第一节 从属分句222

第一节从属分句

subordinate clause

什么是从属分句及其分类

⏹复合句（complex sentence）由一个主句（principal clause）和一个或一个以上的从属分句（subordinate clause）构成。

⏹从属分句按语法功能可以分成：

⏹名词性分句（nominal clause）

⏹关系分句（relative clause）

⏹状语分句（adverbial clause）

⏹在从属分句语法点中，涉及状语分句和关系分句的考题比例较大。

一、状语分句

⏹定义

⏹划分：

⏹根据状语分句的语法功能，状语分句可分为时间状语从句、地点、原因、结果、程度、目的、条件、让步和方式状语从句。

⏹考点：

⏹方式、条件、让步和时间状语从句上。其中方式状语从句最重。

（一）方式状语从句（adverbial clause of manner）

⏹1. 连词than 引导方式状语从句

⏹确切的说是连词than引导的是比较状语从句（adverbial clause of comparison），也是一种方式状语从句。

考点：

⏹（1）省去主语，保留谓语部分，这种结构多见于正式文体中。

⏹Eg. Don’t eat m ore than is good for you. 不要吃得过量。

真题

⏹The experiment requires more money than ______. (2002\2007)

A. have been put in

B. being put in

C. has been put in

D. to be put in

⏹The indoor swimming pool seems to be a great more luxurious than ______.

A. is necessary

B. being necessary

C. to be necessary

D. it is necessary

⏹（2）省去部分谓语，保留主语和be, have或助动词。

⏹这时，从句中的be, have或助动词可以放置于主语之前，形成倒装结构。

⏹Eg. No leader of a party has kept himself in greater detachment from the sentiment of his than has the late Prime Minister. 任何政党的领袖都没有像已故首相那样不动感情。

真题

⏹Western Nebraska generally receives less snow than _______ Eastern Nebraska. (1996)

A. in

B. it receives in

C. does

D. it does in

⏹（3）省去整个谓语部分，保留主语。

⏹Eg. She eats less than a bird. 她的食量比鸟还少。

⏹（4）省去主语和部分谓语，保留宾语或修饰语。

⏹Eg.It’s more pleasant traveling by day than by night. 白天旅行比夜晚旅行愉快。

⏹（5）省去宾语。

⏹Eg. The box is bigger than I wanted. 这箱子比我想要的大。

⏹（6）在一些比较省略结构中，than之后可用动词不定式或动名词。

⏹Eg. I know better than to mention it. 我才不会提它呢。

⏹He thinks that driving himself is safer than letting me drive. 他觉得他自己开车要比让我来开车安全些。

特殊：

⏹________ the two, Bob is ____ student.

A. Of, more diligent

B. In, more diligent

C. Of, the more diligent

D. In, the more diligent

⏹考察句型“the +比较级+of the two”。表示两者之间的比较。即，Bob is the more diligent student of the two. 该题其实是表示比较的句型，相当于“Bob is more diligent than the other student”，即方式状语从句的一种。

⏹2. 连词as 引导的方式状语从句

⏹（1）连词as作“以……的方式，如同……那样”意思讲时，它可以用来引导方式状语从句，说明做事的方式或某人的行为。

⏹Do as I do. 我怎么做，你就怎么做。

⏹They hunted him as a tiger stalks his prey. 他们像老虎追踪猎物一样去搜捕他。

真题

⏹She did her work ______her manager had instructed. (2002)

⏹A. as B. until

⏹C. when D. though

⏹（2）as作“像……一样”之意时，可以用来引导比较状语从句（属于一样方式状语从句），从句往往可以用省略结构，省略的方式于than引导的从句类似。

⏹Eg. He is as brave as wise. = He is as brave as he is wise.

⏹（3）as…as… 可以用来表示两个人或物不同性质的比较，指程度相当或相等；意思是“……而……”

⏹Eg. One is as light as the other is heavy. 一个轻，而另一个重。

⏹He was as experienced as his brother was green. 他经验丰富，而他兄弟却涉世未深。

真题

⏹Language belongs to each member of the society, to the cleaner ______ to the professor.

A. as far as

B. the same as

C. as much as

D. as long as

⏹Some dieters find that after their dieting is over, they eat twice _______they did before their diet. (1993)

A. more than

B. as many as

C. much than

D. as much as

⏹3. 句型“A is to B what C is to D”

⏹句型中的连词what 可以用来表示比较两种事物相同或者相似的关系，相当于as “好比”。是比较常见的结构，意为“A之于B就像C之于D一样”。如：

⏹ Water is to fish what air is to man.

⏹Intellect is to the mind _____ sight is to the body. (2001)

⏹A. what B. as C. that D. like

另外（常考题型）