英文写作的用词
英文写作中的文章衔接技巧
英文写作中的文章衔接技巧在英文写作中，良好的文章衔接是非常重要的。
它能够帮助读者更好地理解和跟随文章的思路，使整篇文章更加连贯。
本文将介绍一些有助于提高文章衔接的技巧。
1. 使用过渡词语（Using transition words）过渡词语是连接句子和段落之间的桥梁，通过引导读者在不同的观点之间进行思维转换。
例如，使用"however"、"on the other hand"、"in addition"等过渡词语可以将不同的论点或观点串联起来，使文章更具连贯性。
2. 重复关键词（Repeating key words）在文章中，合理重复使用关键词可以帮助读者更好地理解和记忆文章中的信息。
当引入一个新的观点或概念时，可以在接下来的句子或段落中多次使用该关键词，以便强调其重要性并建立联系。
3. 使用代词（Using pronouns）代词是指代前一句或前一段的词语，通过使用代词，读者可以将前后句子或段落之间的联系更加清晰地理解。
例如，使用"it"来指代前面提到的某个概念或观点，以避免重复使用相同的词语。
4. 使用同义词和近义词（Using synonyms and near synonyms）在文章中，使用同义词或近义词可以为读者提供更多的词汇选择，使表达更加丰富。
同时，这也有助于避免使用相同的词语过多，增强文章的可读性。
5. 使用引导词（Using guiding words）引导词是用于引导读者思考文章逻辑结构的词语。
通过使用一些引导词，如"firstly"、"secondly"、"finally"等，可以帮助读者更好地理解文章的组织结构，并在阅读过程中更加清晰地跟随思路。
6. 使用概括性句子（Using summary sentences）在文章的关键转折点或段落结束处，使用一个概括性的句子可以帮助读者对前面的内容进行总结和回顾，并为接下来的内容铺垫。
英语写作过渡性词语大全
英语写作过渡性词语大全(1)表示增加的过渡词：also, and, and then, too, in addition, furthermore, moreover, again, on top of that, another, first/second/third等。
(2)表示时间顺序的过渡词：now, then, before, after, afterwards, earlier, later, immediately, soon, next,in a few days, gradually, suddenly, finally等。
(3)表示空间顺序的过渡词：near(to), far(from), in front of, behind, beside, beyond, above, below, tothe right/ left, around, outside等。
(4)表示比较的过渡词：in the same way, just like, just as等。
(5)表示对照的过渡词：but, still, yet, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, in spite of,even though等。
(6)表示结果和原因的过渡词：because, since, so, as a result, therefore, then, thus, otherwise等。
(7)表示目的的过渡词：for this reason, for this purpose, so that等。
(8)表示强调的过渡词：in fact, indeed, surely, necessarily, certainly, without any doubt, truly, torepeat, above all, most important等。
(9表示解释说明的过渡词：for example, in fact, in this case, for actually等10)表示总结的过渡词：finally, at last, in conclusion, as I have shown, in other word, in brief, in short, in general, on the whole, as has been stated等。
英文论文写作中一些可能用到的词汇
英⽂论⽂写作中⼀些可能⽤到的词汇英⽂论⽂写作过程中总是被⾃⼰可怜的词汇量击败, 所以我打算在这⾥记录⼀些在阅读论⽂过程中见到的⼀些⾃⼰不曾见过的词句或⽤法。
这些词句查词典都很容易查到，但是只有带⼊论⽂原⽂中才能体会内涵。
毕竟原⽂和译⽂中间总是存在⼀条看不见的思想鸿沟。
形容词1. vanilla: adj. 普通的, 寻常的, 毫⽆特⾊的. ordinary; not special in any way.2. crucial: adj. ⾄关重要的, 关键性的.3. parsimonious：adj. 悭吝的, 吝啬的, ⼩⽓的.e.g. Due to the underlying hyperbolic geometry, this allows us to learn parsimonious representations of symbolic data by simultaneously capturing hierarchy and similarity.4. diverse: adj. 不同的, 相异的, 多种多样的, 形形⾊⾊的.5. intriguing: adj. ⾮常有趣的, 引⼈⼊胜的; 神秘的. *intrigue: v. 激起…的兴趣, 引发…的好奇⼼; 秘密策划(加害他⼈), 密谋.e.g. The results of this paper carry several intriguing implications.6. intimate: adj. 亲密的; 密切的. v.透露; (间接)表⽰, 暗⽰.e.g. The above problems are intimately linked to machine learning on graphs.7. akin: adj. 类似的, 同族的, 相似的.e.g. Akin to GNN, in LOCAL a graph plays a double role: ...8. abundant: adj. ⼤量的, 丰盛的, 充裕的.9. prone: adj. 有做(坏事)的倾向; 易于遭受…的; 俯卧的.e.g. It is thus prone to oversmoothing when convolutions are applied repeatedly.10.concrete: adj. 混凝⼟制的; 确实的, 具体的(⽽⾮想象或猜测的); 有形的; 实在的.e.g. ... as a concrete example ...e.g. More concretely, HGCN applies the Euclidean non-linear activation in...11. plausible: adj. 有道理的; 可信的; 巧⾔令⾊的, 花⾔巧语的.e.g. ... this interpretation may be a plausible explanation of the success of the recently introduced methods.12. ubiquitous: adj. 似乎⽆所不在的;⼗分普遍的.e.g. While these higher-order interac- tions are ubiquitous, an evaluation of the basic properties and organizational principles in such systems is missing.13. disparate: adj. 由不同的⼈(或事物)组成的;迥然不同的;⽆法⽐较的.e.g. These seemingly disparate types of data have something in common: ...14. profound: adj. 巨⼤的; 深切的, 深远的; 知识渊博的; 理解深刻的;深邃的, 艰深的; ⽞奥的.e.g. This has profound consequences for network models of relational data — a cornerstone in the interdisciplinary study of complex systems.15. blurry: adj. 模糊不清的.e.g. When applying these estimators to solve (2), the line between the critic and the encoders $g_1, g_2$ can be blurry.16. amenable: adj. 顺从的; 顺服的; 可⽤某种⽅式处理的.e.g. Ou et al. utilize sparse generalized SVD to generate a graph embedding, HOPE, from a similarity matrix amenableto de- composition into two sparse proximity matrices.17. elaborate: adj. 复杂的;详尽的;精⼼制作的 v.详尽阐述;详细描述;详细制订;精⼼制作e.g. Topic Modeling for Graphs also requires elaborate effort, as graphs are relational while documents are indepen- dent samples.18. pivotal: adj. 关键性的；核⼼的e.g. To ensure the stabilities of complex systems is of pivotal significance toward reliable and better service providing.19. eminent: adj. 卓越的，著名的，显赫的;⾮凡的;杰出的e.g. To circumvent those defects, theoretical studies eminently represented by percolation theories appeared.20. indispensable: adj. 不可或缺的;必不可少的 n. 不可缺少的⼈或物e.g. However, little attention is paid to multipartite networks, which are an indispensable part of complex networks.21. post-hoc: adj. 事后的e.g. Post-hoc explainability typically considers the question “Why the GNN predictor made certain prediction?”.22. prevalent: adj. 流⾏的;盛⾏的;普遍存在的e.g. A prevalent solution is building an explainer model to conduct feature attribution23. salient: adj. 最重要的;显著的;突出的. n. 凸⾓;[建]突出部;<军>进攻或防卫阵地的突出部分e.g. It decomposes the prediction into the contributions of the input features, which redistributes the probability of features according to their importance and sample the salient features as an explanatory subgraph.24. rigorous: adj. 严格缜密的;严格的;谨慎的;细致的;彻底的;严厉的e.g. To inspect the OOD effect rigorously, we take a causal look at the evaluation process with a Structural Causal Model.25. substantial: adj. ⼤量的;价值巨⼤的;重⼤的;⼤⽽坚固的;结实的;牢固的. substantially: adv. ⾮常;⼤⼤地;基本上;⼤体上;总的来说26. cogent: adj. 有说服⼒的;令⼈信服的e.g. The explanatory subgraph $G_s$ emphasizes tokens like “weak” and relations like “n’t→funny”, which is cogent according to human knowledge.27. succinct: adj. 简练的;简洁的 succinctly: adv. 简⽽⾔之，简明扼要地28. concrete: adj. 混凝⼟制的;确实的，具体的(⽽⾮想象或猜测的);有形的;实在的 concretely: adv. 具体地;具体;具体的;有形地29. predominant：adj. 主要的;主导的;显著的;明显的;盛⾏的;占优势的动词1. mitigate: v. 减轻, 缓和. (反 enforce)e.g. In this work, we focus on mitigating this problem for a certain class of symbolic data.2. corroborate: v. [VN] [often passive] (formal) 证实, 确证.e.g. This is corroborated by our experiments on real-world graph.3. endeavor: n./v. 努⼒, 尽⼒, 企图, 试图.e.g. It encourages us to continue the endeavor in applying principles mathematics and theory in successful deployment of deep learning.4. augment: v. 增加, 提⾼, 扩⼤. n. 增加, 补充物.e.g. We also augment the graph with geographic information (longitude, latitude and altitude), and GDP of the country where the airport belongs to.5. constitute: v. (被认为或看做)是, 被算作; 组成, 构成; (合法或正式地)成⽴, 设⽴.6. abide: v. 接受, 遵照(规则, 决定, 劝告); 逗留, 停留.e.g. Training a graph classifier entails identifying what constitutes a class, i.e., finding properties shared by graphs in one class but not the other, and then deciding whether new graphs abide to said learned properties.7. entail: v. 牵涉; 需要; 使必要. to involve sth that cannot be avoided.e.g. Due to the recursive definition of the Chebyshev polynomials, the computation of the filter $g_α(\Delta)f$ entails applying the Laplacian $r$ times, resulting cal operator affecting only 1-hop neighbors of a vertex and in $O(rn)$ operations.8. encompass: v. 包含, 包括, 涉及(⼤量事物); 包围, 围绕, 围住.e.g. This model is chosen as it is sufficiently general to encompass several state-of-the-art networks.e.g. The k-cycle detection problem entails determining if G contains a k-cycle.9. reveal: v. 揭⽰, 显⽰, 透露, 显出, 露出, 展⽰.10. bestow: v. 将(…)给予, 授予, 献给.e.g. Aiming to bestow GCNs with theoretical guarantees, one promising research direction is to study graph scattering transforms (GSTs).11. alleviate: v. 减轻, 缓和, 缓解.12. investigate: v. 侦查(某事), 调查(某⼈), 研究, 调查.e.g. The sensitivity of pGST to random and localized noise is also investigated.13. fuse: v. (使)融合, 熔接, 结合; (使)熔化, (使保险丝熔断⽽)停⽌⼯作.e.g. We then fuse the topological embeddings with the initial node features into the initial query representations using a query network$f_q$ implemented as a two-layer feed-forward neural network.14. magnify: v. 放⼤, 扩⼤; 增强; 夸⼤(重要性或严重性); 夸张.e.g. ..., adding more layers also leads to more parameters which magnify the potential of overfitting.15. circumvent: v. 设法回避, 规避; 绕过, 绕⾏.e.g. To circumvent the issue and fulfill both goals simultaneously, we can add a negative term...16. excel: v. 擅长, 善于; 突出; 胜过平时.e.g. Nevertheless, these methods have been repeatedly shown to excel in practice.17. exploit: v. 利⽤(…为⾃⼰谋利); 剥削, 压榨; 运⽤, 利⽤; 发挥.e.g. In time series and high-dimensional modeling, approaches that use next step prediction exploit the local smoothness of the signal.18. regulate: v. (⽤规则条例)约束, 控制, 管理; 调节, 控制(速度、压⼒、温度等).e.g. ... where $b >0$ is a parameter regulating the probability of this event.19. necessitate: v. 使成为必要.e.g. Combinatorial models reproduce many-body interactions, which appear in many systems and necessitate higher-order models that capture information beyond pairwise interactions.20. portray:描绘, 描画, 描写; 将…描写成; 给⼈以某种印象; 表现; 扮演(某⾓⾊).e.g. Considering pairwise interactions, a standard network model would portray the link topology of the underlying system as shown in Fig. 2b.21. warrant: v. 使有必要; 使正当; 使恰当. n. 执⾏令; 授权令; (接受款项、服务等的)凭单, 许可证; (做某事的)正当理由, 依据.e.g. Besides statistical methods that can be used to detect correlations that warrant higher-order models, ... (除了可以⽤来检测⽀持⾼阶模型的相关性的统计⽅法外, ...)22. justify: v. 证明…正确(或正当、有理); 对…作出解释; 为…辩解(或辩护); 调整使全⾏排满; 使每⾏排齐.e.g. ..., they also come with the assumption of transitive, Markovian paths, which is not justified in many real systems.23. hinder:v. 阻碍; 妨碍; 阻挡. (反 foster: v. 促进; 助长; 培养; ⿎励; 代养, 抚育, 照料(他⼈⼦⼥⼀段时间))e.g. The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of these matrix operators capture how the topology of a system influences the efficiency of diffusion and propagation processes, whether it enforces or mitigates the stability of dynamical systems, or if it hinders or fosters collective dynamics.24. instantiate:v. 例⽰；⽤具体例⼦说明.e.g. To learn the representation we instantiate (2) and split each input MNIST image into two parts ...25. favor:v. 赞同;喜爱, 偏爱; 有利于, 便于. n. 喜爱, 宠爱, 好感, 赞同; 偏袒, 偏爱; 善⾏, 恩惠.26. attenuate: v. 使减弱; 使降低效⼒.e.g. It therefore seems that the bounds we consider favor hard-to-invert encoders, which heavily attenuate part of the noise, over well conditioned encoders.27. elucidate:v. 阐明; 解释; 说明.e.g. Secondly, it elucidates the importance of appropriately choosing the negative samples, which is indeed a critical component in deep metric learning based on triplet losses.28. violate: v. 违反, 违犯, 违背(法律、协议等); 侵犯(隐私等); 使⼈不得安宁; 搅扰; 亵渎, 污损(神圣之地).e.g. Negative samples are obtained by patches from different images as well as patches from the same image, violating the independence assumption.29. compel:v. 强迫, 迫使; 使必须; 引起(反应).30. gauge: v. 判定, 判断(尤指⼈的感情或态度); (⽤仪器)测量, 估计, 估算. n. 测量仪器(或仪表);计量器;宽度;厚度;(枪管的)⼝径e.g. Yet this hyperparameter-tuned approach raises a cubic worst-case space complexity and compels the user to traverse several feature sets and gauge the one that attains the best performance in the downstream task.31. depict: v. 描绘, 描画; 描写, 描述; 刻画.e.g. As they depict different aspects of a node, it would take elaborate designs of graph convolutions such that each set of features would act as a complement to the other.32. sketch: n. 素描;速写;草图;幽默短剧;⼩品;简报;概述 v. 画素描;画速写;概述;简述e.g. Next we sketch how to apply these insights to learning topic models.33. underscore：v. 在…下⾯划线;强调;着重说明 n.下划线e.g. Moreover, the walk-topic distributions generated by Graph Anchor LDA are indeed sharper than those by ordinary LDA, underscoring the need for selecting anchors.34. disclose: v. 揭露;透露;泄露;使显露;使暴露e.g. Another drawback lies in their unexplainable nature, i.e., they cannot disclose the sciences beneath network dynamics.35. coincide: v. 同时发⽣;相同;相符;极为类似;相接;相交;同位;位置重合;重叠e.g. The simulation results coincide quite well with the theoretical results.36. inspect: v. 检查;查看;审视;视察 to look closely at sth/sb, especially to check that everything is as it should be名词1. capacity: n. 容量, 容积, 容纳能⼒; 领悟(或理解、办事)能⼒; 职位, 职责.e.g. This paper studies theoretically the computational capacity limits of graph neural networks (GNN) falling within the message-passing framework of Gilmer et al. (2017).2. implication: n. 可能的影响(或作⽤、结果); 含意, 暗指; (被)牵连, 牵涉.e.g. Section 4 analyses the implications of restricting the depth $d$ and width $w$ of GNN that do not use a readout function.3. trade-off:(在需要⽽⼜相互对⽴的两者间的)权衡, 协调.e.g. This reveals a direct trade-off between the depth and width of a graph neural network.4. cornerstone:n. 基⽯; 最重要部分; 基础; 柱⽯.5. umbrella: n. 伞; 综合体; 总体, 整体; 保护, 庇护(体系).e.g. Community detection is an umbrella term for a large number of algorithms that group nodes into distinct modules to simplify and highlight essential structures in the network topology.6. folklore:n. 民间传统, 民俗; 民间传说.e.g. It is folklore knowledge that maximizing MI does not necessarily lead to useful representations.7. impediment:n. 妨碍,阻碍,障碍; ⼝吃.e.g. While a recent approach overcomes this impediment, it results in poor quality in prediction tasks due to its linear nature.8. obstacle:n. 障碍;阻碍; 绊脚⽯; 障碍物; 障碍栅栏.e.g. However, several major obstacles stand in our path towards leveraging topic modeling of structural patterns to enhance GCNs.9. vicinity:n. 周围地区; 邻近地区; 附近.e.g. The traits with which they engage are those that are performed in their vicinity.10. demerit: n. 过失,缺点,短处; (学校给学⽣记的)过失分e.g. However, their principal demerit is that their implementations are time-consuming when the studied network is large in size. Another介/副/连词1. notwithstanding:prep. 虽然;尽管 adv. 尽管如此.e.g. Notwithstanding this fundamental problem, the negative sampling strategy is often treated as a design choice.2. albeit: conj. 尽管;虽然e.g. Such methods rely on an implicit, albeit rigid, notion of node neighborhood; yet this one-size-fits-all approach cannot grapple with the diversity of real-world networks and applications.3. Hitherto:adv. 迄今;直到某时e.g. Hitherto, tremendous endeavors have been made by researchers to gauge the robustness of complex networks in face of perturbations.短语1.in a nutshell: 概括地说, 简⾔之, ⼀⾔以蔽之.e.g. In a nutshell, GNN are shown to be universal if four strong conditions are met: ...2. counter-intuitively: 反直觉地.3. on-the-fly:动态的(地), 运⾏中的(地).4. shed light on/into:揭⽰, 揭露; 阐明; 解释; 将…弄明⽩; 照亮.e.g. These contemporary works shed light into the stability and generalization capabilities of GCNs.e.g. Discovering roles and communities in networks can shed light on numerous graph mining tasks such as ...5. boil down to: 重点是; 将…归结为.e.g. These aforementioned works usually boil down to a general classification task, where the model is learnt on a training set and selected by checking a validation set.6. for the sake of:为了.e.g. The local structures anchored around each node as well as the attributes of nodes therein are jointly encoded with graph convolution for the sake of high-level feature extraction.7. dates back to:追溯到.e.g. The usual problem setup dates back at least to Becker and Hinton (1992).8. carry out:实施, 执⾏, 实⾏.e.g. We carry out extensive ablation studies and sensi- tivity analysis to show the effectiveness of the proposed functional time encoding and TGAT-layer.9. lay beyond the reach of:...能⼒达不到e.g. They provide us with information on higher-order dependencies between the components of a system, which lay beyond the reach of models that exclusively capture pairwise links.10. account for: ( 数量或⽐例上)占; 导致, 解释(某种事实或情况); 解释, 说明(某事); (某⼈)对(⾏动、政策等)负有责任; 将(钱款)列⼊(预算).e.g. Multilayer models account for the fact that many real complex systems exhibit multiple types of interactions.11. along with: 除某物以外; 随同…⼀起, 跟…⼀起.e.g. Along with giving us the ability to reason about topological features including community structures or node centralities, network science enables us to understand how the topology of a system influences dynamical processes, and thus its function.12. dates back to:可追溯到.e.g. The usual problem setup dates back at least to Becker and Hinton (1992) and can conceptually be described as follows: ...13. to this end:为此⽬的;为此计;为了达到这个⽬标.e.g. To this end, we consider a simple setup of learning a representation of the top half of MNIST handwritten digit images.14. Unless stated otherwise:除⾮另有说明.e.g. Unless stated otherwise, we use a bilinear critic $f(x, y) = x^TWy$, set the batch size to $128$ and the learning rate to $10^{−4}$.15. As a reference point:作为参照.e.g. As a reference point, the linear classification accuracy from pixels drops to about 84% due to the added noise.16. through the lens of:透过镜头. (以...视⾓)e.g. There are (at least) two immediate benefits of viewing recent representation learning methods based on MI estimators through the lens of metric learning.17. in accordance with:符合；依照；和…⼀致.e.g. The metric learning view seems hence in better accordance with the observations from Section 3.2 than the MI view.It can be shown that the anchors selected by our Graph Anchor LDA are not only indicative of “topics” but are also in accordance with the actual graph structures.18. be akin to:近似, 类似, 类似于.e.g. Thus, our learning model is akin to complex contagion dynamics.19. to name a few:仅举⼏例;举⼏个来说.e.g. Multitasking, multidisciplinary work and multi-authored works, to name a few, are ingrained in the fabric of science culture and certainly multi-multi is expected in order to succeed and move up the scientific ranks.20. a handful of:⼀把;⼀⼩撮;少数e.g. A handful of empirical work has investigated the robustness of complex networks at the community level.21. wreak havoc: 破坏;肆虐;严重破坏;造成破坏;浩劫e.g. Failures on one network could elicit failures on its coupled networks, i.e., networks with which the focal network interacts, and eventually those failures would wreak havoc on the entire network.22. apart from: 除了e.g. We further posit that apart from node $a$ node $b$ has $k$ neighboring nodes.。
【英文语法】 英文作文必备实用连接词大全
【英文语法】英文作文必备实用连接词大全连接词在写作上很有用，不管是任何语言，能善用连接词都能让文章内容前后呼应、脉络更清晰、条理更分明，读者能更容易阅读、更有效地得到文中想表达的讯息。
那么该如何使用各种连接词将句子及段落串连起来，使句子及整篇文章更顺畅呢？目录1. 转折 (1)2. 先后、层次（段落） (2)3. 层递（句子结构） (3)4. 并列 (3)5. 强调 (4)6. 因果 (5)7. 比较 (5)8. 对比 (6)9. 总结 (6)10. 举例 (7)1. 转折用途：前段或前句意思和后段不同，或有意义上的转折。
常用作连结两者，标示着有相反或相对的意思。
***小贴士：Although 和But 不能同时使用***2. 先后、层次（段落）用途：多散落并用于整篇文章之中，也可用于阐述论点。
使整篇文章有鲜明的结构，经常用于阐述数个论点，让读者知道文章架构，使他们易于阅读。
3. 层递（句子结构）用途：多用于阐述论点中、也可用于梳理整篇文章脉络。
用于说明两者或以上的事物，而每者皆有共通点。
通常以某种特定顺序排列说明，显现出层层递升或递降的表达方式、亦让读者了解到每者之间的既定关系。
4. 并列用途：用于说明两者或以上的事物，而每者皆有共通点。
每者没有先后次序之分，各个描述的事物的地位一样。
能让读者了解到各者的特点及共通点。
5. 强调用途：在句子及文章中强调部份内容，令论点更鲜明，突出要叙述的主体。
6. 因果用途：说明前者及后者的因果关系，指出两者当中的推演逻辑。
7. 比较用途：说明前者及后者的某种共通点，指出两者一致的地方，通常两者中有一个是主体，另一个则是比较对象，以比较对象突出主体的特别之处，用作描写或说明主体为主。
8. 对比用途：说明前者及后者的相异之处，指出两者当中的分别，通常两者中没有一个更突出，多为纯粹指出两者的差别，也用作反衬或突显主体。
***小贴士：部份对比的连接词也能表示转折的意思***9. 总结用途：标志着已完成之前的论点阐述，常用作归纳上文，并作出结论。
英文文章-论文写作常用词
为了：With a view to doing sth. (With a view to avoiding the inhomogeneous dispersion of rare-earth complexes within the silica matrix)with the aim of …(we have also investigated the preparation of cyclam-containing hybrid materials in the presence of a surfactant template with the aim of locating the cyclam moieties inside the framework.)In the goal to …（In the goal to extend the range of properties of these materials)In an effort to …(In an effort to produce new propene polymerisation catalyst systems which yield high molecular mass polypropylene with even greater specific isotacticities we have investigated the catalytic activity of mesoporous silicates with included chiral ansa-metallocenes.)首次：a original route to＋n. (a original route to Eu3+ containing hybrid materials.)相应的：the corresponding materials副产物：byproduct场发射扫描电镜：field-emission scanning electron microscopy平均半径：mean diameter (with 100μm mean diameter)就…而言：with respect to… (The preparation of mesoporous silicas which exhibit good hydrothermal stability (in hot water and under steaming conditions) is one ofthe most important requirements with respect to their use.)除了…之外：in addition to… (another V(V) species in distorted octahedral coordination starts to appear in addition to V10O286- for high vanadium content of V/(V+ Si) ) 48%.)Aside from… (Aside from a thicker pore wall, the framework crosslinkingwas higher than for conventional MCM-41, as indicated by 29Si MASNMR.)除了…：Except for… (Except for a slight decrease in the d spacing, compaction at 185 MPa does not have any significant effect on the XRD pattern of AlMCM4.)except that… (The experimental procedures were exactly as described aboveexcept that during the secondary synthesis the heating at 150 °C was performedfor 96, 140 or 168 h.)save for… (Incorporation of organic functional groups (MPTMS) inside thestructures appeared to have little influence on the structure and morphology ofthe mesostructures, save for slight lattice and pore diameter contractions uponincreasing organosilane group loading.)定向生长：The phased growth产生…：gi ve rise to… (The latter method gives rise to MCM-41 materials of excellent quality, but seems to be less convenient, since the structure directing agentsrequired are not readily available and need to be synthesized.)生物活性分子：bioactive molecules范例：paradigm剧烈地：vigorously代替…：in place of… (by using n-butanol as co-surfactant in place of ethanol)本身的，固有的：intrinsic摩尔比：a liquid/solid ratio of 50; an olefin/TBHP molar ratio of 4好的结果：a positive effect on…有…的结构：with…architecture (Organically-modified mesoporous silica spheres with MCM-41 architecture)with… type of structure (A series of new mesoporous silica materials withMCM-41 type of structure containing a homogeneous layer of organicfunctional groups inside the pores was prepared using a co-condensationmethod under low surfactant concentration condition.)残留的：residual红外：Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR),因素：factor数量级的：order-of–magnitude (order-of–magnitude enhancements)与…一致：In accord with…(In accord with the tetrahedral siting of aluminum, the Br¢nsted acidity of these steamstable mesostructures was verified throughcumene cracking experiments.)Consistent with… (Consistent with elemental analysis, an increase in the Alconcentration on the framework walls was observed by XPS analysis.)be identical to… (A 150 °C onset decomposition temperature is consistentlyobserved for externally adsorbed on MCM-41 and is identical to thatobserved for pure 1.)be consistent with… (This is consistent with the incorporation of increasingamounts tetrahedral Al into the framework and is in part due to the longerAl–O bond length compared to the Si–O bond.)be in line with…(This is in line with the notion that the acid-mademesoporous materials are, in general, less stable than those synthesized viathe alkaline route.)50% 的Si被官能化：50% organo-functionalization of the framework silicon sites部分地：in part (We attribute the unique hydrothermal stability of Al-MSU-S at least in part to the retention of a zeolite-like connectivity of AlO4 and SiO4 tetrahedraupon assembling the zeolite seeds into a mesostructure.)在…的支持下：in support of…(in support of the importance of a zeolite-like connectivity)在…的基础上：On the basis of… (On the basis of the relationship between 27Al chemical shift and the mean bond angle in framework aluminosilicates, the meanAl-O-Si angle is substantially smaller (by~8°) in Al-MSU-S than inpreviously reported forms of Al-MCM-41.)比…好：be superior over…(the catalytic activities of the new materials are superior over conventional materials such as Al-MCM-41 and Al-SBA-15.)outperform (In the alkylation and isomerization reactions, the hybrid catalystsignificantly outperformed some of the alternative solid resin catalystscurrently used, e.g., Nafion resin NR 50 and Amberlyst-15.)归因于…：be assigned that…(This phenomenon is also assigned that the preformed L nanoclusters are fixed in the wall of mesoporous aluminosilicates by theassembly of preformed zeolite L precursors with surfactant micelle.)be attributable to…(It is clear that the improved hydrothermal stability ofMSUG, like SBA-15, is attributable in large part to the thicker frameworkwalls (2.5 nm) in comparison to MCM-41, KIT-1, and SBA-3.)be attributed to… (The instability of these structures has been attributed inpart to the thinness and incomplete crosslinking of the pore walls)be due to…(It was concluded that the increased acidity of hydrothermallytreated CAH5 and CAP10 was due to an increase in the Al/Si ratio in theframework.)在…之中：Of the three forms of polypropene, the highly ordered, high molecular mass isotactic form is the most important.研究热点：active area of research (The application of acid zeolites for the production of fine chemicals is currently an active area of research)所有的样品：all of the samples控温装置：temperature controller压力表：pressure gauge更具体的说：More specifically ( The TDS process consists of a direct displacement of quaternary alkylammonium surfactant cation by desired silyl group, whichin fact is the replacement of electrostatic interactions at theorganic-inorganic interface by covalent bonds. More specifically, theinteracting pairs ≡Si-O-∙∙∙S+ (≡Si-O- is a unit of silicate oligomer and S+ isthe surfactant cation) are replaced by covalent bonds ≡Si-O-SiR`2R.)差异：discrepancy (However, a large discrepancy observed for the model with hydrolyzed side groups led us to the conclusion that alkoxy groups did not hydrolyze during the TDS process.)与…相关：correlate with…(The aforementioned changes correlate with the silane’s size.)be associated with…(In the published progress, several reasons areassociated with the enhanced hydrothermal stability of mesoporous silica.)be linked to…(We show that the amount of gold incorporated within thematerials is linked to the amount of mercapto functions and varies from 1.05to 16.1 wt %.)经验方法：empirical fashions. (However, because zeolite nucleation and growth is not well understood at a molecular level, most of the zeolite syntheses haveevolved according to empirical fashions.)倾向…：be inclined toward…(On the other hand, the product after 2 days of aging was inclined toward various distribution of Al in the framework, resulting in highSi/Al ratio.)不是…而是…：be not…but rather be… (Energy minimizations show that Na cations in site I are not at the centers of hexagonal prisms, but rather are in one oftwo symmetric SI sites displaced by about 0.6 Å along the [111]direction.)be not…but …(However, in contrast to zeolitic materials, thetemplates are not single organic molecules but liquidcrystallineself-assembled surfactant molecules. )受制于…：be subjected to…(nomeric bonded phases are subject to serious effects arising primarily from an unsatisfactory hydrolytic stability of the Si-O-Si-Clinkage, particularly under moderately acidic or slightly alkaline elutionconditions, and to a lesser extent from a relatively limited organic coverage.) 原则上：In principle (In principle, this method should provide not only a closer attachment and a denser coverage of organic functionalities but also a morehydrolytically stable bonded phase than that obtained by the correspondingSi-O-Si-C linkage)由…组成：be comprised of… (The purpose of our work is to explore the possibility of synthesizing zeolites that are comprised of intergrowths of cubic andhexagonal stackings of faujasite sheets and vary in the ratio ofcubic/hexagonal content.)突破：breakthrough (A recent breakthrough in improving both the hydrothermal stability and acidity of mesoporous aluminosilicates has been made through the use of nanoclustered zeolite seeds as frameworkprecursors)相当地：comparatively (It was concluded that the enhanced reactivity was a result of a comparatively short pore length and the more facile access of the reagents tothe acidic sites on the framework walls.)不大可能：It is unlikely that… (It is unlikely that the framework wall of MCM-41 can be transformed to a crystalline zeolite phase while still maintaining thehexagonal MCM-41 mesostructure.)如上所述：As stated above (As stated above, this band arises from the five-membered ring of vibrations of pentasil zeolite building subunits.)不同的时间：different periods of time (Structural changes caused by heating in water at 373 K for different periods of time(from 3 hours to 32 days) and bycalcination at 973-1273 K were investigated in order to assess thehydrothermal and thermal stability of FDU-1.)更重要的是…：What is more important is… (What is more important is that within themesoscale pore walls, micropore arrays with more or less periodicityare found (especially in those areas marked with circles or rectangles inFigures 7 and 8).More importantly (More importantly, there are significant structuraldifferences between MCM-41 and HMS silicas.)是合理的：it is logical to do… (Based on these observations it is logical to conclude that the small particles are (nonframework) amorphous silica which is removedduring refluxing (by dissolution), leaving the Al-grafted MCM-41framework (i.e., the large particle aggregates) intact.)最令人感兴趣的是：Of particular interest are (were) …(Of particular interest areAl-containing materials which may be used as solid acid catalysts.) 以…为代价：be at the expense of… (The increase in wall thickness is at the expense of pore diameter which reduces from 31.6 Å for PSMCM to 25.8 Å forAlMCM5.)对…敏感：be sensitive to … (It was also observed that the course of the hydrothermal restructuring was very sensitive to the experimental conditions, such astemperature.)为了比较：For comparison purposes (For comparison purposes we prepared Al-grafted amorphous silica using an ACH solution of Al concentration 0.24 mol/l andalso subjected PSMCM to alumination by 0.24 mol/l solutions of aluminiumchloride or sodium aluminate. )由于：Owing to… (Owing to the weak hydrogen bonding interactions, more than 90% of the neutral template can be recovered by a simple extraction procedure using ethanol as extracting solvent.)注意到…：be aware of… (We are aware of only two reports that provide some insight into the thermal stability of OMSs with cage-like pores at temperatures up to1123 K, and two reports on the hydrothermal stability of these materials,including the aforementioned work on FDU-1.)keep in mind that (However, we must keep in mind that the reaction itselfwill be very efficient if each absorbed photon can lead to the the formation ofa product molecule.)与…成正比：be proportional to… (Based on the pore size distribution shown in Figure 3, the amount of these structural defects formed is proportional to the amountof Al substituted in the sample.)与…成反比：be inversely proportional to… (The quantum yield for an ideal system, Φ, is proportional to the rate of the charge transfer processes and inverselyproportional to the sum of the charge transfer rate and the electron holerecombination rate)在…中占主导：be prevailing in… (Such a structure is prevailing in HCM, as can be found from the TEM images at lower magnification.)在图的右下角：in the bottom right corner of the image对…有害：be detrimental to…(Too high an ssembly temperature, however, is detrimental to mesostructure ormation through S0I0 assembly pathways.)对…有益：be conducive to… (The extremely high specific surface areas are conducive to high catalytic activity.)参看下文：vide infra参看上文：vide supra与…不同：be different from (The formation mechanism, composition, and properties are different from those of MCM-41 materials synthesized under alkalineconditions.)受到关注：be of concern (However, the stability of these materials in aqueous solutions is of concern.)一开始：at [in] the outset (It should be noted at the outset that a clean, uncoated silica surface is perfectly wetting, such that the contact angle of water on a fullyhydroxylated silica surface is zero.)有益于…：be conducive to… (Moreover, the large diameter and wormhole nature of the pore channels in these oxides are conducive to the formation of functionalmaterials in which the reactive species are highly dispersed within theframework and quantitatively accessible for reaction with adsorbatemolecules.)受…启发：be inspired by… (Our procedure was inspired by that described by Prouzet et al. leading to MSU silica by using tergitol as structure-directing agent.)不管…：regardless of whether… (Both titaniasupported catalysts exhibited higher activity for CO oxidation than the silica, supported ones, regardless of whetherthey were pre-treated in H2 or not.)irrespective of… (Platinum-free, white AMM-Ti exhibited only a very weakactivity, irrespective of excitation in the UV or visible spectral region.)这样就…：in such a way as…(However, the ligand-assisted templating technique provided a shielding effect by the inorganic components on the amphiphilehead groups in such a way as to favor selfassembly versus solubilization ofthe templating agents.)在其他条件相同时：Under otherwise the same conditions (Under otherwise the same conditions, a HMS-SO3H prepared via co-condensation gave 52%yield within 10 h, presumably because of its more open structure.) 被…影响，顺序是…：The light-conversion efficiency of the valence isomerization ofquadricyclene to its ring-opened isomer norbornadiene isinfluenced by the identity of the photocatalyst (TiO2, CdS, orZnO) and the solvent (CH2Cl2, CH3CN, or THF) used, with thechemical yield of ring-closed product decreasing in thefollowing order CdS > TiO2>ZnO and CH2Cl2> CH3CN >THF.大多：in most cases (The selective photofluorination of olefins, phosphines, andphosphites on illuminated TiO2in the presence of AgF inacetonitrile produces, in most cases, a single fluorinatedproduct.)服从于…：be amenable to (Toxic phosphorus-containing substrates are amenable tophotocatalyzed decomposition, ultimately to completelymineralized products, over illuminated semiconductorsuspensions.)因为：in the sense that (The excitation of a weak transition will not effectively induce aphotochemical reaction in the sense that few of the deliveredphotons will actually be absorbed.)与…竞争：In competition with…(In competition with charge transfer to adsorbedspecies is electron and hole recombination.)与…对照：in total contrast to… (Complete mineralization has been achieved in the caseof lanthanide oxide doped TiO2 photocatalysts in totalcontrast to the formation of intermediates in case ofnonmodified TiO2.)是…倍：be…times (The equilibrium dark adsorption of salicylic acid and t-cinnamic acidis ca.three times and two times higher, respectively, on thelanthanide oxide modified catalysts as compared to the nonmodifiedTiO2 catalyst.)不是这样：that was not the case (When an electrode coated with 1 was irradiated at different wavelengths in a standard photoelectrochemical cell, a photocurrentwas observed also in the visible region; that was not the case whenunmodified titania was employed.)不足：drawback（A serious drawback in such systems, however, is that the surfactants）研究目的：main objectives失重（热重分析）：weight-loss。
高考英文写作中常用的逻辑词
高考英文写作中常用的逻辑词、句1. 并列关系 and, furthermore, more than that, also, likewise, moreover, in addition, what is more, for instance, for example 2. 转折关系 although, however, on the contrary, but, in spite of, nevertheless, yet, otherwise, despite 3. 顺序关系 first, second, third, and so on, then, after, before, next 4. 因果关系 as a result, for, thus, because, for this reason, so, therefore, as, since, consequently, on account of 5. 归纳关系 as a result, finally, therefore, accordingly, in short, thus, consequently, in conclusion, so, in brief, in a word 几个用得比较多的句子: As far as I am concerned, the advantages of … outweigh its disadvantages.Nevertheless, the disadvantages of … is undeniable. To sum up/ In general/ On the whole/ In brief/ In short/ In a word, it is true that … bring about both positive and negative results. But we can try our best to reduce the negative influence to the least extent. Obviously, in every aspect, … This diagram unfolds a clear comparison between…and… As to the other three, though the growth rates were not so high, they were indeed remarkable and impressive. 英文作文中常用套句 下文中出现的A,B, “...”(某事物), "sb"( somebody), 要在写作中要根据上下文进行适当替换. 开头: When it comes to ..., some think ... There is a public debate today that ... A is a commen way of ..., but is it a wise one? Recentaly the problem has been brought into focus. 提出观点: Now there is a growing awareness that... It is time we explore the truth of ... Nowhere in history has the issue been more visible. 进一步提出观点: ... but that is only part of the history. Another equally important aspect is ... A is but one of the many effects. Another is ... Besides, other reasons are... 提出假想例子的方式: Suppose that... Just imagine what would be like if... It is reasonable to expect... It is not surprising that... 举普通例子: For example(instance),... ... such as A,B,C and so on (so forth) A good case in point is... A particular example for this is... 引用: One of the greatest early writers said ... "Knowledge is power", such is the remard of ... "......". That is how sb comment ( criticize/ praise...). "......". How often we hear such words like there. 讲故事 (先说故事主体),this story is not rare. ..., such delimma we often meet in daily life. ..., the story still has a realistic significance. 提出原因: There are many reasons for ... Why .... , for one thing,... The answer to this problem involves many factors. Any discussion about this problem would inevitably involves ... The first reason can be obiviously seen. Most people would agree that... Some people may neglect that in fact ... Others suggest that... Part of the explanation is ... 进行对比: The advantages for A for outweigh the disadvantages of... Although A enjoys a distinct advantage ... Indeed , A carries much weight than B when sth is concerned. A maybe ... , but it suffers from the disadvantage that... 承上启下: To understand the truth of ..., it is also important to see... A study of ... will make this point clear 让步: Certainly, B has its own advantages, such as... I do not deny that A has its own merits. 结尾: >From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that ... In summary, it is wiser ... In short... 在作文中引用合适的名言警句,会给你的文章增色许多。
英文写作过渡词大全
Signal / Transitional Words and Phrases过渡词大全（信号词）Addition:表：此外；还有；加之；and, also, too, either, 也 as well, 同样not only……but also,not only……but，besides，in addition，另外as well as;除…以外moreover 此外，而且Sequence: 顺序词: Time order; space order; logical orderin the first place, 首先first of all, 首先to begin with, 首先firstly, 首先at first 开始时=at the beginningfor a start, 首先then, and then 然后again, next, 再者；其次；afterward, subsequently，随后besides, in addition, 此外additionally,加之moreover, what's more,furthermore, 此外，而且one more thing,此外a further, 此外for one thing,首先for another,另外previously, 之前meanwhile, 以此同时simultaneously, 同时concurrently,同时in the middle/processof=duringlastly, 最后 finally,in the end；eventually最后last but not least,最后Time sequence words & expressions:时间顺序词1.now, nowadays, at present…;现在，现阶段2.when, before, after, as, while, during…;3.the moment…正当…4.as soon as…一…就….5.hardly….when…. 一…就….6.scarcely…when…一…就….7.no sooner…than…. 一…就….8.be about to…正要9.once …一旦10.between…and….;11.in…(year), . in 1997; in 2000st ……; yesterday morning;13. on Friday, on Friday morning,14. in July, in winter15.on the eve of the Spring Festival…除夕之夜16.on the Mid-Autumn Day;中秋夜17.on the evening of the Mid-autumn Day18.on the National Day19.during the 8-day holiday20.over the last 10 years/decade21.in the day(day-time), at night,22.in the morning/evening/afternoon;23.at daybreak, at sunrise, at sunset,24.at noon, at midnight,25.at the end of this/last month/year;26.by the end of this/last year； by the time…27.at that time, then, just then,28.since…; from then on29.recently,( in) those days,( in) these dayster, afterwards, earlier, formerly, ….later, later on.31.at the turn of century32.in the first half of the century33.in the 1990s, etc.34.in the future, in recent future, in 2015,35.at birth, in childhood, in infancy （年少时）,36. in adolescence（青春期）；37.when I was young, when I was a little boy/girl,38.in my teens, when I was a teenager,39.in my early/middle/late 20s40.as an adult, in adult-hood, in old ages在晚年,41.at death.42.Simultaneously, simultaneous with, at the same time, in the meantime, as, meanwhile43. the former, the latter, previous, previously, prior to,44.Ex-president, ex-girlfriend45.first, second, third,…finally.46.Firstly, secondly, thirdly……..47.In the first place, in the second place, etc.48.To begin with, next, then, subsequently=afterwards, in the next place;49.In conclusion, finally, lastly, in the end, eventually,.50.Until， till now，so far;51.Before long= soon,不久52.long before很久以前53.at this time tomorrow;54.by the time when…ter on 后来56.For the time being 到目前为止；暂时57.In two weeks’ time 两周后58.In two weeks from today 离今天两周的时间内59.Sometime next week 下周的某个时候60.This time next week 下个星期的这个时候61.Time and time again 再三62.From time to time. I see him from time to time 我不时地去看他63.Ok, time`s out. let’s come back to this later. 好，时间到了。
英文万能单词作文模板
英文万能单词作文模板英文回答：Introduction。
The English language is a vast and complex tapestry of words, each with its own unique meaning and usage. However, there are a handful of words that stand out as true workhorses, capable of expressing a wide range of ideas and emotions. These words, often referred to as "万能单词" or "all-purpose words," are essential tools in the arsenal of any proficient English speaker.The Versatility of All-Purpose Words。
All-purpose words are characterized by theirversatility and adaptability. They can be used in a variety of contexts, from formal writing to casual conversation. Their meanings are often fluid, shifting depending on the surrounding words and tone of voice. This flexibility makesthem invaluable for expressing complex ideas with precision and nuance.Common All-Purpose Words。
英文写作中常用的逻辑词汇（CommonlogicalwordsinEnglishWriting）
英文写作中常用的逻辑词汇（Common logical words in EnglishWriting）1。
并列关系此外，除此之外，同样，此外，还有，例如，更重要的是，例如2。
转折关系虽然，然而，相反的，但是，尽管如此，然而，，否则，尽管三.顺序关系第一，二，第三，等等，然后，后，前，下4。
因果关系因此，因此，由于这个原因，因此，因此，因此，由于5。
归纳关系因此，最后，因此，总之，因此，总之，总之，总之，一个词。
几个用得比较多的句子：就我而言，……的优点大于缺点。
然而……的缺点是不可否认的。
总的来说/总之/简而言之/一句话，……是真的，结果是正面的，也有负面的。
但我们可以努力使消极影响降到最低程度。
显然，在各个方面，…图表之间的比较明确和…至于其他三个，虽然增长率不高，但确实令人印象深刻。
英文作文中常用套句下文中出现的A，B，“…”（某事物），“某人”（某人），要在写作中要根据上下文进行适当替换。
开头：当谈到……时，有人认为…今天有一场公开辩论…是一种常见的方式…，但这种做法明智吗？最近这个问题已经成了焦点。
提出观点：现在人们越来越意识到…现在是我们探索真理的时候了…历史上这种问题更加明显。
进一步提出观点：…但这只是历史的一部分。
另一个同样重要的方面是…A只是众多效果中的一个。
另一个是…此外，其他原因是…提出假想例子的方式：假设…试想一下，如果…期待是合理的…这并不奇怪…举普通例子：例如（例如），……比如A、B、C等等（等等）一个很好的例子是…这是一个特别的例子…引用：最伟大的早期作家之一说…“知识就是力量”，这是remard…“……”。
这是某人的评论（批评/表扬…）。
“……”。
我们经常听到这样的话吗？。
讲故事（先说故事主体），这个故事并不罕见。
…，在日常生活中我们经常会遇到这样的困境。
…，故事仍然具有现实意义。
提出原因：原因有很多…为什么....一件事，…这个问题的答案涉及很多因素。
任何对此问题的讨论都不可避免地涉及到…第一个原因可以明显看出。
英语写作高频形容词
英语写作高频形容词英语写作高频形容词汇总十句英文句子中有八句都会出现形容词，形容词在英文语句中可以说是灵魂角色，用得好可以让你的英语语言更加生动、准确。
今天店铺整理了老外每天都在讲的高频形容词，一起学习下。
高频率形容词 Adjective1. different 不同的2. used二手的A used car is definitely cheaper than a new one. 二手车肯定比新车还便宜。
3. important 重要的4. every每一个5. large大的6. available 可取得的;有空的Wireless Internet is not available in the basement. 地下室里是无法接收到无线网路的。
Are you available tonight? I wanna find someone togo shopping with me.你今晚有空吗?我想找人一起去购物。
7. popular流行的8. able有…能力的Are you able to move that heavy table to my bedroom?你有办法把那张笨重的桌子搬到我房间吗?9. basic基本的10. impressive 令人印象深刻的Thanks for inviting me to the concert. It was animpressive and unforgettable experience! 谢谢你邀请我参加演唱会，这是个令人印象深刻且难忘的经验!11. various 许多的You can find various ingredients in that grocerystore. 你可以在杂货店找到很多食材。
12. difficult 困难的13. several 几个;一些14. easy 简单的15. historical历史的There is a historical collection of weapons in thatexhibition. 那个展览中有武器的历史收藏品。
英语作文的写作连接词
英语搭配、写作中的连接词1.in/ by contrast 对比之下2. unfortunately 不幸地3. though/ although 尽管4. even though 即使5. anyway 无论如何6. after all 毕竟7. all the same 依然; 照样8. in fact/ as a matter of fact 事实上9. fortunately 幸运地10. however 然而11. in spite of 尽管; 虽然12. at the same time 同时; 然而13. otherwise 否则14. on the contrary 相反15. especially 尤其16. There are two sides to everything.有关“承” 的连接词语, 用来承接上下文.1.by this time 此时2. at the same time 同时3. after a while 过了一会儿4. after a few days 几天以后5. second/ secondly 第二; 第二点6. in addition另外7. besides/ what’s more 另外8. by the way 顺便提一句9. in other words 换句话说10. in particular/ particularly 特别地11. worse still 更糟的是11.in the same way 同样地12.obviously 明显地13. no doubt 无疑地14. for example/ for instance 例如15. therefore 因此16. indeed 的确17. unlike 不象… 18. certainly 当然19. for another 其次20. still 仍然21.similarly 同样地英语作文中表因果的连接词therfore consequently because of for the reason thus hence due to owing to so accordingly thanks to on this account since as on that account in this way for as a result as a consequence有关“起” 的l 连接词语, 用语开篇或引出扩展句. 1. at first/ in the beginning 起初2. at present 现在; 当今3. recently/ lately 最近 4. first/ firstly/ first of all 第一5. generally speaking 一般地说6. on the whole 总的说来7. It is well understood that … 8. There goes a saying that …. 9.for one thing… for another/ also 首先…其次10.presently 此刻; 现在11. to begin with/ to start with 首先; 第一12. in general 一般来说13. on the o ne hand… on the other hand 一方面… 另一方面14. As the saying goes, ‘…胶水词就像英语的骨架一样重要，学会了胶水词，同时拥有词组的累积，你就可以轻松灵活的造出任何需要的长句，让你的英文交流如鱼得水。
英文写作技巧避免使用模糊和不准确的词语
英文写作技巧避免使用模糊和不准确的词语在英文写作中，避免使用模糊和不准确的词语是非常关键的。
准确清晰的表达可以帮助读者更好地理解作者的意图，并且更准确地传达信息。
本文将介绍一些应对这个问题的有效技巧。
首先，要避免使用模糊的词语，作者需要确保自己的表达足够具体和明确。
一个常见的例子是使用形容词“好的”(good)来描述事物。
这个词过于广泛，缺乏具体信息，使得读者无法准确地理解作者的意思。
相比之下，使用更具体的形容词，如“出色的”(excellent)、“令人满意的”(satisfactory)等，可以为读者提供更多细节，使得表达更具体。
其次，要避免使用不准确的词语，作者需要确保所使用的词与自己的意图相符。
一个常见的例子是使用动词“做”(do)。
虽然“做”是一个非常通用的动词，但它的使用范围过于广泛，缺乏具体意义。
为了更准确地传达信息，作者应该尽量使用更具体的动词，如“制作”(create)、“完成”(accomplish)等。
这样可以使得文章更加具体明确，让读者更容易理解。
此外，使用适当的形容词和副词也是避免模糊和不准确的词语的有效方法。
形容词和副词可以为句子添加更多的信息，使得句子更具体且更丰富。
例如，使用“非常快速地”(very fast)而不是“快”(fast)可以使得读者更准确地理解作者要表达的速度。
再者，要尽量避免使用含混的词语。
有时候，一些词语的含义可能因为语境的变化而有所不同。
为了避免混淆，作者需要特别注意词语的准确用法。
在写作过程中，可以参考词典或其他语言资源以确保所使用的词语具有准确的含义。
另外，对于一些具有多种解释的词语，可以在使用时给出明确的定义，以避免引起误解。
最后，积累更多的词汇也是避免使用模糊和不准确词语的重要方法。
拓展词汇量可以帮助作者更好地选择准确和具体的词语，从而提高文章的准确性和清晰度。
通过阅读和学习，积累更多的词汇可以让作者的写作更加丰富有力。
综上所述，避免使用模糊和不准确的词语在英文写作中至关重要。
英文写作中的过渡词使用技巧
英文写作中的过渡词使用技巧过渡词（transition words）在英文写作中起着连接和衔接各个句子、段落，使文章流畅和有逻辑性的重要作用。
适当使用过渡词可以使文章更易读、更有条理。
然而，要注意过渡词的使用要适度，不要过度依赖，以免影响文章的美感和表达力。
1. 表示添加关系的过渡词在英文写作中，我们经常需要表达添加关系。
适用于此场景的过渡词有“in addition”，“furthermore”，“moreover”等。
例如，“In addition, studying abroad can broaden one's horizons and enhance one's understanding of different cultures.”2. 表示递进关系的过渡词在文章中，递进关系的表达常常需要使用过渡词来连接。
适用于此场景的过渡词包括“furthermore”，“besides”，“additionally”等。
例如，“Furthermore, regular exercise not only improves physical health, but also enhances cognitive function.”3. 表示转折关系的过渡词有时候我们需要在文章中表达一种转折关系，使用过渡词可以使这种转折关系更加明确。
适用于此场景的过渡词有“however”，“nevertheless”，“on the contrary”等。
例如，“However, it is important to note that technology can also be addictive and detrimental to mental health if not used in mod eration.”4. 表示比较关系的过渡词当我们需要对两个或多个事物进行比较时，使用过渡词可以帮助我们更好地表达。
英文写作术语大全
英文写作术语大全（中英文对照）abstract words抽象词acknowledgement致谢active voice主动语态affirmative sentence肯定句agent施动者alliteration头韵ambiguity歧义American English美式英语analogy类比analytic expression分析型表达anastrophe词语倒装法anticlimax order突降法anti-rhetorical反修辞antithesis对照\对偶antonomasia换称antonym反义词apostrophe撇号(即') appositive同位语archaic words古词argumentation议论文argumentative writing议论文写作article冠词ascending order递增法association联想attitude态度audience听众awkwardness拙劣balanced sentence平衡句base词根beginning开头beginning paragraph开头段落between sentences句际bibliography书目big words大词block contrast批对比法body主体bookish verbs学究式动词brainstorming头脑风暴法brevity简练British English英式英语broken sentence破碎句capitalization用大写case study案例分析casual style非正式文体causal analysis因果分析cause-effect development由因到果发展法central thought中心思想Chinese interference中文干扰Chinglish中国式英语choice of words选词choppy sentence断续句循环圆周结构circumlocutory兜圈子的clarity明晰classical rhetoric古典修辞模式classification分类发展法clear reference of pronoun代词前指明晰clear sentence意义明晰句cliché陈词滥调climax order递增顺序clipped words词省略拼法closing paragraph结尾段落coherence连贯coherent连贯的cohesion粘着性cohesive device粘着手段collective noun集体名词collocation搭配colloquial口语化的colloquial context口语语境colloquialism口语化colon冒号combination句子合并组合法comma逗号common words普通词常用语communication means交际手段comparison比较法Complete essay checklist作品核查项目单complete sentence完整句complex sentence复杂句complimentary close结尾套语compound sentence复合句复杂复合句conceptual repetition概念重复法concise简洁conclusion结论concrete illustration具体阐明concrete words实义词confusing sentence意义混乱句conjunction连词connective联系词connotation内涵connotative meaning内涵意义conscious logic逻辑意识consistency一致性consistent diction选词一致性consonant辅音consultative style商谈体content内容context语境contraction省略contrast对比法controlling idea主要思想，conversion词性转换表达法co-occurrence共现coordinating conjunction复合句连词coordination复合correlation相关性corrupt English 迂腐英语cross-cultural writing跨文化写作culture文化curriculum vitae简历dangling modifier悬垂修饰语dash破折号dateline写信日期栏declarative sentence陈述句deduction演绎法deductive演绎逻辑的deductive argumentation演绎论证definite article定冠词definition定义法denotation外延denotative meaning外延意义descending order递降顺序description描写descriptive描述性的descriptive writing描写文development发展diagram图表说明diction选词differentiation区别digressive跑题、离题的，印象法描写的直接法direct thinking pattern直接了当的思维模式directions题义指令discourse pattern篇章模式distance from tone语调产生距离，偏离计划主题division分析分类法documenting the paper论文引证domesticating strategy归化战略domestication归化法drably表达干巴draft草稿effect-cause development由果到因发展法effective paragraph表述有力的段落effective sentence表达有力的句子effective variety表达有力的变化egalitarian(思维)平等化elaboration进一步详尽阐述electronic news media电子新闻媒体embedding structure内嵌结构emotional coloring感情色彩emphasis强调emphatic phrases强调性短语emphatic structure强调性结构emphatic words强调性词语ending结尾ending paragraph结尾段落English thinking英语思维English thinking characters英语思维特征English thinking pattern英语思维模式enumeration列举法epigrammatic effect隽语效果establish context确立语境establish rapport建立沟通基础euphemism委婉语evaluating information评估材料evidence证据exclamation mark感叹号exclamatory sentence感叹句exemplification举例法expected functions（信件的）期望交际功能expletive虚词\填充词explicit language明示的语言explicitness明示性exposition阐述文\议论文expository writing议论文写作expounding解释详细说明expressionism表现主义fallacy in argumentation论证谬误familiar熟悉的faulty parallelism错误平行feedback反馈fiery language情绪激动的语言figure of speech修辞filler words填充词first draft第一稿first-person point of view第一人称flashback倒叙focus中心foreignization外化法foreignizing strategy外化战略formal 正式的formal letter正式信函formal repetition形式重复法formal style正式文体formal words正式体词语formulating thesis statement写作主题句four-character expression(汉语)四字成语fragmental sentence破碎句free choice自由选择frequency of usage使用频率frozen expressions极正式用语frozen style极正式文体full spelling完全拼法full stop句号fullness(段落发展)充分性general connotation普遍内涵意义general pattern常见形式general words一般词汇generalization概括法general-specific pattern由概括到具体发展模式genres风格、体裁gobbledygook官样文章、冗长费解的语言grammatical devices语法技巧grammaticality符合语法性heading信头historical association历史联想hyperbole夸张法hyphen分号hyphenated words用连字号连接的词hyponymy下义关系hyponym下义词ideographic synonym相对近义词idiom成语idiomatic usage习惯用法illustration佐证imperative sentence祈使句impersonal非个性化的、客观的implicit language含蓄语言implicitness含蓄implied meaning隐含意义impressionistic description印象描写法indefinite article不定冠词indent行缩进in-depth analysis深度分析individual words独立个体词individualistic个性化induction归纳法inductive归纳法的inductive argumentation归纳法论证法inductive reasoning归纳法论证infinitive mark不定式标记inflexible and explicit logic刚性显性逻辑informal非正式的informal letter非正式信函information focus信息中心information missing信息遗漏informative提供信息的、提供知识的innuendo讽刺、暗指inside address信内地址interpretation of examples对例子的诠释interpretative reporting诠释性报告interrogative sentence疑问句interrupting expressions插入短语intimate亲密intimate style亲密体inverted pyramid form倒金字塔形式inverted word order词序颠倒法involved modifiers复杂修饰语involved sentence意义复杂句irony反语jargon行话journalese新闻体journalistic writing新闻写作justify the significance论证意义keep to the point紧扣主题key words关键词lack of inflection缺少词形变化language problem语言问题learned words学术用词lengthy passage过长段落letter信函levels of usage用法层次lexical reference句法前指法lexical stylistic devices句法风格技巧line shifting换行linear thinking pattern线形思维模式listing列举literal meaning字面意义literary context文学性语境literary works文学作品literature review文献回顾litotes反语法、间接肯定法、曲言法locating information搜索定位材料logical paragraphing逻辑分段法logical thinking modes逻辑思维模式，逻辑词逻辑短语logicalness逻辑性long sentence长句loose sentence松散句loss of style偏离一贯的风格main body主体main idea主要思想main point要点manuscript手稿、原稿margin页边距materials collecting材料搜集materials sorting材料析选maxim of manner方式次则maxim of quality质量次则maxim of quantity数量次则maxim of relevance相关次则meaning意义means手段mechanical English缺乏灵活的英语message信息messy混乱metaphor隐喻metonymy借代midget words小词、常用词militant tone态度强硬的语调misplaced modifier错位修饰语modifier修饰语monotony单调mood语态mood shifting语态转换mouth-filler口头禅narration叙述体narrative叙述体的narrative writing叙述体写作nature of English language英语语言本质neat整洁negative meaning负面意义negative sentence否定句newly coined words新撰词news report新闻报道news report top-heavy新闻报道的头重模式nominalization名词化non-literature works非文学作品nonrestrictive clause非限制性从句nonrestrictive phrase非限制性短语nonverbal language非言语语言（手势、表情等）noun-oriented sentence倾向名词化的句子novel小说number数number shifting数的转换objective description客观描写obscurity意义不明on equal footing（写作风格）平等化one-sentence paragraph一句段落onomatopoeia拟声词opening paragraph开头段落organization组织outline提纲oxymoron矛盾修饰法padded expression兜圈子的表达parady仿拟paragraph段落独立实体的段落paragraph development段落发展法paragraphing分段法parallel structure平行结构parallelism平行结构parentheses插入语\圆括弧parenthetical expressions插入语passive sentence被动句period句号periodic sentence圆周句person人称person shifting人称转换personal个体化的personal connotation对个体而言的内涵意义personal letter个人信函personification拟人化persuasive writing劝服性写作、以劝说为目的的写作phonetic stylistic device语音风格技巧phrasal verbs短语动词plain sentence相对修辞句的平白句plantification拟物point意义点point of view观点point-by-point contrast逐点对比polite礼貌体的poor English英语表达力贫乏的positional relation位置相关positivist-empirical经验实证性power of communication沟通力practical writing应用文写作precise word表达精确的词汇precision精确prefix前缀preparatory reading写作预备阅读preposition介词presenting ideas阐述观点prewriting写作前printed name of the sender印刷体写信人姓名printed news media印刷体新闻媒体problem-solution提出问题-解决问题的模式process程序法pronoun代词pronoun shifting代词转换proofread校对proper names专有名词public（语篇系统特征）公开性pun双关语punctuation标点punctuation mark标点符号purposefulness目的性Queen's English标准英语question mark问号quotation引用quotation mark引号quoted speech引语reader读者readers-oriented读者为中心的reader-responsible读者文责的reasoning论证redundant collocation多余搭配reference line参考行register语域句际关系relative noun关系名词relative synonym相对近义词repetition重复repetition of structure结构重复法report writing报告写作research paper writing研究报告写作restatement重申法resume 个人简历return address回信地址returning to the beginning照应开头法revise修改rhetoric修辞rhetoric of sentence句子修辞rhetorical analogy修辞类比rhetorical question反问句rhetorical words华丽用语round character性格充分体现的人物roundabout style迂回风格run-on sentence“连环”句salutation称呼语sample样本sarcasm讽刺semicolon分号sentencing组句setting场景shades of meaning隐含义short preposition短介词short sentence短句short story短篇故事signature签名simile明喻simple English简明英语simple sentence简单句simple words简单词sincerity真诚性singleness of purpose目的唯一性situation情景situationally appropriate于情景贴切的slang俚语social association社会联想special terms特殊术语specific words具体词汇speech口头言语spelling拼写stage步骤法statistics数据法strength of meaning意义力度strength of word词语力度stringy sentence“连环”句structural behavior结构行为style风格、文体style is the man风格即人style makes sense风格即成意义stylistic coloring文体色彩stylistic label文体标记stylistic reference文体照应stylistic synonym风格近义词stylistically appropriate于文体贴切的sub-ideas次思想subject主题subject line主题行subject-oriented以主题为中心的subject-verb agreement主谓一致subordination句子从属组合法subsidiary points副观点substantial verb实义动词substitution替代法sub-topics副主题suffix后缀summary摘要superordinate上义词，高级词suspense悬念syllable音节syllogism三段论、演绎推理symbolic符号的synaesthesia通感，同感synecdoche提喻synonym近义词syntactical stylistic device句法风格技巧synthetic expression综合型表达systematic系统性tense shifting时的转换terse passage简练的行文test writing应试写作textual distribution文稿布局the right style合适的风格theme主题third-person point of view第三人称timed writing限时作文title writing标题写作to preach训导式、说教式to reason讲道理、逻辑论证tone语调tones of voice语气topic 话题topic sentence主题句transferred epithet/ hypallage移就transition过渡transitional mark过渡标记transitional techniques过渡技巧truthfulness真实性types of characters人物性格类别ungrammaticality不符合语法性unity统一性unnatural shifting不自然转换usage用法variation趋势分析variety多样化verbal language言语语言verbalization动词化verb-oriented sentence倾向动词化的句子vigor力度vividness生动vocabulary词汇vogue slang流行俚语vowel元音vulgar words平民词语word class词类word division断词法word order词序word power单词表达力wordiness多话、罗嗦wordy罗嗦的writer-responsible作者文责的writer's purpose作者目的writing写作writing attitudes写作态度writing process写作过程writing purpose写作目的zero affix零缀\词性转换法zero derivation零缀\词性转换法。
英文写作中常用的逻辑词汇
英文写作中常用的逻辑词汇英文写作中常用的逻辑词汇1. 并列关系and, furthermore, more than that, also, likewise, moreover, in addition, what is more, for instance, for example2. 转折关系although, however, on the contrary, but, in spite of, nevertheless, yet, otherwise, despite3. 顺序关系first, second, third, and so on, then, after, before, next4. 因果关系as a result, for, thus, because, for this reason, so, therefore, as, since, consequently, on account of 5. 归纳关系as a result, finally, therefore, accordingly, in short, thus, consequently, in conclusion, so, in brief, in a word几个用得比较多的句子:As far as I am concerned, the advantages of … outweigh its disadvantages.Nevertheless, the disadvantages of … is undeniable.To sum up/ In general/ On the whole/ In brief/ In short/ In a word, it is true th at … bring about both positive and negative results. But we can try our best to reduce the negative influence to the least extent.Obviously, in every aspect, …This diagram unfolds a clear comparison between…and…As to the other three, though the growth rates were not so high, they were indeed remarkable and impressive.英文作文中常用套句下文中出现的A,B, “...”(某事物), "sb"( somebody),要在写作中要根据上下文进行适当替换.开头:When it comes to ..., some think ...There is a public debate today that ...A is a commen way of ..., but is it a wise one? Recentaly the problem has been brought into focus.提出观点:Now there is a growing awareness that...It is time we explore the truth of ...Nowhere in history has the issue been more visible.进一步提出观点:... but that is only part of the history.Another equally important aspect is ...A is but one of the many effects. Another is ... Besides, other reasons are...提出假想例子的方式:Suppose that...Just imagine what would be like if...It is reasonable to expect...It is not surprising that...举普通例子:For example(instance),...... such as A,B,C and so on (so forth)A good case in point is...A particular example for this is...引用:One of the greatest early writers said ... "Knowledge is power", such is the remard of ..."......". That is how sb comment ( criticize/ praise...)."......". How often we hear such words like there. 讲故事(先说故事主体),this story is not rare...., such delimma we often meet in daily life. ..., the story still has a realistic significance.提出原因:There are many reasons for ...Why .... , for one thing,...The answer to this problem involves many factors.Any discussion about this problem would inevitably involves ...The first reason can be obiviously seen.Most people would agree that...Some people may neglect that in fact ...Others suggest that...Part of the explanation is ...进行对比:The advantages for A for outweigh the disadvantages of...Although A enjoys a distinct advantage ... Indeed , A carries much weight than B when sth is concerned.A maybe ... , but it suffers from the disadvantage that...承上启下:To understand the truth of ..., it is also important to see...A study of ... will make this point clear让步:Certainly, B has its own advantages, such as...I do not deny that A has its own merits.结尾:>From what has been discussed above, we may safely drawthe conclusion that ...In summary, it is wiser ...In short...在作文中引用合适的名言警句,会给你的文章增色许多。
英语议论文写作重点单词
英语议论文写作重点单词，短语，句型1: in brief （总之）2：for one thing …，for another （从两方面阐述某个问题） 3：exert a dramatic impact on （产生很大影响）4：broaden one ’s horizons （开阔眼界）5：behave oneself （检点自己的行为）6：raise public awareness （提高公共意识）7：what ’s more impotant （更重要的是）8：account for9： 10：admittedly （应当承认的是…）11：attach more importance to （重视…）12：thinktwice （三思）14：TV commercials （电视广告）15：in a word (简而言之)16：to sum up / in summary (总结词)17：in conclusion /on the whole /in all /altogether (总之)18：lie in （在于）分析原因13：在我看来19：bring about （使发生）21：be confront with （面对（一般只不好的））22：faced with （面对问题（一般用于一句话的开头））24：go through (熬过)25：not …an inch (一点也不…)=not …at all26: throw a party (请客吃饭)经典句型：1：when it comes to …，people ’s opinion differ , some peoplebelieve … , while others claim that …(当谈到…时，人们的观点往往不同，有的人认为…，而其他人则认为…)2：it is no doubt that …(毋庸置疑)3：there is a general discussion today about the problem/ issueof …,those who criticize …argue that …they believe that …But people who adovate …on the other hand, argue that …(如今有个关于…问题的很普遍的讨论，那些持批判意见的人…，他们认为…，但是那些支持的人…，另外一方面又声称…)4：most people are of the opinion that …,but I personally believe that …与…对比In/by in comparison with As compare with Contrast with Striking contrast(鲜明对比)23：有关对比词（大多数人认为…，但是我认为…）5：the number is6:It accounts for /takes up …percent of the total7:the number was …less than /more than a 8:In 1990,it increased/ decreased from …to …(在1990年，数据由…增长/下降到…)9：By comparison with 1998 ,it decreased /increased by …10:A number of factors can account for the change in …is alsoresponsible for the rise/decrease in …11:It is widely accepted that (被广泛接受的是…)12：It is no use doing sth (做某事没用)13：It is often the case that (事实是这样的)14:There is/are reasons for us to believe/accept/resist/reject that …15:Where there is a will , there is a way (有志者事竟成)16:God help those who help themselfs17:It is the … that …(强调句)强调句的用法：eg: It is the A that B强调句即为把“It is that ”去掉，这个句子还能说的通，没有任何错误，此为强调句。
英语写作常用主题词
英文写作常用主题词总结学校1. campus 校园2. dormitory 宿舍3. rented room 租房4. extra-curriculum activity 课外活动5. compulsory course 必修课6. optional course 选修课7. mid term Exam 期中考试8. final exam 期末考试9. tuition 学费10. dining hall 学生食堂11. accommodation 住宿12. teaching facilities 教学设施13. graduation ceremony 毕业典礼14. the Student Union 学生会15. teaching building 教学楼16. scholarship 奖学金17. dissertation 毕业论文18. Grade Point Average (GPA) 学分19. Bachelor Degree 学士学位20. Master Degree 硕士学位21. Professor 教授22. graduate school 研究生院23. undergraduate 本科生24. postgraduate 研究生25. internship 实习26. challenge examination-oriented education 挑战应试教育27. advocate quality-oriented education 倡导素质教育28. compulsory education 义务教育29. quit school 辍学30. the inevitable by-products of the diploma craze 文凭热的必然产物31. fake diplomas 假文凭32. educational reform 教学改革33. academic 学术的34. higher education 高等教育35. 大一学生freshman36. 大二学生sophomore37. 大三学生junior38. 大四学生senior职业1. recruitment 招聘2. application 应征3. working experience 工作经历4. working responsibilities 工作职责5．working achievements 工作成就，业绩6. performance evaluation 绩效评估，考核7. promotion 升职8．career development 职业发展9. position 职位10. human resource management 人力资源管理11. human resource department 人力资源部12. team work spirit 团队合作精神13. reference letter 推荐信14. full-time job 全职工作15. part-time job 兼职工作16. president 总裁17. executive 高管18. applicant 申请人19. vacant position 空缺职位，20. competent 能胜任的21. be qualified for 合格的22. proficiency 熟练程度23. job arrangement and benefit 工作待遇和福利24. promotion 晋升25. job prospect 就业前景26. gender-biased 性别歧视的27. appearance-biased 相貌歧视的28. laid-off workers 下岗工人29. migrant worker 农民工网络与传媒1. surf on the internet 上网2. e-shopping 网购3. e-learning 网上学习4. e-commerce 电子商务5. home page 主页6. browser 浏览器7. videogame 电子游戏8. document files 文档文件9. cyber crime 网络犯罪10. hard Disk 硬盘11. keyboard 键盘12. mouse 鼠标13. chip 芯片14. data base 数据库15. text message 手机短信16. smart phone 智能手机17. multifunctional 多功能的18. multimedia 多媒体19. intellectual property rights 知识产权20. information era 信息时代21. cyber love 网恋22. online dating website 相亲网站23. surf the Internet 网上冲浪（上网）24. web weakness 网络漏洞25. enhance the management on the web 加强对网络的监管力度26. long-distance educational system 远程教育系统27. indulge in cyber games 沉迷网络游戏28. group shopping 团购29. refund 退款30. web-addiction 沉迷网络生态环境1. pollution 污染2. environment 环境3. population 人口4. natural resource 自然资源5. energy 能源6. energy conservation and emission reduction 节能减排7. sustainable development 可持续发展8. harmonious society 和谐社会9. wild life extinction 野生动物灭绝10. endangered species 濒危物种11. sandstorm 沙尘暴12. smog 雾霾13. overfishing 过度捕捞14. global warming 全球便暖15. greenhouse effect 温室效应16. draught 干旱17. flood 洪水18. alternative energy 替代能源19. solar power 太阳能20. solar radiation 太阳辐射21. nuclear power 核能22. ecosystem 生态系统23. low-carbon economy 低碳生活24. environmentally-friendly 环保的25. utilize the natural resources 利用自然资源26. promote fundamental shifts in the economic system and mode of economic growth促进经济体制和经济增长方式的转变27. curb environmental pollution/ bring the pollution under control 治理环境污染28. develop renewable resources 开发可再生资源经济金融1. economist 经济学家2. socialist economy 社会主义经济3. capitalist economy 资本主义经济4. planned economy 计划经济5. private sector 私营部门6. public sector 公有部门7. economic stability 经济稳定8. economic policy 经济政策9. economic recovery 经济复苏10. economic trend 经济趋势11. standard of living 生活水平12. purchasing power/buying power 购买力13. fixed assets 固定资产14. real estate 房地产15. exchange rate 汇率16. inflation 通货膨胀17. deflation 通货紧缩18. stock market 股市19. security market 证券市场20. stock exchange 证券交易所21. shareholder 股东22. dividend 股票分红23. recession 衰退24. loan 贷款25. interest rate 利率26. mortgage 抵押27. average income 平均收入28. income tax 个人所得税29. stabilize prices 稳定物价30. unfair competition 不正当竞争31. fierce competition 激烈竞争32. revitalize our nation 民族复兴33. the opening-up policies 改革开放政策34. attract more foreign capital 吸引更多的外资35. overall prosperity 共同富裕36. economic prosperity 经济繁荣37. social progress 社会进步38. political stability 政治稳定39. international prestige 国际地位40. promote the unification of China 促进祖国的统一41. maintain the stability and unity of our country维护我们国家的稳定和统一42. lengthen people’s life expectancy 延长人们的寿命市场营销1. advertising/commercial 广告2. promotion 促销3. agent 代理商4. bar code 条形码5. profit margin 边际效益6. brand awareness 品牌意识7. brand loyalty 品牌忠诚度8. brand positioning 品牌定位9. brand strategy 品牌战略10. budget 预算11. distribution channel 销售渠道12. competitive advantage 竞争优势13. consumer market 消费者市场14. customer service 顾客服务15. data collection 数据收集16. manufacturer 生产商17. scale economy 规模经济18. globalization 全球化19. information age 信息时代20. joint venture 合资企业21. state-owned enterprise 国有企业22. market research 市场研究23. division of labour 劳动力分工24. multimedia 多媒体25. multinational corporation 跨国公司26. potential customer 潜在客户27. after-sales service 售后服务28. product development 产品开发29. promotion 促销30. public relations 公共关系31. retail outlets 零售店32. sales analysis 销售分析33. telemarketing 电话营销34. consumer behavior 消费者行为35. fierce competition 激烈竞争社会问题1. gambling 赌博2. drug abuse 吸毒3. addiction to drugs 吸毒成瘾4. habitual drug-takers（吸毒）瘾君子5. piracy 盗版6. pirated videos and pornographic publications 盗版影碟或淫秽出版物7. government officials 政府官员8. officials corruption 官员腐败9. neglect one’s duty 玩忽职守10. abuse the power 滥用权利11. supervisory authorities 监督部门12. one-child policy 独生子女政策13. the spoiled child 被宠坏的孩子14. junk food 垃圾食品15. food safety 食品安全16. cause serious hygiene problems 引发严重的卫生问题17. physical and psychological health 身心健康18. (passenger)transport during the Spring Festival period 春运19. ease the traffic pressure 缓解交通压力20. peak time for passenger transport 客流高峰期其他常用词汇1. advantage 优势2. approach 方法3. compare 比较4. compete 竞争5. concentrate 集中6. contribution 贡献，奉献7. convenient 方便8. demand 需求9. effect 效果10. efficiency 效率11. emphasis 强调12. enrich 丰富13. expense 费用14. finance 金融15. fulfill 实现16. government 政府17. implement 执行18. improve 提高，改进19. issue 主题20. measure 方法21. necessity 必要性22. negative 消极的，反对的23. positive 积极地，支持的24. operation 运营，操作25. performance 旅行26. phenomenon 现象27. pressure 压力28. responsible 负责任的29. significant 重要的30. situation 状况31. strategy 战略32. lottery tickets of social welfare, sports industry and football games福利彩票，体育彩票和足球彩票33. lottery citizens 彩民作文常考热点表达方式1. extracurricular activities 课外活动2. economic globalization 经济全球化3. sustainable development 可持续发展4. credit crisis 信用危机5. stabilize prices 稳定物价6. unfair competition 不正当竞争7. crack down on fake commodities 打假8. fierce competition 激烈竞争9. revitalize our nation 民族复兴10. the opening-up policies 改革开放政策11. attract more foreign capital 吸引更多的外资12. overall prosperity 共同富裕13. economic prosperity 经济繁荣14. social progress 社会进步15. political stability 政治稳定16. utilize the natural resources 利用自然资源17. challenge examination-oriented education 挑战应试教育18. advocate quality-oriented education 倡导素质教育19. compulsory education 义务教育20. quit school 辍学21. the inevitable by-products of the diploma craze 文凭热的必然产物22. fake diplomas 假文凭23. water loss and soil erosion 水土流失24. deterioration of the quality of the environment 环境恶化25. deforestation 森林砍伐26. ecosystem 生态系统27. wild life reserve 野生动物保护区28. species extinction 物种灭绝29. environment- friendly 生态型的，环保的30. threat of global warming 全球变暖的威胁31. promote fundamental shifts in the economic system and mode of economic growth促进经济体制和经济增长方式的转变32. curb environmental pollution, b ring the pollution under control 治理环境污染33. develop renewable resources 开发可再生资源34. international prestige 国际地位35. promote the unification of China 促进祖国的统一36. maintain the stability and unity of our country维护我们国家的稳定和统一37. lengthen people’s life expectancy 延长人们的寿命38. propagate endangered animal species 促进濒危动物种群的繁衍39. produce replacement organs for transplant patients 为病人制造可用于移植的替代器官40. greenhouse effect 温室效应41. intellectual property rights 知识产权42. e-commerce 电子商务43. computer crime 电脑犯罪44. information era 信息时代45. cyber romance 网恋46. online dating website 相亲网站47. surf the Internet 网上冲浪48. web weakness 网络漏洞49. Enhance the management on the web 加强对网络的监管力度50. long-distance educational system 远程教育系统51. indulge in cyber games 沉迷网络游戏52. cyber bars 网吧53. applicant 申请人，54. position available, vacant position 空缺职位，55. competent 能胜任的56. be qualified for 合格的57. proficiency 熟练程度58. job arrangement and benefit 工作待遇和福利59. promotion 晋升60. job prospect 就业前景61. gender-biased 性别歧视的62. appearance-biased 相貌歧视的63. laid-off workers 下岗工人64. migrant worker 农民工65. social transformation era 社会转型阶段66. improve the quality 提高质量67. lower the cost 降低成本68. lottery tickets of social welfare, sports industry and football games福利彩票，体育彩票和足球彩票69. lottery citizens“彩民”70. sponsor charities or athletic development 扶持慈善事业与体育发展71. try one’s luck 碰运气72. gambling 赌博73. drug abuse 吸毒74. addiction to drugs 吸毒成瘾75. habitual drug-takers（吸毒）瘾君子76. piracy 盗版77. pirated videos and pornographic publications 盗版影碟或淫秽出版物78. government officials 政府官员79. officials corruption 官员腐败80. neglect one’s duty 玩忽职守81. abuse the power 滥用权利82. supervisory authorities 监督部门83. one-child policy 独生子女政策84. the spoiled child 被宠坏的孩子85. junk food 垃圾食品86. food safety 食品安全87. cause serious hygiene problems 引发严重的卫生问题88. physical and psychological health 身心健康89. (passenger)transport during the Spring Festival period 春运90. ease the traffic pressure 缓解交通压力91. peak time for passenger transport 客流高峰期。
英文写作常用的30个高级词替换
1.individuals,characters, folks 替换people ,persons2.positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising (有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior 替换 good3.dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的) 替换 bad如果bad做表语，可以用 be less impressive 替换eg. An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation ,as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive.4.an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most 替换many注：用many, if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有词。
5.a slice of, quiet a few , several 替换some6.harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that 替换think (因为是书面语，所以要加that)7.affair ,business ,matter 替换 thing8.shared 替换common9.reap huge fruits 替换get many benefits10.for my part ,from my own perspective 替换in my opinion11.Increasing(ly),growing 替换more and more( 注意没有growingly这种形式,所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing修饰形容词时，副词用increasingly)12.little if anything, little or nothing 替换hardly13.beneficial, rewarding 替换helpful14.shopper,client,consumer,purchaser 替换customer15.exceedingly,extremely, intensely 替换very16.hardly necessary, hardly inevitable 替换unnecessary, avoidable17.sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb takeinterest in / sb. be interested in18.capture one's attention 替换attract one's attention19.facet,demension,sphere 替换aspect20.be indicative of ,be suggestive of ,be fearful of 替换indicate, suggest ,fear21.give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换cause22.There are several reasons behind sth 替换reasons for sth23.desire 替换want24.pour attention into 替换pay attention to25.bear in mind that 替换 remember26.enjoy, possess 替换have (注意process是过程的意思)27.interaction 替换 communication28.frown on sth 替换 be against , disagree with sth29.to name only a few, as an example 替换for example, for instance30.next to / virtually impossible 替换nearly,almost impossible。
英语作文写作常用连接词
英语作文写作常用连接词英语作文写作常用连接词英文连接词是连接英文单词的词，如also，and等。
英语有486,000个左右的单词，而连接词却只有70个左右，它们总是非常高频率的出现在各类文章、对话、电邮等英语实际沟通中。
一篇好的作文必定少不了连接词，以下店铺整理的英语作文写作常用连接词，欢迎阅读!(一) 连接词(1)表选择关系或对等关系的连接词：either…or…，neither…nor, or, as well as…, and, both…and…。
(2)表因果关系或对等关系的连接词：therefore, so, as a result, as the result of …，because of, due to …,owing to, thanks to等。
(3)表时间顺序的连接词：the moment, as soon as, at first, then, later, meanwhile, at the beginning, in the end, before long, for the first(second…)time, the minute等。
(4)表转折关系的连接词：yet, and yet, but , while, on the contrary, on the other hand, however, at the same time(然而)等。
(5)表解释说明的连接词：that is, that is to say, in other words, such as, for instance, and so on, etc. and the like等。
(6)表递进关系的连接词：not only…but (also), what，s more, what's worse, besides, in addition, worse still, moreover, above all 等。
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英文写作的用词
1.词语选择的重要性
在The Right Word at the Right Time的“序言”中，编者对词语选用的重要性作了一个很好的比喻：“Using the right word at the right time is rather like wearing appropriate clothing for the occasion：it is a courtesy to others，and a favor to yourself-a matter of presenting yourself well in the eyes of the world."
显然，说话或写文章时用词适当比穿着适当难度大得多，因而也具有更大的重要性。
在我国，古人写文章时常为一个词语的选用冥思苦想，因而有“语不惊人死不休”的说法。
成语“一字值千金”也说明了选择词语的极端重要性。
有时“一字之差”造成令人遗憾的败笔，或招致成千上万的经济损失。
这些反面的教训也告诉我们必须重视词语选用的问题。
2.词语选择的可能性
实际上，我们每个人的脑子里都有了一个或大或小的词库，只要我们肯去发掘，往往可以得到更好的表达方式。
这是我们做好词语选用的主观条件。
从客观条件广看，我们有各种类型的词典和参考书，只要我们平时多翻译、多阅读，写作时勤查考，就会在词语选用上不断进步。
当然，一部好词典也不会毫无缺点，更难以面面俱到，因此在这里我们应牢牢记住英国作家、评论家和辞书编纂家Johson的话：Dictionaries are like watches: the worst is better than none, and the best cannot be expected to go quite true.
3.词语选择的三项标准
关于择语标准，人们说法不一，但准确、鲜明、生动三项原则是公认的。
当然，某词语用得是否符合要求，不可孤立地从词语本身的含义上着眼，还要看其具体使用场合，包括同其他词语搭配等。
1）择语的准确性
准确性，就是要根据使用场合选用确切的语言形式，正如有句英语俗语所言：
Do not write so that your words may be undetstood, but write so that your words must be understood.
美国作家马克·吐温说：“用词准确与用词几乎准确，这两者之间的差异就如闪电与萤火虫之间的差异。
”（The difference between the right word and the almost-right word is as great as that between lighting and the lighting bug.）
为了择语准确，必须熟悉词语的多义性。
例如depression对心理学家、经济学家或地质学家来说，含义各不相同：
He is in a state of deep depression as a result of his setback latest experiment.
The depression first hit almost all the small and medium-sized enterprises.
Transportation was at a standstill caused by the depressions in the highways after the earthquake in that area.
反之，也常常有几个词语可以表示类似的含义，如心理学上的“depression”也能用melancholia，the blues，the dismal in the dumps，low等词语表示。
要做到准确选择，有必要注意词语的两种意义：“基本意义”（denotation）和"引申意义"（connotation）。
前者指该词语的本身，或客观的固有含义，后者指该词语在一定搭配或上下句中出现的其他意义，往往比较含蓄，带有词语使用者的主观态度或感情色彩。
如inexpensive和cheap都表示便宜的基本意思，如顾客问营业员：“May I have some thing cheaper?”意思是希望要价钱便宜一点的，当然并不是说质量可以不好，但cheap在其他句式或使用场合可引出“低劣”、“平庸”、“吝啬”、“卑鄙”等多种意思，这类意思正是修辞上的“敏感地带”。
选用词语的准确性还表现在区分表示大体/抽象含义的词语和表示具体/特定含义的词语上，需要根据不同的使用场合做出正确的选择。
抽象含义词语和具体含义词语不是两个对立的家族，在一定的条件下可以转化，如
labor一词通常带抽象含义，但并非一成不变。
试比较：
A）Honest labor creates wealth for the society.
B）In the GM contract dispute, labor seeks a five-cent per hour wage increase.
上述A句中labor一词为抽象含义，泛指各种社会劳动，B句中labor为具体含义，特指WAW，即美国汽车、飞机、农业机械工人联合会。
2）择语的鲜明度
准确性是鲜明度的前提，也是提高鲜明度的基础。
然而，鲜明与简练相关。
英国文豪莎士比亚的名言“Brevity is the soul of wit”相当于汉语的“言贵简洁”。
我们说话、写文章都要以“言简意赅”四字为目标，为此，应从两个方面加以注意：
A.在可以运用较简短的常见词语表达意思时不要用复杂而少的词语，如：do something for（不用perform，accomplish），用end／finish a letter （不用terminate，conclude）。
B.多余的或转弯抹角的词语都不利于明白地表达思想，因而下列短语中加括号的部分都应省去：
mutual aid（to each other）（mutual）aid to each other，（an entirely）complete confidence，repeat the question（again），return（back） from abroad，etc.
3）择语的生动感
生动感也可以叫做优美感（gracefulness），它是建筑在准确性和鲜明度的基础上的，否则，单纯追求生动或优雅，就会出现辞藻华丽（flowery）而内容空洞的文风，这是应当避免的。
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