中考专项语法-定语从句

中考专项语法-定语从句定语从句专项第1节 定语从句的先行词和关系词 一、定语从句的先行词被定语从句修饰的成分叫__________。

定语从句的先行词主要是指______, ______, ______,_____,及______________ 或________, 有时也可以是____________。

＊Do you know the girl _______ is singing on the stage?引导定语从句的词叫作__________。

关系词不仅在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，而且在从句中充当一定的成分。

关系词分为____________和___________。

关系词在句子中的指代作用及所作成分如下：1.The man _______ has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle.2.The train ______ has just left is for Shenzhen.3.Let ’s find a place _______ we can have a picnic.第2节关系词的用法 一、关系代词的用法关系代词在句中代替指人或事物的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等句子成分。

引导定语从句的关系代词有_______, ________, _______, ________,________等。

1.who / whom 的用法who／whom都用于指人。

who在定语从句中作______、_______，whom在定语从句中作________。

作宾语的关系代词_______,________可以省略（介词后作语的关系代词除外）。

练习题：①—We are proud of Mo Yan.—Yes. He is a great writer ______ won the Noble Prize in Literature in 2012.②—The man ______/_______ you looked for yesterday has already come.③We should look up to those scientists ________ sent Tianzhou-1 Cargo Spaceship (天舟一号货运飞船) to space.④The person to _______ you just talked is Deep.＊注意：who有时可以代替whom作宾语，但whom在从句中作介词的宾语，且介词提到whom 前面时，不能用who。

还有what不能引导定语从句。

2.that的用法that 既可以指______, 也可以指_______，在定语从句中作_______、_______或_______。

作宾语时可以省略。

练习题：①We need a person ______ is right for the job.②The picture _______ we are studying was drawn by a fifteen-year-old student.③Mrs. Evans is the person to _______ you should write.＊注意：that作介词宾语时，介词不可提到that之前，若介词提前，指物用 which，指人用whom。

④Congratulations to our winners and thanks to everyone _______ entered the competition．＊注意：先行词是指人的不定代词或指示代词，如one, all, nobody, none, those等时，关系代词只能用who不能用that。

3.which 的用法which用于指_____，在从句中作______, _______或______。

作宾语, 且不直接跟在介词后时，which可以省略。

练习题：①The tree _______ is in front of my house is more than ten years old.②The story _______ he told was very popular.③The house __________ I used to live has become a shoe shop.4.whose 的用法whose可以指______也可以指______，在定语从句中作________。

练习题：①He is a man _______ opinion I respect.②I’d like a room _______ window looks out over the sea.③He lives in a house _______ windows face south.＊注意：用来指物时，“whose+名词”可用“限定词+名词+of which”或者“of which+限定词+名词”来代替。

二、关系副词的用法关系副词代替表示______, _______, ______的先行词，并在从句中作_________,________和_________，不能省略。

1．when的用法when指_______，在定语从句中作时间状语。

它的先行词通常为_____, ______, ______等表示时间的名词。

此时常可用__________, __________, ___________等替代。

练习题：①I still remember the day _______ I first travelled by plane.＊注意：先行词表示时间，关系词在从句中做主语或宾语时，关系词不能用when。

2.why 的用法why指_______，在定语从句中作________。

它的先行词通常为_______。

此时常可用_______代替。

（1）Please tell me the reaon _________she is crying so badly.3.Where 的用法Where 指_________,在定语从句中作_____________.它的先行词通常为____________________。

此时常可用____________,_____________代替。

(1)I still remember the village _________we lived last year.三，关系代词和关系副词的选用。

1.根据定语从句中的谓语动词判断：一般情况下，定语从句的谓语动词如果是及物动词，后面没有宾语时就用关系代词；从句的谓语如果是不及物动词，则用关系副词。

（1）This is the factory ______________I visited last year.（2）This is the factory __________he used to work.2.根据定语从句中所缺少的成分判断：如果缺少主语，宾语，表语，定语，则用关系代词；如果缺少状语，则用关系副词。

（1）Is this the museum _______________you visited a few days ago?（2）Is this the museum ___________the exhibition was held?第3节定语从句注意事项一，只用that 不用which的情况。

1，先行词是不定代词或者被不定代词修饰时先行词是anything, everything, nothing, few, all, little, some 等,或者由every, any , some, no, little, few, much 等不定代词修饰时，关系代词用that 不用which.(1)Have you taken down everything ________Mr. Li has said?(2)Any man _______doesn’t have a sence of duty can’t do the thing well.2, 先行词是序数词或者形容词最高级或被其修饰时，关系代词用that 不用which(1)The first thing _______my brother is going to do this afternoon is to study physics.(2)I have found the best way _______could finish the test.3, 先行词既有之人的名词，也有指物的名词时，关系代词用that 不用which(1)Jack took photographs of the things and people _________he was intersted in.4, 先行词被the only, the last, the very等修饰时，关系代词用that 不用which(1)This is the verydictionary _______I want to buy.(2)Basketball is the only thing _______interests him.5, 当主语是以who 或者which 开头的特殊疑问词时，关系代词用that 不用which(1)Who is the perpon _____is standing at the gate?(2)Which is the bicycle ________you bought last month?二，只用which 不用that的情况。

1，先行词本身就是that时(1)I don’t like that ______he did.(2)What is that ______is on the ground?2, 关系代词前有介词且指事物时(1)I’m looking for a container in _______I can put all these peaches.(2)A zoo is a park in _______ many kinds of annimals are kept for exhibition.3, 引导非限制性定语从句时非限制定语从句主要起补充说明的作用，往往用逗号与先行词隔开，去掉后面不影响主句的意义。

Football, ___________is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.三，定语从句主谓一致定语从句中的主谓一致是指关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中谓语动词的单复数形式要与先行词一致的问题。