______ opinion I respect.
②I’d like a room _______ window looks out over the sea.
③He lives in a house _______ windows face south.
*注意:用来指物时,“whose+名词”可用“限定词+名词+of which”或者“of which+限定词+名词”来代替。
二、关系副词的用法
关系副词代替表示______, _______, ______的先行词,并在从句中作_________,________和_________,不能省略。
1.when的用法
when指_______,在定语从句中作时间状语。它的先行词通常为_____, ______, ______等表示时间的名词。此时常可用__________, __________, ___________等替代。
练习题:
①I still remember the day _______ I first travelled by plane.
*注意:先行词表示时间,关系词在从句中做主语或宾语时,关系词不能用when。
2.why 的用法
why指_______,在定语从句中作________。它的先行词通常为_______。此时常可用_______代替。
(1)Please tell me the reaon _________she is crying so badly.
3.Where 的用法
Where 指_________,在定语从句中作_____________.它的先行词通常为____________________。此时常可用____________,_____________代替。
(1)I still remember the village _________we lived last year.
三,关系代词和关系副词的选用。
1.根据定语从句中的谓语动词判断:一般情况下,定语从句的谓语动词如果是及物动词,后面没有宾语时就用关系代词;从句的谓语如果是不及物动词,则用关系副词。
(1)This is the factory ______________I visited last year.
(2)This is the factory __________he used to work.
2.根据定语从句中所缺少的成分判断:如果缺少主语,宾语,表语,定语,则用关系代词;如果缺少状语,则用关系副词。
(1)Is this the museum _______________you visited a few days ago?
(2)Is this the museum ___________the exhibition was held?
第3节定语从句注意事项
一,只用that 不用which的情况。
1,先行词是不定代词或者被不定代词修饰时