现在分词与过去分词的区别

现在分词与过去分词的区别:

1,语态上不同:现在分词表主动,而及物动词的过去分词表被动.

2,时间关系上不同:现在分词表正在进行的动作,过去分词表示已经过去的动作.

3,选用现在分词还是过去分词取决于分词所表示的动作与逻辑主语之间的时间关系.分词短语作状语,其逻辑主语是句子的主语.

分词的形式:以vt:write和vi:go为例,

1,现在分词:主动语态writing 被动语态being written 主动语态going

2,过去分词: 只有一种形式 written gone

现在分词和过去分词主要的区别表现在语态和时间关系上。

1)语态上不同：现在分词表示主动的意思，而过去分词多由及物动词变来，表示被动的意思。试比较：

surprising 使人感到惊讶的(主动)

surprised 自己感到惊讶的(被动，即被惊讶的)

an exciting story 一个令人兴奋的故事(主动)

excited spectators 激动的观众(被动，即被引起激动的)

a moving film 一部感动人的影片。

A moved audience 受感动的观众

A tiring journey 累人的旅行

A tired football player 累了的足球运动员

He told us many interesting things last night.他昨夜告诉我们许多有趣的事情。

She is interested in astronomy. 她对天文学有兴趣。

也有一些过去分词是由不及物动词变来的，它们只表示一个动作已完成，没有被动的意味。如：

the risen sun 升起的太阳

fallen leaves 落叶

the exploded bomb 已爆炸了的炸弹

a retired miner 退休矿工

returned students 归国留学生

2)时间关系上不同：一般说来，现在分词所表示的动作往往正在进行，而过去分词所表示的动作，往往已经完成。试比较：

the changing world 正在变化着的世界

the changed world 已经起了变化的世界

boiling water 正在开的水

boiled water 已经煮开过的水(可能是凉开水)

developing countries 发展中国家

developed countries 发达国家

分词和分词短语的用法

1) 作定语作定语用的分词如果是单词，一般放在它所修饰的名词之前。如：

I’m reading a very interesting book.我在读一本很有趣的书。

He likes to drink cold boiled water. 他喜欢喝凉开水。

分词短语作定语用时，一般皆放在它所修饰的名词的后面。它的功用相当于定语从句。如：China is a developing socialist country belonging to the Third world.中国是一个发展中的社会主义国家，属于第三世界。

(= which belongs to the Third World)

The man sitting it the corner is my brother.坐在角落里的那个人是我的兄弟。(= who is sitting in the comer)

Most of the people invited to the party did not come.被邀请参加晚会的人多数没有来。(= who were invited to the party.)

2)作表语

The opera is very moving and instructive. 这个歌剧很动人，且有教育意义。

The cups are broken. 这些杯子是破的。

He is married.他已经结婚了。

用动词适当形式填空：

1。On hearing the ____ news, we were all _____(excite)

2.The book was _______, I was _________.(frustrate)

3.In English ____ coutries, English is ________. (speak)

4.Don’t forget ____ (bring) your brother next time.

5.Before______ (use), the machine must be checked.

6.I feel like ______ swimming, would you like________(go) with me?

7.His ____ (be) late often annoys the head teacher.

8.____(pass) by the post office, I stopped _____ (buy) some stamps.

9.What is the language _________ in Germany? (speak)

10.He is not good at English, it’s hard for him to make himself _____ (understand) 1）Have sth done 让别人去做（非主语所做）

I had my hair cut last week. / My brother has his car repaired

2）Send for sb 派人去叫（非主语去请）

My mother was ill. I sent for a doctor.

3）Sth. needs repairing (need 后接ing 时主语是东西，不是人)

His car needs repairing. D .

①Did you see somebody _______ into the room ? ( steal )

②I saw him _______ in the room at that time . ( read )

③She was glad to see her child ________ good care of . ( take )

④I saw her _______ at the windows , thinking . ( seat )

⑤She was seen ________ here . ( come )

E .

①I like _______ very much . ( swim ) ②I don't like _______ TV at this time . ( watch )

③He never likes _______ at the meeting . ( praise )

④I feel like _______ to the cinema . ( go ) ⑤Would you like ______ with me ? ( go )

F .

①The man ______ at the meeting now is from the south . ( speak )