法律英文术语
法律英语词汇学习
法律英语词汇学习1. 引言法律英语是法律学习的重要组成部分，掌握法律英语词汇是理解和运用法律文件的基础。
本篇文档将介绍一些常用的法律英语词汇，帮助读者更好地理解和运用法律英语。
2. 常用法律英语词汇2.1 法律文件在学习法律英语之前，首先需要了解一些常见的法律文件类型。
以下是一些常用的法律文件的英文表达：•Constitution: 宪法•Statute: 法令•Regulation: 规定•Ordinance: 条例•Decree: 法令/法令书•Directive: 指令•Treaty: 条约•Agreement: 合同•Contract: 合同•Memorandum of Understanding (MoU): 谅解备忘录2.2 法律流程和程序学习法律英语，也需要了解一些常见的法律流程和程序。
以下是一些常用的法律流程和程序的英文表达：•Lawsuit: 诉讼•Hearing: 审理/听证会•Trial: 审判•Appeal: 上诉•Verdict: 裁决•Judgement: 判决•Defendant: 被告•Plntiff: 原告•Witness: 证人•Subpoena: 传票•Petition: 请愿•Settlement: 和解2.3 法律术语掌握常用法律术语对理解法律文件和案件非常重要。
以下是一些常见的法律术语的英文表达：•Legal liability: 法律责任•Breach of contract: 违约•Intellectual property: 知识产权•Tort: 侵权行为•Negligence: 过失•Force majeure: 不可抗力•Injunction: 禁令•Liability insurance: 责任保险•Statute of limitations: 诉讼时效•Confidentiality agreement: 保密协议•Arbitration: 仲裁3. 学习方法3.1 阅读法律文件阅读法律文件是学习法律英语的重要方法之一。
常用的法律英语术语
常用的法律英语术语法律英语是一种特殊的语言体系，由法律术语组成。
对于研究法律的学生和从事法律工作的专业人士来说，熟悉常用的法律英语术语是非常重要的。
本文将介绍一些常见的法律英语术语，并提供简单的解释。
下面是一些常见的法律英语术语：1. Lawsuit（诉讼）诉讼是指在法院提起的一系列法律程序，目的是解决法律纠纷。
在诉讼过程中，原告向法院提出指控，被告进行辩护，并且法院最终做出裁决。
诉讼是解决法律争议的一种正式途径。
2. Plaintiff（原告）原告是在一起诉讼中提起诉讼的一方。
原告将被告带入法庭，并寻求法院对其主张的支持。
3. Defendant（被告）被告是在一起诉讼中被指控的一方。
被告需要在法庭上进行辩护，并试图反驳原告提出的指控。
4. Contract（合同）合同是由两个或多个当事人之间达成的法律协议。
合同规定了各方的权利和义务，可以是书面或口头形式。
合同是保障当事人权益的重要法律文件。
5. Breach of Contract（合同违约）合同违约是指合同一方未能履行其在合同中规定的义务。
当一方未能履行合同条款时，另一方可以采取法律行动来追求赔偿或解除合同。
6. Tort（侵权行为）侵权行为指的是一方在未获得另一方同意的情况下，通过行为或不行为给另一方造成了伤害或损失。
常见的侵权行为包括人身伤害、财产损失等。
7. Negligence（疏忽）疏忽是指一方在行为上未能按照合理的标准行事，从而给他人造成伤害或损失。
在法律上，如果被告以不合理的方式行事，并因此给原告造成了损害，那么可以被认定为疏忽。
8. Crime（犯罪）犯罪是指违反法律的行为。
根据犯罪的严重程度，有不同的刑事罪名和相应的刑罚。
犯罪行为可能包括盗窃、谋杀、强奸等。
9. Plaintiff’s Attorney（原告律师）原告律师是代表原告在诉讼过程中提供法律援助的专业人士。
原告律师负责收集证据、起草法律文件，并代表原告出庭。
10. Defendant’s Attorney（被告律师）被告律师是代表被告在诉讼过程中提供法律援助的专业人士。
法律英语专业术语大全
一、律师部分案件受理费court acceptance fee案情重大、复杂important and complicated case案由cause of action案子case包揽诉讼monopolize lawsuits被告defendant（用于民事、行政案件)；the accused (用于刑事案件）被上诉人appellee被诉人respondent; defendant本案律师councel pro hac vice本地律师local counsel毕业证diploma; graduation certificate辩护词defense; pleadings辩护律师defense lawyer辩护要点point of defense辩护意见submission财产租赁property tenancy裁定书order；ruling；determination（指终审裁定)裁决书award（用于仲裁）裁决书verdict(用于陪审团）采信的证据admitted evidence; established evidence草拟股权转让协议drafting agreement of assignment of equity interests查阅法条source legal provisions产权转让conveyancing出差go on errand; go on a business trip出国深造further study abroad出具律师意见书providing legal opinion出示的证据exhibit出庭appear in court传票summons; subpoena答辩状answer；reply代理词representation代理房地产买卖与转让agency for sale and transfer of real estate代理公证、商标、专利、版权、房地产、工商登记agency for notarization，trademark，patent, copyright，and registration of real estate and incorporations代理仲裁agency for arbitration代写文书drafting of legal instruments待决案件pending case当事人陈述statement of the parties第三人third party吊销执业证revocation of lawyer license调查笔录investigative record调查取证investigation and gathering for evidence调解mediation调解书mediation二审案件case of trial of second instance发送电子邮件send e—mail法律顾问legal consultants法律意见书legal opinions法律援助legal aid法律咨询legal counseling法庭division；tribunal法学博士学位LL.D （Doctor of Laws）法学会law society法学课程legal courses法学硕士学位LL。
法律专业术语（英汉互译）
法律专业术语（英汉互译）法律专业术语(英汉互译)1.non adversary settlement非诉讼调解。
2.Sovereign jurisdiction管辖权。
3.courts of limited jurisdiction有限管辖权法院.在美国州的司法系统中,有限管辖权法院是最低级的法院,只受理小额诉讼,交通违章的案件等.州的有限管辖法院也被称为低级法院(inferior courts)。
4、diversity jurisdiction多元管辖，联邦法院对事管理的一种，指联邦法院对双方当事人是美国不同州的常住居民的案件管辖权。
5、judicial district司法区，法院辖区，（美国民诉中被告对原告起诉状所做的）书面答复。
6、person wronged受害方。
7、file suit提起诉讼。
8、the claims court索赔法院。
9、forum non convenience[拉]不方便审理得法院，指若法院认为案件由另一法院审理对双方当事人更为方便且能达到上述的目的，可不予受理。
10、code pleading法典诉答程序，指依照法典确定的规则而进行的诉答，始于1848年美国纽约洲菲尔德法典（Field Code）的规定。
11、qualified denial有限的否定，指被告在答辩中对原告的主张因缺乏确定性而不足以作出答辩的否认。
12、Party joiner当事人的合并，制将具有相同权利的多人或对提出同样权利请求的多人合并为一件诉讼的共同原告或共同被告。
13、Cross complaints交叉诉状，指本诉被告自本诉当事人以外第三人就其与本诉有关的事项提起诉讼的诉状。
14、mistrial无效审判。
15、deposition宣誓证词；证言。
16、counterclaims反诉，指在已开始的诉讼中的被告通过法院向本案原告提出的一项独立的请求，以代替就该请求对原告另外提起的一项单独的诉讼。
(法律法规课件)常用的法律英语术语
常用的法律英语术语draft 法案，草案Government bill 政府议案to pass a bill, to carry a bill 通过议案to enact a law, to promulgate a law 颁布法律ratification, confirmation 批准law enforcement 法律的实施to come into force 生效decree 法令clause 条款minutes 备忘录report 判例汇编codification 法律汇编legislation 立法legislator 立法者jurist 法学家jurisprudence 法学legitimation 合法化legality, lawfulness 法制，合法legal, lawful 合法的,依法的to contravene a law, to infringe a law, to break a law 违法outlaw, outside the law 超出法律范围的offender 罪犯to abolish 废止，取消rescission, annulment 废除，取消repeal, revocation, annulment 废除(法律) cancellation, annulment, invalidation 废除(合同) cancellation (支票)作废annulment 撤消(遗嘱)repeal rescission 撤消(判决)revocation 撤消immunity 豁免，豁免权disability, legal incapacity 无资格nonretroactive character 不溯既往性prescription 剥夺公权attainder 公民权利的剥夺和财产的没收constitutional law 宪法canon law 教会法规common law 习惯法criminal law 刑法administrative law 行政法civil law 民法commercial law, mercantile law 商法law of nations 万国公法，国际法international law 国际法natural law 自然法labour laws 劳工法fiscal law 财政法Civil Suit Law, Code of civil law 民事诉讼法Criminal Law 刑事诉讼法Military Law 军法Conscript Law 兵役法Copyright Law 著作权法penal code 刑法典code of mercantile law 商法典civil rights 民事权利，公民权利right of asylum 避难权human rights, rights of man 人权(customs) duties 关税death duty, death tax 遗产税royalties 版税引用取经归来的法律英语术语非原创，转自葵花论坛（想家）法律英语术语ratification, confirmation 批准law enforcement 法律的实施to come into force 生效decree 法令clause 条款minutes 备忘录report 判例汇编codification 法律汇编legislation 立法legislator 立法者jurist 法学家jurisprudence 法学legitimation 合法化legality, lawfulness 法制，合法legal, lawful 合法的,依法的to contravene a law, to infringe a law, to break a law 违法outlaw, outside the law 超出法律范围的offender 罪犯to abolish 废止，取消rescission, annulment 废除，取消repeal, revocation, annulment 废除(法律)cancellation, annulment, invalidation 废除(合同)cancellation (支票)作废annulment 撤消(遗嘱)repeal rescission 撤消(判决)revocation 撤消immunity 豁免，豁免权disability, legal incapacity 无资格nonretroactive character 不溯既往性prescription 剥夺公权attainder 公民权利的剥夺和财产的没收constitutional law 宪法canon law 教会法规common law 习惯法criminal law 刑法administrative law 行政法civil law 民法commercial law, mercantile law 商法law of nations 公法，国际法international law 国际法natural law 自然法labour laws 劳工法fiscal law 财政法Civil Suit Law, Code of civil law 民事诉讼法Criminal Law 刑事诉讼法Military Law 军法Conscript Law 兵役法Copyright Law 著作权法penal code 刑法典code of mercantile law 商法典civil rights 民事权利，公民权利right of asylum 避难权human rights, rights of man 人权(customs) duties 关税death duty, death tax 遗产税royalties 版税案件case案件发回remand/rimit a case （to a low court）案件名称title of a case案卷材料materials in the case案情陈述书statement of case案外人person other than involved in the case案值total value involved in the case败诉方losing party办案人员personnel handling a case保全措施申请书application for protective measures报案report a case （to security authorities）被告defendant; the accused被告人最后陈述final statement of the accused被告向原告第二次答辩rejoinder被害人victim被害人的诉讼代理人victim's agent ad litem被上诉人respondent; the appellee被申请人respondent被申请执行人party against whom execution is filed被执行人person subject to enforcement本诉principal action必要共同诉讼人party in necessary co-litigation变通管辖jurisdiction by accord辩护defense辩护律师defense attorney/lawyer辩护人defender辩护证据exculpatory evidence; defense evidence辩论阶段stage of court debate驳回反诉dismiss a counterclaim; reject a counterclaim驳回请求deny/dismiss a motion驳回上诉、维持原判reject/dismiss the appeal and sustain the original judgement/ruling驳回诉讼dismiss an action/suit驳回通知书notice of dismissal驳回自诉dismiss/reject a private prosecution驳回自诉裁定书ruling of dismissing private-prosecuting case补充答辩supplementary answer补充判决supplementary judgement补充侦查supplementary investigation不公开审理trial in camera不立案决定书written decision of no case-filing不批准逮捕决定书written decision of disapproving an arrest不起诉nol pros不予受理起诉通知书notice of dismissal of accusation by the court 财产保全申请书application for attachment; application for property preservation裁定order; determination （指最终裁定）裁定管辖jurisdiction by order裁定书order; ruling裁决书award采信的证据admitted evidence查封seal up撤回上诉withdraw appeal撤诉withdraw a lawsuit撤销立案revoke a case placed on file撤销原判，发回重审rescind the original judgement and remand the case ro the original courtfor retrial出示的证据exhibit除权判决invalidating judgement （for negotiable instruments）传唤summon; call传闻证据hearsay答辩answer; reply答辩陈述书statement of defence答辩状answer; reply大法官associate justices; justice大检察官deputy chief procurator代理控告agency for accusation代理申诉agency for appeal代理审判员acting judge代为申请取保候审agency for application of the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving弹劾式诉讼accusatory procedure当事人陈述statement of the parties当庭宣判pronouncement of judgement or sentence in court地区管辖territorial jurisdiction地区检察分院inter-mediate People's Procuratorate第三人third party调查笔录record of investigation定期宣判pronouncement of judgement or sentence later on a fixed date定罪证据incriminating evidence; inculpatory evidence冻结freeze督促程序procedure of supervision and urge独任庭sole-judge bench独任仲裁员sole arbitrator对妨碍民事诉讼的强制措施compulsory measures against impairment of civil action对席判决judgement inter parties二审trial of second instance二审案件case of trial of second insurance罚款impose a fine法定证据statutory legal evidence法定证据制度system of legal evidence法官judges法警bailiff; court police法律文书legal instruments/papers法律援助legal aid法律咨询legal consulting法庭辩论court debate法庭调查court investigation法庭审理笔录court record法庭审理方式mode of court trial法庭庭长chief judge of a tribunal法院court法院公告court announcement反诉counterclaim反诉答辩状answer with counterclaim反诉状counterclaim犯罪嫌疑人criminal suspect附带民事诉讼案件 a collateral civil action附带民事诉讼被告defendant of collateral civil action复查reexamination; recheck复验reinspect高级法官senior judge高级检察官senior procurator高级人民法院Higher People's Court告诉案件case of complaint告诉才处理的案件case accepted at complaint告诉申诉庭complaint and petition division工读学校work-study school for delinquent children公安部Ministry of Public Security公安分局public security sub-bureau公安厅public security bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions and cities underdirect jurisdiction of central government公开审理trial in public公开审判制度open trial system公示催告程序procedure of public summons for exhortation公诉案件public-prosecuting case公诉词statement of public prosecution公证机关public notary office共同管辖concurrent jurisdiction管辖jurisdiction国际司法协助international judicial assistance海事法院maritime court合议庭collegial panel合议庭评议笔录record of deliberating by the collegiate bench和解composition; compromise核对诉讼当事人身份check identity of litigious parties恢复执行resumption of execution回避withdrawal混合式诉讼mixed action基层人民法院basic People's Court羁押期限term in custody级别管辖subject matter jurisdiction of courts at different levels监视居住living at home under surveillance监狱prison检察官procurator检察权prosecutorial power检察委员会procuratorial/prosecutorial committee检察院procuratorate检察院派出机构outpost tribunal of procuratorate简易程序summary procedure鉴定结论expert conclusion经济审判庭economic tribunal径行判决direct adjudication without sessions; judgement without notice纠问式诉讼inquisitional proceedings拘传summon by force; summon by warrant拘留所detention house举报information/report of an offence举证责任burden of proof; onus probandi决定书decision军事法院military procuratorate开庭审理open a court session开庭通知notice of court session勘验笔录record of inquest看守所detention house可执行财产executable property控告式诉讼accusatory proceedings控诉证据incriminating evidence控诉职能accusation function扣押distrain on; attachment扣押物distress/distraint宽限期period of grace劳动争议仲裁申请书petition for labor dispute arbitration劳改场reform-through-labor farm劳教所reeducation-through-labor office类推判决的核准程序procedure for examination and approval of analogical sentence累积证据cumulative evidence立案报告place a case on file立案管辖functional jurisdiction立案决定书written decision of case-filing立案侦查report of placing a case on file利害关系人interested party临时裁决书interim award律师见证书lawyer's written attestation; lawyer's written authentication律师事务所law office; law firm律师提前介入prior intervention by lawyer免于刑事处分exemption from criminal penalty民事案件civil case民事审判庭civil tribunal民事诉讼civil action民事诉讼法Civil Procedural Law扭送seize and deliver a suspect to the police派出法庭detached tribunal派出所police station判决judgement; determination判决书judgement; determination; verdict （指陪审团作出的）旁证circumstantial evidence陪审员juror批准逮捕approval of arrest破案clear up a criminal case; solve a criminal case破产bankruptcy; insolvency普通程序general/ordinary procedure普通管辖general jurisdiction企业法人破产还债程序procedure of bankruptcy and liquidation of a business corporation起诉filing of a lawsuit起诉sue; litigate; prosecute; institution of proceedings起诉状indictment; information区县检察院grassroots People's Procuratorate取保候审the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving缺席判决default judgement人民调解委员会People's Mediation Committee认定财产无主案件cases concerning determination of property as qwnerless认定公民无民事行为能力、限制民事行为能力案件cases concerning determination of a citizen as incompetent or with limited disposing capacity上诉appeal上诉人appellant上诉状petition for appeal少管所juvenile prison社会治安综合治理comprehensive treatment of social security涉外案件cases involving foreign interests涉外民事诉讼foreign civil proceedings涉外刑事诉讼foreign criminal proceedings申请人applicant; petitioner申请书petition; application for arbitration申请执行人execution applicant申诉人宣誓书claimant's affidavit of authenticity申诉书appeal for revision; petition for revision神示证据制度system of divinity evidence神示制度ordeal system审查案件case review审查并决定逮捕examine and decide arrest审查起诉阶段stage of review and prosecution审理通知书notice of hearing审判长presiding judge审判长宣布开庭presiding judge announce court in session审判管辖adjudgement/trial jurisdiction审判监督程序procedure for trial supervision审判委员会judicial committee审判员judge审问式诉讼inquisitional proceedings生效判决裁定legally effective judgement/order胜诉方winning party省市自治区检察院higher People's Procuratorate失踪和死亡宣告declaration of disappearance and death实（质）体证据substantial evidence实物证据tangible evidence实在证据real evidence示意证据demonstrative evidence视听证据audio-visual evidence收容所collecting post; safe retreat首席大法官chief justice首席检察官chief procurator受害人的近亲属victim's immediate family受理acceptance受理刑事案件审批表registration form of acceptance of criminal case受送达人the addressee书记员court clerk书记员宣读法庭纪律court clerk reads court rules书证documentary evidence司法部Ministry of Justice司法机关judicial organizatons司法警察judicial police司法局judicial bureau司法厅judicial bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions, and cities under directjurisdiction of central government司法协助judicial assistance死缓的复核judicial review of death sentence with a retrieve死刑复核程序procedure for judicial review of death sentence死刑复核权competence for judicial review of death sentence送达service of process送达传票service of summons/subpoena送达诉状service of bill of complaint搜查search诉sue; suit; action; lawsuit诉前财产保全property attachment prior to lawsuit诉讼litigation; lawsuit; sue; action诉讼保全attachment诉讼参加人litigious participants诉讼代理人agent ad litem诉状complaint; bill of complaint; state of claim特别程序special procedures提起公诉institute a public prosecution铁路法院railway court铁路检察院railroad transport procuratorate庭审程序procedure of court trial通缉wanted for arrest投案appearance退回补充侦查return of a case for supplementary investigation委托辩护entrusted defense未成年人法庭juvenile court无行政职务的法官associate judge无正当理由拒不到庭refuse to appear in court without due cause无罪判决acquittal, finding of “ not guilty ”物证material evidence先予执行申请书application for advanced execution先予执行advanced execution刑事案件criminal case刑事拘留criminal detention刑事强制拘留criminal coercive/compulsory measures刑事审判庭criminal tribunal刑事诉讼criminal proceedings刑事诉讼法Criminal Procedural Law刑事自诉状self-incriminating criminal complaint行政案件administrative case行政审判庭administrative tribunal行政诉讼administrative proceedings行政诉讼法Administrative Procedural Law宣告失踪、宣告死亡案件cases concerning the declaration of disappearance and death宣判笔录record of rendition of judgement选民资格案件cases concerning qualifications of voters询问证人inquire/question a witness训诫reprimand讯问笔录record of interrogation询问犯罪嫌疑人interrogate criminal suspect言词证据verbal evidence要求传唤证人申请书application for subpoena一裁终局arbitration award shall be final and binding一审trial of first instance一审案件case of trial of first instance应诉通知书notice of respondence to action有罪判决sentence; finding of “guilty”予审preliminary examinantion; pretrial原告plaintiff院长court president阅卷笔录record of file review （by lawyers）再审案件case of retrial再审申请书petition for retrial责令具结悔过order to sign a statement of repentance债权人会议creditors' meeting侦查阶段investigation stage侦查终结conclusion of investigation征询原、被告最后意见consulting final opinion of the plaintiff and defendant证据evidence证据保全preserve evidence证据保全申请书application for evidence preservation证人证言testimony of witness; affidavit支付令payment order/warrant知识产权庭intellectual property tribunal执行程序procedure execution执行逮捕execution of arrest执行和解conciliation of execution执行回转recovery of execution执行庭executive tribunal执行异议objection to execution执行员executor执行中止discontinuance of execution执行终结conclusion of execution指定辩护appointed defense指定仲裁员声明statement of appointing arbitrator中级人民法院intermediate People's Court中途退庭retreat during court session without permission仲裁arbitration仲裁被诉人respondent; defendant仲裁裁决award仲裁申请书arbitration仲裁申诉人claimant; plaintiff仲裁庭arbitration tribunal仲裁委员会arbitration committee仲裁协议arbitration agreement; clauses of arbitration仲裁员arbitrator主诉检察官principal procurator助理检察官assistant procurator助理审判员assistant judge专门法院special court专门管辖specific jurisdiction专属管辖exclusive jurisdiction追究刑事责任investigate for criminal responsibility自首confession to justice自诉案件private-prosecuting case自行辩护self-defense自由心证制度doctrine of discretional evaluation of evidence 自侦案件self-investigating case最高人民法院the Supreme People's Court 最高人民检察院the Supreme People's Procuratorate最后裁决书final award。
英语常见的法律术语
英文版法律术语draft 法案,草案；Government bill 政府议案；to pass a bill, to carry a bill 通过议案to enact a law, to promulgate a law 颁布法律ratification, confirmation 批准；law enforcement 法律的实施to come into force 生效；decree 法令；clause 条款minutes 备忘录；report 判例汇编codification 法律汇编；legislation 立法legislator 立法者；jurist 法学家jurisprudence 法学；legitimation 合法化legality, lawfulness 法制,合法；legal, lawful 合法的,依法的to contravene a law, to infringe a law, to break a law 违法outlaw, outside the law 超出法律范围的offender 罪犯；to abolish 废止,取消rescission, annulment 废除,取消repeal, revocation, annulment 废除(法律)cancellation, annulment, invalidation 废除(合同)cancellation (支票)作废；annulment 撤消(遗嘱)repeal rescission 撤消(判决)；revocation 撤消immunity 豁免,豁免权；disability, legal incapacity 无资格nonretroactive character 不溯既往性；prescription 剥夺公权attainder 公民权利的剥夺和财产的没收constitutional law 宪法；canon law 教会法规common law 习惯法；criminal law 刑法administrative law 行政法；civil law 民法commercial law, mercantile law 商法law of nations 万国公法,国际法international law 国际法；natural law 自然法labour laws 劳工法；fiscal law 财政法Civil Suit Law, Code of civil law 民事诉讼法Criminal Law 刑事诉讼法；Military Law 军法Conscript Law 兵役法；Copyright Law 著作权法penal code 刑法典；code of mercantile law 商法典civil rights 民事权利,公民权利；right of asylum 避难权human rights, rights of man 人权；(customs) duties 关税death duty, death tax 遗产税；royalties 版税案件受理费court acceptance fee案情重大、复杂important and complicated case案由cause of action 案子case被告defendant(用于民事、行政案件);the accused (用于刑事案件) 被上诉人appellee 被诉人respondent; defendant本案律师councel pro hac vice辩护词defense; pleadings 辩护律师defense lawyer辩护要点point of defense 辩护意见submission裁定书order; ruling; determination（指终审裁定）裁决书award（用于仲裁）；裁决书verdict（用于陪审团）查阅法条source legal provisions出差go on errand; go on a business trip出国深造further study abroad出具律师意见书providing legal opinion出示的证据exhibit；出庭appear in court传票summons; subpoena；待决案件pending case当事人陈述statement of the parties第三人third party调查笔录investigative record调查取证investigation and gathering for evidence调解mediation；调解书mediation二审案件case of trial of second instance法律顾问legal consultants；法律意见书legal opinions 法律援助legal aid ；法律咨询legal counseling 法庭division; tribunal法学系faculty of law; department of law法学学士学位LL.B (Bachelor of Laws)法学院law school法院公告court announcement各类协议和合同agreements and contracts公安局Public Security Bureau；公司上市company listing公诉案件public-prosecuting case；公证书notarial certificate国际贸易international trade国际诉讼international litigation国内诉讼domestic litigation；会见当事人interview a client会见犯罪嫌疑人interview a criminal suspect鉴定结论expert conclusion；看守所detention house跨国诉讼transnational litigation劳动争议labor disputes劳改场reform-through-labor farm; prison farm律师费lawyer fee 律师函lawyer’s letter律师事务所law office; law firm；律师收费billing by lawyer律师执业证lawyer license民事案件civil case 民事调解civil mediation民事诉讼civil litigation派出所local police station; police substation判决judgement(用于民事、行政案件); determination(用于终审); sentence(用于刑事案); verdict(由陪审团作出)旁证circumstantial evidence缺席宣判pronounce judgement or determination by default人民法院People’s Court；人民检察院People’s Procuratorate 上诉案件case of trial of second instance; appellate case上诉人appellant 上诉状petition for appeal申请复议administrative reconsideration petition申请人petitioner; claimant 申诉案件appeal case申诉书appeal for revision, petition for revision受害人victim；司法部Ministry of Justice 送达service of process 诉讼litigation; action; lawsuit诉状complaint; bill of complaint; statement of claim物证material evidence ；嫌疑人criminal suspect刑事案件criminal case ；刑事诉讼criminal litigation休庭adjourn the court; recess宣判pronounce judgement; determination 宣誓书affidavit一审案件case of trial of first instanceaction of debt 债务诉讼；acquit 无罪administrative decision 行政判决结果；agency hearing 听证会court of king's bench 王室法院；court of exchequer 财务法院court of common bench 民诉法院；court of divorce 婚姻法院；非法活动unlawful activities；非法利益unlawful interests；非法手段illegal means；国家权力机关state authority国际审判机关state judicial organs国家行政机关state administrative organs国家意志state’s will；国家职能function of the state国民待遇national treatment。
法律英语词汇：17个法律术语
法律英语词汇：17个法律术语1.contract，现在多译为＂合同＂，我以为不分场合、不分情况一律译为＂合同＂是不妥的。
因为我们中国人看见＂合同＂一词就想到一个书面的、写成一条一条的文件，可是contract一词的含义范围却要广泛得多。
contract不限于书面的文件，口头上也可订contract，打电话也可以订contract，甚至于不说话也能订contract，例如在报摊上付钱买份晚报或买票搭乘公共汽车。
contract就是有法律约束力的协议，只有较重要的contract才采取书面形式。
所以一般的、泛指的contract应当译＂契约＂，例如law of contract应当译＂契约法＂，较重要的、书面的contract才译＂合同＂，例如contract for the international sale of goods可以译＂国际售货合同＂。
2.intellectual property，不知道当初为何译成＂知识产权＂，以后竟然以讹传讹广泛沿用至今，而且订入法律，实在可叹！这个词组不论按字面上译、按含义译都不能译＂知识产权＂。
intellectual一词根本没有＂知识＂的意思，它与＂知识＂是两个不同的概念。
作为名词intellectual指＂知识分子＂，但是在intellectual property词组中intellectual显然是形容词而不是名词，何况＂知识分子＂与＂知识＂并不能划等号，即使退一万步对号入座地硬译，也只能译＂知识分子产权＂而不能译＂知识产权＂。
当然，译＂知识分子产权＂也是错的。
从含义上看，何谓intellectual property？它是指对于智力劳动所创造的智力产品或智力成果的权利，主要包括版权、专利权、商标权等，所以应该译为＂智力产权＂。
我们的前辈严复曾说，＂一名之立，旬月踟蹰＂，我们今天对待译名何等需要那样的认真精神啊！译名宜慎重，不要随便译，使用现有的译名也该慎重，尤其不要随便跟着别人使用、传播错误的译名，应该抵制错误的译名！3.joint venture.这个术语译时要当心。
法律英语重点专业术语
法律英语重点专业术语1. 异议（Objection）- 定义：宣称对某项证据、诉讼程序或推定事实的合法性提出质疑。
- 例句：The defense lawyer raised an objection to the admissibility of the witness's statement. (辩护律师对证人陈述的可证据性提出了异议。
)2. 陪审团（Jury）- 定义：由普通公民组成的法庭成员小组，负责听取证据并对案件作出裁决。
- 例句：The defendant requested a trial by jury. (被告请求进行陪审团审判。
)3. 遗嘱（Will）- 定义：被遗嘱人在生前所做的书面声明，规定了他们在去世后财产、遗产、监护权等方面的安排。
- 例句：The deceased's will was read out in the presence of the family members. (在家人面前宣读了亡人的遗嘱。
)4. 聆讯（Hearing）- 定义：在法庭上进行的非正式讨论或审理，目的是解决特定问题。
- 例句：The hearing was adjourned until next week. (聆讯被延期至下周。
)5. 保释（Bail）- 定义：通过支付一定金额或提供财产作为抵押，被告在审判期间被保释出狱，以确保其出庭接受审判。
- 例句：The judge granted bail to the defendant pending further investigation. (法官在进一步调查前准许了被告的保释。
)6. 联邦调查局（FBI）- 定义：美国联邦调查局，是美国国内主要负责执法和情报收集的联邦机构。
- 例句：The FBI is conducting an investigation into the case. (FBI 正在对该案展开调查。
法律英语的常见词汇术语
1. 附录一法律英语的常见词汇术语2. 律师部分:3. 案件受理费court acceptance fee4. 案情重大、复杂important and complicated case5. 案由cause of action6. 案子case7. 包揽诉讼monopolize lawsuits8. 被告defendant(用于民事、行政案件); the accused (用于刑事案件)9. 被上诉人appellee10. 被诉人respondent; defendant11. 本案律师counsel prohac vice12. 本地律师local counsel13. 毕业证diploma; graduation certificate14. 辩护词defense; pleadings15. 辩护律师defense lawyer16. 辩护要点point of defense17. 辩护意见submission18. 财产租赁property tenancy19. 裁定书order; ruling; determination（指终审裁定）20. 裁决书award（用于仲裁）21. 裁决书verdict（用于陪审团）22. （对陪审团组成的）无因抗辩peremptory challenge23. 采信的证据admitted evidence; established evidence24. 草拟股权转让协议drafting agreement of assignment of equity interests25. 查阅法条source legal provisions26. 产权转让conveyancing27. 出差go on errand; go on a business trip28. 出国深造further study abroad29. 出具律师意见书providing legal opinion30. 出示的证据exhibit31. 出庭appear in court32. 传票summons; subpoena33. 答辩状answer; reply34. 代理词representation35. 代理房地产买卖与转让agency for sale and transfer of real estate36. 代理公证、商标、专利、版权、房地产、工商登记agency for notarization, trademark, patent, copyright, and registration of real estate and incorporations37. 代理仲裁agency for arbitration38. 代写文书drafting of legal instruments39. 待决案件pending case40. 当事人陈述statement of the parties41. 第三人third party42. 吊销执业证revocation of lawyer license43. 调查笔录investigative record44. 调查取证investigation and gathering for evidence45. 调解mediation46. 调解书mediation47. 二审案件case of trial of second instance48. 发送电子邮件send e-mail49. 法律顾问legal consultants50. 法律意见书legal opinions51. 法律援助legal aid52. 法律咨询legal counseling53. 法庭division; tribunal54. 法学博士学位LL.D (Doctor of Laws)55. 法学会law society56. 法学课程legal courses57. 法学硕士学位LL.M (Master of Laws)58. 法学系faculty of law; department of law59. 法学学士学位LL.B (Bachelor of Laws)60. J.D ( juris doctor缩写，美国法学学士)61. 法学院law school62. 法院公告court announcement63. 反诉状counterclaim64. 房地产律师real estate lawyer; real property lawyer65. 非合伙律师associate lawyer66. 非诉讼业务non-litigation practice67. 高级合伙人senior partner68. 高级律师senior lawyer69. 各类协议和合同agreements and contracts70. 公安局Public Security Bureau71. 公司上市company listing72. 公诉案件public-prosecuting case73. 公证书notarial certificate74. 国办律师事务所state-run law office75. 国际贸易international trade76. 贸易壁垒trade barrier77. 贸易摩擦trade friction78. 贸易保护主义：trade protectionism79. 反倾销：anti-dumping80. 反补贴：anti-subsidy81. 国际人权法international human rights law82. 国际知识产权法international intellectual property law83. 国际诉讼international litigation84. 国内诉讼domestic litigation85. 合伙律师partner lawyer86. 合伙制律师事务所law office in partner-ship; cooperating law ofice87. 合同审查、草拟、修改contract review, drafting and revision88. 会见当事人interview a client89. 会见犯罪嫌疑人interview a criminal suspect90. 兼职律师part-time lawyer91. 监狱prison; jail92. 鉴定结论expert conclusion93. 缴纳会费membership dues94. 举证责任burden of proof; onus probandi95. 决定书decision96. 勘验笔录record of request97. 看守所detention house98. 抗诉书protest99. 控告人accuser; complainant100. 跨国诉讼transnational litigation101. 劳动争议labor disputes102. 劳动争议仲裁委员会arbitration committee for labor disputes 103. 劳改场reform-through-labor farm; prison farm104. 利害关系人interested party; party in interest105. 律管处处长director of lawyer control department106. 律师lawyer attorney; attorney at law107. 律师惩戒lawyer discipline108. 律师法Lawyer Law109. 律师费lawyer fee110. 律师函lawyer’s letter111. 律师见证lawyer attestation/authentication112. 律师见证书lawyer certification/authentication/witness113. 律师卷宗lawyer’s docile; file114. 律师刊物lawyer’s journal115. 律师联系电话contact phone number of a lawyer116. 律师事务所law office; law firm117. 律师收费billing by lawyer118. 律师网站lawyer website119. 律师协会National Bar (Lawyer) Association120. 律师协会会员member of Lawyer Association121. 律师协会秘书长secretary general of Bar (Lawyer) Association 122. 律师协会章程Articles of Lawyer Assocition123. 律师业务室lawyer’s office124. 律师执业证lawyer license125. 律师助理assistant lawyer126. 律师资格考试bar exam; lawyer qualification exam127. 律师资格证lawyer qualification certificate128. 民事案件civil case129. 民事调解civil mediation130. 民事诉讼civil litigation131. 派出所local police station; police substation132. 判决judgement(用于民事、行政案件);133. determination(用于终审);134. sentence(用于刑事案);135. verdict(由陪审团作出)136. 旁证circumstantial evidence137. 企业章程articles of association; articles of incorporation; bylaw 138. 企业重组corporate restructure139. 起诉状information; indictment140. 取消律师资格disbar141. 全国律师代表大会National Lawyer Congress142. 缺席宣判pronounce judgement or determination by default 143. 人民法院People’s Court144. 人民检察院People’s Procuratorate145. 认定事实determine facts146. 上诉案件case of trial of second instance; appellate case 147. 上诉人appellant148. 上诉状petition for appeal149. 涉外律师lawyers specially handling foreign-related matters 150. 申请复议administrative reconsideration petition151. 申请加入律师协会application for admission to Law Association 152. 申请人petitioner; claimant153. 申诉案件appeal case154. 申诉人（仲裁）claimant; plaintiff155. 申诉书appeal for revision, petition for revision156. 实习律师apprentice lawyer; lawyer in probation period157. 实习律师证certificate of apprentice lawyer158. 视听证据audio-visual reference material159. 适用法律apply law to facts160. 受害人victim161. 书证documentary evidence162. 司法部Ministry of Justice163. 司法建议书judicial advise164. 司法局Judicial Bureau165. 司法局副局长deputy director of Judicial Bureau166. 司法局局长director of Judicial Bureau167. 司法统一考试uniform judicial exam168. 送达service of process169. 诉讼litigation; action; lawsuit170. 诉讼当事人litigation party; litigious party171. 诉讼业务litigation practice172. 诉状complaint; bill of complaint; statement of claim173. 推销法律服务promote/market legal service174. 外国律师事务所foreign law office175. 委托代理合同authorized representation contract176. 委托代理人agent ad litem; entrusted agent177. 委托授权书power of attorney178. 物证material evidence179. 嫌疑人criminal suspect180. 项目融资project financing181. 项目谈判project negotiating182. 刑事案件criminal case183. 刑事诉讼criminal litigation184. 行政诉讼administrative litigation185. 休庭adjourn the court; recess186. 宣判pronounce judgement; determination187. 宣誓书affidavit188. 业务进修attendance in advanced studies189. 一审案件case of trial of first instance190. 与国外律师事务所交流communicate with foreign law firms 191. 原告plaintiff192. 证券律师securities lawyer193. 证人证言testimony of witness; affidavit194. 执行笔录execution record195. 执业登记registration for practice196. 执业范围scope of practice; sphere of practice; practice area 197. 执业申请practice application198. 执业证年检annual inspection of lawyer license199. 仲裁arbitration200. 仲裁案件arbitration case201. 仲裁机构arbitration agency202. 专门律师specialized lawyer203. 专职律师professional lawyer; full-time lawyer204. 撰写法律文章write legal thesis205. 资信调查credit standing investigation206. 自诉案件private prosecuting case207. 二、诉讼法律208. 案件case209. 案件发回remand/rimit a case (to a low court)210. 案件名称title of a case211. 案卷材料materials in the case212. 案情陈述书statement of case213. 案外人person other than involved in the case214. 案值total value involved in the case215. 败诉方losing party216. 办案人员personnel handling a case217. 保全措施申请书application for protective measures218. 报案report a case (to security authorities)219. 被告defendant; the accused220. 被告人最后陈述final statement of the accused221. 被告向原告第二次答辩rejoinder222. 被害人victim223. 被害人的诉讼代理人victim’s agent ad litem224. 被上诉人respondent; the appellee225. 被申请人respondent226. 被申请执行人party against whom execution is filed227. 被执行人person subject to enforcement228. 本诉principal action229. 必要共同诉讼人party in necessary co-litigation230. 变通管辖jurisdiction by accord231. 辩护defense232. 辩护律师defense attorney/lawyer233. 辩护人defender234. 辩护证据exculpatory evidence; defense evidence235. 辩论阶段stage of court debate236. 驳回反诉dismiss a counterclaim; reject a counterclaim237. 驳回请求deny/dismiss a motion238. 驳回上诉、维持原判reject/dismiss the appeal and sustain the original judgement/ruling 239. 驳回诉讼dismiss an action/suit240. 驳回通知书notice of dismissal241. 驳回自诉dismiss/reject a private prosecution242. 驳回自诉裁定书ruling of dismissing private-prosecuting case243. 补充答辩supplementary answer244. 补充判决supplementary judgement245. 补充侦查supplementary investigation246. 不公开审理trial in camera247. 不立案决定书written decision of no case-filing248. 不批准逮捕决定书written decision of disapproving an arrest249. 不起诉nol pros250. 不予受理起诉通知书notice of dismissal of accusation by the court251. 财产保全申请书application for attachment; application for property preservation252. 裁定order; determination (指最终裁定)253. 裁定管辖jurisdiction by order254. 裁定书order; ruling255. 裁决书award256. 采信的证据admitted evidence257. 查封seal up258. 撤回上诉withdraw appeal259. 撤诉withdraw a lawsuit260. 撤销立案revoke a case placed on file261. 撤销原判，发回重审rescind the original judgement and remand the case ro the originalcourt for retrial262. 出示的证据exhibit263. 除权判决invalidating judgement (for negotiable instruments)264. 传唤summon; call265. 传闻证据hearsay266. 答辩answer; reply267. 答辩陈述书statement of defence268. 答辩状answer; reply269. 大法官associate justices; justice270. 大检察官deputy chief procurator271. 代理控告agency for accusation272. 代理申诉agency for appeal273. 代理审判员acting judge274. 代为申请取保候审agency for application of the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving275. 弹劾式诉讼accusatory procedure276. 当事人陈述statement of the parties277. 当庭宣判pronouncement of judgement or sentence in court278. 地区管辖territorial jurisdiction279. 地区检察分院inter-mediate People’s Procuratorate280. 第三人third party281. 调查笔录record of investigation282. 定期宣判pronouncement of judgement or sentence later on a fixed date283. 定罪证据incriminating evidence; inculpatory evidence284. 冻结freeze285. 督促程序procedure of supervision and urge286. 独任庭sole-judge bench287. 独任仲裁员sole arbitrator288. 对妨碍民事诉讼的强制措施compulsory measures against impairment of civil action 289. 对席判决judgement inter parties290. 二审trial of second instance291. 二审案件case of trial of second insurance292. 罚款impose a fine293. 法定证据statutory legal evidence294. 法定证据制度system of legal evidence295. 法官judges296. 法警bailiff; court police297. 法律文书legal instruments/papers298. 法律援助legal aid299. 法律咨询legal consulting300. 法庭辩论court debate301. 法庭调查court investigation302. 法庭审理笔录court record303. 法庭审理方式mode of court trial304. 法庭庭长chief judge of a tribunal305. 法院court306. 法院公告court announcement307. 反诉counterclaim308. 反诉答辩状answer with counterclaim309. 反诉状counterclaim310. 犯罪嫌疑人criminal suspect311. 附带民事诉讼案件a collateral civil action312. 附带民事诉讼被告defendant of collateral civil action313. 复查reexamination; recheck314. 复验reinspect315. 高级法官senior judge316. 高级检察官senior procurator317. 高级人民法院Higher People’s Court318. 告诉案件case of complaint319. 告诉才处理的案件case accepted at complaint320. 告诉申诉庭complaint and petition division321. 工读学校work-study school for delinquent children322. 公安部Ministry of Public Security323. 公安分局public security sub-bureau324. 公安厅public security bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government325. 公开审理trial in public326. 公开审判制度open trial system327. 公示催告程序procedure of public summons for exhortation328. 公诉案件public-prosecuting case329. 公诉词statement of public prosecution330. 公证机关public notary office331. 共同管辖concurrent jurisdiction332. 管辖jurisdiction333. 国际司法协助international judicial assistance334. 海事法院maritime court335. 合议庭collegial panel336. 合议庭评议笔录record of deliberating by the collegiate bench337. 和解composition; compromise338. 核对诉讼当事人身份check identity of litigious parties339. 恢复执行resumption of execution340. 回避withdrawal341. 混合式诉讼mixed action342. 基层人民法院basic People’s Court343. 羁押期限term in custody344. 级别管辖subject matter jurisdiction of courts at different levels345. 监视居住living at home under surveillance346. 监狱prison347. 检察官procurator348. 检察权prosecutorial power349. 检察委员会procuratorial/prosecutorial committee350. 检察院procuratorate351. 检察院派出机构outpost tribunal of procuratorate352. 简易程序summary procedure353. 鉴定结论expert conclusion354. 经济审判庭economic tribunal355. 径行判决direct adjudication without sessions; judgement without notice356. 纠问式诉讼inquisitional proceedings357. 拘传summon by force; summon by warrant358. 拘留所detention house359. 举报information/report of an offence360. 举证责任burden of proof; onus probandi361. 决定书decision362. 军事法院military procuratorate363. 开庭审理open a court session364. 开庭通知notice of court session365. 勘验笔录record of inquest366. 看守所detention house367. 可执行财产executable property368. 控告式诉讼accusatory proceedings369. 控诉证据incriminating evidence370. 控诉职能accusation function371. 扣押distrain on; attachment372. 扣押物distress/distraint373. 宽限期period of grace374. 劳动争议仲裁申请书petition for labor dispute arbitration375. 劳改场reform-through-labor farm376. 劳教所reeducation-through-labor office377. 类推判决的核准程序procedure for examination and approval of analogical sentence 378. 累积证据cumulative evidence379. 立案报告place a case on file380. 立案管辖functional jurisdiction381. 立案决定书written decision of case-filing382. 立案侦查report of placing a case on file383. 利害关系人interested party384. 临时裁决书interim award385. 律师见证书lawyer’s written attestation; lawyer’s written authentication386. 律师事务所law office; law firm387. 律师提前介入prior intervention by lawyer388. 免于刑事处分exemption from criminal penalty389. 民事案件civil case390. 民事审判庭civil tribunal391. 民事诉讼civil action392. 民事诉讼法Civil Procedural Law393. 扭送seize and deliver a suspect to the police394. 派出法庭detached tribunal395. 派出所police station396. 判决judgement; determination397. 判决书judgement; determination; verdict (指陪审团作出的)398. 旁证circumstantial evidence399. 陪审员juror400. 批准逮捕approval of arrest401. 破案clear up a criminal case; solve a criminal case402. 破产bankruptcy; insolvency403. 普通程序general/ordinary procedure404. 普通管辖general jurisdiction405. 企业法人破产还债程序procedure of bankruptcy and liquidation of a business corporation 406. 起诉filing of a lawsuit407. 起诉sue; litigate; prosecute; institution of proceedings408. 起诉状indictment; information409. 区县检察院grassroots People’s Procuratorate410. 取保候审the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving411. 缺席判决default judgement412. 人民调解委员会People’s Mediation Committee413. 认定财产无主案件cases concerning determination of property as qwnerless414. 认定公民无民事行为能力、限制民事行为能力案件cases concerning determination of a citizen as incompetent or with limited disposing capacity415. 上诉appeal416. 上诉人appellant417. 上诉状petition for appeal418. 少管所juvenile prison419. 社会治安综合治理comprehensive treatment of social security420. 涉外案件cases involving foreign interests421. 涉外民事诉讼foreign civil proceedings422. 涉外刑事诉讼foreign criminal proceedings423. 申请人applicant; petitioner424. 申请书petition; application for arbitration425. 申请执行人execution applicant426. 申诉人宣誓书claimant’s affidavit of authenticity427. 申诉书appeal for revision; petition for revision428. 神示证据制度system of divinity evidence429. 神示制度ordeal system430. 审查案件case review431. 审查并决定逮捕examine and decide arrest432. 审查起诉阶段stage of review and prosecution433. 审理通知书notice of hearing434. 审判长presiding judge435. 审判长宣布开庭presiding judge announce court in session436. 审判管辖adjudgement/trial jurisdiction437. 审判监督程序procedure for trial supervision438. 审判委员会judicial committee439. 审判员judge440. 审问式诉讼inquisitional proceedings441. 生效判决裁定legally effective judgement/order442. 胜诉方winning party443. 省市自治区检察院higher People’s Procuratorate444. 失踪和死亡宣告declaration of disappearance and death445. 实（质）体证据substantial evidence446. 实物证据tangible evidence447. 实在证据real evidence448. 示意证据demonstrative evidence449. 视听证据audio-visual evidence450. 收容所collecting post; safe retreat451. 首席大法官chief justice452. 首席检察官chief procurator453. 受害人的近亲属victim’s immediate family454. 受理acceptance455. 受理刑事案件审批表registration form of acceptance of criminal case456. 受送达人the addressee457. 书记员court clerk458. 书记员宣读法庭纪律court clerk reads court rules459. 书证documentary evidence460. 司法部Ministry of Justice461. 司法机关judicial organizatons462. 司法警察judicial police463. 司法局judicial bureau464. 司法厅judicial bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions, and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government465. 司法协助judicial assistance466. 死缓的复核judicial review of death sentence with a retrieve467. 死刑复核程序procedure for judicial review of death sentence468. 死刑复核权competence for judicial review of death sentence469. 送达service of process470. 送达传票service of summons/subpoena471. 送达诉状service of bill of complaint472. 搜查search473. 诉sue; suit; action; lawsuit474. 诉前财产保全property attachment prior to lawsuit475. 诉讼litigation; lawsuit; sue; action476. 诉讼保全attachment477. 诉讼参加人litigious participants478. 诉讼代理人agent ad litem479. 诉状complaint; bill of complaint; state of claim480. 特别程序special procedures481. 提起公诉institute a public prosecution482. 铁路法院railway court483. 铁路检察院railroad transport procuratorate484. 庭审程序procedure of court trial485. 通缉wanted for arrest486. 投案appearance487. 退回补充侦查return of a case for supplementary investigation488. 委托辩护entrusted defense489. 未成年人法庭juvenile court490. 无行政职务的法官associate judge491. 无正当理由拒不到庭refuse to appear in court without due cause492. 无罪判决acquittal, finding of “not guilty ”493. 物证material evidence494. 先予执行申请书application for advanced execution495. 先予执行advanced execution496. 刑事案件criminal case497. 刑事拘留criminal detention498. 刑事强制拘留criminal coercive/compulsory measures499. 刑事审判庭criminal tribunal500. 刑事诉讼criminal proceedings501. 刑事诉讼法Criminal Procedural Law502. 刑事自诉状self-incriminating criminal complaint503. 行政案件administrative case504. 行政审判庭administrative tribunal505. 行政诉讼administrative proceedings506. 行政诉讼法Administrative Procedural Law507. 宣告失踪、宣告死亡案件cases concerning the declaration of disappearance and death 508. 宣判笔录record of rendition of judgement509. 选民资格案件cases concerning qualifications of voters510. 询问证人inquire/question a witness511. 训诫reprimand512. 讯问笔录record of interrogation513. 询问犯罪嫌疑人interrogate criminal suspect514. 言词证据verbal evidence515. 要求传唤证人申请书application for subpoena516. 一裁终局arbitration award shall be final and binding517. 一审trial of first instance518. 一审案件case of trial of first instance519. 应诉通知书notice of respondence to action520. 有罪判决sentence; finding of “guilty”521. 予审preliminary examinantion; pretrial522. 原告plaintiff523. 院长court president524. 阅卷笔录record of file review (by lawyers)525. 再审案件case of retrial526. 再审申请书petition for retrial527. 责令具结悔过order to sign a statement of repentance528. 债权人会议creditors’meeting529. 侦查阶段investigation stage530. 侦查终结conclusion of investigation531. 征询原、被告最后意见consulting final opinion of the plaintiff and defendant 532. 证据evidence533. 证据保全preserve evidence534. 证据保全申请书application for evidence preservation535. 证人证言testimony of witness; affidavit536. 支付令payment order/warrant537. 知识产权庭intellectual property tribunal538. 执行程序procedure execution539. 执行逮捕execution of arrest540. 执行和解conciliation of execution541. 执行回转recovery of execution542. 执行庭executive tribunal543. 执行异议objection to execution544. 执行员executor545. 执行中止discontinuance of execution546. 执行终结conclusion of execution547. 指定辩护appointed defense548. 指定仲裁员声明statement of appointing arbitrator549. 中级人民法院intermediate People’s Court550. 中途退庭retreat during court session without permission551. 仲裁arbitration552. 仲裁被诉人respondent; defendant553. 仲裁裁决award554. 仲裁申请书arbitration555. 仲裁申诉人claimant; plaintiff556. 仲裁庭arbitration tribunal557. 仲裁委员会arbitration committee558. 仲裁协议arbitration agreement; clauses of arbitration559. 仲裁员arbitrator560. 主诉检察官principal procurator561. 助理检察官assistant procurator562. 助理审判员assistant judge563. 专门法院special court564. 专门管辖specific jurisdiction565. 专属管辖exclusive jurisdiction566. 追究刑事责任investigate for criminal responsibility567. 自首confession to justice568. 自诉案件private-prosecuting case569. 自行辩护self-defense570. 自由心证制度doctrine of discretional evaluation of evidence 571. 自侦案件self-investigating case572. 最高人民法院the Supreme People’s Court573. 最高人民检察院the Supreme People’s Procuratorate 574. 最后裁决书final award575. 三、民事法律576. 法律渊源source of law577. 制定法statute578. 判例法case law; precedent579. 普通法common law580. 特别法special law581. 固有法native law; indigenous law582. 继受法adopted law583. 实体法substantial law584. 程序法procedural law585. 原则法fundamental law586. 例外法exception law587. 司法解释judicial interpretation588. 习惯法customary law589. 公序良俗public order and moral590. 自然法natural law591. 罗马法Roman Law592. 私法private law593. 公法public law594. 市民法jus civile595. 万民法jus gentium596. 民法法系civil law system597. 英美法系system of Anglo-American law598. 大陆法系civil law system599. 普通法common law600. 大陆法continental law601. 罗马法系Roman law system602. 英吉利法English law603. 衡平法equity; law of equity604. 日尔曼法Germantic law605. 教会法ecclesiastical law606. 寺院法canon law607. 伊斯兰法Islamic law608. 民法法律规范norm of civil law609. 授权规范authorization norm610. 禁止规范forbidding norm611. 义务性规范obligatory norm612. 命令性规范commanding norm613. 民法基本原则fundamental principles of civil law614. 平等原则principle of equality615. 自愿原则principle of free will616. 公平原则principle of justice617. 等价有偿原则principle of equal value exchange618. 诚实信用原则principle of good faith619. 行为act620. 作为act621. 不作为omission622. 合法行为lawful act623. 违法行为unlawful act624. 民事权利权利能力civil right625. 绝对权absolute right626. 相对权relative right627. 优先权right of priority628. 先买权preemption629. 原权antecedent right630. 救济权right of relief631. 支配权right of dominion632. 请求权right of claim633. 物上请求权right of claim for real thing634. 形成权right of formation635. 撤销权right of claiming cancellation636. 否认权right of claiming cancellation637. 解除权right of renouncement638. 代位权subrogated right639. 选择权right of choice640. 承认权right of admission641. 终止权right of termination642. 抗辩权right of defense643. 一时性抗辩权momentary right of defense644. 永久性抗辩权permanent counter-argument right645. 不安抗辩权unstable counter-argument right646. 同时履行抗辩权defense right of simultaneous performance 647. 既得权tested right648. 期待权expectant right649. 专属权exclusive right650. 非专属权non-exclusive right651. 人身权利personal right652. 人权human right653. 人格权right of personality654. 生命健康权right of life and health655. 姓名权right of name656. 名称权right of name657. 肖像权right of portraiture658. 自由权right of freedom659. 名誉权right reputation660. 隐私权right of privacy661. 私生活秘密权right of privacy662. 贞操权virginity right663. 身份权right of status664. 亲权parental power; parental right665. 亲属权right of relative666. 探视权visitation right667. 配偶权right of spouse668. 荣誉权right of honor669. 权利的保护protection of right670. 公力救济public protection671. 私力救济self-protection672. 权利本位standard of right673. 社会本位standard of society674. 无责任行为irresponsible right675. 正当防卫justifiable right; ligitimate defence676. 防卫行为act of defence677. 自为行为self-conducting act678. 紧急避险act of rescue; necessity679. 自助行为act of self-help680. 不可抗力force majeure681. 意外事件accident682. 行为能力capacity for act683. 意思能力capacity of will684. 民事行为civil act685. 意思表示declaration of intention686. 意思表示一致meeting of minds; consensus687. 完全行为能力perfect capacity for act688. 限制行为能力restrictive capacity for act689. 准禁治产人quasi-interdicted person690. 保佐protection691. 自治产人minor who is capable of administering his own capacity 692. 无行为能力incapacity for act693. 禁治产人interdicted person694. 自然人natural person695. 公民citizen696. 住所domicile697. 居所residence698. 经常居住地frequently dwelling place699. 户籍census register700. 监护guardianship701. 个体工商户individual business702. 农村承包经营户leaseholding rural household703. 合伙partnership704. 合伙人partner705. 合伙协议partnership agreement706. 合伙财产property of partnership707. 合伙债务debt of partnership708. 入伙join partnership709. 退伙withdrawal from partnership710. 合伙企业partnership business establishment711. 个人合伙partnership712. 法人合伙partnership of legal person713. 特别合伙special partnership714. 普通合伙general partnership715. 有限合伙limited partnership716. 民事合伙civil partnership717. 隐名合伙sleeping partnership; dormant partnership718. 私营企业private enterprise; proprietorship719. 法人legal person720. 企业法人legal body of enterprise721. 企业集团group of enterprise722. 关联企业affiliate enterprise723. 个人独资企业individual business establishment724. 国有独资企业solely state-owned enterprise725. 中外合资企业Sino-foreign joint venture enterprise726. 中外合作企业Sino-foreign contractual enterprise727. 社团法人legal body of mass organization728. 财团法人legal body of financial group729. 联营joint venture730. 法人型联营association of legal persons731. 合伙型联营coordinated management in partnership732. 协作型联营cooperation-type coordinated management733. 合作社cooperative734. 民事法律行为civil legal act735. 单方民事法律行为unilateral civil legal act736. 双方民事法律行为bilateral civil legal act737. 多方民事法律行为joint act civil legal act738. 有偿民事法律行为civil legal act with consideration739. 无偿民事法律行为civil legal act without consideration; civil legal act without award 740. 实践性民事法律行为practical civil legal act741. 诺成性民事法律行为consental civil legal act742. 要式民事法律行为formal civil legal act743. 不要式民事法律行为informal civil legal act744. 要因民事法律行为causative civil legal act745. 不要因民事法律行为noncausative civil legal act746. 主民事法律行为principal civil legal act747. 从民事法律行为accessory civil legal act748. 附条件民事法律行为conditional civil legal act749. 附期限民事法律行为civil legal act with term750. 生前民事法律行为civil legal act before death751. 死后民事法律行为civil legal act after death752. 准民事法律行为quasi-civil legal act753. 无效行为ineffective act754. 可撤销民事行为revocable civil act755. 违法行为illegal act; unlawful act756. 侵权行为tort757. 欺诈fraud758. 胁迫duress759. 乘人之危taking advantage of others’precarious position 760. 以合法形式掩盖非法目的legal form concealing illegal intention 761. 恶意串通malicious collaboration762. 重大误解gross misunderstanding763. 显失公平obvious unjust764. 误传misrepresentation765. 代理agency766. 本人principal767. 被代理人principal768. 受托人trustee769. 代理人agent770. 本代理人original agent771. 法定代理人statutory agent; legal agent772. 委托代理人agent by mandate773. 指定代理人designated agent774. 复代理人subagent775. 再代理人subagent776. 转代理人subagent777. 代理权right of agency778. 授权行为act of authorization779. 授权委托书power of attorney780. 代理行为act of agency781. 委托代理agency by mandate782. 本代理original agency783. 复代理subagency784. 次代理subagency。
法律英语词汇大全理解法律文件的专业术语
法律英语词汇大全理解法律文件的专业术语法律英语词汇大全：理解法律文件的专业术语在法律领域中，准确理解和使用法律英语词汇是非常重要的，无论是在阅读法律文件、撰写法律文件还是与法律相关的交流中。
本文将提供一个全面的法律英语词汇大全，以帮助读者更好地理解法律文件中的专业术语。
一、常见法律英语词汇列表1. Legal system - 法律体系2. Jurisdiction - 司法权3. Legislation - 立法4. Statute - 法规5. Regulation - 规章6. Amendment - 修正案7. Adjudication - 判决8. Defendant - 被告9. Plaintiff - 原告10. Evidence - 证据11. Trial - 审判12. Appeal - 上诉13. Attorney - 律师14. Advocate - 辩护人15. Judge - 法官16. Court - 法庭17. Legal precedent - 法律先例18. Contract - 合同19. Tort - 侵权行为20. Intellectual property - 知识产权21. Copyright - 版权22. Trademark - 商标23. Patent - 专利24. Liability - 责任25. Injunction - 禁令26. Arbitration - 仲裁27. Fraud - 欺诈28. Negligence - 过失29. Confidentiality - 保密30. Compliance - 合规二、法律英语词汇解析1. Legal system（法律体系）：法律体系指的是一国或地区的法律制度和机构的总称，包括宪法、法律、司法权力等。
2. Jurisdiction（司法权）：司法权指的是法院对特定案件的管辖权，包括管辖范围和地域范围。
英文法律术语
法律术语雅思口语8.5分经验分享冬日不出门家中一对一口语马上提高0.5-1分看这里 draft 法案,草案Government bill 政府议案to pass a bill, to carry a bill 通过议案to enact a law, to promulgate a law 颁布法律ratification, confirmation 批准law enforcement 法律的实施to come into force 生效decree 法令clause 条款minutes 备忘录report 判例汇编codification 法律汇编legislation 立法legislator 立法者jurist 法学家jurisprudence 法学legitimation 合法化legality, lawfulness 法制,合法legal, lawful 合法的,依法的to contravene a law, to infringe a law, to break a law 违法outlaw, outside the law 超出法律范围的offender 罪犯to abolish 废止,取消rescission, annulment 废除,取消repeal, revocation, annulment 废除(法律)cancellation, annulment, invalidation 废除(合同) cancellation (支票)作废annulment 撤消(遗嘱)repeal rescission 撤消(判决)revocation 撤消immunity 豁免,豁免权disability, legal incapacity 无资格nonretroactive character 不溯既往性prescription 剥夺公权attainder 公民权利的剥夺和财产的没收constitutional law 宪法canon law 教会法规common law 习惯法criminal law 刑法administrative law 行政法civil law 民法commercial law, mercantile law 商法law of nations 万国公法,国际法international law 国际法natural law 自然法labour laws 劳工法fiscal law 财政法Civil Suit Law, Code of civil law 民事诉讼法Criminal Law 刑事诉讼法Military Law 军法Conscript Law 兵役法Copyright Law 著作权法penal code 刑法典code of mercantile law 商法典civil rights 民事权利,公民权利right of asylum 避难权human rights, rights of man 人权(customs) duties 关税death duty, death tax 遗产税royalties 版税律师词汇(a b)案件受理费 court acceptance fee案情重大、复杂 important and complicated case案由 cause of action案子 case包揽诉讼 monopolize lawsuits被告 defendant(用于民事、行政案件); the accused (用于刑事案件) 被上诉人 appellee被诉人 respondent; defendant本案律师 councel pro hac vice本地律师 local counsel毕业证 diploma; graduation certificate辩护词 defense; pleadings辩护律师 defense lawyer辩护要点 point of defense辩护意见 submission29元外教VIP雅思口语课程冬日不出门家中一对一口语马上提高0.5-1分看这里律师词汇(c d)财产租赁 property tenancy裁定书 order; ruling; determination（指终审裁定）裁决书 award（用于仲裁）裁决书 verdict（用于陪审团）采信的证据 admitted evidence; established evidence草拟股权转让协议 drafting agreement of assignment of equity interests查阅法条 source legal provisions产权转让 conveyancing出差 go on errand; go on a business trip出国深造 further study abroad出具律师意见书 providing legal opinion出示的证据 exhibit出庭 appear in court传票 summons; subpoena答辩状 answer; reply代理词 representation代理房地产买卖与转让 agency for sale and transfer of real estate代理公证、商标、专利、版权、房地产、工商登记 agency for notarization, trademark, patent, copyright, and registration of real estate and incorporations代理仲裁 agency for arbitration代写文书 drafting of legal instruments待决案件 pending case当事人陈述 statement of the parties第三人 third party吊销执业证 revocation of lawyer license调查笔录 investigative record调查取证 investigation and gathering for evidence调解 mediation调解书 mediation外教VIP 十天口语提高一分冬日不出门家中一对一口语马上提高0.5-1分看这里律师词汇(e f)二审案件 case of trial of second instance发送电子邮件 send e-mail法律顾问 legal consultants法律意见书 legal opinions法律援助 legal aid法律咨询 legal counseling法庭 division; tribunal法学博士学位 LL.D (Doctor of Laws)法学会 law society法学课程 legal courses法学硕士学位 LL.M (Master of Laws)法学系 faculty of law; department of law法学学士学位 LL.B (Bachelor of Laws)J.D ( juris doctor缩写，美国法学学士)法学院 law school法院公告 court announcement反诉状 counterclaim房地产律师 real estate lawyer; real property lawyer非合伙律师 associate lawyer非诉讼业务 non-litigation practice雅思口语8.5分经验分享冬日不出门家中一对一口语马上提高0.5-1分看这里律师词汇(g h)高级合伙人 senior partner高级律师 senior lawyer各类协议和合同 agreements and contracts公安局 Public Security Bureau公司上市 company listing公诉案件 public-prosecuting case公证书 notarial certificate国办律师事务所 state-run law office国际贸易 international trade国际诉讼 international litigation国内诉讼 domestic litigation合伙律师 partner lawyer合伙制律师事务所 law office in partner-ship; cooperating law ofice 合同审查、草拟、修改 contract review, drafting and revision会见当事人 interview a client会见犯罪嫌疑人 interview a criminal suspect雅思口语8.5分经验分享冬日不出门家中一对一口语马上提高0.5-1分看这里律师词汇(j k l)兼职律师 part-time lawyer监狱 prison; jail鉴定结论 expert conclusion缴纳会费 membership dues举证责任 burden of proof; onus probandi决定书 decision勘验笔录 record of request看守所 detention house抗诉书 protest控告人 accuser; complainant跨国诉讼 transnational litigation劳动争议 labor disputes劳动争议仲裁委员会 arbitration committee for labor disputes 劳改场 reform-through-labor farm; prison farm利害关系人 interested party; party in interest律管处处长 director of lawyer control department律师 lawyer attorney; attorney at law律师惩戒 lawyer discipline律师法 Lawyer Law律师费 lawyer fee律师函 lawyer’s letter律师见证 lawyer attestation/authentication律师见证书 lawyer certification/authentication/witness律师卷宗 lawyer’s docile; file律师刊物 lawyer’s journal律师联系电话 contact phone number of a lawyer律师事务所 law office; law firm律师收费 billing by lawyer律师网站 lawyer website律师协会 National Bar (Lawyer) Association律师协会会员 member of Lawyer Association律师协会秘书长 secretary general of Bar (Lawyer) Association 律师协会章程 Articles of Lawyer Assocition律师业务室 lawyer’s office律师执业证 lawyer license律师助理 assistant lawyer律师资格考试 bar exam; lawyer qualification exam律师资格证 lawyer qualification certificate雅思口语8.5分经验分享冬日不出门家中一对一口语马上提高0.5-1分看这里律师词汇(m p q)民事案件 civil case民事调解 civil mediation民事诉讼 civil litigation派出所 local police station; police substation判决 judgement(用于民事、行政案件);determination(用于终审);sentence(用于刑事案);verdict(由陪审团作出)旁证 circumstantial evidence企业章程 articles of association; articles of incorporation; bylaw 企业重组 corporate restructure起诉状 information; indictment取消律师资格 disbar全国律师代表大会 National Lawyer Congress缺席宣判 pronounce judgement or determination by default雅思口语8.5分经验分享考前口语热身大讲堂口语马上提高0.5-1分看这里律师词汇(r s)人民法院 People’s Court人民检察院 People’s Procuratorate认定事实 determine facts上诉案件 case of trial of second instance; appellate case上诉人 appellant上诉状 petition for appeal涉外律师 lawyers specially handling foreign-related matters申请复议 administrative reconsideration petition申请加入律师协会 application for admission to Law Association申请人 petitioner; claimant申诉案件 appeal case申诉人（仲裁） claimant; plaintiff申诉书 appeal for revision, petition for revision实习律师 apprentice lawyer; lawyer in probation period实习律师证 certificate of apprentice lawyer视听证据 audio-visual reference material适用法律 apply law to facts受害人 victim书证 documentary evidence司法部 Ministry of Justice司法建议书 judicial advise司法局 Judicial Bureau司法局副局长 deputy director of Judicial Bureau司法局局长 director of Judicial Bureau司法统一考试 uniform judicial exam送达 service of process诉讼 litigation; action; lawsuit诉讼当事人 litigation party; litigious party诉讼业务 litigation practice诉状 complaint; bill of complaint; statement of claim 外教VIP 十天口语提高一分冬日不出门家中一对一口语马上提高0.5-1分看这里律师词汇(t w)推销法律服务 promote/market legal service外国律师事务所 foreign law office委托代理合同 authorized representation contract委托代理人 agent ad litem; entrusted agent委托授权书 power of attorney物证 material evidence嫌疑人 criminal suspect项目融资 project financing项目谈判 project negotiating刑事案件 criminal case刑事诉讼 criminal litigation行政诉讼 administrative litigation休庭 adjourn the court; recess外教VIP 十天口语提高一分冬日不出门家中一对一口语马上提高0.5-1分看这里律师词汇(x y z)宣判 pronounce judgement; determination宣誓书 affidavit业务进修 attendance in advanced studies一审案件 case of trial of first instance与国外律师事务所交流 communicate with foreign law firms 原告 plaintiff证券律师 securities lawyer证人证言 testimony of witness; affidavit执行笔录 execution record执业登记 registration for practice执业范围 scope of practice; sphere of practice; practice area 执业申请 practice application执业证年检 annual inspection of lawyer license仲裁 arbitration仲裁案件 arbitration case仲裁机构 arbitration agency专门律师 specialized lawyer专职律师 professional lawyer; full-time lawyer撰写法律文章 write legal thesis资信调查 credit standing investigation自诉案件 private prosecuting case雅思口语8.5分经验分享冬日不出门家中一对一口语马上提高0.5-1分看这里法律专业词汇中英对照(a,b)action of debt 债务诉讼acquit 无罪adjourn 暂时停止执行administrative decision 行政判决结果ad damnum 主张一定数额的赔偿金adverse judgement 不利的判决affidavit 传票送达人所写的切结书affirm 确定原判决affirm defence 积极的抗辩agency stage 行政机关的裁决agency hearing 听证会allegation 主张的事实american law 美国法an ex parte hearing 一方当事人到庭说明an adversary hearing 双方当事人到庭辩论answer 答辩状appellate jurisdiction 上诉管辖权appeal 上诉appellant 上诉人appellee 被上诉人appropriate 永久占有arrest the judgement 暂时终止法院判决结果arraignment 刑事案件法官与当事人之间安排案件的程序assigned counsel 公设辩护人assumpsit 承诺履行bailment 寄托制度bail 保释beyond the reasonable doubt 超越合理的怀疑bill of Middlesex 早期诉讼当事人向国王秘书处申请的令状，同意发给后才能到国王法院进行诉讼bailliff 法庭内的法警bias 偏见bench of conference 到法官室或法官面前进行会议bond 提供担保burden of proof 举证责任雅思口语8.5分经验分享冬日不出门家中一对一口语马上提高0.5-1分看这里 case law 案例法cause of action 起诉理由chancellor 衡平法官chancery division 衡平法庭circuit court 巡回法院civil law 大陆法civil right act 人权法案civil procedure 民事诉讼法clerk 书记官closing argument 诉讼结论co－defedant 共同被告common law 普通法、习惯法、一致法、共同法compurgation 宣誓采证法compurgatory 宣誓采证法中的证人complaint 起诉状concurrent jurisdiction 竞合管辖权consideration 约因consortium 婚姻生活权；配偶权；亲权contempt of court 藐视法庭罪contract under seal 封印契约contributory negligence 加工过失corpus juris secundum 美国法律百科全书counterclaim 反诉court of common pleas 民诉法院court of king's bench 王室法院court of exchequer 财务法院court of exchequer chamber 财务上诉法院country court 乡镇法院court of common bench 民诉法院court of chancery 衡平法院court of justice of the peace 地方治安法院court of probate 遗嘱继承法院court of divorce 婚姻法院court of appeal in chancery 衡平上诉法院court of crown cases reserved 皇室上诉法院court of assize 巡回法院court of outside the united kingdom 英国境外各法院court of first instance 第一审法院court of second instance 第二审法院court of the international trade 国际贸易法院court of appeals for the federal circuit 联邦巡回上诉法院covenant 封印契约赔偿令状cross claim 被告间诉讼cross examnation 复向对方提出之证人curia regis 国王的法院damages 损害赔偿debt 返还确定金钱的令状decree 衡平法院作成的判决deductive reasoning 演绎法default judgement 一造判决defendant 被告defendant in error 被上诉人demurrer 驳回deposition 诘问内容作成的笔录detinue 非法留置的动产回复令状dialectical reasoning 论理（辩证）方法direct examination 诘问自己提出辩证direct verdict 法官指示陪审团作出直接判决discovery process 发现程序dismiss 驳回dissenting opinion 不同意见书district court 地方法院diversity jurisdiction 多元管辖权docket 案件登陆dual system 双轨并行制度due process 正当程序雅思口语8.5分经验分享考前口语热身大讲堂口语马上提高0.5-1分看这里 ejectment 不动产侵害令状en banc 法院全体法官共同审理equatible right衡平上的权利equatible defence 衡平抗辩estate 遗产ex post facto 溯及既往expert witness 专家证人express mention 明示其一排除其他原则expressio unius est exclusio alterius 明示其一排除其他原则exclusive jurisdiction 排他的管辖权exclusionary rule 证据排除法则eyre system 巡回制度felony 重罪foreman of jury 陪审团主席forms of action 严格的诉讼形式forum 法院fountain of all justices 正义的源泉freehould interest in land 对土地有完全权利者general assumpsit 不当得利令状general jurisdiction 一般管辖权geografhic jurisdiction 地域管辖权grand jury 大陪审团雅思口语8.5分经验分享冬日不出门家中一对一口语马上提高0.5-1分看这里 habeas corpus 人身保护令状hearsay evidence 传闻证据high court of justice 高级法院holding 法院判决house of lords 上议院house of commons 下议院hearing 听证会impeach 质疑证人的可信度impleader 第三人诉讼implied promise 默示承诺in personam jurisdiction 对人诉讼independent source rules 独立咨询取得的证据indictment 起诉inductive reasoning 归纳法inevitable discovery rule 当然发现原则inferior court 美国联邦法院第一级法院统称小法院information 检察官的起诉状in good faith 诚信善意原则injunction 禁止命令instruction 法官向陪审团作指示interlocutory appeal 中间上诉intermediate appellate court 中间上诉法院inerrogatory 诘问的问题issues 争点joint and several liability 连带赔偿责任judicial act 司法法案judicial committee of the privy council 枢密院司法委员会judgement on the verdict 确定原判决judgement notwithstanding the verdict 自行判决jurisdiction over the subjuct matter 对物诉讼jury 陪审团juvenile court 青少年法院judgement 法官作成的判决king's bench division 王室法庭king's council国王的咨询会议外教VIP 十天口语提高一分冬日不出门家中一对一口语马上提高0.5-1分看这里民商法学与经济法学专业词汇Civil Laws, Commercial Laws and Economic Laws按照出资比例：in proportion to one’s respective contributions to the investment 办理注销登记：cancel the registration被代理人：the principal被侵权人 the infringed本人名义：in one’s name标的subject matter补偿制度compensation system不动产登记制Lot and Block System财产法 property law财产的添附 accretion of property; property accession财产抵押权 property mortgage财产继承权：the right of inheritance财产关系和人身关系：property relationships and personal relationships财产管理人 property administrator; custodian of property财产混同 confusion; hotchpot财产留置权 encumbrance采用书面形式：in writing仓单 warehouse voucher草签合同 initial a contract; sign a referendum contract; ad referendum contract 长期合同 long-term contract偿付能力 solvency capability of reimbursement超越代理权：beyond the scope of one’s power of agency撤消合同cancellation of contract撤销合同 cancel a contract; rescind a contract; avoid a contract撤销权 right of rescission; right of revocation撤销要约 revocation of offer; revoke an offer撤销遗赠 cancellation o will; revocationi of will承运人 actual fault of the carrier承运人的留置权 carrier’s lien诚信原则 principle of good faith诚实信用原则：principle honesty and credibility; principle of honestry and good faith; good faith principle ; bona fide principle船舶承租人 charterer船舶抵押权 right of mortgage with respect to a ship; mortage of the ship; ship mortgage船舶抵押权的设定 establishment of mortgage of the ship船舶抵押的消灭 extinguishments of the mortgage of the ship船舶抵押权登记 registration of ship mortgage船舶留置权 possessory lien; lien of ship村民委员会：the village committee惩罚性的损害赔偿 punitive damages乘人之危：take advantage of one’s unfavorable position处分财产 dispose of properties处分权 act of disposition处分原则 principle of disposition代理民事活动：be represented in civil activities by代理权终止：the expiration of one’s power of agency单独承担的责任 undivided responsibility单方法律行为unilateral obligation单方行政行为 unilateral administrative act等价有偿：making compensation for equal value对等原则principle of reciprocity对价consideration对抗措施counter measure对人权right in personam; personal right对世权 real right; right in rem恶意串通：conspire maliciously恶意行为ill will mala fides法人 judicial person; legal body法人的权利能力 legal capacity of juristic person法人的责任能力 capacity for responsibility of juristic person法人权限 corporate power法人人格 corporate personality法人身份 status of a legal person法人团体 corporation法人资格 corporate capacity法人组织章程：the articles of association of the legal person负共同连带责任 liable jointly and severally负全部责任 bear all responsibilities; in all charge负有解释的义务 accountable负有连带义务的每个债务人：each of the joint debtors附带的条件 incident附带要求 contingent claim附带原因 contributory cause; inherent cause附条件的民事法律行为：conditional civil juristic acts附条件的权利 conditional right赋予权力 entitle个体工商户：individual businesses个人合伙：individual partnership各尽所能，按劳分配 from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs 给付定金：leave a deposit with the other party工商行政管理机关：the administrative agency for industry and commerce公民基本义务 fundamental duties of citizens合同contract合同法contract law合同副本 copies of the contract合同规定 contract provisions/stipulations合同履行地法 lex loci contractus合同期限contract period (or contract term)合同条款contract terms (or contract clause)合同有效期contract life合同正本 originals of the contract合伙人：partners合议制 collegial system核准登记的经营范围：within the range approved and registered恢复原状recovery of original state; restitution; restoration of he original conditions; retitutio in integrum集体所有制企业：an enterprise under collective ownership技术合同纠纷案件 controversy over a technology contract监护人：guardian经主管机关核准登记：approved and registered by the competent authority居民委员会：the neighborhood committee履行监护职责：fulfill duty of guardianship埋藏物、隐藏物：buried or concealed object买卖、出租、抵押、转让：be sold, leased, mortgaged or transferred农村承包经营户：leaseholding farm households平等主体：civil subjects with equal status企业法人被撤销：the dissolution of an enterprise as legal person企业法人分立、合并：the division and merger of an enterprise as legal person企业法人解散：disbanding of an enterprise as legal person契约自由 liberty of contract取得不当得利：profits acquired improperly and without a lawful basis取得法人资格：be qualified as a legal person全民所有制企业：an enterprise owned by the whole people让与 alien; alienate; assign; cede让与的利益 benefit of cession让与权 benefit of cessioni设定义务的规则 rule of imposing duty设立、变更、终止民事关系：establish, change or terminate civil relationship所有权 ownership书面合同 a written contract双倍返还定金：repay the deposit in double双方法律行为 bilateral legal transaction擅自变更或者解除（民事法律行为）：alter or rescind one’s act arbitrarily他物权 right over the property of another提供一定的财产作为抵押物：offer a specific property as a pledge违反合同breach of contract委托代理：entrusted agency委托代理人：an entrusted agent无过错责任 liability without negligence无民事行为能力人：a person having no capacity for civil conduct无因管理：act as manager or provide services in order to protect another person’s interests when he is not legally or contractually obligated to do so下落不明 one’s whereabouts have been unknown限制民事行为能力人：a person with limited capacity for civil conduct享有连带权利的每个债权人：each of the joint creditors行使代理权：exercise the power of agency宣告为无（限制）民事行为能力人：declare … to be a person to be without or with limited capacity for civil conduct遗失物、漂流物：lost-and-found objects, flotsam以抵押物折价或者以变卖抵押物的价款优先得到偿还：to keep the pledge to offset the debt or have priority in satisfying his claim out of the proceeds from the sale of the pledge以合法形式掩盖非法目的：perform under the guise of legitimate acts which conceal illegitimate purposes以欺诈、胁迫的手段：as a result of cheating or coercion意思表示 show one’s intention意思表示真实：the intention expressed is genuine优先购买的权利：a right of pre-emption优先权 priority, preemptive right有过错的一方：the erring party有连带责任的 conjunctly and severally有权向债务人追偿：have the right to claim repayment from the debto造成财产损失：cause any property loss责任能力 capacity for responsibility责任年龄 capacity of responsibility; year of discretion债的标的 object of obligation债的发生 creation of obligation债的消灭 extinction of obligation占有人有权留置该财产：the possessor shall have a lien on the property指定代理：appointed agency执行合同 carry out a contract, execute/implement/fulfill/perform a contract 主要办事机构：the main administrative office追偿：claim compensation from住所：domicile雅思口语8.5分经验分享冬日不出门家中一对一口语马上提高0.5-1分看这里刑法学和行政法学专业词汇Criminal Laws and Administrative Laws帮助当事人毁灭、伪造证据罪 crime of aiding a client to destroy or forge evidence 绑架妇女儿童罪 crime of kidnapping women and children包庇、纵容黑社会性质组织罪 crime of harboring a mafia-style syndicate包庇毒品犯罪分子罪 crime of harboring drug criminals报复陷害罪case of retaliation and frame-ups必要共同犯罪 indispensable joint crime并科原则 doctrine of cumulating punishments剥夺权利deprival of rights不能犯 impossibility; unrealized offense参加恐怖活动组织罪 crime of taking part in an organization engaged in terrorist activities超越管辖权 excess of jurisdiction超越职权范围 overstep one’s authority惩办和宽大相结合combine punishment with leniency惩办少数、改造多数的原则 principle of punishing the few and reforming the many 惩罚措施 punitive measure惩罚性制裁 punitive sanction惩罚与教育相结合 combination of punishment and education处以刑罚 inflict punishment处以有期徒刑 sentence to fixed-term imprisonment触犯法律 break the law; violate the law抽逃出资罪 crime of flight of capital contribution抽象行政行为 abstract administrative act出口骗税犯罪活动 criminal activities of cheating out of tax rebates in export出售伪造发票罪 crime of selling counterfeit currency出于对法律的无知 from ignorance of law出于恶意 from malevolence从轻处罚 gie a lesser punishment从重处罚 give a severer punishment单位受贿罪 crime of bribe taken by a unit单一犯罪构成 single constitution of crime盗伐林木罪 crime of illegally chopping down trees; crime of illegally felling trees 盗窃、抢夺枪支、弹药、爆炸物罪 crime of stealing or seizing guns, ammunition or explosives盗窃犯 theft act; larcenist渎职犯罪案件case of dereliction of duty对象不能犯 object impossibility多次作案 repeatedly commit crimes罚不当罪 punishment does not fit the crime犯意 criminal intent; mens real犯罪低龄化 lowering ages of criminal offenders犯罪动机 criminal motive犯罪构成 constitution of a crime; constitutive elements of a crime犯罪构成要件 special constitutive elements of crime犯罪故意 criminal intent; guilty intent; meas rea犯罪集团 criminal gang; criminal group犯罪客观要件 objective circumstances of a crime犯罪客体 criminal object; object of a crime犯罪实行终了 completion of a criminal act犯罪学 criminology犯罪预防 crime prevention犯罪中止 discontinuance of crime; desistance of crime犯罪主观方面要素 subjective elements of crime犯罪主体 subject of crime犯罪着手 initiate a crime犯罪组织 criminal organization贩卖毒品罪 drug offense; crime of drug trafficking防卫过当 unjustifiable self-defense防卫挑拨 instigation of defense; provocation of defense防卫限度 limit of defense防止类似事件重演 prevent the recurrence of similar incidents妨碍公务罪 crime of disrupting public service妨害公共安全罪 crime of impairing public security放弃权利 withdraw a claim; waive a right非法持、私藏枪支、弹药罪 crime of illegally holding or hiding a firearm or ammunition 非法持有毒品罪 crime of illegally holding drugs非法干涉 illegal intervention非法干预 unlawful interference非法出售增值税专用发票罪 crime of illegal selling invoice for exclusive use of VAT 非法活动 unlawful activities非法利益 unlawful interests非法手段 illegal means非强制性行政行为 non-coercive form of administrative action非正式的 informal; irregular非政府机关 non-governmental organization非主要条件 non-essential stipulation非专业的 non-professional诽谤罪 crime of defamation隔地犯 offense of segregation by location隔时犯 offense of segregation by time工具不能犯 impossibility of instruments故意犯罪 calculated crime; intentional crime故意杀人罪 crime of intentional homicide故意伤害罪 crime of willful and malicious injury管辖：jurisdiction惯犯 habitual criminal惯例 custom and usage过失犯罪 criminal negligence; involuntary crime; negligent crime国家赔偿案件 case of state compensation国家赔偿的归责原则 principle of culpability for state compensation国家赔偿的双重过错原则 principle of dual faults for state compensation国家赔偿法 state compensation law国家赔偿主体 subject of state compensation国家权力机关 state authority国际审判机关 state judicial organs国家行政机关 state administrative organs国家意志 state’s will国家职能 function of the state国民待遇 national treatment黑社会性质的犯罪集团 gangland criminal syndicate; mafia-style criminal gang缓期二年执行 with a two-year reprieve缓刑 probate cessat executio集合犯 aggregate offense; collective offense既遂犯 accomplished crime继承法 inheritance law继续犯 continuous crime加重处罚 give an aggravated punishment beyond the maximum prescribed假冒他人注册商标罪 crime of counterfeiting the registered trademark of another 假释 parole假想防卫 imaginative defense假想数罪 imaginatively several crimes简单共同犯罪 simple joint crime间接故意 indirect intent; indirect iintentino教唆未遂 attempt of solicitation劫持船只、汽车罪 crime of hijacking a ship or an automobile劫持航空器罪 crime of skyjacking结果犯 consequential offen结果加重犯 aggregated consequential offense结合犯 combinative crime; integrated offense se拒不执行人民法院判决、裁定罪 crime of refusing o execute judgments or orders of the People’s Court具结悔过 make a statement of repentence具体行政行为 specific administrative act具体罪名concrete accusation绝对不确定法定刑 absolutely indeterminate statutory punishment军人违反职责罪 crimes of soldiers violating military dutie抗税罪 offense of resisting taxes客体不能犯 object impossibility空白罪状 blank facts about a crime滥伐林木罪 crime of illegal denudation累犯 recidivist; repeat offender; cumulative offense连续犯罪 continuing crime量刑 criterion for sentencing; sentencing criterion量刑不当 criterion for sentence量刑幅度 extent for discretionary action of sentencing虐待罪 crime of abusing member of one’s family挪用公款案 case of misappropriation of public funds偶犯 casual offender; casual offense情节加重犯 aggravated offense by circumstances情节特别严重 when the circumstances are particularly wicked情节严重、构成犯罪的 when the circumstances are so serious as to constitute a crime 取保候审 post a bail and await trial with restricted liberty of moving扰乱公共场所秩序罪 crime of disturbing order at public places刑法 criminal law刑罚 penalty; punishment刑事责任能力 criminal capacity行政法 administrative law; executive law行政法规 administrative laws and regulations行政法学 administrative jurisprudence行政解释 administrative interpretation行政救济 administrative remedy预防犯罪 anti-crime治安管理 security administration治安条例 security regulations雅思口语8.5分经验分享考前口语热身大讲堂口语马上提高0.5-1分看这里汉英法律专业词汇（法理、法制史、宪法学）Jurisprudence, History of Legal Systems and Constitution按照法律规定according to law按照确定的份额分享权力：be entitled to rights in proportion to his proper share of the credit按照确定的份额分担义务：assume obligations in proportion to his proper share of the debt案例教学法case system案例汇编case book; case report; law report柏拉图 Plato《保护人权与基本自由公约》(1950) Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, 1950 （罗）被视为be deemed as被宣布为非法be outlawed; be declared illegal比较法comparative law比较法学comparative jurisprudence比较法学派school of comparative jurisprudence比较法制史 comparative legal history比较分析法method of comparative analysis比较刑法comparative penal law比较刑法学comparative penal jurisprudence必然因果关系positive causal relationship边缘法学borderline jurisprudence变通办法adaptation; accommodation补充规定supplementary provision补救办法remedial measures不成文法unwritten law不成文宪法unwritten constitution不动产所在地法律 law of the place where the real property is situated; lex loci rei immobilisci不可分割的权利impartible right不可抗力 force majuere不可侵犯性inviolability不可让与性inalienability不履行法律义务non-performance of obligation不要式行为informal act不要因的法律行为non-causal juristic act不因实效而丧失的权利imprescriptible right不作为abstain from an act; act of omission部门法department law部门规章regulation参照 consult参照具体情况 in the light of actual conditions参照原文 consult the original查士丁尼法典 Code Justinian; Codex Justinianus查士丁尼法规汇编 Authenticum超出法律范围的 outside of law超出法律权限的 extralegal超过权限 exceed authority; beyond jurisdiction成文法 written law成文宪法written constitution冲突法 conflict of laws; rules of conflict冲突规则 conflict rule; rule of conflict除（本法）另有规定外 except for otherwise stipulated (by this law)除外条款 provisory clause除外责任条款 exclusion clause触犯公共利益 encroach on the public interests触犯国际利益 go against the state’s interests触犯人民利益 encroach on the interests of the people; go against the people’s interests传统法律观念 traditional ideas of law纯粹法学 pure theory of law次要法规 by law次要规则 secondary rule从宽解释原则 doctrine of liberal construction从权利 accessory right达到法定年龄 come of age大法 the fundamental law大法官Lord High Chancellor大法官法院Court of Chancery大陆法系Continental Legal System大律师barrister《大明律》Criminal Law of the Ming Dynasty （中）大陪审团 grand jury《大清律例》the Criminal Laws of the Qing Dynasty (中)《大宪章》(1215) Great Charter, 1215(英)单行法规specific regulations单一法律体系unitary legal system单一制政府unitary government但书proviso当代法学动向current trend of jurisprudence当然解释 natural interpretation党纪国法party discipline and the law of the country道德规范norm of morality道德义务 moral obligation《德国民法典》German Civil code德拉古 Draco地方各级人民代表大会 local people’s congresses at different levels地方各级人民法院local people’s courts at different levels地方各级人民检察院local people’s procuratorates at different levels地方各级人民政府local people’s governments at different levels第二读second reading第三读 third reading二元论the dualistic theory二元君主立宪制 dual constitutional monarchy system二元论 the dualistic theory。
Law 英文术语
法律英语常用词汇大全一、律师部分案件受理费court acceptance fee 案情重大、复杂important and complicated case案由cause of action 案子case 包揽诉讼monopolize lawsuits被告defendant(用于民事、行政案件); the accused (用于刑事案件)被上诉人appellee 被诉人respondent; defendant 本案律师councel pro hac vice本地律师local counsel 毕业证diploma; graduation certificate辩护词defense; pleadings 辩护律师defense lawyer 辩护要点point of defense辩护意见submission 财产租赁property tenancy 裁定书order; ruling; determination（指终审裁定）裁决书award（用于仲裁）裁决书verdict（用于陪审团）采信的证据admitted evidence; established evidence草拟股权转让协议drafting agreement of assignment of equity interests查阅法条source legal provisions 产权转让conveyancing出差go on errand; go on a business trip 出国深造further study abroad出具律师意见书providing legal opinion 出示的证据exhibit 出庭appear in court传票summons; subpoena 答辩状answer; reply 代理词representation代理房地产买卖与转让agency for sale and transfer of real estate代理公证、商标、专利、版权、房地产、工商登记agency for notarization, trademark, patent, copyright, and registration of real estate and incorporations 代理仲裁agency for arbitration代写文书drafting of legal instruments 待决案件pending case当事人陈述statement of the parties 第三人third party吊销执业证revocation of lawyer license 调查笔录investigative record调查取证investigation and gathering for evidence 调解mediation 调解书mediation二审案件case of trial of second instance 发送电子邮件send e-mail法律顾问legal consultants 法律意见书legal opinions 法律援助legal aid法律咨询legal counseling 法庭division; tribunal法学博士学位LL.D (Doctor of Laws)法学会law society 法学课程legal courses 法学硕士学位LL.M (Master of Laws)法学系faculty of law; department of law 法学学士学位LL.B (Bachelor of Laws) J.D ( Juris doctor缩写，美国法学学士) 法学院law school 法院公告court announcement反诉状counterclaim 房地产律师real estate lawyer; real property lawyer非合伙律师associate lawyer 非诉讼业务non-litigation practice 高级合伙人senior partner 高级律师senior lawyer 各类协议和合同agreements and contracts公安局Public Security Bureau 公司上市company listing 公诉案件public-prosecuting case 公证书notarial certificate 国办律师事务所state-run law office 国际贸易international trade 国际诉讼international litigation 国内诉讼domestic litigation 合伙律师partner lawyer合伙制律师事务所law office in partner-ship; cooperating law office合同审查、草拟、修改contract review, drafting and revision 会见当事人interview a client 会见犯罪嫌疑人interview a criminal suspect 兼职律师part-time lawyer 监狱prison; jail 鉴定结论expert conclusion 缴纳会费membership dues 举证责任burden of proof; onus probandi决定书decision 勘验笔录record of request 看守所detention house 抗诉书protest 控告人accuser; complainant 跨国诉讼transnational litigation 劳动争议labor disputes 劳动争议仲裁委员会arbitration committee for labor disputes 劳改场reform-through-labor farm; prison farm 利害关系人interested party; party in interest 律管处处长director of lawyer control department 律师lawyer attorney; attorney at law 律师惩戒lawyer discipline 律师法Lawyer Law 律师费lawyer fee 律师函lawyer’s letter 律师见证lawyer attestation/authentication律师见证书lawyer certification/authentication/witness 律师卷宗lawyer’s docile; file律师刊物lawyer’s journal 律师联系电话contact phone number of a lawyer律师事务所law office; law firm 律师收费billing by lawyer 律师网站lawyer website律师协会National Bar (Lawyer) Association 律师协会会员member of Lawyer Association律师协会秘书长secretary general of Bar (Lawyer) Association律师协会章程Articles of Lawyer Association律师业务室lawyer’s office 律师执业证lawyer license 律师助理assistant lawyer律师资格考试bar exam; lawyer qualification exam 律师资格证lawyer qualification certificate 民事案件civil case民事调解civil mediation 民事诉讼civil litigation派出所local police station; police substation判决judgment(用于民事、行政案件); determination(用于终审);sentence(用于刑事案); verdict(由陪审团作出) 旁证circumstantial evidence企业章程articles of association; articles of incorporation; bylaw 企业重组corporate restructure 起诉状information; indictment 取消律师资格disbar全国律师代表大会National Lawyer Congress缺席宣判pronounce judgement or determination by default 人民法院People’s Court人民检察院People’s Procuratorate 认定事实determine facts上诉案件case of trial of second instance; appellate case 上诉人appellant上诉状petition for appeal 涉外律师lawyers specially handling foreign-related matters申请复议administrative reconsideration petition申请加入律师协会application for admission to Law Association 申请人petitioner; claimant 申诉案件appeal case 申诉人（仲裁）claimant; plaintiff申诉书appeal for revision, petition for revision 实习律师apprentice lawyer; lawyer in probation period 实习律师证certificate of apprentice lawyer视听证据audio-visual reference material 适用法律apply law to facts 受害人victim书证documentary evidence司法部Ministry of Justice 司法建议书judicial advise 司法局Judicial Bureau司法局副局长deputy director of Judicial Bureau 司法局局长director of Judicial Bureau司法统一考试uniform judicial exam 送达service of process 诉讼litigation; action; lawsuit 诉讼当事人litigation party; litigious party 诉讼业务litigation practice诉状complaint; bill of complaint; statement of claim推销法律服务promote/market legal service 外国律师事务所foreign law office委托代理合同authorized representation contract 委托代理人agent ad litem; entrusted agent委托授权书power of attorney 物证material evidence 嫌疑人criminal suspect 项目融资project financing 项目谈判project negotiating刑事案件criminal case刑事诉讼criminal litigation 行政诉讼administrative litigation 休庭adjourn the court; recess宣判pronounce judgement; determination 宣誓书affidavit业务进修attendance in advanced studies 一审案件case of trial of first instance与国外律师事务所交流communicate with foreign law firms 原告plaintiff证券律师securities lawyer 证人证言testimony of witness; affidavit执行笔录execution record 执业登记registration for practice执业范围scope of practice; sphere of practice; practice area 执业申请practice application执业证年检annual inspection of lawyer license 仲裁arbitration 仲裁案件arbitration case仲裁机构arbitration agency 专门律师specialized lawyer专职律师professional lawyer; full-time lawyer 撰写法律文章write legal thesis资信调查credit standing investigation 自诉案件private prosecuting case二、诉讼法律案件case 案件发回remand/rimit a case (to a low court) 案件名称title of a case案卷材料materials in the case 案情陈述书statement of case案外人person other than involved in the case 案值total value involved in the case败诉方losing party 办案人员personnel handling a case保全措施申请书application for protective measures 报案report a case (to security authorities) 被告defendant; the accused 被告人最后陈述final statement of the accused被告向原告第二次答辩rejoinder 被害人victim 被害人的诉讼代理人victim’s agent ad litem被上诉人respondent; the appellee 被申请人respondent 被申请执行人party against whom execution is filed被执行人person subject to enforcement 本诉principal action 必要共同诉讼人party in necessary co-litigation 变通管辖jurisdiction by accord辩护defense 辩护律师defense attorney/lawyer 辩护人defender辩护证据exculpatory evidence; defense evidence 辩论阶段stage of court debate驳回反诉dismiss a counterclaim; reject a counterclaim 驳回请求deny/dismiss a motion驳回上诉、维持原判reject/dismiss the appeal and sustain the original judgement/ruling驳回诉讼dismiss an action/suit 驳回通知书notice of dismissal驳回自诉dismiss/reject a private prosecution驳回自诉裁定书ruling of dismissing private-prosecuting case 补充答辩supplementary answer 补充判决supplementary judgement 补充侦查supplementary investigation不公开审理trial in camera 不立案决定书written decision of no case-filing不批准逮捕决定书written decision of disapproving an arrest 不起诉nol pros不予受理起诉通知书notice of dismissal of accusation by the court财产保全申请书application for attachment; application for property preservation 裁定order; determination (指最终裁定)裁定管辖jurisdiction by order 裁定书order; ruling 裁决书award采信的证据admitted evidence 查封seal up 撤回上诉withdraw appeal撤诉withdraw a lawsuit 撤销立案revoke a case placed on file撤销原判，发回重审rescind the original judgement and remand the case ro the original court for retrial出示的证据exhibit 除权判决invalidating judgement (for negotiable instruments)传唤summon; call 传闻证据hearsay 答辩answer; reply 答辩陈述书statement of defence 答辩状answer; reply 大法官associate justices; justice 大检察官deputy chief procurator代理控告agency for accusation 代理申诉agency for appeal 代理审判员acting judge代为申请取保候审agency for application of the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving弹劾式诉讼accusatory procedure 当事人陈述statement of the parties当庭宣判pronouncement of judgement or sentence in court 地区管辖territorial jurisdiction地区检察分院inter-mediate People’s Procuratorate 第三人third party调查笔录record of investigation定期宣判pronouncement of judgement or sentence later on a fixed date定罪证据incriminating evidence; inculpatory evidence 冻结freeze督促程序procedure of supervision and urge 独任庭sole-judge bench独任仲裁员sole arbitrator对妨碍民事诉讼的强制措施compulsory measures against impairment of civil action对席判决judgement inter parties 二审trial of second instance二审案件case of trial of second insurance罚款impose a fine 法定证据statutory legal evidence 法定证据制度system of legal evidence 法官judges 法警bailiff; court police 法律文书legal instruments/papers 法律援助legal aid 法律咨询legal consulting 法庭辩论court debate 法庭调查court investigation法庭审理笔录court record 法庭审理方式mode of court trial法庭庭长chief judge of a tribunal 法院court 法院公告court announcement反诉counterclaim 反诉答辩状answer with counterclaim 反诉状counterclaim犯罪嫌疑人criminal suspect 附带民事诉讼案件 a collateral civil action附带民事诉讼被告defendant of collateral civil action 复查reexamination; recheck复验reinspect 高级法官senior judge 高级检察官senior procurator高级人民法院Higher People’s Court 告诉案件case of complaint告诉才处理的案件case accepted at complaint告诉申诉庭complaint and petition division工读学校work-study school for delinquent children公安部Ministry of Public Security 公安分局public security sub-bureau公安厅public security bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government 公开审理trial in public公开审判制度open trial system 公示催告程序procedure of public summons for exhortation 公诉案件public-prosecuting case 公诉词statement of public prosecution公证机关public notary office共同管辖concurrent jurisdiction 管辖jurisdiction国际司法协助international judicial assistance 海事法院maritime court合议庭collegial panel 合议庭评议笔录record of deliberating by the collegiate bench和解composition; compromise 核对诉讼当事人身份check identity of litigious parties恢复执行resumption of execution 回避withdrawal 混合式诉讼mixed action基层人民法院basic People’s Court 羁押期限term in custody级别管辖subject matter jurisdiction of courts at different levels监视居住living at home under surveillance 监狱prison 检察官procurator检察权prosecutorial power 检察委员会procuratorial/prosecutorial committee检察院procuratorate 检察院派出机构outpost tribunal of procuratorate简易程序summary procedure 鉴定结论expert conclusion 经济审判庭economic tribunal径行判决direct adjudication without sessions; judgement without notice纠问式诉讼inquisitional proceedings 拘传summon by force; summon by warrant拘留所detention house 举报information/report of an offence举证责任burden of proof; onus probandi 决定书decision 军事法院military procuratorate开庭审理open a court session 开庭通知notice of court session 勘验笔录record of inquest看守所detention house 可执行财产executable property 控告式诉讼accusatory proceedings 控诉证据incriminating evidence 控诉职能accusation function 扣押distrain on; attachment 扣押物distress/distraint 宽限期period of grace劳动争议仲裁申请书petition for labor dispute arbitration 劳改场reform-through-labor farm 劳教所reeducation-through-labor office类推判决的核准程序procedure for examination and approval of analogical sentence累积证据cumulative evidence 立案报告place a case on file 立案管辖functional jurisdiction 立案决定书written decision of case-filing 立案侦查report of placing a case on file利害关系人interested party 临时裁决书interim award律师见证书lawyer’s written attestation; lawyer’s written authentication律师事务所law office; law firm 律师提前介入prior intervention by lawyer免于刑事处分exemption from criminal penalty 民事案件civil case民事审判庭civil tribunal 民事诉讼civil action 民事诉讼法Civil Procedural Law扭送seize and deliver a suspect to the police 派出法庭detached tribunal派出所police station判决judgement; determination 判决书judgement; determination; verdict(指陪审团作出的) 旁证circumstantial evidence 陪审员juror 批准逮捕approval of arrest破案clear up a criminal case; solve a criminal case 破产bankruptcy; insolvency普通程序general/ordinary procedure 普通管辖general jurisdiction企业法人破产还债程序procedure of bankruptcy and liquidation of a business corporation起诉filing of a lawsuit 起诉sue; litigate; prosecute; institution of proceedings起诉状indictment; information 区县检察院grassroots People’s Procuratorate取保候审the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving 缺席判决default judgement人民调解委员会People’s Mediation Committee认定财产无主案件cases concerning determination of property as qwnerless认定公民无民事行为能力、限制民事行为能力案件cases concerning determination of a citizen as incompetent or with limited disposing capacity上诉appeal 上诉人appellant 上诉状petition for appeal 少管所juvenile prison社会治安综合治理comprehensive treatment of social security涉外案件cases involving foreign interests 涉外民事诉讼foreign civil proceedings涉外刑事诉讼foreign criminal proceedings申请人applicant; petitioner 申请书petition; application for arbitration申请执行人execution applicant 申诉人宣誓书claimant’s affidavit of authenticity申诉书appeal for revision; petition for revision 神示证据制度system of divinity evidence神示制度ordeal system 审查案件case review 审查并决定逮捕examine and decide arrest 审查起诉阶段stage of review and prosecution 审理通知书notice of hearing审判长presiding judge 审判长宣布开庭presiding judge announce court in session审判管辖adjudgement/trial jurisdiction 审判监督程序procedure for trial supervision审判委员会judicial committee 审判员judge 审问式诉讼inquisitional proceedings生效判决裁定legally effective judgement/order 胜诉方winning party省市自治区检察院higher People’s Procuratorate 失踪和死亡宣告declaration of disappearance and death 实（质）体证据substantial evidence 实物证据tangible evidence实在证据real evidence 示意证据demonstrative evidence 视听证据audio-visual evidence收容所collecting post; safe retreat首席大法官chief justice 首席检察官chief procurator受害人的近亲属victim’s immediate family 受理acceptance 受理刑事案件审批表registration form of acceptance of criminal case 受送达人the addressee书记员court clerk 书记员宣读法庭纪律court clerk reads court rules书证documentary evidence 司法部Ministry of Justice 司法机关judicial organizatons司法警察judicial police 司法局judicial bureau司法厅judicial bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions, and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government 司法协助judicial assistance死缓的复核judicial review of death sentence with a retrieve死刑复核程序procedure for judicial review of death sentence 死刑复核权competence for judicial review of death sentence 送达service of process送达传票service of summons/subpoena 送达诉状service of bill of complaint 搜查search诉sue; suit; action; lawsuit 诉前财产保全property attachment prior to lawsuit诉讼litigation; lawsuit; sue; action 诉讼保全attachment 诉讼参加人litigious participants诉讼代理人agent ad litem 诉状complaint; bill of complaint; state of claim特别程序special procedures 提起公诉institute a public prosecution 铁路法院railway court 铁路检察院railroad transport procuratorate 庭审程序procedure of court trial通缉wanted for arrest 投案appearance退回补充侦查return of a case for supplementary investigation委托辩护entrusted defense 未成年人法庭juvenile court 无行政职务的法官associate judge 无正当理由拒不到庭refuse to appear in court without due cause无罪判决acquit tal, finding of “ not guilty ” 物证material evidence先予执行申请书application for advanced execution 先予执行advanced execution刑事案件criminal case 刑事拘留criminal detention刑事强制拘留criminal coercive/compulsory measures 刑事审判庭criminal tribunal刑事诉讼criminal proceedings 刑事诉讼法Criminal Procedural Law刑事自诉状self-incriminating criminal complaint 行政案件administrative case行政审判庭administrative tribunal 行政诉讼administrative proceedings行政诉讼法Administrative Procedural Law宣告失踪、宣告死亡案件cases concerning the declaration of disappearance and death宣判笔录record of rendition of judgement选民资格案件cases concerning qualifications of voters询问证人inquire/question a witness 训诫reprimand 讯问笔录record of interrogation询问犯罪嫌疑人interrogate criminal suspect 言词证据verbal evidence要求传唤证人申请书application for subpoena 一裁终局arbitration award shall be final and binding 一审trial of first instance 一审案件case of trial of first instance应诉通知书notice of respondence to action 有罪判决sentence; finding of “guilty”予审preliminary examinantion; pretrial 原告plaintiff 院长court president 阅卷笔录record of file review (by lawyers) 再审案件case of retrial 再审申请书petition for retrial责令具结悔过order to sign a statement of repentance 债权人会议creditors’ meeting侦查阶段investigation stage 侦查终结conclusion of investigation征询原、被告最后意见consulting final opinion of the plaintiff and defendant 证据evidence 证据保全preserve evidence 证据保全申请书application for evidence preservation证人证言testimony of witness; affidavit 支付令payment order/warrant知识产权庭intellectual property tribunal 执行程序procedure execution执行逮捕execution of arrest 执行和解conciliation of execution执行回转recovery of execution 执行庭executive tribunal 执行异议objection to execution 执行员executor执行中止discontinuance of execution 执行终结conclusion of execution指定辩护appointed defense指定仲裁员声明statement of appointing arbitrator 中级人民法院intermediate People’s Court 中途退庭retreat during court session without permission 仲裁arbitration仲裁被诉人respondent; defendant 仲裁裁决award 仲裁申请书arbitration仲裁申诉人claimant; plaintiff 仲裁庭arbitration tribunal 仲裁委员会arbitration committee 仲裁协议arbitration agreement; clauses of arbitration 仲裁员arbitrator主诉检察官principal procurator 助理检察官assistant procurator 助理审判员assistant judge 专门法院special court专门管辖specific jurisdiction 专属管辖exclusive jurisdiction追究刑事责任investigate for criminal responsibility 自首confession to justice自诉案件private-prosecuting case自行辩护self-defense 自由心证制度doctrine of discretional evaluation of evidence自侦案件self-investigating case 最高人民法院the Supreme People’s Court最高人民检察院the Supreme People’s Procuratorate 最后裁决书final award三、民事法律法律渊源source of law 制定法statute 判例法case law; precedent 普通法common law特别法special law 固有法native law; indigenous law 继受法adopted law实体法substantial law 程序法procedural law 原则法fundamental law 例外法exception law 司法解释judicial interpretation 习惯法customary law 公序良俗public order and moral 自然法natural law 罗马法Roman Law 私法private law 公法public law 市民法jus civile 万民法jus gentium 民法法系civil law system 英美法系system of Anglo-American law大陆法系civil law system 普通法common law 大陆法continental law罗马法系Roman law system 英吉利法English law 衡平法equity; law of equity日尔曼法Germantic law 教会法ecclesiastical law 寺院法canon law 伊斯兰法Islamic law 民法法律规范norm of civil law 授权规范authorization norm 禁止规范forbidding norm义务性规范obligatory norm 命令性规范commanding norm民法基本原则fundamental principles of civil law 平等原则principle of equality自愿原则principle of free will 公平原则principle of justice等价有偿原则principle of equal value exchange 诚实信用原则principle of good faith行为act 作为act 不作为omission 合法行为lawful act 违法行为unlawful act民事权利权利能力civil right 绝对权absolute right 相对权relative right优先权right of priority 先买权preemption 原权antecedent right救济权right of relief 支配权right of dominion 请求权right of claim物上请求权right of claim for real thing 形成权right of formation撤销权right of claiming cancellation 否认权right of claiming cancellation解除权right of renouncement 代位权subrogated right 选择权right of choice承认权right of admission 终止权right of termination 抗辩权right of defense一时性抗辩权momentary right of defense 永久性抗辩权permanent counter-argument right不安抗辩权unstable counter-argument right同时履行抗辩权defense right of simultaneous performance 既得权tested right期待权expectant right 专属权exclusive right 非专属权non-exclusive right人身权利personal right 人权human right 人格权right of personality生命健康权right of life and health 姓名权right of name 名称权right of name肖像权right of portraiture 自由权right of freedom 名誉权right reputation隐私权right of privacy 私生活秘密权right of privacy 贞操权virginity right身份权right of status 亲权parental power; parental right 亲属权right of relative探视权visitation right 配偶权right of spouse 荣誉权right of honor权利的保护protection of right 公力救济public protection 私力救济self-protection权利本位standard of right 社会本位standard of society 无责任行为irresponsible right正当防卫justifiable right; ligitimate defence 防卫行为act of defence自为行为self-conducting act 紧急避险act of rescue; necessity 自助行为act of self-help不可抗力force majeure 意外事件accident 行为能力capacity for act意思能力capacity of will 民事行为civil act 意思表示declaration of intention意思表示一致meeting of minds; consensus 完全行为能力perfect capacity for act限制行为能力restrictive capacity for act 准禁治产人quasi-interdicted person保佐protection 自治产人minor who is capable of administering his own capacity无行为能力incapacity for act 禁治产人interdicted person 自然人natural person公民citizen 住所domicile 居所residence 经常居住地frequently dwelling place户籍census register 监护guardianship 个体工商户individual business农村承包经营户leaseholding rural household 合伙partnership 合伙人partner合伙协议partnership agreement 合伙财产property of partnership合伙债务debt of partnership 入伙join partnership 退伙withdrawal from partnership合伙企业partnership business establishment 个人合伙partnership法人合伙partnership of legal person 特别合伙special partnership普通合伙general partnership 有限合伙limited partnership 民事合伙civil partnership隐名合伙sleeping partnership; dormant partnership 私营企业private enterprise; proprietorship 法人legal person 企业法人legal body of enterprise 企业集团group of enterprise关联企业affiliate enterprise 个人独资企业individual business establishment国有独资企业solely state-owned enterprise 中外合资企业Sino-foreign joint venture enterprise 中外合作企业Sino-foreign contractual enterprise 社团法人legal body of mass organization财团法人legal body of financial group 联营joint venture法人型联营association of legal persons 合伙型联营coordinated management in partnership协作型联营cooperation-type coordinated management 合作社cooperative民事法律行为civil legal act 单方民事法律行为unilateral civil legal act双方民事法律行为bilateral civil legal act 多方民事法律行为joint act civil legal act有偿民事法律行为civil legal act with consideration无偿民事法律行为civil legal act without consideration; civil legal act without award实践性民事法律行为practical civil legal act 诺成性民事法律行为consental civil legal act要式民事法律行为formal civil legal act 不要式民事法律行为informal civil legal act要因民事法律行为causative civil legal act 不要因民事法律行为noncausative civil legal act 主民事法律行为principal civil legal act 从民事法律行为accessory civil legal act附条件民事法律行为conditional civil legal act 附期限民事法律行为civil legal act with term 生前民事法律行为civil legal act before death 死后民事法律行为civil legal act after death准民事法律行为quasi-civil legal act 无效行为ineffective act可撤销民事行为revocable civil act 违法行为illegal act; unlawful act 侵权行为tort欺诈fraud 胁迫duress 乘人之危taking advantage o f others’ precarious position以合法形式掩盖非法目的legal form concealing illegal intention恶意串通malicious collaboration 重大误解gross misunderstanding 显失公平obvious unjust 误传misrepresentation 代理agency 本人principal 被代理人principal 受托人trustee代理人agent 本代理人original agent 法定代理人statutory agent; legal agent委托代理人agent by mandate 指定代理人designated agent 复代理人subagent再代理人subagent 转代理人subagent 代理权right of agency 授权行为act of authorization 授权委托书power of attorney 代理行为act of agency 委托代理agency by mandate本代理original agency 复代理subagency 次代理subagency 有权代理authorized agency 表见代理agency by estoppel; apparent agency 律师代理agency by lawyer普通代理general agency 全权代理general agency全权代理委托书general power of attorney 共同代理joint agency 独家代理sole agency居间brokerage 居间人broker 行纪commission; broker house 信托trust时效time limit; prescription; limitation 时效中止suspension of prescription/limitation时效中断interruption of limitation/prescription 时效延长extension of limitation取得时效acquisitive prescription 时效终止lapse of time; termination of prescription期日date 期间term 涉外民事关系civil relations with foreign elements冲突规范rule of conflict 准据法applicable law; governing law 反致renvoi; remission转致transmission 识别identification 公共秩序保留reserve of public order法律规避evasion of law 国籍nationality 国有化nationalization 法律责任legal liability民事责任civil liability/responsibility 行政责任administrative liability/responsibility刑事责任criminal liability/responsibility违约责任liability of breach of contract; responsibility of default 有限责任limited liability无限责任unlimited liability 按份责任shared/several liability连带责任joint and several liability 过失责任liability for negligence; negligent liability过错责任fault liability; liability for fault 单独过错sole fault 共同过错joint fault混合过错mixed fault 被害人过错victi m’s fault 第三人过错third party’s fault推定过错presumptive fault 恶意bad faith; malice故意deliberate intention; intention; willfulness 过失negligence 重大过失gross negligence疏忽大意的过失careless and inadvertent negligence过于自信的过失negligence with undue assumption 损害事实facts of damage有形损失tangible damage/loss 无形损失intangible damage/loss财产损失property damage/loss 人身损失personal damage/loss精神损失spiritual damage/loss民事责任承担方式methods of bearing civil liability 停止侵害cease the infringing act排除妨碍exclusion of hindrance; removal of obstacle 消除危险elimination of danger返还财产restitution of property 恢复原状restitution; restitution of original state赔偿损失compensate for a loss; indemnify for a loss支付违约金payment of liquidated damage 消除影响eliminate ill effects恢复名誉rehabilitate one’s reputation 赔礼道歉extend a formal apology物权jus ad rem; right in rem; real right物权制度real right system; right in rem system一物一权原则the principal of One thing, One Right物权法定主义principal of legality of right in rem物权公示原则principal of public summons of right in rem 物权法jus rerem物property 生产资料raw material for production生活资料means of livelihood; means of subsistence流通物res in commercium; a thing in commerce 限制流通物limited merchantable thing禁止流通物res extra commercium; a thing out of commerce 资产asset 固定资产fixed asset 流动资产current asset; floating asset 动产movables; chattel 不动产immovable; real estate特定物res certae; a certain thing 种类物genus; indefinite thing可分物res divisibiles; divisible things 不可分物res indivisibiles; indivisible things主物res capitalis; a principal thing 从物res accessoria; an accessory thing原物original thing 孳息fruits 天然孳息natural fruits 法定孳息legal fruits无主物bona vacatia; vacant goods; ownerless goods 遗失物lost property漂流物drifting object 埋藏物fortuna; hidden property 货币currency证券securities 债券bond 物权分类classification of right in rem/real right自物权jus in re propria; right of full ownership 所有权dominium; ownership; title所有权凭证document of title; title of ownership 占有权dominium utile; equitable ownership 使用权right of use; right to use of 收益权right to earnings; right to yields处分权right of disposing; jus dispodendi 善意占有possession in good faith恶意占有malicious possession 按份共有several possession 共同共有joint possession他物权jus in re aliena 用益物权real right for usufruct 使用权right to use; right of use土地使用权right to the use of land 林权forest ownership 采矿权mining ownership经营权managerial authority; power of management 承包经营权right to contracted management相邻权neighboring right; relatedright 地上权superficies永佃权jus emphyteuticum; right to landed estate granted in perpetuity through a contract地役权servitude; easement 人役权servitus personarum; personal servitude担保物权real right for security 物的担保security for thing物的瑕疵担保warranty against defect of a thing抵押权hypotheca; hypothecation; right to mortgage 抵押权的设定creation of right to mortgage 抵押人mortgagor 抵押权人mortgagee 抵押标的物collateral; estate under mortgage抵押权的效力deffect of right to mortgage 抵押权的次序sequence of right to mortgage抵押权的抛弃abandonment of right to mortgage 抵押权的让与alienation of right to mortgage抵押权的实现materialization of right to mortgage抵押权的消灭extinction of right to mortgageregistration of estate under mortgage抵押物登记registration of estate under mortgage 抵押优先权priority of mortgage留置权lien 一般留置权general lien 特别留置权special lien质权hypotheque; pledge; right of pledge 佃权tenant right债权jus in personam; right to give or pro cure; claim; creditor’s right债权人creditor 债务人debtor 相对人counterpart; offeree 给付give; pay债务debt; liability; obligation 债务的偿还payment of debt 债务的偿清discharge of debt债务的担保guarantee of debt 债务的合并consolidation of debt债务的给付日期debt maturity 债务的免除exemption of debt 债的分类obligatio; obligation 法定之债legal obligation 任意之债voluntary obligation 简单之债simple obligation选择之债alternative obligation 主债prime/principal obligation 从债accessory obligation单一之债single obligation 按份之债several obligation 连带之债joint obligation特定之债certain obligation 种类之债indefinite obligation 合同之债contractual obligation 侵权行为之债tort obligation损害赔偿之债obligation of compensation for injury; obligation of damages人身损害damage to person 精神损害moral/mental/spiritual damage医药费hospital treatment expense 医疗费medical charge 抚恤金pension慰问金consolation money 产品瑕疵defect of product 不当得利unjust enrichment无因管理voluntary service债的担保guarantee of obligation 财产担保property guarantee 信用担保credit guarantee让与担保alienation guarantee 保证guaranty 明示保证express guaranty默示保证implied guaranty 保证人guarantor 保证合同contract of guaranty/suretyship保证金guaranty bond; security deposit 押金deposit; foregift 预付款advanced payment定金earnest money; deposit 违约金liquidated damages法定违约金liquidated damages by law 约定违约金liquidated damages by agreement债的履行performance of obligation 实际履行原则doctrine of specific performance情事变更原则doctrine of change of circumstances 不当履行misfeasance清偿discharge; satisfaction提存debtor’s submission of the subject matter of obli gation to competent authority 抵销setoff知识产权intellectual property知识产权国际保护international protection of intellectual property国民待遇原则doctrine of national treatment 优先权原则a right of priority doctrine自动保护原则doctrine of automatic protection 特许权使用费royalties智力成果intellectual property 著作权copyright 版权copyright 著作权人copyright owner 创作creation 作品opus; product; work 著作人格权right of personality of copyright发表权right of publication 署名权right of authorship; right of paternity修改权right of modification; right of revision 完整性保持权right to maintain integrity不可侵犯权inviolability 收回权right of recall; right of retrieval自费出版publish a boo k at the author’s own expense 著作财产权property right in work使用收益分享权right to share usufruct 利用权right to make use of获得报酬权right to get payment 重播权right of rebroadcasting 录制权right of fixation。
有关法学的名词解释英语
有关法学的名词解释英语近年来，随着国际交流的不断加强，法学作为一门学科也逐渐受到了广泛的关注。
学习法学的过程中，我们经常会遇到一些专业术语，尤其是在英文文献中。
为了帮助大家更好地理解这些术语，本文将对一些常见的法学名词进行解释。
1. Law法律Law是法学中最基本、最核心的概念之一。
它指的是由国家或社会制定和执行的一套规则，用于维护社会秩序、保护权益，以及调整人们在社会中的行为。
2. Legal法定的Legal是指符合法律规定、合法的。
在法律层面上，合乎法律规定的行为被称为legal action，而不合法的行为则被称为illegal action。
3. Constitution宪法Constitution是指一个国家或组织的最高法律文件，它规定了政府组织结构、公民权利和义务，以及政府与公民之间的关系。
宪法通常具有最高的法律权威，其他法律必须符合宪法的规定。
4. Contract合同Contract是指双方或多方在法律上达成的一种协议，约定了各方的权利和义务。
合同是法律上诉诸的一种重要形式，用于规范商业和个人之间的关系。
5. Tort民事侵权行为Tort是指一种违反法律规定，给他人造成损害的行为。
民事侵权行为是指以疏忽、过失或意图为基础，对个人财产或人身安全造成损害的行为，如肇事车辆驾驶员的责任、医疗事故等。
6. Criminal刑事犯罪的Criminal是指犯罪行为或与犯罪有关的事物。
刑事犯罪是指违反刑法规定，触犯国家法律的行为。
常见的刑事犯罪包括盗窃、杀人、贩毒等。
7. Evidence证据Evidence是指用于证明一个事实或支持一个主张的信息或物品。
在法律中，证据是决定案件真相和法律责任的重要依据。
证据可以是文件、录音、视频、证人证言等。
8. Procedure程序Procedure是指在法律程序中遵循的特定步骤和规则。
法律程序确保了公正和平等的司法处理，包括立案、审理、判决等环节。
9. Jurisdiction司法管辖权Jurisdiction是指法院、法官或其他司法机关在特定领域或特定案件中行使权力的范围。
法律英语法律术语
法律英语法律术语1、TWO MAIN LEGAL FAMILIESCommon/English/English-American Law (Legal) System/Family普通法系- case law system- Anglo-Saxon case-law system- Anglo-American legal systemContinental/Roman/Civil Law (Legal) System/Family⼤陆法系- civilian legal system- civil-law system2、civil law民法、国内法、罗马法、⼤陆法3、substantive Law（实体法）VS procedural Law（程序法）4、case law（案例法）vs. statutory law（成⽂法）statutory / written / codified / enacted law制定法、成⽂法5、adversary trial system（对抗制）vs. inquisitorial system （纠问制）6、jury trial system陪审团制度7、The reports of the United States Supreme Court联邦最⾼法院判例汇编The reports of some States州法院判例汇编8、legal cases法律案例9、private law and / vs. public law10、the statutory law continues to be subject to binding interpretation through case law（其成⽂法继续适⽤通过判例法(注：即先例)进⾏的有约束⼒的解释）11、Common law (in narrow sense):- common general law- local law- itinerant judges of the English royal court- enforcement of a claim- special form of action: writ- classical Roman law- Provisions of Oxford (1258)⽜津条例- “writ upon the case”本案令状12、enforcement 强制执⾏；claim 请求；action 诉讼⾏为；writ 法院令状；recourse 追索权；追索，追偿13、Equity law衡平法- “ equity ”——doing equity- chancellor- relief 救济- judiciary- Court of Chancery （衡平法院）and / vs. ordinary common law courts-maxim- fixed, inflexible- equitable doctrines (e.g. law of salvage at sea)- In a conflict between law & equity,equity should prevail.14、awardcompensatory, compensatedamagesspecific performance特定履⾏|实际履⾏injunction强制令real/immoveable property（不动产）and / vs. personal/moveable property （动产）15、c ommon law remedy/relief:普通法救济- (compensatory) damages⾦钱赔偿16、e quity/equitable remedies/relief:衡平法救济- injunction ( a temporary or final order to do or not to do a specific act)强制令- specific performance (a party to an agreement is ordered by the court to perform his obligations according to the terms of the agreement)- restitution17、judicialexpress （明⽰）vs. implied （默⽰）provision, providejurisdiction 管辖区域,法域; (司法）管辖权civil suit民事诉讼titlethe law of property财产法before the judge在法庭上17、a pply/applicable/available适⽤于be subject to受。
法律英语专业术语大全.doc
一、律师部分案件受理费court acceptance fee案情重大、复杂important and complicated case案由cause of action案子case包揽诉讼monopolize lawsuits被告defendant(用于民事、行政案件); the accused (用于刑事案件) 被上诉人appellee被诉人respondent; defendant本案律师councel pro hac vice本地律师local counsel毕业证diploma; graduation certificate辩护词defense; pleadings辩护律师defense lawyer辩护要点point of defense辩护意见submission财产租赁property tenancy裁定书order; ruling; determination（指终审裁定）裁决书award（用于仲裁）裁决书verdict（用于陪审团）采信的证据admitted evidence; established evidence草拟股权转让协议drafting agreement of assignment of equity interests查阅法条source legal provisions产权转让conveyancing出差go on errand; go on a business trip出国深造further study abroad出具律师意见书providing legal opinion出示的证据exhibit出庭appear in court传票summons; subpoena答辩状answer; reply代理词representation代理房地产买卖与转让agency for sale and transfer of real estate代理公证、商标、专利、版权、房地产、工商登记agency for notarization, trademark, patent, copyright, and registration of real estate and incorporations代理仲裁agency for arbitration代写文书drafting of legal instruments待决案件pending case当事人陈述statement of the parties第三人third party吊销执业证revocation of lawyer license调查笔录investigative record调查取证investigation and gathering for evidence调解mediation调解书mediation二审案件case of trial of second instance发送电子邮件send e-mail法律顾问legal consultants法律意见书legal opinions法律援助legal aid法律咨询legal counseling法庭division; tribunal法学博士学位LL.D (Doctor of Laws)法学会law society法学课程legal courses法学硕士学位LL.M (Master of Laws)法学系faculty of law; department of law法学学士学位LL.B (Bachelor of Laws)J.D ( juris doctor缩写，美国法学学士)法学院law school法院公告court announcement反诉状counterclaim房地产律师real estate lawyer; real property lawyer 非合伙律师associate lawyer非诉讼业务non-litigation practice高级合伙人senior partner高级律师senior lawyer各类协议和合同agreements and contracts公安局Public Security Bureau公司上市company listing公诉案件public-prosecuting case公证书notarial certificate国办律师事务所state-run law office国际贸易international trade国际诉讼international litigation国内诉讼domestic litigation合伙律师partner lawyer合伙制律师事务所law office in partner-ship; cooperating law ofice 合同审查、草拟、修改contract review, drafting and revision会见当事人interview a client会见犯罪嫌疑人interview a criminal suspect兼职律师part-time lawyer监狱prison; jail鉴定结论expert conclusion缴纳会费membership dues举证责任burden of proof; onus probandi决定书decision勘验笔录record of request看守所detention house抗诉书protest控告人accuser; complainant跨国诉讼transnational litigation劳动争议labor disputes劳动争议仲裁委员会arbitration committee for labor disputes 劳改场reform-through-labor farm; prison farm利害关系人interested party; party in interest律管处处长director of lawyer control department律师lawyer attorney; attorney at law律师惩戒lawyer discipline律师法Lawyer Law律师费lawyer fee律师函lawyer’s letter律师见证lawyer attestation/authentication律师见证书lawyer certification/authentication/witness律师卷宗lawyer’s docile; file律师刊物lawyer’s journal律师联系电话contact phone number of a lawyer律师事务所law office; law firm律师收费billing by lawyer律师网站lawyer website律师协会National Bar (Lawyer) Association律师协会会员member of Lawyer Association律师协会秘书长secretary general of Bar (Lawyer) Association 律师协会章程Articles of Lawyer Assocition律师业务室lawyer’s office律师执业证lawyer license律师助理assistant lawyer律师资格考试bar exam; lawyer qualification exam律师资格证lawyer qualification certificate民事案件civil case民事调解civil mediation民事诉讼civil litigation派出所local police station; police substation判决judgement(用于民事、行政案件);determination(用于终审);sentence(用于刑事案);verdict(由陪审团作出)旁证circumstantial evidence企业章程articles of association; articles of incorporation; bylaw 企业重组corporate restructure起诉状information; indictment取消律师资格disbar全国律师代表大会National Lawyer Congress缺席宣判pronounce judgement or determination by default人民法院People’s Court人民检察院People’s Procuratorate认定事实determine facts上诉案件case of trial of second instance; appellate case上诉人appellant上诉状petition for appeal涉外律师lawyers specially handling foreign-related matters申请复议administrative reconsideration petition申请加入律师协会application for admission to Law Association 申请人petitioner; claimant申诉案件appeal case申诉人（仲裁）claimant; plaintiff申诉书appeal for revision, petition for revision实习律师apprentice lawyer; lawyer in probation period实习律师证certificate of apprentice lawyer视听证据audio-visual reference material适用法律apply law to facts受害人victim书证documentary evidence司法部Ministry of Justice司法建议书judicial advise司法局Judicial Bureau司法局副局长deputy director of Judicial Bureau司法局局长director of Judicial Bureau司法统一考试uniform judicial exam送达service of process诉讼litigation; action; lawsuit诉讼当事人litigation party; litigious party诉讼业务litigation practice诉状complaint; bill of complaint; statement of claim 推销法律服务promote/market legal service外国律师事务所foreign law office委托代理合同authorized representation contract委托代理人agent ad litem; entrusted agent委托授权书power of attorney物证material evidence嫌疑人criminal suspect项目融资project financing项目谈判project negotiating刑事案件criminal case刑事诉讼criminal litigation行政诉讼administrative litigation休庭adjourn the court; recess宣判pronounce judgement; determination宣誓书affidavit业务进修attendance in advanced studies一审案件case of trial of first instance与国外律师事务所交流communicate with foreign law firms 原告plaintiff证券律师securities lawyer证人证言testimony of witness; affidavit执行笔录execution record执业登记registration for practice执业范围scope of practice; sphere of practice; practice area 执业申请practice application执业证年检annual inspection of lawyer license仲裁arbitration仲裁案件arbitration case仲裁机构arbitration agency专门律师specialized lawyer专职律师professional lawyer; full-time lawyer撰写法律文章write legal thesis资信调查credit standing investigation自诉案件private prosecuting case二、诉讼法律案件case案件发回remand/rimit a case (to a low court)案件名称title of a case案卷材料materials in the case案情陈述书statement of case案外人person other than involved in the case案值total value involved in the case败诉方losing party办案人员personnel handling a case保全措施申请书application for protective measures 报案report a case (to security authorities)被告defendant; the accused被告人最后陈述final statement of the accused被告向原告第二次答辩rejoinder被害人victim被害人的诉讼代理人victim’s agent ad litem被上诉人respondent; the appellee被申请人respondent被申请执行人party against whom execution is filed 被执行人person subject to enforcement本诉principal action必要共同诉讼人party in necessary co-litigation变通管辖jurisdiction by accord辩护defense辩护律师defense attorney/lawyer辩护人defender辩护证据exculpatory evidence; defense evidence辩论阶段stage of court debate驳回反诉dismiss a counterclaim; reject a counterclaim驳回请求deny/dismiss a motion驳回上诉、维持原判reject/dismiss the appeal and sustain the original judgement/ruling 驳回诉讼dismiss an action/suit驳回通知书notice of dismissal驳回自诉dismiss/reject a private prosecution驳回自诉裁定书ruling of dismissing private-prosecuting case补充答辩supplementary answer补充判决supplementary judgement补充侦查supplementary investigation不公开审理trial in camera不立案决定书written decision of no case-filing不批准逮捕决定书written decision of disapproving an arrest不起诉nol pros不予受理起诉通知书notice of dismissal of accusation by the court财产保全申请书application for attachment; application for property preservation裁定order; determination (指最终裁定)裁定管辖jurisdiction by order裁定书order; ruling裁决书award采信的证据admitted evidence查封seal up撤回上诉withdraw appeal撤诉withdraw a lawsuit撤销立案revoke a case placed on file撤销原判，发回重审rescind the original judgement and remand the case ro the original court for retrial出示的证据exhibit除权判决invalidating judgement (for negotiable instruments)传唤summon; call传闻证据hearsay答辩answer; reply答辩陈述书statement of defence答辩状answer; reply大法官associate justices; justice大检察官deputy chief procurator代理控告agency for accusation代理申诉agency for appeal代理审判员acting judge代为申请取保候审agency for application of the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving弹劾式诉讼accusatory procedure当事人陈述statement of the parties当庭宣判pronouncement of judgement or sentence in court地区管辖territorial jurisdiction地区检察分院inter-mediate People’s Procuratorate第三人third party调查笔录record of investigation定期宣判pronouncement of judgement or sentence later on a fixed date定罪证据incriminating evidence; inculpatory evidence冻结freeze督促程序procedure of supervision and urge独任庭sole-judge bench独任仲裁员sole arbitrator对妨碍民事诉讼的强制措施compulsory measures against impairment of civil action对席判决judgement inter parties二审trial of second instance二审案件case of trial of second insurance罚款impose a fine法定证据statutory legal evidence法定证据制度system of legal evidence法官judges法警bailiff; court police法律文书legal instruments/papers法律援助legal aid法律咨询legal consulting法庭辩论court debate法庭调查court investigation法庭审理笔录court record法庭审理方式mode of court trial法庭庭长chief judge of a tribunal法院court法院公告court announcement反诉counterclaim反诉答辩状answer with counterclaim反诉状counterclaim犯罪嫌疑人criminal suspect附带民事诉讼案件a collateral civil action附带民事诉讼被告defendant of collateral civil action 复查reexamination; recheck复验reinspect高级法官senior judge高级检察官senior procurator高级人民法院Higher People’s Court告诉案件case of complaint告诉才处理的案件case accepted at complaint告诉申诉庭complaint and petition division工读学校work-study school for delinquent children公安部Ministry of Public Security公安分局public security sub-bureau公安厅public security bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government公开审理trial in public公开审判制度open trial system公示催告程序procedure of public summons for exhortation公诉案件public-prosecuting case公诉词statement of public prosecution公证机关public notary office共同管辖concurrent jurisdiction管辖jurisdiction国际司法协助international judicial assistance海事法院maritime court合议庭collegial panel合议庭评议笔录record of deliberating by the collegiate bench和解composition; compromise核对诉讼当事人身份check identity of litigious parties恢复执行resumption of execution回避withdrawal混合式诉讼mixed action基层人民法院basic People’s Court羁押期限term in custody级别管辖subject matter jurisdiction of courts at different levels监视居住living at home under surveillance监狱prison检察官procurator检察权prosecutorial power检察委员会procuratorial/prosecutorial committee检察院procuratorate检察院派出机构outpost tribunal of procuratorate简易程序summary procedure鉴定结论expert conclusion经济审判庭economic tribunal径行判决direct adjudication without sessions; judgement without notice 纠问式诉讼inquisitional proceedings拘传summon by force; summon by warrant拘留所detention house举报information/report of an offence举证责任burden of proof; onus probandi决定书decision军事法院military procuratorate开庭审理open a court session开庭通知notice of court session勘验笔录record of inquest看守所detention house可执行财产executable property控告式诉讼accusatory proceedings控诉证据incriminating evidence控诉职能accusation function扣押distrain on; attachment扣押物distress/distraint宽限期period of grace劳动争议仲裁申请书petition for labor dispute arbitration劳改场reform-through-labor farm劳教所reeducation-through-labor office类推判决的核准程序procedure for examination and approval of analogical sentence 累积证据cumulative evidence立案报告place a case on file立案管辖functional jurisdiction立案决定书written decision of case-filing立案侦查report of placing a case on file利害关系人interested party临时裁决书interim award律师见证书lawyer’s written attestation; lawyer’s written authentication 律师事务所law office; law firm律师提前介入prior intervention by lawyer免于刑事处分exemption from criminal penalty民事案件civil case民事审判庭civil tribunal民事诉讼civil action民事诉讼法Civil Procedural Law扭送seize and deliver a suspect to the police派出法庭detached tribunal派出所police station判决judgement; determination判决书judgement; determination; verdict (指陪审团作出的)旁证circumstantial evidence陪审员juror批准逮捕approval of arrest破案clear up a criminal case; solve a criminal case破产bankruptcy; insolvency普通程序general/ordinary procedure普通管辖general jurisdiction企业法人破产还债程序procedure of bankruptcy and liquidation of a business corporation起诉filing of a lawsuit起诉sue; litigate; prosecute; institution of proceedings起诉状indictment; information区县检察院grassroots People’s Procuratorate取保候审the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving缺席判决default judgement人民调解委员会People’s Mediation Committee认定财产无主案件cases concerning determination of property as qwnerless认定公民无民事行为能力、限制民事行为能力案件cases concerning determination of a citizen as incompetent or with limited disposing capacity上诉appeal上诉人appellant上诉状petition for appeal少管所juvenile prison社会治安综合治理comprehensive treatment of social security涉外案件cases involving foreign interests涉外民事诉讼foreign civil proceedings涉外刑事诉讼foreign criminal proceedings申请人applicant; petitioner申请书petition; application for arbitration申请执行人execution applicant申诉人宣誓书claimant’s affidavit of authenticity申诉书appeal for revision; petition for revision神示证据制度system of divinity evidence神示制度ordeal system审查案件case review审查并决定逮捕examine and decide arrest审查起诉阶段stage of review and prosecution审理通知书notice of hearing审判长presiding judge审判长宣布开庭presiding judge announce court in session 审判管辖adjudgement/trial jurisdiction审判监督程序procedure for trial supervision审判委员会judicial committee审判员judge审问式诉讼inquisitional proceedings生效判决裁定legally effective judgement/order胜诉方winning party省市自治区检察院higher People’s Procuratorate失踪和死亡宣告declaration of disappearance and death实（质）体证据substantial evidence实物证据tangible evidence实在证据real evidence示意证据demonstrative evidence视听证据audio-visual evidence收容所collecting post; safe retreat首席大法官chief justice首席检察官chief procurator受害人的近亲属victim’s immediate family受理acceptance受理刑事案件审批表registration form of acceptance of criminal case受送达人the addressee书记员court clerk书记员宣读法庭纪律court clerk reads court rules书证documentary evidence司法部Ministry of Justice司法机关judicial organizatons司法警察judicial police司法局judicial bureau司法厅judicial bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions, and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government司法协助judicial assistance死缓的复核judicial review of death sentence with a retrieve死刑复核程序procedure for judicial review of death sentence死刑复核权competence for judicial review of death sentence送达service of process送达传票service of summons/subpoena送达诉状service of bill of complaint搜查search诉sue; suit; action; lawsuit诉前财产保全property attachment prior to lawsuit诉讼litigation; lawsuit; sue; action诉讼保全attachment诉讼参加人litigious participants诉讼代理人agent ad litem诉状complaint; bill of complaint; state of claim特别程序special procedures提起公诉institute a public prosecution铁路法院railway court铁路检察院railroad transport procuratorate庭审程序procedure of court trial通缉wanted for arrest投案appearance退回补充侦查return of a case for supplementary investigation 委托辩护entrusted defense未成年人法庭juvenile court无行政职务的法官associate judge无正当理由拒不到庭refuse to appear in court without due cause无罪判决acquittal, finding of “not guilty ”物证material evidence先予执行申请书application for advanced execution先予执行advanced execution刑事案件criminal case刑事拘留criminal detention刑事强制拘留criminal coercive/compulsory measures刑事审判庭criminal tribunal刑事诉讼criminal proceedings刑事诉讼法Criminal Procedural Law刑事自诉状self-incriminating criminal complaint行政案件administrative case行政审判庭administrative tribunal行政诉讼administrative proceedings行政诉讼法Administrative Procedural Law宣告失踪、宣告死亡案件cases concerning the declaration of disappearance and death 宣判笔录record of rendition of judgement选民资格案件cases concerning qualifications of voters询问证人inquire/question a witness训诫reprimand讯问笔录record of interrogation询问犯罪嫌疑人interrogate criminal suspect言词证据verbal evidence要求传唤证人申请书application for subpoena一裁终局arbitration award shall be final and binding一审trial of first instance一审案件case of trial of first instance应诉通知书notice of respondence to action有罪判决sentence; finding of “guilty”予审preliminary examinantion; pretrial原告plaintiff院长court president阅卷笔录record of file review (by lawyers)再审案件case of retrial再审申请书petition for retrial责令具结悔过order to sign a statement of repentance债权人会议creditors’meeting侦查阶段investigation stage侦查终结conclusion of investigation征询原、被告最后意见consulting final opinion of the plaintiff and defendant 证据evidence证据保全preserve evidence证据保全申请书application for evidence preservation证人证言testimony of witness; affidavit支付令payment order/warrant知识产权庭intellectual property tribunal执行程序procedure execution执行逮捕execution of arrest执行和解conciliation of execution执行回转recovery of execution执行庭executive tribunal执行异议objection to execution执行员executor执行中止discontinuance of execution执行终结conclusion of execution指定辩护appointed defense指定仲裁员声明statement of appointing arbitrator中级人民法院intermediate People’s Court中途退庭retreat during court session without permission 仲裁arbitration仲裁被诉人respondent; defendant仲裁裁决award仲裁申请书arbitration仲裁申诉人claimant; plaintiff仲裁庭arbitration tribunal仲裁委员会arbitration committee仲裁协议arbitration agreement; clauses of arbitration仲裁员arbitrator主诉检察官principal procurator助理检察官assistant procurator助理审判员assistant judge专门法院special court专门管辖specific jurisdiction专属管辖exclusive jurisdiction追究刑事责任investigate for criminal responsibility自首confession to justice自诉案件private-prosecuting case自行辩护self-defense自由心证制度doctrine of discretional evaluation of evidence 自侦案件self-investigating case最高人民法院the Supreme People’s Court最高人民检察院the Supreme People’s Procuratorate最后裁决书final award三、民事法律法律渊源source of law制定法statute判例法case law; precedent普通法common law特别法special law固有法native law; indigenous law继受法adopted law实体法substantial law程序法procedural law原则法fundamental law例外法exception law司法解释judicial interpretation习惯法customary law公序良俗public order and moral自然法natural law罗马法Roman Law私法private law公法public law市民法jus civile万民法jus gentium民法法系civil law system英美法系system of Anglo-American law 大陆法系civil law system普通法common law大陆法continental law罗马法系Roman law system英吉利法English law衡平法equity; law of equity日尔曼法Germantic law教会法ecclesiastical law寺院法canon law伊斯兰法Islamic law民法法律规范norm of civil law授权规范authorization norm禁止规范forbidding norm义务性规范obligatory norm命令性规范commanding norm民法基本原则fundamental principles of civil law 平等原则principle of equality自愿原则principle of free will公平原则principle of justice等价有偿原则principle of equal value exchange 诚实信用原则principle of good faith行为act作为act不作为omission合法行为lawful act违法行为unlawful act民事权利权利能力civil right绝对权absolute right相对权relative right优先权right of priority先买权preemption原权antecedent right救济权right of relief支配权right of dominion请求权right of claim物上请求权right of claim for real thing形成权right of formation撤销权right of claiming cancellation否认权right of claiming cancellation解除权right of renouncement代位权subrogated right选择权right of choice承认权right of admission终止权right of termination抗辩权right of defense一时性抗辩权momentary right of defense永久性抗辩权permanent counter-argument right不安抗辩权unstable counter-argument right同时履行抗辩权defense right of simultaneous performance 既得权tested right期待权expectant right专属权exclusive right非专属权non-exclusive right人身权利personal right人权human right人格权right of personality生命健康权right of life and health姓名权right of name名称权right of name肖像权right of portraiture自由权right of freedom名誉权right reputation隐私权right of privacy私生活秘密权right of privacy贞操权virginity right身份权right of status亲权parental power; parental right亲属权right of relative探视权visitation right配偶权right of spouse荣誉权right of honor权利的保护protection of right公力救济public protection私力救济self-protection权利本位standard of right社会本位standard of society无责任行为irresponsible right正当防卫justifiable right; ligitimate defence 防卫行为act of defence自为行为self-conducting act紧急避险act of rescue; necessity自助行为act of self-help不可抗力force majeure意外事件accident行为能力capacity for act意思能力capacity of will民事行为civil act意思表示declaration of intention意思表示一致meeting of minds; consensus 完全行为能力perfect capacity for act限制行为能力restrictive capacity for act准禁治产人quasi-interdicted person保佐protection自治产人minor who is capable of administering his own capacity 无行为能力incapacity for act禁治产人interdicted person自然人natural person公民citizen住所domicile居所residence经常居住地frequently dwelling place户籍census register监护guardianship个体工商户individual business农村承包经营户leaseholding rural household合伙partnership合伙人partner合伙协议partnership agreement合伙财产property of partnership合伙债务debt of partnership入伙join partnership退伙withdrawal from partnership合伙企业partnership business establishment个人合伙partnership法人合伙partnership of legal person特别合伙special partnership普通合伙general partnership有限合伙limited partnership民事合伙civil partnership隐名合伙sleeping partnership; dormant partnership私营企业private enterprise; proprietorship法人legal person企业法人legal body of enterprise企业集团group of enterprise关联企业affiliate enterprise个人独资企业individual business establishment国有独资企业solely state-owned enterprise中外合资企业Sino-foreign joint venture enterprise中外合作企业Sino-foreign contractual enterprise社团法人legal body of mass organization财团法人legal body of financial group联营joint venture法人型联营association of legal persons合伙型联营coordinated management in partnership协作型联营cooperation-type coordinated management合作社cooperative民事法律行为civil legal act单方民事法律行为unilateral civil legal act双方民事法律行为bilateral civil legal act多方民事法律行为joint act civil legal act有偿民事法律行为civil legal act with consideration无偿民事法律行为civil legal act without consideration; civil legal act without award 实践性民事法律行为practical civil legal act诺成性民事法律行为consental civil legal act要式民事法律行为formal civil legal act不要式民事法律行为informal civil legal act要因民事法律行为causative civil legal act不要因民事法律行为noncausative civil legal act主民事法律行为principal civil legal act从民事法律行为accessory civil legal act附条件民事法律行为conditional civil legal act附期限民事法律行为civil legal act with term生前民事法律行为civil legal act before death死后民事法律行为civil legal act after death准民事法律行为quasi-civil legal act无效行为ineffective act可撤销民事行为revocable civil act违法行为illegal act; unlawful act侵权行为tort欺诈fraud胁迫duress乘人之危taking advantage of others’precarious position以合法形式掩盖非法目的legal form concealing illegal intention 恶意串通malicious collaboration重大误解gross misunderstanding显失公平obvious unjust误传misrepresentation代理agency本人principal被代理人principal受托人trustee代理人agent本代理人original agent法定代理人statutory agent; legal agent委托代理人agent by mandate指定代理人designated agent复代理人subagent再代理人subagent转代理人subagent代理权right of agency授权行为act of authorization授权委托书power of attorney代理行为act of agency委托代理agency by mandate本代理original agency复代理subagency次代理subagency有权代理authorized agency表见代理agency by estoppel; apparent agency 律师代理agency by lawyer普通代理general agency全权代理general agency全权代理委托书general power of attorney共同代理joint agency独家代理sole agency居间brokerage居间人broker行纪commission; broker house信托trust时效time limit; prescription; limitation时效中止suspension of prescription/limitation时效中断interruption of limitation/prescription时效延长extension of limitation取得时效acquisitive prescription时效终止lapse of time; termination of prescription期日date期间term涉外民事关系civil relations with foreign elements冲突规范rule of conflict准据法applicable law; governing law反致renvoi; remission转致transmission识别identification公共秩序保留reserve of public order法律规避evasion of law国籍nationality国有化nationalization法律责任legal liability民事责任civil liability/responsibility行政责任administrative liability/responsibility刑事责任criminal liability/responsibility违约责任liability of breach of contract; responsibility of default 有限责任limited liability无限责任unlimited liability按份责任shared/several liability连带责任joint and several liability过失责任liability for negligence; negligent liability 过错责任fault liability; liability for fault单独过错sole fault共同过错joint fault混合过错mixed fault被害人过错victim’s fault第三人过错third party’s fault推定过错presumptive fault恶意bad faith; malice故意deliberate intention; intention; willfulness过失negligence重大过失gross negligence疏忽大意的过失careless and inadvertent negligence 过于自信的过失negligence with undue assumption 损害事实facts of damage有形损失tangible damage/loss无形损失intangible damage/loss财产损失property damage/loss人身损失personal damage/loss精神损失spiritual damage/loss民事责任承担方式methods of bearing civil liability停止侵害cease the infringing act排除妨碍exclusion of hindrance; removal of obstacle消除危险elimination of danger返还财产restitution of property恢复原状restitution; restitution of original state赔偿损失compensate for a loss; indemnify for a loss支付违约金payment of liquidated damage消除影响eliminate ill effects恢复名誉rehabilitate one’s reputation赔礼道歉extend a formal apology物权jus ad rem; right in rem; real right物权制度real right system; right in rem system一物一权原则the principal of One thing, One Right物权法定主义principal of legality of right in rem物权公示原则principal of public summons of right in rem 物权法jus rerem物property生产资料raw material for production生活资料means of livelihood; means of subsistence流通物res in commercium; a thing in commerce限制流通物limited merchantable thing禁止流通物res extra commercium; a thing out of commerce 资产asset固定资产fixed asset流动资产current asset; floating asset动产movables; chattel不动产immovable; real estate特定物res certae; a certain thing种类物genus; indefinite thing可分物res divisibiles; divisible things不可分物res indivisibiles; indivisible things主物res capitalis; a principal thing从物res accessoria; an accessory thing原物original thing孳息fruits天然孳息natural fruits法定孳息legal fruits无主物bona vacatia; vacant goods; ownerless goods遗失物lost property漂流物drifting object埋藏物fortuna; hidden property货币currency证券securities债券bond物权分类classification of right in rem/real right自物权jus in re propria; right of full ownership所有权dominium; ownership; title所有权凭证document of title; title of ownership占有权dominium utile; equitable ownership使用权right of use; right to use of收益权right to earnings; right to yields处分权right of disposing; jus dispodendi善意占有possession in good faith恶意占有malicious possession按份共有several possession共同共有joint possession他物权jus in re aliena用益物权real right for usufruct使用权right to use; right of use土地使用权right to the use of land林权forest ownership采矿权mining ownership经营权managerial authority; power of management 承包经营权right to contracted management。
法律英语词汇：17个法律术语
法律英语词汇：17个法律术语1.contract，现在多译为“合同”，我以为不分场合、不分情况一律译为“合同”是不妥的。
因为我们中国人看见“合同”一词就想到一个书面的、写成一条一条的文件，可是contract一词的含义范围却要广泛得多。
contract不限于书面的文件，口头上也可订contract，打电话也可以订contract，甚至于不说话也能订contract，例如在报摊上付钱买份晚报或买票搭乘公共汽车。
contract就是有法律约束力的协议，只有较重要的contract才采取书面形式。
所以一般的、泛指的contract 应当译“契约”，例如law of contract应当译“契约法”，较重要的、书面的contract才译“合同”，例如contract for the international sale of goods可以译“国际售货合同”。
2.intellectual property，不知道当初为何译成“知识产权”，以后竟然以讹传讹广泛沿用至今，而且订入法律，实在可叹！这个词组不论按字面上译、按含义译都不能译“知识产权”。
intellectual一词根本没有“知识”的意思，它与“知识”是两个不同的概念。
作为名词intellectual指“知识分子”，但是在intellectual property词组中intellectual显然是形容词而不是名词，何况“知识分子”与“知识”并不能划等号，即使退一万步对号入座地硬译，也只能译“知识分子产权”而不能译“知识产权”。
当然，译“知识分子产权”也是错的。
从含义上看，何谓intellectual property？它是指对于智力劳动所创造的智力产品或智力成果的权利，主要包括版权、专利权、商标权等，所以应该译为“智力产权”。
我们的前辈严复曾说，“一名之立，旬月踟蹰”，我们今天对待译名何等需要那样的认真精神啊！译名宜慎重，不要随便译，使用现有的译名也该慎重，尤其不要随便跟着别人使用、传播错误的译名，应该抵制错误的译名！3.joint venture.这个术语译时要当心。
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法律英文术语法律英语专业词汇汇总来源：谭玉的日志一、律师部分案件受理费court acceptance fee案情重大、复杂important and complicated case案由cause of action案子case包揽诉讼monopolize lawsuits被告defendant(用于民事、行政案件); the accused (用于刑事案件)被上诉人appellee被诉人respondent; defendant本案律师councel pro hac vice本地律师local counsel毕业证diploma; graduation certificate辩护词defense; pleadings辩护律师defense lawyer辩护要点point of defense辩护意见submission财产租赁property tenancy裁定书order; ruling; determination（指终审裁定）裁决书award（用于仲裁）裁决书verdict（用于陪审团）采信的证据admitted evidence; established evidence草拟股权转让协议drafting agreement of assignment of equity interests查阅法条source legal provisions产权转让conveyancing出差go on errand; go on a business trip出国深造further study abroad出具律师意见书providing legal opinion出示的证据exhibit出庭appear in court传票summons; subpoena答辩状answer; reply代理词representation代理房地产买卖与转让agency for sale and transfer of real estate代理公证、商标、专利、版权、房地产、工商登记agency for notarization, trademark, patent, copyright, and registration of real estate and incorporations代理仲裁agency for arbitration代写文书drafting of legal instruments待决案件pending case当事人陈述statement of the parties第三人third party吊销执业证revocation of lawyer license调查笔录investigative record调查取证investigation and gathering for evidence调解mediation调解书mediation二审案件case of trial of second instance发送电子邮件send e-mail法律顾问legal consultants法律意见书legal opinions法律援助legal aid法律咨询legal counseling法庭division; tribunal法学博士学位LL.D (Doctor of Laws)法学会law society法学课程legal courses法学硕士学位LL.M (Master of Laws)法学系faculty of law; department of law法学学士学位LL.B (Bachelor of Laws)J.D ( juris doctor缩写，美国法学学士)法学院law school法院公告court announcement反诉状counterclaim房地产律师real estate lawyer; real property lawyer非合伙律师associate lawyer非诉讼业务non-litigation practice高级合伙人senior partner高级律师senior lawyer各类协议和合同agreements and contracts公安局Public Security Bureau公司上市company listing公诉案件public-prosecuting case公证书notarial certificate国办律师事务所state-run law office国际贸易international trade国际诉讼international litigation国内诉讼domestic litigation合伙律师partner lawyer合伙制律师事务所law office in partner-ship; cooperating law ofice合同审查、草拟、修改contract review, drafting and revision 会见当事人interview a client会见犯罪嫌疑人interview a criminal suspect兼职律师part-time lawyer监狱prison; jail鉴定结论expert conclusion缴纳会费membership dues举证责任burden of proof; onus probandi决定书decision勘验笔录record of request看守所detention house抗诉书protest控告人accuser; complainant跨国诉讼transnational litigation劳动争议labor disputes劳动争议仲裁委员会arbitration committee for labor disputes 劳改场reform-through-labor farm; prison farm利害关系人interested party; party in interest律管处处长director of lawyer control department律师lawyer attorney; attorney at law律师惩戒lawyer discipline律师法Lawyer Law律师费lawyer fee律师函lawyer's letter律师见证lawyer attestation/authentication律师见证书lawyer certification/authentication/witness律师卷宗lawyer's docile; file律师刊物lawyer's journal律师联系电话contact phone number of a lawyer律师事务所law office; law firm律师收费billing by lawyer律师网站lawyer website律师协会National Bar (Lawyer) Association律师协会会员member of Lawyer Association律师协会秘书长secretary general of Bar (Lawyer) Association 律师协会章程Articles of Lawyer Assocition律师业务室lawyer's office律师执业证lawyer license律师助理assistant lawyer律师资格考试bar exam; lawyer qualification exam律师资格证lawyer qualification certificate民事案件civil case民事调解civil mediation民事诉讼civil litigation派出所local police station; police substation判决judgement(用于民事、行政案件);determination(用于终审);sentence(用于刑事案);verdict(由陪审团作出)旁证circumstantial evidence企业章程articles of association; articles of incorporation; bylaw 企业重组corporate restructure起诉状information; indictment取消律师资格disbar全国律师代表大会National Lawyer Congress缺席宣判pronounce judgement or determination by default人民法院People's Court人民检察院People's Procuratorate认定事实determine facts上诉案件case of trial of second instance; appellate case上诉人appellant上诉状petition for appeal涉外律师lawyers specially handling foreign-related matters申请复议administrative reconsideration petition申请加入律师协会application for admission to Law Association 申请人petitioner; claimant申诉案件appeal case申诉人（仲裁）claimant; plaintiff申诉书appeal for revision, petition for revision实习律师apprentice lawyer; lawyer in probation period实习律师证certificate of apprentice lawyer视听证据audio-visual reference material适用法律apply law to facts受害人victim书证documentary evidence司法部Ministry of Justice司法建议书judicial advise司法局Judicial Bureau司法局副局长deputy director of Judicial Bureau司法局局长director of Judicial Bureau司法统一考试uniform judicial exam送达service of process诉讼litigation; action; lawsuit诉讼当事人litigation party; litigious party诉讼业务litigation practice诉状complaint; bill of complaint; statement of claim推销法律服务promote/market legal service外国律师事务所foreign law office委托代理合同authorized representation contract委托代理人agent ad litem; entrusted agent委托授权书power of attorney物证material evidence嫌疑人criminal suspect项目融资project financing项目谈判project negotiating刑事案件criminal case刑事诉讼criminal litigation行政诉讼administrative litigation休庭adjourn the court; recess宣判pronounce judgement; determination宣誓书affidavit业务进修attendance in advanced studies一审案件case of trial of first instance与国外律师事务所交流communicate with foreign law firms 原告plaintiff证券律师securities lawyer证人证言testimony of witness; affidavit执行笔录execution record执业登记registration for practice执业范围scope of practice; sphere of practice; practice area 执业申请practice application执业证年检annual inspection of lawyer license仲裁arbitration仲裁案件arbitration case仲裁机构arbitration agency专门律师specialized lawyer专职律师professional lawyer; full-time lawyer撰写法律文章write legal thesis资信调查credit standing investigation自诉案件private prosecuting case二、诉讼法律案件case案件发回remand/rimit a case (to a low court)案件名称title of a case案卷材料materials in the case案情陈述书statement of case案外人person other than involved in the case案值total value involved in the case败诉方losing party办案人员personnel handling a case保全措施申请书application for protective measures报案report a case (to security authorities)被告defendant; the accused被告人最后陈述final statement of the accused被告向原告第二次答辩rejoinder被害人victim被害人的诉讼代理人victim's agent ad litem被上诉人respondent; the appellee被申请人respondent被申请执行人party against whom execution is filed被执行人person subject to enforcement本诉principal action必要共同诉讼人party in necessary co-litigation变通管辖jurisdiction by accord辩护defense辩护律师defense attorney/lawyer辩护人defender辩护证据exculpatory evidence; defense evidence辩论阶段stage of court debate驳回反诉dismiss a counterclaim; reject a counterclaim驳回请求deny/dismiss a motion驳回上诉、维持原判reject/dismiss the appeal and sustain the original judgement/ruling驳回诉讼dismiss an action/suit驳回通知书notice of dismissal驳回自诉dismiss/reject a private prosecution驳回自诉裁定书ruling of dismissing private-prosecuting case补充答辩supplementary answer补充判决supplementary judgement补充侦查supplementary investigation不公开审理trial in camera不立案决定书written decision of no case-filing不批准逮捕决定书written decision of disapproving an arrest不起诉nol pros不予受理起诉通知书notice of dismissal of accusation by the court财产保全申请书application for attachment; application for property preservation 裁定order; determination (指最终裁定)裁定管辖jurisdiction by order裁定书order; ruling裁决书award采信的证据admitted evidence查封seal up撤回上诉withdraw appeal撤诉withdraw a lawsuit撤销立案revoke a case placed on file撤销原判，发回重审rescind the original judgement and remand the case ro the original court for retrial出示的证据exhibit除权判决invalidating judgement (for negotiable instruments)传唤summon; call传闻证据hearsay答辩answer; reply答辩陈述书statement of defence答辩状answer; reply大法官associate justices; justice大检察官deputy chief procurator代理控告agency for accusation代理申诉agency for appeal代理审判员acting judge代为申请取保候审agency for application of the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving弹劾式诉讼accusatory procedure当事人陈述statement of the parties当庭宣判pronouncement of judgement or sentence in court地区管辖territorial jurisdiction地区检察分院inter-mediate People's Procuratorate第三人third party调查笔录record of investigation定期宣判pronouncement of judgement or sentence later on a fixed date定罪证据incriminating evidence; inculpatory evidence冻结freeze督促程序procedure of supervision and urge独任庭sole-judge bench独任仲裁员sole arbitrator对妨碍民事诉讼的强制措施compulsory measures against impairment of civil action对席判决judgement inter parties二审trial of second instance二审案件case of trial of second insurance罚款impose a fine法定证据statutory legal evidence法定证据制度system of legal evidence法官judges法警bailiff; court police法律文书legal instruments/papers法律援助legal aid法律咨询legal consulting法庭辩论court debate法庭调查court investigation法庭审理笔录court record法庭审理方式mode of court trial法庭庭长chief judge of a tribunal法院court法院公告court announcement反诉counterclaim反诉答辩状answer with counterclaim反诉状counterclaim犯罪嫌疑人criminal suspect附带民事诉讼案件 a collateral civil action附带民事诉讼被告defendant of collateral civil action复查reexamination; recheck复验reinspect高级法官senior judge高级检察官senior procurator高级人民法院Higher People's Court告诉案件case of complaint告诉才处理的案件case accepted at complaint告诉申诉庭complaint and petition division工读学校work-study school for delinquent children公安部Ministry of Public Security公安分局public security sub-bureau公安厅public security bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government公开审理trial in public公开审判制度open trial system公示催告程序procedure of public summons for exhortation公诉案件public-prosecuting case公诉词statement of public prosecution公证机关public notary office共同管辖concurrent jurisdiction管辖jurisdiction国际司法协助international judicial assistance海事法院maritime court合议庭collegial panel合议庭评议笔录record of deliberating by the collegiate bench和解composition; compromise核对诉讼当事人身份check identity of litigious parties恢复执行resumption of execution回避withdrawal混合式诉讼mixed action基层人民法院basic People's Court羁押期限term in custody级别管辖subject matter jurisdiction of courts at different levels监视居住living at home under surveillance监狱prison检察官procurator检察权prosecutorial power检察委员会procuratorial/prosecutorial committee检察院procuratorate检察院派出机构outpost tribunal of procuratorate简易程序summary procedure鉴定结论expert conclusion经济审判庭economic tribunal径行判决direct adjudication without sessions; judgement without notice 纠问式诉讼inquisitional proceedings拘传summon by force; summon by warrant拘留所detention house举报information/report of an offence举证责任burden of proof; onus probandi决定书decision军事法院military procuratorate开庭审理open a court session开庭通知notice of court session勘验笔录record of inquest看守所detention house可执行财产executable property控告式诉讼accusatory proceedings控诉证据incriminating evidence控诉职能accusation function扣押distrain on; attachment扣押物distress/distraint宽限期period of grace劳动争议仲裁申请书petition for labor dispute arbitration劳改场reform-through-labor farm劳教所reeducation-through-labor office类推判决的核准程序procedure for examination and approval of analogical sentence累积证据cumulative evidence立案报告place a case on file立案管辖functional jurisdiction立案决定书written decision of case-filing立案侦查report of placing a case on file利害关系人interested party临时裁决书interim award律师见证书lawyer's written attestation; lawyer's written authentication 律师事务所law office; law firm律师提前介入prior intervention by lawyer免于刑事处分exemption from criminal penalty民事案件civil case民事审判庭civil tribunal民事诉讼civil action民事诉讼法Civil Procedural Law扭送seize and deliver a suspect to the police派出法庭detached tribunal派出所police station判决judgement; determination判决书judgement; determination; verdict (指陪审团作出的)旁证circumstantial evidence陪审员juror批准逮捕approval of arrest破案clear up a criminal case; solve a criminal case破产bankruptcy; insolvency普通程序general/ordinary procedure普通管辖general jurisdiction企业法人破产还债程序procedure of bankruptcy and liquidation of a business corporation起诉filing of a lawsuit起诉sue; litigate; prosecute; institution of proceedings起诉状indictment; information区县检察院grassroots People's Procuratorate取保候审the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving缺席判决default judgement人民调解委员会People's Mediation Committee认定财产无主案件cases concerning determination of property as qwnerless认定公民无民事行为能力、限制民事行为能力案件cases concerning determinationof a citizen as incompetent or with limited disposing capacity上诉appeal上诉人appellant上诉状petition for appeal少管所juvenile prison社会治安综合治理comprehensive treatment of social security涉外案件cases involving foreign interests涉外民事诉讼foreign civil proceedings涉外刑事诉讼foreign criminal proceedings申请人applicant; petitioner申请书petition; application for arbitration申请执行人execution applicant申诉人宣誓书claimant's affidavit of authenticity申诉书appeal for revision; petition for revision神示证据制度system of divinity evidence神示制度ordeal system审查案件case review审查并决定逮捕examine and decide arrest审查起诉阶段stage of review and prosecution审理通知书notice of hearing审判长presiding judge审判长宣布开庭presiding judge announce court in session审判管辖adjudgement/trial jurisdiction审判监督程序procedure for trial supervision审判委员会judicial committee审判员judge审问式诉讼inquisitional proceedings生效判决裁定legally effective judgement/order 胜诉方winning party省市自治区检察院higher People's Procuratorate失踪和死亡宣告declaration of disappearance and death实（质）体证据substantial evidence实物证据tangible evidence实在证据real evidence示意证据demonstrative evidence视听证据audio-visual evidence收容所collecting post; safe retreat首席大法官chief justice首席检察官chief procurator受害人的近亲属victim's immediate family受理acceptance受理刑事案件审批表registration form of acceptance of criminal case受送达人the addressee书记员court clerk书记员宣读法庭纪律court clerk reads court rules书证documentary evidence司法部Ministry of Justice司法机关judicial organizatons司法警察judicial police司法局judicial bureau司法厅judicial bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions, and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government司法协助judicial assistance死缓的复核judicial review of death sentence with a retrieve死刑复核程序procedure for judicial review of death sentence死刑复核权competence for judicial review of death sentence送达service of process送达传票service of summons/subpoena送达诉状service of bill of complaint搜查search诉sue; suit; action; lawsuit诉前财产保全property attachment prior to lawsuit诉讼litigation; lawsuit; sue; action诉讼保全attachment诉讼参加人litigious participants诉讼代理人agent ad litem诉状complaint; bill of complaint; state of claim特别程序special procedures提起公诉institute a public prosecution铁路法院railway court铁路检察院railroad transport procuratorate庭审程序procedure of court trial通缉wanted for arrest投案appearance退回补充侦查return of a case for supplementary investigation委托辩护entrusted defense未成年人法庭juvenile court无行政职务的法官associate judge无正当理由拒不到庭refuse to appear in court without due cause无罪判决acquittal, finding of " not guilty "物证material evidence先予执行申请书application for advanced execution先予执行advanced execution刑事案件criminal case刑事拘留criminal detention刑事强制拘留criminal coercive/compulsory measures刑事审判庭criminal tribunal刑事诉讼criminal proceedings刑事诉讼法Criminal Procedural Law刑事自诉状self-incriminating criminal complaint行政案件administrative case行政审判庭administrative tribunal行政诉讼administrative proceedings行政诉讼法Administrative Procedural Law宣告失踪、宣告死亡案件cases concerning the declaration of disappearance and death宣判笔录record of rendition of judgement选民资格案件cases concerning qualifications of voters询问证人inquire/question a witness训诫reprimand讯问笔录record of interrogation询问犯罪嫌疑人interrogate criminal suspect言词证据verbal evidence要求传唤证人申请书application for subpoena一裁终局arbitration award shall be final and binding一审trial of first instance一审案件case of trial of first instance应诉通知书notice of respondence to action有罪判决sentence; finding of "guilty"予审preliminary examinantion; pretrial原告plaintiff院长court president阅卷笔录record of file review (by lawyers)再审案件case of retrial再审申请书petition for retrial责令具结悔过order to sign a statement of repentance债权人会议creditors' meeting侦查阶段investigation stage侦查终结conclusion of investigation征询原、被告最后意见consulting final opinion of the plaintiff and defendant证据evidence证据保全preserve evidence证据保全申请书application for evidence preservation证人证言testimony of witness; affidavit支付令payment order/warrant知识产权庭intellectual property tribunal执行程序procedure execution执行逮捕execution of arrest执行和解conciliation of execution执行回转recovery of execution执行庭executive tribunal执行异议objection to execution执行员executor执行中止discontinuance of execution执行终结conclusion of execution指定辩护appointed defense指定仲裁员声明statement of appointing arbitrator中级人民法院intermediate People's Court中途退庭retreat during court session without permission仲裁arbitration仲裁被诉人respondent; defendant仲裁裁决award仲裁申请书arbitration仲裁申诉人claimant; plaintiff仲裁庭arbitration tribunal仲裁委员会arbitration committee仲裁协议arbitration agreement; clauses of arbitration仲裁员arbitrator主诉检察官principal procurator助理检察官assistant procurator助理审判员assistant judge专门法院special court专门管辖specific jurisdiction专属管辖exclusive jurisdiction追究刑事责任investigate for criminal responsibility自首confession to justice自诉案件private-prosecuting case自行辩护self-defense自由心证制度doctrine of discretional evaluation of evidence 自侦案件self-investigating case最高人民法院the Supreme People's Court最高人民检察院the Supreme People's Procuratorate 最后裁决书final award三、民事法律法律渊源source of law制定法statute判例法case law; precedent普通法common law特别法special law固有法native law; indigenous law继受法adopted law实体法substantial law程序法procedural law原则法fundamental law例外法exception law司法解释judicial interpretation习惯法customary law公序良俗public order and moral自然法natural law罗马法Roman Law私法private law公法public law市民法jus civile万民法jus gentium民法法系civil law system英美法系system of Anglo-American law大陆法系civil law system普通法common law大陆法continental law罗马法系Roman law system英吉利法English law衡平法equity; law of equity日尔曼法Germantic law教会法ecclesiastical law寺院法canon law伊斯兰法Islamic law民法法律规范norm of civil law授权规范authorization norm禁止规范forbidding norm义务性规范obligatory norm命令性规范commanding norm民法基本原则fundamental principles of civil law 平等原则principle of equality自愿原则principle of free will公平原则principle of justice等价有偿原则principle of equal value exchange 诚实信用原则principle of good faith行为act作为act不作为omission合法行为lawful act违法行为unlawful act民事权利权利能力civil right绝对权absolute right相对权relative right优先权right of priority先买权preemption原权antecedent right救济权right of relief支配权right of dominion请求权right of claim物上请求权right of claim for real thing形成权right of formation撤销权right of claiming cancellation否认权right of claiming cancellation解除权right of renouncement代位权subrogated right选择权right of choice承认权right of admission终止权right of termination抗辩权right of defense一时性抗辩权momentary right of defense永久性抗辩权permanent counter-argument right不安抗辩权unstable counter-argument right同时履行抗辩权defense right of simultaneous performance 既得权tested right期待权expectant right专属权exclusive right非专属权non-exclusive right人身权利personal right人权human right人格权right of personality生命健康权right of life and health姓名权right of name名称权right of name肖像权right of portraiture自由权right of freedom名誉权right reputation隐私权right of privacy私生活秘密权right of privacy贞操权virginity right身份权right of status亲权parental power; parental right亲属权right of relative探视权visitation right配偶权right of spouse荣誉权right of honor权利的保护protection of right公力救济public protection私力救济self-protection权利本位standard of right社会本位standard of society无责任行为irresponsible right正当防卫justifiable right; ligitimate defence防卫行为act of defence自为行为self-conducting act紧急避险act of rescue; necessity自助行为act of self-help不可抗力force majeure意外事件accident行为能力capacity for act意思能力capacity of will民事行为civil act意思表示declaration of intention意思表示一致meeting of minds; consensus完全行为能力perfect capacity for act限制行为能力restrictive capacity for act准禁治产人quasi-interdicted person保佐protection自治产人minor who is capable of administering his own capacity 无行为能力incapacity for act禁治产人interdicted person自然人natural person公民citizen住所domicile居所residence经常居住地frequently dwelling place户籍census register监护guardianship个体工商户individual business农村承包经营户leaseholding rural household合伙partnership合伙人partner合伙协议partnership agreement合伙财产property of partnership合伙债务debt of partnership入伙join partnership退伙withdrawal from partnership合伙企业partnership business establishment个人合伙partnership法人合伙partnership of legal person特别合伙special partnership普通合伙general partnership有限合伙limited partnership民事合伙civil partnership隐名合伙sleeping partnership; dormant partnership私营企业private enterprise; proprietorship法人legal person企业法人legal body of enterprise企业集团group of enterprise关联企业affiliate enterprise个人独资企业individual business establishment国有独资企业solely state-owned enterprise中外合资企业Sino-foreign joint venture enterprise中外合作企业Sino-foreign contractual enterprise社团法人legal body of mass organization财团法人legal body of financial group联营joint venture法人型联营association of legal persons合伙型联营coordinated management in partnership协作型联营cooperation-type coordinated management合作社cooperative民事法律行为civil legal act单方民事法律行为unilateral civil legal act双方民事法律行为bilateral civil legal act多方民事法律行为joint act civil legal act有偿民事法律行为civil legal act with consideration无偿民事法律行为civil legal act without consideration; civil legal act without award 实践性民事法律行为practical civil legal act诺成性民事法律行为consental civil legal act要式民事法律行为formal civil legal act不要式民事法律行为informal civil legal act要因民事法律行为causative civil legal act不要因民事法律行为noncausative civil legal act主民事法律行为principal civil legal act从民事法律行为accessory civil legal act附条件民事法律行为conditional civil legal act附期限民事法律行为civil legal act with term生前民事法律行为civil legal actbefore death死后民事法律行为civil legal act after death准民事法律行为quasi-civil legal act无效行为ineffective act可撤销民事行为revocable civil act违法行为illegal act; unlawful act侵权行为tort欺诈fraud胁迫duress乘人之危taking advantage of others' precarious position 以合法形式掩盖非法目的legal form concealing illegal intention 恶意串通malicious collaboration重大误解gross misunderstanding显失公平obvious unjust误传misrepresentation代理agency本人principal被代理人principal受托人trustee代理人agent本代理人original agent法定代理人statutory agent; legal agent委托代理人agent by mandate指定代理人designated agent复代理人subagent再代理人subagent转代理人subagent代理权right of agency授权行为act of authorization授权委托书power of attorney代理行为act of agency委托代理agency by mandate本代理original agency复代理subagency次代理subagency有权代理authorized agency表见代理agency by estoppel; apparent agency律师代理agency by lawyer普通代理general agency全权代理general agency全权代理委托书general power of attorney共同代理joint agency独家代理sole agency居间brokerage居间人broker行纪commission; broker house信托trust时效time limit; prescription; limitation时效中止suspension of prescription/limitation时效中断interruption of limitation/prescription时效延长extension of limitation取得时效acquisitive prescription时效终止lapse of time; termination of prescription期日date期间term涉外民事关系civil relations with foreign elements冲突规范rule of conflict准据法applicable law; governing law反致renvoi; remission转致transmission识别identification公共秩序保留reserve of public order法律规避evasion of law国籍nationality国有化nationalization法律责任legal liability民事责任civil liability/responsibility行政责任administrative liability/responsibility刑事责任criminal liability/responsibility违约责任liability of breach of contract; responsibility of default 有限责任limited liability无限责任unlimited liability按份责任shared/several liability连带责任joint and several liability过失责任liability for negligence; negligent liability过错责任fault liability; liability for fault单独过错sole fault共同过错joint fault混合过错mixed fault被害人过错victim's fault第三人过错third party's fault推定过错presumptive fault恶意bad faith; malice故意deliberate intention; intention; willfulness过失negligence重大过失gross negligence疏忽大意的过失careless and inadvertent negligence过于自信的过失negligence with undue assumption损害事实facts of damage有形损失tangible damage/loss无形损失intangible damage/loss财产损失property damage/loss人身损失personal damage/loss精神损失spiritual damage/loss民事责任承担方式methods of bearing civil liability停止侵害cease the infringing act排除妨碍exclusion of hindrance; removal of obstacle消除危险elimination of danger返还财产restitution of property恢复原状restitution; restitution of original state赔偿损失compensate for a loss; indemnify for a loss支付违约金payment of liquidated damage消除影响eliminate ill effects恢复名誉rehabilitate one's reputation赔礼道歉extend a formal apology物权jus ad rem; right in rem; real right物权制度real right system; right in rem system一物一权原则the principal of One thing, One Right物权法定主义principal of legality of right in rem物权公示原则principal of public summons of right in rem 物权法jus rerem物property生产资料raw material for production生活资料means of livelihood; means of subsistence流通物res in commercium; a thing in commerce限制流通物limited merchantable thing禁止流通物res extra commercium; a thing out of commerce 资产asset固定资产fixed asset流动资产current asset; floating asset动产movables; chattel不动产immovable; real estate特定物res certae; a certain thing种类物genus; indefinite thing可分物res divisibiles; divisible things不可分物res indivisibiles; indivisible things主物res capitalis; a principal thing从物res accessoria; an accessory thing原物original thing孳息fruits天然孳息natural fruits法定孳息legal fruits无主物bona vacatia; vacant goods; ownerless goods 遗失物lost property漂流物drifting object埋藏物fortuna; hidden property货币currency证券securities债券bond物权分类classification of right in rem/real right自物权jus in re propria; right of full ownership所有权dominium; ownership; title所有权凭证document of title; title of ownership占有权dominium utile; equitable ownership使用权right of use; right to use of收益权right to earnings; right to yields处分权right of disposing; jus dispodendi善意占有possession in good faith恶意占有malicious possession按份共有several possession共同共有joint possession他物权jus in re aliena用益物权real right for usufruct使用权right to use; right of use土地使用权right to the use of land林权forest ownership采矿权mining ownership经营权managerial authority; power of management 承包经营权right to contracted management相邻权neighboring right; relatedright地上权superficies。