2010年南京大学英语专业(英美文学)真题试卷.doc

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2010年南京大学英语专业(英美文学)真题试卷

2010年南京大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷(总分：86.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、填空题(总题数：35，分数：70.00)1.Keats" major achievement, and one of the major achievements in English literature, is the sequence of 1that he wrote in his time.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________2.Thomas Gray was the leader of the sentimental poetry, known as " 1".（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________3.Theodore Dreiser"s first novel is 1.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________4.Eugene O"Neill"s 1is a play that concerns the problem of Yank"s identity.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________5. 1of the 1920s characterized by frivolity and carelessness is brought vividly to life in The Great Gatsby(1925).（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________6.The term " 1" is commonly used to name the work of the 17th-century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________7. 1defines the poet as " man speaking to men," and poetry as " the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings which originates in emotion recollected in tranquility. "（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________8.The most clearly defined Romantic literary movement in the U. S. is New England 1.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________9.Walt Whitman is radically innovative in term of the form of his poetry. What he prefers for his new subject and new poetic feelings is " 1".（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________10.In English literature, 1"s novels blend industrial and rural settings magnificently. He had written about the frustration of desires and there is obvious sexual application in his work.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________11.Author 1Title 2 Virtues are, in the popular estimate, rather the exception than the rule. There is the man and his virtues. Men do what is called a good action, as some piece of courage or charity, much as they would pay a fine in expiation of daily non-appearance on parade.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________12.Author 1Title It was a circumstance to be noted, on the summer morning when our story begins its course, that the women, of whom there were several in the crowd, appeared to take a peculiar interest in whatever penal inflictionmight be expected to ensue. The age had not so much refinement, that any sense of impropriety restrained the wearers of petticoat and farthingale from stepping forth into the public ways, and wedging their not unsubstantial persons, if occasion were, into the throng nearest to the scaffold at an execution.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________13.Author 1Title 2 It is not probable that this monomania in him took its instant rise at the precise time of his bodily dismemberment. Then, in darting at the monster, knife in hand, he had but given loose to a sudden passionate, corporal animosity; and when he receive the stroke that tore him, he probably but felt the agonizing bodily laceration, but nothing more.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________14.Author 1Title 2 What the hammer? What the chain? In what furnace was thy brain?What the anvil? What dread grasp Dare its deadly terrors clasp?（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________15.Author 1Title 2 And on that cheek, and o"er that brow, So soft, so calm, yet eloquent,The smiles that win, the tints that glow, But tell of days in goodness spent, A mind at peace with all below, A heart whose love is innocent!（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________16.Author 1Title 2 If only she hadn"t been that robust woman but a woman, in her middle years, with an incurable complaint of the heart. Then of course it wouldn"t have been terrible or even difficult to have made that decision that night, it wouldn"t even have been the source for ever afterwards of confusion, mystery and remorse.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________17.Author 1Title 2 My little horse must think it queer To stop without a farmhouse near, Between the woods and frozen lake The darkest evening of the year.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________18.Author 1Title 2 In the day time the street was dusty, but at night the dew settled the dust and the old man liked to sit late because he was deaf and now at night it was quiet and he felt the difference. The two waiters inside the cafe knew that the old man was a little drunk, and while he was a good client they knew that if he became too drunk he would leave without paying, so they kept watch on him.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________19.Author 1Title 2 But oh! that deep romantic chasm which slanted Down the green hill athwart a cedarn cover! A savage place! as holy and enchanted As e"er beneath a waning moon was haunted By woman wailing for her demon-lover!（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________20.Author 1Title 2 Mr. Bennet was so odd a mixture of quick parts, sarcastic humour, reserve, and caprice, that the experience of three and twenty years had been insufficient to make his wife understand his character. Her mind was less difficult to develop. She was a woman of mean understanding, little information, and uncertain temper.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________21.Author 1Title 2 " Every one asks me what I " think" of everything" said Spencer Brydon; " and I make answer as I can—begging or dodging the question, putting them off with any nonsense. It wouldn"t matter to any of them really, " he went on, " for, even were it possible to meet in that stand-and-deliver way so silly a demand on so big a subject, my " thoughts" would still be almost altogether about something that concerns only myself. "（分数：2.00）22.Author 1Title 2 My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still, My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will, The ship is anchor"d safe and sound, its voyage closed and done, From fearful trip the victor ship comes in with object won;（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________23.Author 1Title 2 In fairness to Charles it must be said that he sent to find Sam before he left the White Lion. But the servant was not in the taproom or the stables. Charles guessed indeed where he was. He could not send there; and thus he left Lyme without seeing him again. He got into his four-wheeler in the yard, and promptly drew down the blinds. （分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________24.Author 1Title 2 I found Simon Wheeler dozing comfortably by the bar-room stove of the old, dilapidated tavern in the ancient mining camp of Angel"s, and I noticed that he was fat and bald-headed, and had an expression of winning gentleness and simplicity upon his tranquil countenance. He roused up and gave me good-day.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________25.Author 1Title 2 Yossarian let his eyes fall closed and hoped they would think he was unconscious. "He"s fainted," he heard a doctor say. "Can"t we treat him now before it"s too late? He really might die. " "All right, take him. I hope the bastard does die. "（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________26.Author 1Title 2 I can give you that historical bird"s eye view. But I cannot explain the mystery of Leonard Side"s inheritance. Most of us know the parents or grandparents we come from. But we go back and back, forever; we go back all of us to the very beginning; in our blood and bone and brain we carry the memories of thousands of beings.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________27.Author 1Title 2 The store in which the Justice of the Peace"s court was sitting smelled of cheese. The boy, crouched on his nail keg at the back of the crowded room, knew he smelled cheese, and more: from where he sat could see the ranked shelves close-packed with the solid, squat, dynamic shapes of tin cans whose labels his stomach read, not from the lettering which meant nothing to his mind...（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________28.Author 1Title 2 My mother danced all night and Roberta"s was sick. That"s why we were taken to St. Bonny"s. People want to put their arms around you when you tell them you were in a shelter, but it really wasn"t bad. No big long room with one hundred beds like Bellevue.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________29.Author 1Title 2 He had rolled a handkerchief round his head, and his face was set and lowering in his sleep. But he was asleep, and quietly too, though he had a pistol lying on the pillow. Assured of this, I softly removed the key to the outside of this door, and turned it on him before I again sat down by the fire. Gradually I slipped from the chair and lay on the floor . When I awoke, without having parted in my sleep with the perception of my wretchedness, the clocks of the Eastward churches were striking five, the candles were wasted out, the fire was dead, and the wind and rain intensified the thick black darkness.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________30.Author 1Title 2 He felt that his luck was better than usual today. When he had reported for work that morning he had expected to be shut up in the relief office at a clerk"s job, for he had been hired downtown as a clerk, and he was glad to have, instead, the freedom of the streets and welcomed, at least at first, the vigor of the cold and even the blowing of the hard wind. But on the other hand he was not getting on with the distribution of the checks.（分数：2.00）31.Author 1Title 2 Three men were at work on the roof, where the leads got so hot they had the idea of throwing water on to cool them. But the water steamed, then sizzled; and they make jokes about getting an egg from some woman in the flats under the flats under them, to poach it for their dinner.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________32.Author 1Title 2 The three women sat in the little room, imagined not remembered. Veronica detected in her mother"s cream-coloured dress just a touch of awkwardness, her grandmother"s ineptness at a trade for which she was not wholly suited, a shoulder out of true, a cuff awry, as so many buttons and cuffs and waistbands had been during the making-do in the time of austerity.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________33.Author 1Title 2 Unmarried men are best friends, best masters, best servants, but not always best subjects, for they are light to run away,and almost all fugitives are of that condition.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________34.Author 1Title 2 So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________35.Author 1Title 2 Spite, spite, is the word of your undoing! And when you"re down and out, remember what did it. When you"re rotting somewhere beside the railroad tracks, remember, and don"t you dare blame it on me!（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________二、问答题(总题数：6，分数：12.00)36.Briefly state the main ideas of Benjamin Franklin"s The Autobiography and give your comments on them.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________37.What are the qualities that Granny Weatherall has? In what way do such qualities help her live successfully?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________38.What does "the green light" symbolize in The Great Gatsby? Does it exist in reality? Explain your answer.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________39.What does T. S. Eliot"s idea of "an objective of correlative" mean to you?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________40.What does Virginia Woolf use to present the life of the titled character in her Mrs. Dalloway?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________41.What do you find admirable in Robinson Crusoe? Discuss briefly some of his traits.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________三、评论题(总题数：1，分数：2.00)pare Grief with Tears, Idle Tears, commenting particularly on the treatment of their themes.(30 points)1. GriefBy Elizabeth Barrett BrowningI tell you hopeless grief is passionless;That only men incredulous of despair,Half-taught in anguish, through the midnight airBeat upward to God"s throne in loud accessOf shrieking and reproach. Full desertnessIn souls, as countries, lieth silent-bareUnder the blanching, vertical eye-glareOf the absolute heavens. Deep-hearted man, expressGrief for thy dead in silence like to death:Most like a monumental statue setIn everlasting watchand moveless woeTill itself crumble to the dust beneath.Touch it; the marble eyelids are not wet—If it could weep, it could arise and go.2. Tears, Idle TearsBy Alfred, Lord TennysonTears, idle tears. I know not what they mean,Tears from the depth of some divine despairRise in the heart and gather to the eyes.In looking on the happy Autumn-fields.And thinking of the days that are no more.Fresh as the first beam glittering on a sail.That brings our friends up from the underworld,Sad as the last which reddens over oneThat sinks with all we love below the verge;So sad, so fresh, the days that are no more.Ah, sad and strange as in dark summer dawnsThe earliest pipe of half-awakened birdsTo dying ears, when unto dying eyesThe casement slowly grows a glimmering square;So sad, so strange, the days that are no more.Dear as remembered kisses after death, And sweet as those by hopeless fancy feignedOn lips that are for others; deep as love, Deep as first love, and wild with all regret; O Death in Life, the days that are no more!（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________四、作文(总题数：1，分数：2.00)43.Write a critical essay on the following topic.(30 points)Modernism is a reaction against realism. Discuss the features of modernism and illustrate your point with examples.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________。

南京大学外国语学院《963英语语言学》历年考研真题及详解专业课考试试题

目　录2014年南京大学963英语语言学考研真题（回忆版）2013年南京大学963英语语言学考研真题（回忆版）2012年南京大学963英语语言学考研真题（回忆版）2009年南京大学963英语语言学考研真题及详解2008年南京大学963英语语言学考研真题及详解2007年南京大学463英语语言学考研真题及详解2006年南京大学463英语语言学考研真题及详解2003年南京大学英语语言学考研真题2002年南京大学英语语言学考研真题2001年南京大学英语语言学考研真题2000年南京大学英语语言学考研真题2014年南京大学963英语语言学考研真题（回忆版）第一题，术语区分题。

四组术语，24分。

1.phoneme vs. allophone2.homonymy vs. homophony3.illocutionary act vs. perlocutionary actnguage switch vs. L1 transfer第二题，选择题，考察的都是基础知识，10小题，共30分。

第三题，分析题。

给出几个句子，要求先填写名词前的冠词或复数后缀-s；然后总结出使用冠词或复数后缀-s的一般模式（common pattern）。

第四题，分析题，考察的知识点是歧义（ambiguity）。

给出两句话，要求先回答这两句话有无歧义，并写出每句话的不同理解，再分析这两句话产生歧义的原因是否相同。

1.The children play near the bank.2. The professor said on Monday that he would give an exam.显然，第一句话中的bank涉及lexical ambiguity, 而第二句话中的on Monday既可修饰said，又可修饰would give an exam，属于grammatical/structural ambiguity。

第五题，分析题，考察隐喻。

[考研类试卷]2010年南京大学英语专业(基础英语)真题试卷.doc

[ 考研类试卷 ]2010 年南京大学英语专业(基础英语)真题试卷一、名词解释0 For the definition given in each item in questions 11 to 15, find a matching word in the specified paragraph. The number given after each definition indicates the paragraph in which the word appears.(1x5)1pretension to knowledge not possessed(2)2adjustment(3)3appearing periodically(4)4display of narrow-minded learning(7)5bodies invisible to the naked eye(13)二、阅读理解6THE STUDY OF MANIrving S. Lee1The study of man—even, the scientific study—is ancient and respectable. It goes back to Aristotle, to Hippocrates, and beyond them to obscure beginnings. Today, it is one of the chief studies of the learned. Like our other activities, it may be divided into two parts, the successful part and the unsuccessful part. Speaking very generally and with due regard to numerous and important exceptions, it may be said that the successful part of the scientific study of man is related to medicine, the unsuccessful part to philosophy and to the social sciences. These relations are not only historical, they are also to be seen in methods, attitudes, and traditions.2The successes of medicine and the medical sciences have not been lightly won; from a multitude of failures, they are the survivals and the fortunate productions of tile best or the most-favored men among an endless succession of skillful physicians though pedantry, incompetency, and charlatanry have often hindered and, in evil times, even arrested the accumulations of medical science for long periods, since Hippocrates, at least, the tradition of skillful practice has never been quite lost the tradition that combines theory and practice. This tradition is, especially in three elements,indispensable.3Hippocrates teaches, first, hard, persistent, intelligent, responsible, unremitting labor in the sickroom, not in the library;the all-roundadaptation of the doctor to his task, anadaptation that is far from being merely intellectual. This is adaptation chiefly through the establishment of conditioned reflexes. Something like it seems to be a necessary part of the mastery of any material or of effective work in any medium.4Hippocrates teaches, secondly, accurate observation of things and events; selection, guided by judgment born of familiarity, of the salient and the recurrent phenomena; and their classification and methodical exploitation.5Hippocrates teaches, thirdly, the judicious construction of a theor—y not a philosophical theory, nor a grand effort of the imagination, nor a quas—i religious dogma, but a modest pedestrian affair, or perhaps I had better say, a useful walking stick to help on the way.6All this may be summed up thus: The physician must have, first, intimate habitual intuitive familiarity with things; secondly, a systematic knowledge of things; and thirdly, an effective way of thinking about things.7Experience shows that this is the way to success. It has long been followed in studying sickness, but hardly at all in studying the other experiences of daily life. Let us, therefore, consider more carefully what Hippocrates did and what he did not do. He was in reaction chiefly against three things: firstly, against the ancient, traditional myths and superstitions which still prevailed among the physicians of his day; secondly, against the recent intrusion of philosophy into medical doctrine; thirdly, against the extravagant system of diagnoses of the Cnidian School, a body of contemporary physicians who seem to have suffered from a familiar form of professional pedantry. Here, Hippocrates was opposing the pretentious systematization of knowledge that lacked solid, objective foundation—the concealment of ignorance, probably more or less unconsciously, with a show of knowledge. Note well that such concealment is rarely altogether dishonest and may be practised in thorough good faith.8The social sciences today suffer from defects that are not unlike the defects of medicine to which Hippocrates was opposed. Firstly, social and political myths are everywhere current, and if they involve forms of superstition that are less apparent to us than the medical superstitions of long ago, that may well be because we recognize the latter class of superstitions for what they are while still accepting or half accepting the former class. Secondly, there is at least as much philosophy mingled with our current social science as there was at any time in the medical doctrines ofthe Greeks. Thirdly, a great part of the social science of today consists of elaborate speculation on an insufficient foundation of fact.9Hippocrates endeavored to avoid myths and traditional rules, the grand search for philosophical truth, the authority of philosophical beliefs, the concealment of ignorance with a show of systematic knowledge. He was concerned, first of all not to conceal his own ignorance from himself.10Experience shows that there are two kinds of human behavior which it is ordinarily convenient and often essential to distinguish.11One is the thinking, talking, and writing, by those who are so familiar with relevant concrete experiences that they cannot ordinarily forget the facts, about two kinds of subjects. These are;firstly, concrete observation—s observations and experiences which are representable by means of sharply defined or otherwise unambiguous words; and secondly, more general considerations, dearly and logically related to such concrete observations and experiences.12The other kind of behavior is thinking, talking, and writing about vague or general ideas or "concepts" which do not clearly relate to concrete observations and experiences and which are not designated by sharply defined words.13In the social sciences, special methods and special skills are few. It is hard to think of anything that corresponds to a mathematician's skill in performing mathematical operations or to a bacteriologist's skill in cultivating microorganisms or to a clinician's skill in making physical examinations.14Classificatory, descriptive knowledge, which is so conspicuous in the medical sciences and in natural history and which has proved so essential to the development of such sciences, is relatively lacking in the social sciences. Moreover, there is no common accord among social scientists concerning the classes and subclasses of the things they study, and there is even much disagreement about nomenclature.15The theories of the social sciences seem to be in a curious state. One body of theory, that of economies is highly developed, has been cast in mathematical form, and has reached a stage that is thought to be in some respects definitive. This theory, like those of the natural sciences, is the result of the concerted efforts of a great number of investigators and has evolved in a manner altogether similar to the evolution of certain theories in the natural sciences. But it is hardly applicable to concrete reality.16The reasons why economic theory is so difficult to apply to concrete events are that it is an abstraction from an immensely complex reality and that reasoning from theory to practice is here, nearly always vitiated by "thefallacy of misplaced concreteness. " Such application suggests the analogy of applying Galileo's law of falling bodies to the motion of a falling leaf in a stiff breeze. Experience teaches that under such circumstances it is altogether unsafe to take more than a single step in deductive reasoning without verifying the conclusions by observation or experiment. Nevertheless, many economists, some cautiously and others less cautiously are in the habit of expressing opinions deduced from theoretical considerations concerning economic practice. There is here a striking contrast with medicine, where it is almost unknown for a theorist inexperienced in practice to prescribe the treatment of a patient.17In other fields of social science, theories are generally not held in common by all investigators, but, as in philosophical systems, tend to be sectarian beliefs. This is true even in psychology where the conflicts of physiological psychologists, behaviorists. Gestaltists, and others sometimes almost suggest theological controversy.18On the whole, it seems fair to say that the social sciences in general are not cultivated by persons possessing intuitive familiarity; highly developed, systematic, descriptive knowledge; and the kind of theories that are to be found in the natural sciences.19There is not a little system-building in the social sciences but, with the striking exception of economic theory, it is of the philosophical type rather than of the scientific type, being chiefly concerned in its structural elements with words rather than with things, or in old fashioned parlance, with noumena, rather than with phenomena.20A further difference between most system-building in the social sciences and systems of thought and classification of the natural sciences is to be seen in their evolution. In the natural sciences, both theories and descriptive systems grow by adaptation to the increasing knowledge and experience of the scientists. In the social sciences, systems often issue fully formed from the mind of one man. Then they may be much discussed if they attract attention, but progressive adaptive modification as a result of the concerted efforts of great numbers of men is rare. Such systems are in no proper sense working hypotheses; they are "rationalizations" , or, at best mixtures of working hypotheses and "rationalizations".21Thinking in the social sciences suffers, I believe, chiefly from two defects:One is the fallacy of misplaced concreteness; the other, the intrusion of sentimen—tsof Bacon's Idols—into the thinking, which may be fairly regarded as an occupational hazard of the social scientists.22Sentiments have no place in clear thinking, but the manifestations of sentiments are among the most important things with which the social sciences are concerned. For example, the word "justice" is out of place in pleadingbefore the Supreme Curt of the United States, but the sentiments associated with that word and often expressed by it are probably quite as important as the laws of our country, not to mention the procedure of the Supreme Court. Indeed such sentiments seem to be in many ways and at many times the most important of all social forces.23The acquired characters of men may be divided into two classes. One kind involves much use of reason, logic, the intellect; for example, the ordinary studies of school and university. The other kind involves little intellectual activity and arises chiefly from conditioning from rituals and from routines; for example, skills, attitudes, and acquired sentiments. In modified form, men share such acquired characters with dogs and other animals. When not misinterpreted, they have been almost completely neglected by intellectuals and are frequently overlooked by social scientists. Their study seems to present an opportunity for the application of physiology.24The conclusions of this comparative study are as follows: Firstly, a combination of intimate, habitual, intuitive familiarity with things; systematic knowledge of things; and an effective way of thinking about things is common among medical scientists, rare among social scientists. Secondly, systems in the medical sciences and systems in the social sciences are commonly different. The former resemble systems in the other natural sciences, the latter resemble philosophical systems. Thirdly, many of the terms employed currently in the social sciences are of a kind that is excluded, except by inadvertence, from the medical sciences. Fourthly, sentiments to not ordinarily intrude in the thinking of medical scientists; they do ordinarily intrude in the thinking of social scientists. Fifthly, the medical sciences have made some progress in the objective study of the manifestations of sentiments; the social sciences, where these things are particularly important, have neglected them. This is probably due to the influence of the intellectual tradition " Sixthly" in the medical sciences, special methods and special skills are many; in the social sciences, few. Finally, in the medical sciences, testing of thought by observation and experiment is continuous. Thus, theories and generalizations of all kinds are constantly being corrected, modified, and adapted to the phenomena; and fallacies of misplaced concreteness, eliminated. In the social sciences, there is little of this adaptation and correction through continuous observation and experiment.25These are very general conclusions to which, as I have already said, there are numerous and important exceptions. Perhaps the most important exceptions may be observed in the work of many historians, of purely descriptive writers, and of those theoretical economists who scrupulously abstain from the application of theory to practice.6Hippocrates was chiefly concerned with .（ A）not concealing his own ignorance from himself（ B）combining philosophy with medical doctrine（ C）the system of diagnosis of the Cnidian school（ D）pretentious systematization of knowledge（ E）incorporating tradition with systematic knowledge7Most social science systems are, at best, .（ A）mixtures of working hypotheses and rationalizations（ B）results of concerted efforts of men at adaptive modification（ C）adaptations of experience and increasing knowledge to experiments（ D）highly developed systems of knowledge（ E）studies of the structural elements of things8One branch of the social sciences considered in some respects definitive is .（ A）history（ B）philosophy（ C）sociology（ D）politics（ E）economics9The social sciences today suffer from defects similar to the defects of medicine in Hippocrates' day, as evidenced by all but one of thesestatements. Which one?（ A）Forms of superstition are less apparent today because we half accent them.（ B）The concealment of ignorance is as thoroughly dishonest today as it was before.（ C）Elaborate speculation is based on poor foundation of fact.（ D）Much philosophy is mingled with current social science.（ E）Social and political myths are everywhere current.10The tradition of skillful medical practice since Hippocrates' time combines theory and practice. Which description inaccurately represents this tradition?（ A）Hard, persistent, intelligent, unremitting labor in the sickroom.（ B）Evidence of accurate observation, selection, classification, and methodical exploitation of phenomena.（ C）Judicious construction of a modest workable theory.（ D）Hard, responsible, intelligent, unremitting labor in the library.（ E）All-round adaptation of the doctor to his task as a type of master workman.11The author firmly believes the scientific study of men .（ A）comparative religion（ B）natural philosophy（ C）social science（ D）medical science（ E）theoretical economics12Which of the following is NOT a conclusion of the author based on his comparative study?（ A）Effective thinking is rare among social scientists.（ B）In the medical sciences, testing of thought by observation and experiment is continuous.（ C）Sentiments ordinarily intrude in the thinking of medical scientists.（ D）Social sciences have neglected the objective study of the manifestations of sentiments.（ E）Terms employed in the social sciences are of a kind excluded from the medical sciences.13By "the fallacy of misplaced concreteness" , the author means .（ A）apprenticeship in a hospital is the only effective preparation for practice（ B）the expressing of opinions deduced from theoretical considerations rather than experiment and observation（ C）the prescribing of treatment for a patient by an experienced intern（ D）treatment of illness by specialists in each field（ E）theoretical deductions verified by observation and experimentation14According to the writer, the social sciences suffer from both the fallacy of misplace concreteness and .（ A）excessive experimentation（ B）judicious theory construction（ C）intrusion of sentiments（ D）too much observation and checking（ E）ancient myths15One may infer that the author's views are .（ A）universally accepted by medical students（ B）accepted by social scientists（ C）not acceptable to Gestaltists（ D）parallel to those of economists（ E）disputed by many professions15For the given word in each item in questions 16 to 20, decide which semantic variation best conveys the meaning of the author. The number given after each word indicates the paragraph in which the word appears.（1x5）16prevailed（7）（ A）existed widely（ B）produced the desired effect（ C）gained the advantage17 pretentious（7）（ A）assumptive of dignity（ B）making exaggerated show; ostentatious（ C）claiming importance or title18 conspicuous（14）（ A）readily attracting attention; striking（ B）plainly visible; manifest（ C）undesirably noticeable19 fallacy（16）（ A）false idea（ B）deceitfulness（ C）erroneous reasoning 20 sectarian（17）（ A）pertaining to a particular school of thought（ B）member of a sect（ C）bigoted三、句子改错21All high schools attach great importance youngster's performance in the College Entrance Examinations.22He could not say "hippopotamus" and "pomegranate" , and we had to help him to pronounce.23"How to open the door?" , he asked as he turned the key, but the door did not open.24This was a farm where you could find all kinds of birds: chickens, quails, turkeys, ducks and geese and so on.25The boy biked to school but realized that he has forgotten his homework.26It was bad news that all boys in the class were caught skipping the PEclass. Another news, however, was encouraging:all of them passed the math exam.27The teacher got impatient that after explaining the past tense many times and giving many examples, the pupils still wrote "I play football yesterday".28All the sophomores said that they wanted to be a good student.29The teacher found it dissatisfied that students failed to hand in their homework on time.30 A wrong information he gave me is that our shuttle bus leaves at 3. As a result, I missed it.四、汉译英31Translate the following passage into English.（25）建城近2500年来，南京一直是中国多元文化交融共进的中心城市之一。

南京大学文学历年真题

2003文学315注意：1.所有答案必须写在“南京大学研究生入学考试答题纸”上，写在试卷和其他纸上无效。

2.本科目不允许使用无字典存储和编程功能的计算器。

[说明]（1）1－4题为必答题；5－8题为选答题，可从中任选两题作答。

合计共答6题，每题25分，本卷共150分。

（2）答案请一律写在按顺序写在答题纸上；标清题号，不必抄题。

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（3）每题答案请简明扼要，文字一般掌握在500字左右。

一、必答题1、简述文学社会作用的系统性。

P522、简论汉代乐府与乐府诗。

一P224-2363、以刘呐鸥、穆时英、施蛰存的创作为例，简述20世纪30年代现代派小说的突出内容和艺术特色。

P250-2544、试比较堂吉诃德与哈姆雷特性格之异同。

P83；94二、选答题5、试比较戏剧文学与影视文学之异同。

P130-1356、清人李元《赋话》卷五云：“《秋声》《赤壁》，宋赋之最擅名者，其原出于《阿房》《华山》诸卷……陈后山所谓一片之文押几个韵者耳。

”朱子亦云：“宋朝文章之盛，前世莫不推欧阳文忠公，南丰曾公与眉山苏公，相继迭起，各以问文擅名一世，独于楚人之赋，有未数数然者。

盖以文为赋，则去风雅曰远也。

”请结合这段话谈谈你对北宋新文赋创作内涵及艺术成就的看法。

三P53；58；687、以老舍的《骆驼祥子》和《茶馆》为例，说明其前后期创作的变化，分析这种变化的原因，并谈谈你对这种变化的看法。

现P187；当P1488、概述19世纪欧洲浪漫主义文学运动的发展。

P181-1832003语言文学基础435一、填空（每空1分，52分）1、弗洛伊德在《》一文中提出，文学创作是作家的白日梦的结果，它和夜间一样，都是被压抑的本能欲望经过改装以后的实现。

2、“诗言志”的说法最早出现于（）。

3、现代派诗人艾略特提出诗人表达思想感情需要找到一种（），即包括物体、情景、事件、掌故等构成的意象体系。

4、任务、清洁和（）是叙事类文学题材的三个主要因素。

2010年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英美文学选读试卷+答案(修订)

2010年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英美文学选读试卷+答案请将答案填在答题纸相应的位置上(全部题目用英文作答)I．Multiple Choice(40 points in all, 1 for each)Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Write the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the answer sheet.1. T. S. Eliot’ s ______ bearing a strong thematic resemblance to The Waste Land, is generally regarded as the darkest of Eliot’ s poems.A. “Gerontion”B. “Prufrock”C. Murder in the CathedralD. The Hollow Men2. Shell ey’ s political lyrics ______ is not only a war cry calling upon all working people to rise up against their political oppressors, but an address to them pointing out the intolerable injustice of economic exploitation.A. “Ode to Liberty”B. “Ode to Naples”C. “Ode to the West Wind”D. “Men of England”3. Charlotte’ s works are famous for the depiction of the life of ______ working women, particularly governesses.A. the middle - classB. the lower - classC. the upper - middle - classD. the upper - class4. All of the following works are known as Hardy’ s “novels of character and environment” EXCEPT ______.A. The Return of the NativeB. Tess of the D’ UrbervillesC. Jude the ObscureD. Far from the Madding Crowd5. Jane Austen’ s practical ideali sm is that love should be justified by ______ and disciplined by self-control.A. reasonB. senseC. rationalityD. sensibility6. Shakespeare’ s ______, an elaborate and fantastic story, is known as the best of his final romances.A. The Winter’s TaleB. The TempestC. The Taming of the ShrewD. Love’ s Labour’ s Lost7. “Where intelligence was fallible, limited, the Imagination was our hope of contact with eternal forces, with the whole spiritual world.” was said by ______.A. William WordsworthB. William BlakeC. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeD. John Keats8. “To be, or not to be - that is the question;/Whether’ tis nobler in the mind to suffer / The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,/Or to take arms against a sea of troubles ,/And by opposing e nd then?” These lines are taken from ______.A. King LearB. Romeo and JulietC. OthelloD. Hamlet9. John Milton’ s most powerful dramatic poem on the Greek model is ______.A. Paradise LostB. Paradise RegainedC. Samson AgonistesD. Lycidas10. Because of her sensitivity to universal pattens of human behavior, ______ has brought the English novel, as an art of form, to its maturity.A. Charlotte BronteB. Jane AustenC. Emily BronteD. Henry Fielding11. Daniel Defoe’s ______ is universally cons idered as his masterpiece.A. Colonel JackB. Robinson CrusoeC. Captain SingletonD. A Journal of the Plague Year12. Poetry is defined by ______ as “the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings, which originates in emotion recollected in tranquility”.A. William WordsworthB. William BlakeC. Percy Bysshe ShelleyD. Robert Southey13. Jonathan Swift’ s ______ is generally regarded as the best model of satire, not only of the period but also in the whole English literary history.A. Gulliver’s Trav elsB. The Battle of the BooksC. “A Modest Proposal”D. A Tale of a Tub14. All of the following statements about the Victorian period is true EXCEPT ______.A. England was the “workshop of the world”.B. The early years was a time of rapid economic development as well as serious social problems.C. Towards the mid -century, England had reached its highest point of development as a world power.D. Capitalism came into its monopoly stage, the gap between the rich and the poor was further deepened.15. George Bernard Shaw’ s ______ is a grotesquely realistic exposure of slum landlordism.A. Widower’ s HouseB. Mrs. Warren’ s ProfessionC. The Apple CartD. Getting Married16. Dickens’ s first child hero is ______.A. Little NellB. David CopperfieldC. Oliver TwistD. Little Dorrit17. Of all the eighteenth - century novelists ______ was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a “comic epic in prose”, the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.A. Henry FieldingB. Daniel DefoeC. Jonathan SwiftD. Laurence Sterne18. D. H. Lawrence’ s ______ is a remarkable novel in which the individual consciousness is subtly revealed and strands of themes are intricately wound up.A. Sons and LoversB. The RainbowC. Women in LoveD. Lady Chatterley’ s Love19. Dickens attacks the Utilitarian principle that rules over the English education system and destroys young hearts and minds in ______.A. Hand TimesB. Great ExpectationsC. Our Mutual FriendD. Bleak House20. The belief of the eighteenth - century neoclassicists in England led them to seek the following EXCEPT ______.A. proportionB. unityC. harmonyD. spirit21. The Renaissance marks a transition from ______ to the modern world.A. the old EnglishB. the medievalC. the feudalistD. the capitalist22. The great political and social events in the English society of neoclassical period were the following EXCEPT ______.A. the Restoration of King Charles II in 1660B. the Great Plague of 1665C. the Great London Fire in 1666D. the Wars of Roses in 168923. With the scarlet letter A as the biggest symbol of all, ______ proves himself to be one of the best symbolists.A. HawthorneB. DreiserC. JamesD. Faulkner24. The author of Leaves of Grass , a giant of American letters, is ______.A. FaulknerB. DreiserC. JamesD. Whitman25. In Tender is the Night, ______ traces the decline of a young American psychiatrist whose marriage toa beautiful and wealthy patient drains his personal energies and corrodes his professional career.A. DreiserB. FaulknerC. FitzgeraldD. Jack London26. Melville is best - known as the author of his mighty book, ________, which is one of the world’ s greatest masterpieces.A. Song of MyselfB. Moby - DickC. The Marble FaunD. Mosses from an Old Manse27. The theme of Henry James’ essay “______” clearly indicates that the aim of the novel is to present life, so it is not surprising to find in his writings human experiences explored in every possible form.A. The AmericanB. The EuropeansC. The Art of FictionD. The Golden Bowl28. During WWI, ______ served as an honorable junior officer in the American Red Cross Ambulance Corps and in 1918 was severely wounded in both legs.A. AndersonB. FaulknerC. HemingwayD. Dreiser29. In order to protest against America’ s failure to join England in WWI, ______ became a naturalized British citizen in 1915.A. William FaulknerB. Henry JamesC. Earnest HemingwayD. Ezra Pound30. Robert Frost described ______as “a book of people,” which shows a brilliant insight into New England character and the background that formed it.A. North of BostonB. A Boy’s WillC. A Witness TreeD. A Further Range31. We can easily find in Dreiser’ s fiction a world of jungle, and ______ found expression in almost every book he wrote.A. naturalismB. romanticismC. transcendentalismD. cubism32. As an active participant of his age, Fitzgerald is often acclaimed literary spokesman of the ______.A. Jazz AgeB. Age of ReasonC. Lost GenerationD. Beat Generation33. From the first novel Sister Carrie on, Dreiser set himself to project the American values for what he had found them to be: ______ to the core.A. altruisticB. politicalC. religiousD. materialistic34. The 20th -century stream- of- consciousness technique was frequently and skillfully used by ______ to emphasize the reactions and inner musings of the narrator.A. HemingwayB. FrostC. FaulknerD. Whitman35. With the help of his friends Phil Stone and Sherwood Anderson, ______ published a volume of poetry The Marble Faun and his first novel Soldiers’ Pay.A. FaulknerB. HemingwayC. Ezra PoundD. Fitzgerald36. The Sun Also Rises casts light on a whole generation after WWI and the effects of the war by way ofa vivid portrait of “______.”A. the Beat GenerationB. the Lost GenerationC. the Babybooming AgeD. the Jazz Age37. Within her little lyrics Dickinson addresses those issues that concern ______, which include religion, death, immorality, love and nature.A. the whole human beingsB. the frontiersC. the African AmericansD. her relatives38. H. L. Mencken, a famous American critic, considered ______ “the true father of our national literature. ”A. Hamlin GarlandB. Joseph KirklandC. Mark TwainD. Henry James39. In his poetry, Whitman shows concern for ______ and the burgeoning life of cities.A. the colonistsB. the capitalistsC. the whole hard -working peopleD. the intellectuals40. In 1837, ______ published Twice - Told Tales, a collection of short stories which attracted critical attention.A. EmersonB. MelvilleC. WhitmanD. HawthorneII. Reading Comprehension (16 points in all, 4 for each)Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.41. Wherefore, Bees of England, forgeMany a weapon, chain, and scourge,That these stingless drones may spoilThe forced produce of your toil?Questions:A. Identify the poet and the poem from which the lines are taken.B. What do you know about the poem’ s writing background?C. What do you think the poet intends to say in the poem?42. Let us go then, you and I,When the evening is spread out against the skyLike a patient etherized upon a table;Let us go, through certain half- deserted streets,The muttering retreatsOf restless nights in one -night cheap hotelsAnd sawdust restaurants with oyster- shells:(The lines above are taken from “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock” by T. S E liot. )Questions:A. What does the poem present?B. What form is the poem composed in?C. What does the poem suggest?43. This is my letter to the WorldThat never wrote to Me -The simple News that Nature told -With tender MajestyQuestions:A. Identify the poet.B. What idea does the poem express?C. Why does the poet use dashes and capital letters in the poem?44. There was music from my neighbor’ s house through the summer nights. In his blue gardens men and girls came and went like moths among the whisperings and the champagne and the stars. At high tide in the afternoon I watched his guests diving from the tower of his raft, or taking the sun on the hot sand of his beach while his two motorboats slit the waters of the Sound, drawing aquaplanes over cataracts of foam. On week - ends his Rolls - Royce became an omnibus, bearing parties to and from the city between nine in the morning and long past midnight, while his station wagon scampered like a brisk yellow bug to meet all trains. And on Mondays eight servants, including an extra gardener, toiled all day with mops and scrubbing- brushes and hammers and garden - shears, repairing the ravages of the night before. (The passage above is taken from The Great Gatsby )Questions:A. What time does the story reflect?B. What does the novel evoke?C. What does Gatsby’ s failure magnify?III. Questions and Answers (24 points in all, 6 for each)Give a brief answer to each of the following questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.45. Working through the tradition of a Christian humanism, Milton wrote Paradise Lost, intending to expose the ways of Satan and to “justify the ways of God to men. ” What is Milton’ s fundamental concern in Paradise Lost?46. Briefly introduce Blake’ s Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience.47. What are the factors that gave rise to American naturalism?48. Briefly state Mark Twain’ s magic power with language in his novels.IV. Topic Discussion(20 points in all, 10 for each)Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.49. Why is Hardy regarded as a naturalistic writer in English literature? Discuss in relation to his novels you know.50. Please discuss Henry James’ contribution to American literature in regard to his representative works, themes, writing techniques and language.英美文学选读试题答案及评分参考（课程代码0604）I．Multiple Choice(40 points in all, 1 for each)Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Write the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the answer sheet.01-05:DDADA 06-10:BBDCB 11-15:BACDA 16-20:CACAD21-25:BDADC 26-30:BCCBA 31-35:AADCA 36-40:BACCDII. Reading Comprehension (16 points in all, 4 for each)Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.41.A. Shelley & A Song : Men of England.B. This poem was written in 1819, the year of the *Peterloo Massacre(彼得卢屠杀).* 1819年8月16日发生在英国曼彻斯特圣彼得广场上的一场流血惨案。

南京大学真题2010年

南京大学真题2010年(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、SECTION Ⅰ STRUCTURE AND VOCABULARY(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D respectively. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentences. Then blacken your Answer in the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.(总题数：20，分数：20.00)1.The little girl wore a very thin coat. A sudden gust of cold wind made her ______A. whirl B shift C. shiver D. shake（分数：1.00）A.B.C. √D.解析：[解析] 句子大意为：这个小女孩穿了一件很薄的外套。

一阵冷风让她发抖。

本题考查近义词辨析。

在给出的选项中：whirl“打旋”；shift“移动”；shiver“发抖”，因寒冷、恐惧、兴奋等发抖；shake“摇动、震动”。

所以，正确答案是c。

2.Having gone through all kinds of hardships in life, he became a man with a strong______A. philosophy B idealism C. morality D. personality（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. √解析：[解析] 句子大意为：经历过生活中的种种艰难困苦，他成了一位名人。

南京大学英语专业考研真题

南京大学英语专业考研真题(2008-12-05 12:12:47)标签：杂谈南京大学英语专业考研真题Part A Vocabulary and Reading (50/150)Read the passage below and then complete the tasks that follow:Language and Cultural IdentityC. Kramschpara.1 It is widely believed that there is a natural connection between the language spoken by members of a social group and that group's identity. By their accent, their vocabulary, their discourse patterns, speakers identify themselves and are identified as members of this or that speech and discourse community. From this membership, they draw personal strength and pride, as well as a sense of social importance and historical continuity from using the same language as the group they belong to.para.2 But how to define which group one belongs to? In isolated, homogeneous communities like the Trobrianders studied by Malinowski, one may still define group membership according to common cultural practices and daily face-to-face interactions, but in modem, historically complex, open societies it is much more difficult to define the boundaries of any particular social group and the linguistic and cultural identities of its members.para.3 Take ethnicity for example. In their 1982 survey conducted among the highly mixed population of Belize (formerly British Honduras), Le Page and Tabouret-Keller found out that different people ascribed themselves to different ethnicities as either 'Spanish', 'Creole', 'Maya' or 'Belizean', according to which ethnic criterion they focused on — physical features (hair and skin), general appearance, genetic descent, provenance, or nationality. Rarely was language used as an ethnically defining criterion. Interestingly, it was only under the threat of a Guatemalan takeover as soon as British rule would cease, that the sense of a Belizean national identity slowly started emerging from among the multiple ethnic ascriptions that people still give themselves to this day.para.4 Group identity based on race would seem easier to define, and yet there are almost as many genetic differences, say, between members of the same White, or Black race as there are between the classically described human races, not to speak of the difficulty in some cases of ascertaining with 100 percent exactitude a person's racial lineage. For example, in 1983 the South African Government changed the racial classification of 690 people: two-thirds of these, who had been Coloreds, became Whites, 71 who had been Blacks became Coloreds, and 11 Whites were redistributed among other racial groups! And, of course, there is no necessary correlation between a given racial characteristic and the use of a given language or variety of languagepara.5 Regional identity is equally contestable. As reported in the London Times of February 1984, when a Soviet book, Populations of the World, claimed that the population of France consisted of 'French, Alsatians, Flemings, Bretons, Basques, Catalans, Corsicans, Jews, Armenians, Gypsies and "others'", Georges Marchais, the French Communist leader, violently disagreed: 'For us', he said, 'every man and woman of French nationality is French. France is not a multinational state: it is one nation, the product of a long history....'para.6 One would think that national identity is a clear-cut either/or affair (either you are or you are not a citizen), but it is one thing, for example, to have a Turkish passport, another thing to ascribe to yourself a Turkish national identity if you were born, raised and educated, say, in Germany, are native speaker of German, and happen to have Turkish parents.para.7 Despite the entrenched belief in the one language = one culture equation, individuals assume several collective identities that are likely not only to change over time in dialogue with others, but are liable to be in conflict with one another. For example, an immigrant's sense of self that was linked in his country of origin perhaps to his social class, his political views, or his economic status becomes, in the new country, overwhelmingly linked to his national citizenship or his religion, for this is the identity that is imposed on him by others, who see in him now, for example, only a Turk or a Muslim. His own sense of self, or cultural identity, changes accordingly. Out of nostalgia for the 'old country', he may tend to become more Turkish than the Turks and entertain what Benedict Anderson has called 'long distance nationalism'. The Turkish he speaks may become with the passion of years somewhat different from the Turkish spoken today in the streets of Ankara; the community he used to belong to is now more an 'imagined community' than the actual present-day Turkey.para. 8 The problem lies in equating the racial, ethnic, national identity imposed on an individual by the state's bureaucratic system, and that individual's self-ascription. Group identity is not a national fact, but a cultural perception, to use the metaphor with which we started this book. Our perception of someone's social identity is very much culturally determined. What we perceived about a person's culture and language is what we have been conditioned by our own culture to see, and the stereotypical models already built around our own. Group identity is a question of focusing and diffusion of ethnic, racial national concepts or stereotypes. Let us take an example,para. 9 Le Page and Tabouret-Keller recount the case of a man in Singapore who claimed that he would never have any difficulty in telling the difference between an Indian and a Chinese. But how would he instantly know that the dark-skinned non-Malay person he saw on the street was an Indian (and not, say a Pakistani), and that light-skinned non-European was a Chinese (and not, say, a Korean), unless he differentiated the two according to the official Singaporean 'ethnic' categories: Chinese, Malay, Indian, Others? In another context with different racial classifications he might have interpreted: differently the visual clues presented to him by people on the street. His impression was focused by the classificatory concepts prevalent in his society, a behavior that Benjamin Whorf would have predicted. In turn this focus may prompt him, by a phenomenon of diffusion, to identify all other 'Chinese' along the same ethnic categories, according to the stereotype 'All Chinese look alike to me'.para.10 It has to be noted that societies impose racial and ethnic categories only on certain groups: Whites do not generally identify themselves by the color of their skin, but by their provenance or nationality. They would find it ludicrous to draw their sense of cultural identity from their membership in the White race. Hence the rather startled reaction of two Danish women in the United States to a young African-American boy, who, overhearing their conversation in Danish, asked them 'What's your culture?' Seeing how perplexed they were, he explained with a smile 'See, I'm Black. That's my culture. What's yours?' Laughingly they answered that they spoke Danish and came from Denmark. Interestingly, the boy did not use language as a criterion of group identity, but the Danish did.para.11 European identities have traditionally been built much more around language and national citizenship, and around folk models of 'one nation = one language', than around ethnicity or race. But even in Europe, the matter is not so simple. For example, Alsatians who speak German, French and Germanic Piatt mayalternatively consider themselves as primarily Alsatians, or French, or German, depending on how they position themselves vis-à-vis the history of their region and their family biography. A youngster born and raised in France of Algerian parents may, even though he speaks only French, call himself Algerian in France, but when abroad he might prefer to be seen as French, depending on which group he wishes to be identified with at the time.para.12 Examples from other parts of the world show how complex thelanguage-cultural identity relationship really is. The Chinese, for example, identify themselves ethnically as Chinese even though they speak languages or dialects which are mutually unintelligible. Despite the fact that a large number of Chinese don't know how to read and write, it is the Chinese character-writing system and the art of calligraphy that are the major factors of an overall Chinese group identity.Task 1: For each of the following items, study the reading passage and choose A, B or C that best completes the statement (30/150):(1) In the sentence "By their accent, their vocabulary, their discourse patterns, speakers identify themselves and are identified as members of this or that speech and discourse community," the phrase "discourse community" means:A) communal group B) cultural group C) discourse group(2) When the author states: "[The modern, historically complex, open societies it is much more difficult to define the boundaries of any particular social group and the linguistic and cultural identities of its members," he implies that an open society is:A) a society of many peopleB) a society of diverse discoursesC) a society of multi-ethnic structure(3) "[T]he sense of a Belizean national identity" means a sense ofA) language B) belonging C) history(4) When the author declares that "there is no necessary correlation between a given racial characteristic and the use of a given language or variety of language," he thinks that the relationship between a language and a culture isA) complex B) fixed C) uncertain(5) Georges Marchais said, "every man and woman of French nationality is French. France is not a multinational state: it is one nation, the product of a long history...." He probably regarded "'French" asA) a historical symbol of a stateB) a primary token of a national identityC) a product of a long historyTask 2: The following are definitions of the words contained in the above reading passage. Find these words in the paragraphs as marked in the parentheses (20/150):略海天海天教育海天考研Part B Proofreading (30/150)EXAMPLEWhen ∧ museum wants a new exhibit, (1) __a__it never buys things in finished form and hangs them (2) _neveron the wall. When a natural history museumwants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3) exhibitPart C Translation (40/150)Translate the following passage into Chinese: (20/150)Folktales played a very important role in the social and cultural life of the Plains Indians. Farmers and nomadic hunters alike enjoyed gathering around the fire, especially on wintry nights, to hear the tales of the storyteller. The talents of a good storyteller and the novelty of the tale had the power to figuratively transport hard working Indians to another world.Even today, American Indians believe in the enormous power of the spoken word. As in the past, the imaginative storyteller, typically an old man or an old woman, builds up a reputation as a performer. They enhance their stories by adding gestures, voice changes and songs. He or she might occasionally adapt a particular tale to suit a specific cultural group or tribe. For example, there are usually many different versions of every good tale. Therefore, whenever a story is retold it is likely to be varied, but only within the limits of the tradition established for that particular tale. The storyteller is always mindful of his own, as well as the cultural background of the listener.Translate the following passage into English: (20/150)略Part D Writing (30/150)The following is excerpted from a letter that appeared in the Letter-to-the-Editor column of China Daily: (30/150)Editor:I just graduated from university with a BA in English, but looking back at my university education, I have to say that I have wasted four years of my life. When I entered the university four years ago, I had the highest English score in the city where I grew up. However, on a job interview a few days ago, the personnel manager of a joint venture company said my English was not good enough.It is my university that is to blame. I have never found my classes helpful; they often repeat what I learned in high school. What's more, the teachers often mispronounce words and use ungrammatical sentences or simply use Chinese throughout the class. Some of them often arrive in class unprepared. They have no interest in us or in teaching; they are probably only interested in making money and publishing their papers.In comparison, my high school teachers were committed They had been well trained and were very strict with us. They gave me more help than those university professors. Even today, if I write an English essay, most of the words and sentence patterns I use would be those I learned during my high school years.All in all, I do not think our government should fund a university undergraduate English program if most of the students are not satisfied. If it is a waste of time for us, it must be a waste of resources for our country.Zhu Fan, Nanjing海天海天教育海天考研This controversial letter has generated a lot of discussion in China Daily, and you would like to join the discussion, too. Complete the following tasks on your answer sheets:(1) (4 / 150) Suppose you are going to write a letter for the Letter-to-the-Editor column of China Daily to express your agreement or disagreement with Zhu Fan, and the letter is about 400 words long. In the introductory paragraph (the first paragraph), you will begin with a sentence that introduces the topic. Write down the sentence that begins this paragraph.(2) (5 /150) Write down the last sentence of the introductory paragraph, that is, the thesis statement that expresses your main idea.(3) (4 x 2/ 150) Suppose you have two body paragraphs that support the thesis statement. Write down the topic sentence for each of them. You may begin it with "First,..." or "Second,...."(4) (4 x 2/150) For each topic sentence you write in (3), give one concrete example that illustrates the point you make in the topic sentence. Each example should not exceed two sentences. (There will be a penalty for using more than two sentences for an example.)(5 / 150) Based on what you write down in (2), (3) and (4), write a conclusion paragraph that contains two or three sentences. (There will be a penalty for using more than three sentences.)Part A Vocabulary and Reading (50/150)Read the passage below and then complete the tasks that follow:Language and Cultural IdentityC. Kramschpara.1It is widely believed that there is a natural connection between the language spoken by members of a social group and that group's identity. By their accent, their vocabulary, their discourse patterns, speakers identify themselves and are identified as members of this or that speech and discourse community. From this membership, they draw personal strength and pride, as well as a sense of social importance and historical continuity from using the same language as the group they belong to.para.2 But how to define which group one belongs to? In isolated, homogeneous communities like the Trobrianders studied by Malinowski, one may still define group membership according to common cultural practices and daily face-to-face interactions, but in modem, historically complex, open societies it is much more difficult to define the boundaries of any particular social group and the linguistic and cultural identities of its members.para.3 Take ethnicity for example. In their 1982 survey conducted among the highly mixed population of Belize (formerly British Honduras), Le Page and Tabouret-Keller found out that different people ascribed themselves to different ethnicities as either 'Spanish', 'Creole', 'Maya' or 'Belizean', according to which ethnic criterion they focused on — physical features (hair and skin), general appearance, genetic descent, provenance, or nationality. Rarely was language used as an ethnically defining criterion. Interestingly, it was only under the threat of a Guatemalan takeover as soon as British rule would cease, that the sense of a Belizean national identity slowly started emerging from among the multiple ethnic ascriptions that people still give themselves to this day.para.4 Group identity based on race would seem easier to define, and yet there are almost as many genetic differences, say, between members of the same White, or Black race as there are between the classically described human races, not to speak of the difficulty in some cases of ascertaining with 100 percent exactitude a person's racial lineage. For example, in 1983 the South African Government changed the racial classification of 690 people: two-thirds of these, who had been Coloreds, became Whites, 71 who had been Blacks became Coloreds, and 11 Whites were redistributed among otherracial groups! And, of course, there is no necessary correlation between a given racial characteristic and the use of a given language or variety of languagepara.5Regional identity is equally contestable. As reported in the London Times of February 1984, when a Soviet book, Populations of the World, claimed that the population of France consisted of 'French, Alsatians, Flemings, Bretons, Basques, Catalans, Corsicans, Jews, Armenians, Gypsies and "others'", Georges Marchais, the French Communist leader, violently disagreed: 'For us', he said, 'every man and woman of French nationality is French. France is not a multinational state: it is one nation, the product of a long history....'para.6 One would think that national identity is a clear-cut either/or affair (either you are or you are not a citizen), but it is one thing, for example, to have a Turkish passport, another thing to ascribe to yourself a Turkish national identity if you were born, raised and educated, say, in Germany, are native speaker of German, and happen to have Turkish parents.para.7 Despite the entrenched belief in the one language = one culture equation, individuals assume several collective identities that are likely not only to change over time in dialogue with others, but are liable to be in conflict with one another. For example, an immigrant's sense of self that was linked in his country of origin perhaps to his social class, his political views, or his economic status becomes, in the new country, overwhelmingly linked to his national citizenship or his religion, for this is the identity that is imposed on him by others, who see in him now, for example, only a Turk or a Muslim. His own sense of self, or cultural identity, changes accordingly. Out of nostalgia for the 'old country', he may tend to become more Turkish than the Turks and entertain what Benedict Anderson has called 'long distance nationalism'. The Turkish he speaks may become with the passion of years somewhat different from the Turkish spoken today in the streets of Ankara; the community he used to belong to is now more an 'imagined community' than the actual present-day Turkey.para. 8 The problem lies in equating the racial, ethnic, national identity imposed on an individual by the state's bureaucratic system, and that individual'sself-ascription. Group identity is not a national fact, but a cultural perception, to use the metaphor with which we started this book. Our perception of someone's social identity is very much culturally determined. What we perceived about a person's culture and language is what we have been conditioned by our own culture to see, and the stereotypical models already built around our own. Group identity is a question of focusing and diffusion of ethnic, racial national concepts or stereotypes. Let us take an example,para. 9 Le Page and Tabouret-Keller recount the case of a man in Singapore who claimed that he would never have any difficulty in telling the difference between an Indian and a Chinese. But how would he instantly know that the dark-skinned non-Malay person he saw on the street was an Indian (and not, say a Pakistani), and that light-skinnednon-European was a Chinese (and not, say, a Korean), unless he differentiated the two according to the official Singaporean 'ethnic' categories: Chinese, Malay, Indian, Others? In another context with different racial classifications he might have interpreted: differently the visual clues presented to him by people on the street. His impression was focused by the classificatory concepts prevalent in his society, a behavior that Benjamin Whorf would have predicted. In turn this focus may prompt him, by a phenomenon of diffusion, to identify all other 'Chinese' along the same ethnic categories, according to the stereotype 'All Chinese look alike to me'.para.10 It has to be noted that societies impose racial and ethnic categories only on certain groups: Whites do not generally identify themselves by the color of their skin, but by their provenance or nationality. They would find it ludicrous to draw their sense of cultural identity from their membership in the White race. Hence the rather startled reaction of two Danish women in the United States to a young African-American boy, who, overhearing their conversation in Danish, asked them 'What's your culture?' Seeing how perplexed they were, he explained with a smile 'See, I'm Black. That's my culture. What's yours?' Laughingly they answered that they spoke Danish and came from Denmark. Interestingly, the boy did not use language as a criterion of group identity, but the Danish did.para.11 European identities have traditionally been built much more around language and national citizenship, and around folk models of 'one nation = one language', than around ethnicity or race. But even in Europe, the matter is not so simple. For example, Alsatians who speak German, French and Germanic Piatt may alternatively consider themselves as primarily Alsatians, or French, or German, depending on how they position themselves vis-à-vis the history of their region and their family biography. A youngster born and raised in France of Algerian parents may, even though he speaks only French, call himself Algerian in France, but when abroad he might prefer to be seen as French, depending on which group he wishes to be identified with at the time.para.12 Examples from other parts of the world show how complex the language-cultural identity relationship really is. The Chinese, for example, identify themselves ethnically as Chinese even though they speak languages or dialects which are mutually unintelligible. Despite the fact that a large number of Chinese don't know how to read and write, it is the Chinese character-writing system and the art of calligraphy that are the major factors of an overall Chinese group identity.Task 1: For each of the following items, study the reading passage and choose A, B or C that best completes the statement (30/150):(1)In the sentence "By their accent, their vocabulary, their discourse patterns, speakers identify themselves and are identified as members of this or that speech and discourse community," the phrase "discourse community" means:A) communal group B) cultural group C) discourse group(2)When the author states: "[The modern, historically complex, open societies it is much more difficult to define the boundaries of any particular social group and the linguistic and cultural identities of its members," he implies that an open society is:A)a society of many peopleB)a society of diverse discoursesC)a society of multi-ethnic structure(3)"[T]he sense of a Belizean national identity" means a sense ofA) languageB) belongingC) history(4)When the author declares that "there is no necessary correlation between a given racial characteristic and the use of a given language or variety of language," he thinks that the relationship between a language and a culture isA) complexB) fixedC) uncertain(5)Georges Marchais said, "every man and woman of French nationality is French. France is not a multinational state: it is one nation, the product of a long history...." He probably regarded "'French" asA)a historical symbol of a stateB)a primary token of a national identityC)a product of a long historyTask 2: The following are definitions of the words contained in the above reading passage. Find these words in the paragraphs as marked in the parentheses (20/150):略Part B Proofreading (30/150)EXAMPLEWhen ∧ museum wants a new exhibit,(1) __a__it never buys things in finished form and hangs them (2) _neveron the wall. When a natural history museumwants an exhibition, it must often build it.(3) exhibit.pb{}.pb textarea{font-size:14px; margin:10px; font-family:"宋体";background:#FFFFEE; color:#000066}.pb_t{line-height:30px; font-size:14px; color:#000; text-align:center;}/*分页*/.pagebox{overflow:hidden; zoom:1; font-size:12px;font-family:"宋体",sans-serif;}.pagebox span{float:left; margin-right:2px; overflow:hidden; text-align:center; background:#fff;}.pagebox span a{display:block; overflow:hidden; zoom:1; _float:left;}.pagebox span.pagebox_pre_nolink{border:1px#ddd solid; width:53px; height:21px; line-height:21px; text-align:center; color:#999; cursor:default;}.pagebox span.pagebox_pre{color:#3568b9; height:23px;}.pagebox span.pagebox_pre a,.pagebox span.pagebox_pre a:visited,.pagebox span.pagebox_next a,.pagebox span.pagebox_next a:visited{border:1px #9aafe5 solid; color:#3568b9;text-decoration:none; text-align:center; width:53px; cursor:pointer; height:21px; line-height:21px;}.pagebox span.pagebox_pre a:hover,.pagebox span.pagebox_prea:active,.pagebox span.pagebox_next a:hover,.pagebox span.pagebox_nexta:active{color:#363636; border:1px #2e6ab1 solid;}.pageboxspan.pagebox_num_nonce{padding:0 8px; height:23px; line-height:23px; color:#fff; cursor:default; background:#296cb3; font-weight:bold;}.pageboxspan.pagebox_num{color:#3568b9; height:23px;}.pagebox span.pagebox_num a,.pagebox span.pagebox_num a:visited{border:1px #9aafe5 solid; color:#3568b9;text-decoration:none; padding:0 8px; cursor:pointer; height:21px;line-height:21px;}.pagebox span.pagebox_num a:hover,.pagebox span.pagebox_numa:active{border:1px #2e6ab1 solid;color:#363636;}.pageboxspan.pagebox_num_ellipsis{color:#393733; width:22px; background:none;line-height:23px;}.pagebox span.pagebox_next_nolink{border:1px #ddd solid; width:53px; height:21px; line-height:21px; text-align:center; color:#999; cursor:default;}Part C Translation (40/150)Translate the following passage into Chinese: (20/150)Folktales played a very important role in the social and cultural life of the Plains Indians. Farmers and nomadic hunters alike enjoyed gathering around the fire, especially on wintry nights, to hear the tales of the storyteller. The talents of a good storyteller and the novelty of the tale had the power to figuratively transport hard working Indians to another world.Even today, American Indians believe in the enormous power of the spoken word. As in the past, the imaginative storyteller, typically an old man or an old woman, builds up a reputation as a performer. They enhance their stories by adding gestures, voice changes and songs. He or she might occasionally adapt a particular tale to suit a specific cultural group or tribe. For example, there are usually many different versions of every good tale. Therefore, whenever a story is retold it is likely to be varied, but only within the limits of the tradition established for that particular tale. The storyteller is always mindful of his own, as well as the cultural background of the listener.Translate the following passage into English: (20/150)略。

2010年南京大学英语专业语言学真题试卷_真题(含答案与解析)-交互

2010年南京大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷(总分46, 做题时间90分钟)1. 区分题1.Distinguish the following pairs of terms. Clarify the differences with appropriate examples.(20/150)homonymy vs. polysemySSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案：Homonymy refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form, that is, different words are identical in sound or spelling, or in both. When two words are identical in sound, they are homophones, such as rain/reign. When two words are identical in spelling, they are homographs, such as tear v. /tear n. When two words are identical in both sound and spelling, they **plete homonyms, such as fast adj. /fast v. Polysemy refers to the phenomenon that the same one word may have more than one meaning. Such a word is called a polysemic or polysemous word. The **monly used a word is, the more likely it has acquired more than one meaning. For example, the word table has many meanings, such as(1)a piece of furniture.(2)orderly arrangements of facts, figures, etc.解析：(考查同音／同形异义现象与一词多义现象)2.entailment vs. presuppositionSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案：Entailment is a relation of inclusion. If X entails Y, the meaning of X is included in Y. Analyzing the relation of entailmentin terms of truth condition, we come to the following conclusions: If X is true, Y is necessarily true. If X is false, Y may be true or false. For example, X: He has been to France. Y: He has been to Europe. Similar to entailment, presupposition is a semantic relationship or logical connection. Analyzing the relation of presupposition in terms of truth condition, we can conclude: If X is true, Y must be true. If X is false, Y is still true. For example, X; John"s bike needs repairing. Y; John has a bike.解析：(考查语义学中的蕴涵与预设)3.surface structure vs. deep structureSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案：There are two levels of syntactic structure. The one formed by the XP rule in accordance with the head"s sub-categorization properties, is called deep structure. The other one, corresponding to the final syntactic form of the sentence which results from appropriate transformations, is called surface structure. The organization of the **ponent of the grammar can be depicted below; The XP Rule ↓ DEEP STRUCTURE←(Sub-categorization restricts choices of complements) ↓ Transformations ↓ SURFACE STRUCTURE For example; Would **e tomorrow? Deep structure;/Surface structure;/解析：(考查句法学中的表层结构与深层结构)4.endophoric reference vs. exophoric referenceSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案：An endophoric reference refers to something inside the text in which the reference is found. It includes two types; anaphoric reference and cataphoric reference. An anaphoric reference refers to something within a text that has been previously identified. For example, in "Susan dropped the plate. It shattered loudly" , the word "it" refers to the phrase "the plate". A cataphoric reference refers to something within the text that has not yet been identified. For example, in "He was very cold. David promptly put on his coat" , the identity of the "he" is unknown until the individual is referred to as "David". An exdophoric reference refers to language outside of the text in which the reference is found. For example, the meaning of the phrase "the Queen" may be determined by the country in which it is spoken. Because there are many Queens throughout the world, and the location of the speaker provides the extra information that allows an individual Queen to be identified.解析：(考查言内照应与言外照应)2. 单项选择题1.For each group of items in the following, point out which item does not fall under the same category as the rest and explain the reason in ONE sentence.SSS_SINGLE_SELAex p ensiveBre p eatCs p ringDcons p iracy[Focus on the pronunciation of "p"]该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:B解析：The pronunciation of "p" is aspirated in B, while in the other three words, "P" is unaspirated because it is after the sound /s/. (考查字母p在音位／s／后的发音)2.SSS_SINGLE_SELAco n siderateBto n icityCpoi n tlessDi n consistency[Focus on the pronunciation of "n"]该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:D解析：The pronunciation of "n" is transformed into the sound // when it is followed by the sound /k/, while in the other three words, it is pronounced as /n/. (考查字母n在音位／k／前面的软腭化)3.SSS_SINGLE_SELAnumber sBclassroom sCisland sDlaptop s [Focus on the pronunciation of "s"]该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:D解析："s" in D is pronounced as /s/, while in the other three words are all pronounced as /z/.(考查字母s在名词复数中的发音)4.SSS_SINGLE_SELA competentB principalC individualD animate[Focus on the location of the stress]该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:C解析：The stress in C is on the third syllable, while in the other three words, they are on the first syllable.(考查单词的重音)5.SSS_SINGLE_SELA /f/B /p/C /d/D /g/[Focus on the classification of consonants]该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:A解析：The sound /f/ is a fricative, while the other three sounds are all stops.(考查辅音的分类)6.SSS_SINGLE_SELA provideB supplyC offerD accuse[Focus on transitivity]该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:C解析：Offer can be followed by two objects; the direct object and the indirect object, while the other three words cannot be followed by two objects.(考查动词的及物性)7.SSS_SINGLE_SELAre ceiveBen ableCre vol utionaryDpro ceed [Focus on the type of morphemes]该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:B解析：Able in B is a free morpheme, while the morphemes in the other three words are all bound morphemes.(考查粘着语素和自由语素的区别) 8.SSS_SINGLE_SELA aboardB beyondC beneathD without[Focus on word types]该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:A解析：A is an adverb, while the other three words are used as prepositions.(考查词类)9.SSS_SINGLE_SELA parent/childB teacher/studentC tree/forestD buyer/seller[Focus on the type of semantic relation]该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:C解析：Tree/forest have a semantic relationship of hyponymy, while the others are antonymy.(考查语义关系)10.SSS_SINGLE_SELA locutionary actB illocutionary actC perlocutionary actD elocutionary act[Focus on Austin"s trichotomy of speech act theory]该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:D解析：A, B and C are the three senses of Austin"s Speech Act Theory, while D is not. (考查奥斯汀的言语行为理论)11.SSS_SINGLE_SELA Quality MaximB Method MaximC Quantity MaximD Relation Maxim[Focus on Grice"s Cooperative Principle]该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:B解析：A, C and D are the three maxims in Grice"s Cooperative Principle, but B is not.(考查格赖斯的合作原则的四条准则)12.SSS_SINGLE_SELA Content of discourseB Mode of discourseC Tenor of discourseD Field of discourse[Focus on Halliday"s Register Theory]该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:A解析：B, C, and D are aspects of Halliday"s Register Theory, while A is not.(考查韩礼德的语域理论)3. 分析题1.Use the method of binary cutting(as used in the IC Analysis)to analyze the morphological or syntactic structure of thefollowing.(12/150)inconsistency(4/150)SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案：inconsistency 1 st cutting; in/consistency 2 nd cutting;in/consist//ency 3 rd cutting; in/con///sist//ency2.The scholar also argues that the spread of English is nothing neutral.(8/150)SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案：The scholar also argues that the spread of English isnothing neutral. 1 st cutting: The school/also argues that the spread of English is nothing neutral. 2 nd cutting; The school/alsoargues//that the spread of English is nothing neutral. 3 rd cutting; The school/also argues//that///the spread of English is nothing neutral. 4 th cutting; The school/also argues//that /// the spread of English////is////nothing neutral. 5 th cutting; The school/alsoargues//that///the spread /////ofEnglish////is////nothing/////neutral. 6 th cutting:The//////school/also//////argues//that///the//////spread/////of/Engli sh////is//// nothing/////neutral.3.What is metaphor? How does cognitive linguistics interpret it differently from traditional rhetoric? Use a few examples toillustrate how the farmer contributes to our understanding of language.(20/150)SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案：In traditional rhetoric, metaphor refers to the process of transferring qualities from one thing to another. In a metaphor, words like like and as do not appear. A metaphor makes a comparison between two unlike elements, and **parison is implied rather than stated.(4 points) In cognitive linguistics, metaphor involves**parison of two concepts in that one is constructed in terms of the other. It"s often described in terms of a target domain and a source domain. The target domain is the experience being described by the metaphor and the source domain is the means that we use in order to describe the experience.(4 points) Therefore, we can say that in traditional rhetoric, metaphor emphasizes the transfer of qualities, and the omission of words like like and as; whereas in cognitive linguistics, it emphasizes the different functions of the two domains.(2 points) For example, the sentence We"re wasting our time here. This sentence is based on a metaphor " Time is money" in which the target domain, TIME, is conceptualized in terms of the source domain of MONEY. Thus, we can understand abstract experiences in terms of more concrete ones. In cognitive linguistics, metaphors are represented by a simple formula; X is Y, in which X is the target domain and Y is the source domain. Take "Inflation is backing us into a corner" as another example. Regarding inflation as an entity allows human beings to refer to it, quantify it, identify it, treat it as a case, act with respect to it, and even believe that we understand it. It can help us deal with our experience.(10 points)解析：考查暗喻(隐喻)的定义，及其在认知语言学与传统修辞学中的不同。

英语专业英美文学试卷及答案期末

英语专业英美文学试卷及答案期末英美文学试卷 AI. Mark the following statements as true (T) or false (F). (10 x 1’=10’)1. ( ) Chaucer is the first English short-story teller and the founder of Englishpoetry as well as the founder of English realism. His masterpiece TheCanterbury tales contains 26 stories.2. ( ) English Renaissance is an age of essay and drama.3. ( ) The rise of the modern novel is closely related to the rise of the middleclass and an urban life.4. ( ) The French Revolution and the American War of Independence were two biginfluences that brought about the English Romantic Movement.5. ( ) Charlotte’s novels are all about lonely and neglected young women witha fierce longing for life and love. Her novels are more or less based on herown experience and feelings and the life as she sees around.6. ( ) The leading figures of the naturalism at the turn of 19th century are ThomasHardy, John Galsworthy and Bernard Shaw.7. ( ) Emily Dic kinson is remembered as the “All American Writer”.8. ( )The Civil War divides the American literature into romantic literature andrealist literature.9. ( ) Mark Twain is the first American writer to discover an American languageand American consciousness.10. ( ) In the decade of the 1910s, American literature achieved a new diversityand reached its greatest heights.II. Fill in the blanks. (20 x 1’=20’)11. The most enduring shaping influence in American thought and American literature was ___________.12. The War of Independence lasted eight years till__________.13. Ralph Waldo Emerson's essay__________ has been regarded as "America's Declaration of Intellectual Independence".?? It called on American writers to write about America in a way peculiarly American.14. The American ___________ writers paid a great interest in the realities of life and described the integrity of human c haracter reacting under various circumstances and pictured the pioneers of the Far West, the new immigrants and the struggles ofthe working class. The leading figures were ____________, ____________, ____________, ____________, etc.15. No period in American history is more eventful than that between the two worldwars. The literary features of the time can be seen in the writings of those ________ writers as Ezra Pound, and the writers of the Lost Generation as ___________.16. Two features of English Renaissance are the curiosity for ___________ and theinterest in the activities of _____________________.17. Sha kespeare’s earliest great success in tragedy is ____________, a play of youth and love, with the famous balcony scene.18. There are three types of poets in 17th century English literature. They are Puritan poets, ___________ poets and ______________ poets.19. Pope’s An Essay on Criticism is a didactic poem w ritten in ___________________.20. ___________ has been regarded by some as “Father of the English Novel” for his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel.21. “Beauty is truth, truth beauty” is an epigrammatic line by _______________.22. Lawrence’s most controversial novel is ___________, the best probably_________.III. Multiple choice. (20 x 1’=20’)23. Among the three major works by John Milton ________ is indeed the only generally acknowledged epic in English literature since Beowulf.A. Paradise RegainedB. Samson AgonistesC. LycidasD. Paradise Lost24. Francis Bacon’s essays are famous for their brevity, compactness and __________.A. complicityB. complexityC. powerfulnessD. mildness25. As one of the greatest masters of English prose, _______ defined a good styleas “proper words in proper places”.A. Henry FieldingB. Jonathan SwiftC. Samuel JohnsonD. Alexander Pope26. The Pilgrim’s Progress by John Bunyan is often said to be concerned with thesearch for _________.A. material wealthB. spiritual salvationC. universal truthD. self-fulfillment27. “It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of agood fortune must be in want of a wife.” The quoted part is taken from _________.A. Jane EyreB. Wuthering HeightsC. Pride and PrejudiceD. Sense and Sensibility28. Which of the following poems is a landmark in English poetry?A. Lyrical Ballads by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor ColeridgeB. “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” by William WordsworthC. “Remorse” by Samuel Taylor ColeridgeD. Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman29. The most distinguishing feature of Charles Dickens’works is his _________.A. simple vocabularyB. bitter and sharp criticismC. character-portrayalD. pictures of happiness30. “My Last Duchess”is a poem t hat best exemplifies Robert Browning’s ________.A. sensitive ear for the sounds of the English languageB. excellent choice of wordsC. mastering of the metrical devicesD. use of the dramatic monologue31. ________ is the most outstanding stream of consciousness novelist, with ______as his encyclopedia-like masterpiece.A James Joyce, UlyssesB. . Foster, A Passage to IndiaC. D. H. Lawrence, Sons and loversD. Virginia Woolf, Mrs. Dalloway32. Which of the following comments on Charles Dickens is wrong?A. Dickens is one of the greatest critical realist writers of the Modern PeriodB. His serious intention is to expose and criticize all the poverty, injustice,hypocrisy and corruptness he sees all around him.C. The later works show the development of Dickens towards a highly conscious artistof the modern type.D. A Tale of Two Cities is one of his late works.33. _____w as known as “the poets’ poet”．A. William ShakespeareB. Edmund SpenserC. John DonneD. John Milton34. Which of the following poet belongs to the active Romantic poet?A. KeatsB. SoutheyC. WordsworthD. Coleridge35. ______ is regarded today as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons.A. BeowulfB. The Canterbury TalesC. Don JuanD. Paradise Lost36. ___________ is the first modern American novel.A. Tom SawyerB. Huckleberry FinnC. The Sketch BookD. The Leatherstocking Tales37. Which of the following statements is NOT true of American Transcendentalism?A. It can be clearly defined as a part of American Romantic literary movement.B. It can be defined philosophically as “the recognition in man of the capacityof knowing truth intuitively”.C. Ralph Waldo Emerson was the chief advocate of this spiritual movement.D. It sprang from South America in the late l9th century.38. The theme of Washington Irving’s Rip Van Winkle is _________.A. the conflict of human psycheB. the fight against racial discriminationC. the familial conflictD. the nostalgia for the unrecoverable past39. The Nobel Prize Committee highly praised ________ for “his powerful style-forming mastery of the art” of creating modern diction.A. Ezra PoundB. Ernest HemingwayC. Robert FrostD. Theodore Dreiser40. Who exerts the single most important influence on literary naturalism?A. EmersonB. Jack LondonC. Theodore DreiserD. Darwin41. ________ is NOT true in describing American naturalists.A. they were deeply influenced by DarwinismB. they were identified with French novelist and theorist Emile ZolaC. they chose their subjects for the lower ranks or societyD. they used more serious and more sympathetic tone in writing than realists42. Henry James’ｓfame generally rests upon his novels and stories with ________.A. international themeB. national themeC. European themeD. regional themeIV. Explain the following literary items.(4x 5’=20’)43.Spenserian Stanza/doc/4614326257.html,ke Poets45.Humanism46.BalladV. Questions. (3x 10’=30’)47. “Robinson Crusoe”is usually considered as Daniel Defoe’s masterpiece. Discuss why it became so successful when it was published?48. What is "Byronic hero"?49. Mark Twain and Henry James are two representatives of the realistic writers inAmerican literat ure. How is Twain ’s realism different form James ’s realism? 参考答案：I. Mark the following statements as true (T) or false (F).(本题共10空，每空1分，共10分) 1-5: FFTTT 6-10: FFTTFII. Fill in the blanks.(本题共20小题，每题1分，共20分) 11.(American) Puritanism 12.1783 13.The American Scholar 14.realistic; Mark Twain; Henry James; Jack London; Theodore Dreiser. 15.Imagist; Hemingway. 16.the classical literature; humanity. 17.Romeo and Juliet 18.Cavalier; Metaphysical 19.heroic couplet 20.Henry Fielding 21.John Keats /doc/4614326257.html,dy Chatterley ’ｓ lover ; The RainbowIII. Multiple choice.（本题共20小题，每题1分，共20分) IV. Explain the following literary items. （本题4小题,每小题5分,共20分）43. Spenserian Stanza: it refers to a verse form created by Edmund Spenser for his poems. Each stanza has nine lines. Each of the first eight lines is in iambicpentameter, and the ninth line is an iambic hexameter line. The rhythm scheme is题号23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 答案 D C B B C A C D A A B A A B D D B D D Aababbcbcc44. Lake Poets: it refers to those English romantic poets at the beginning of the19th century, William Wordsworth, for example, who lived in the heart of the LakeDistrict in the north-western part of England and enjoyed the experience of livingclose to nature, and these poets were the older generation of Romantic poets whohad been deeply influenced by the French Revolution of 1789 and its effects. In their writings, they described the beautiful scenes and the country people of the area.45. Humanism refers to the literary culture in the Renaissance.Humanists emphasize the capacities of the human mind and the achievements of human culture. Humanismbecame t he central theme of English Renaissance. Thomas More and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists.46. Ballad: a story told in songs, usually in 4-line stanzas, with the second andfourth rhymed.V. Questions.（本题3小题,每小题10分,共30分）47.A: Robinson Crusoe is supposedly based on the real adventure of an Alexander Selkirk who once stayed alone on the uninhabited island for five year4s. Actually, the story is an imagination.B: In Robinson Crusoe, Defoe traces the growth of Robinson from a na?ve and artless youth into a shrewd and hardened man, tempered by numerous trials in his eventfullife.C. In the novel, Robinson is a real hero and he is an embodiment of the risingmiddle-class virtues in the mid-eighteenth century England. Robinson is a trueempire-builder, a colonizer and a foreign trader, who has the courage and will toface hardships and who has determination to preserve himself and improve his livelihood by struggling against nature.D. Robinson Crusoe is an adventure story very much i n the spirit of the time. Because of the above reasons, when it was published, people all liked that story, and itbecame an immediate success.48. Byronic hero is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin. With immensesuperiority in his passions and powers, this Byronic hero would carry on his shoulders the burden of righting all the wrongs in a corrupt society, and would rise single-handedly against any kind of tyrannical rules wither in government, in religion, or in moral principles with unconquerable wills and inexhaustible energies. The conflict is usually one of rebellious individuals against outworn social systems and conventions. Such a hero appeared in many o f his works, for example, "Don Juan". The figure is somewhat modeled on the life and personality of Byron himself, andmakes Byron famous both at home and abroad.49.A. Mark Twain’s realism is tainted with local color, preferring to have his wonregion and people at the forefront of his stories.B. James’s realism is concerned with the “inner world”of man and the international theme.C. Twain’s language is simple and colloquial and he employs humor in his writing.D. James’s language is elaborate and refined with lengthy psychological analyses.。

南京大学外国语学院《963英语语言学》历年考研真题及详解专业课考试试题

四组术语，24分。

1.phoneme vs. allophone2.homonymy vs. homophony3.illocutionary act vs. perlocutionary actnguage switch vs. L1 transfer第二题，选择题，考察的都是基础知识，10小题，共30分。

第三题，分析题。

给出几个句子，要求先填写名词前的冠词或复数后缀-s；然后总结出使用冠词或复数后缀-s的一般模式（common pattern）。

第四题，分析题，考察的知识点是歧义（ambiguity）。

给出两句话，要求先回答这两句话有无歧义，并写出每句话的不同理解，再分析这两句话产生歧义的原因是否相同。

第五题，分析题，考察隐喻。

[考研类试卷]2010年南京大学英语专业(语言学)真题试卷.doc

[考研类试卷]2010年南京大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷一、区分题1 Distinguish the following pairs of terms. Clarify the differences with appropriate examples.(20/150)homonymy vs. polysemy2 entailment vs. presupposition3 surface structure vs. deep structure4 endophoric reference vs. exophoric reference二、单项选择题5 For each group of items in the following, point out which item does not fall under the same category as the rest and explain the reason in ONE sentence.（A）expensive（B）repeat（C）spring（D）conspiracy[Focus on the pronunciation of "p"]（A）considerate（B）tonicity（C）pointless（D）inconsistency[Focus on the pronunciation of "n"]（A）numbers（B）classrooms（C）islands（D）laptops[Focus on the pronunciation of "s"] （A）competent（B）principal（C）individual（D）animate[Focus on the location of the stress]（A）/f/（B）/p/（C）/d/（D）/g/[Focus on the classification of consonants] （A）provide（B）supply（C）offer（D）accuse[Focus on transitivity]（A）receive（B）enable（C）revolutionary（D）proceed[Focus on the type of morphemes]（A）aboard（B）beyond（C）beneath（D）without[Focus on word types]（A）parent/child（B）teacher/student（C）tree/forest（D）buyer/seller[Focus on the type of semantic relation]（A）locutionary act（B）illocutionary act（C）perlocutionary act（D）elocutionary act[Focus on Austin's trichotomy of speech act theory] （A）Quality Maxim（B）Method Maxim（C）Quantity Maxim（D）Relation Maxim[Focus on Grice's Cooperative Principle]（A）Content of discourse（B）Mode of discourse（C）Tenor of discourse（D）Field of discourse[Focus on Halliday's Register Theory]三、分析题17 Use the method of binary cutting(as used in the IC Analysis)to analyze the morphological or syntactic structure of the following.(12/150)inconsistency(4/150)18 The scholar also argues that the spread of English is nothing neutral.(8/150)19 What is metaphor? How does cognitive linguistics interpret it differently from traditional rhetoric? Use a few examples to illustrate how the farmer contributes to our understanding of language.(20/150)20 What do Brown and Levinson(1987)mean by "positive face" and "negative face"? Study the following utterances and decide which type of face is being attended to in each utterance. Support each of your decisions with a brief explanation.(20/150)(1)Come here, Johnny.(2)Passengers please refrain from smoking.(3)I just want to ask you if I can use your bike.(4)You must be tired after the long flight. Shall we talk about the contract tomorrow?21 Academic writing is supposed to be formal in style. However, colloquialisms of various kinds abound in Chinese learners' theses. Study the following excerpt from a postgraduate student's B. A. thesis. Point out those linguistic forms that are too colloquial to be appropriate. What might be the major causes for the use of the inappropriate language style? What advice do you have for teachers of English?(22/150)Presidents' inaugural address is an art that maybe includes all the skills of public speaking. How do American Presidents make their addresses attractive and persuasive? Do they have some skills or secrets of success on public speaking? Yes, I think so. I think many people who have great talent in public speaking make concerted effort to construct such a perfect text. That is to say, they check wording and phrasing, use all kinds of figures of speech as long as they need. So inaugural addresses show their especial charm to appeal to millions of fellow citizens.In this research, I'll try to prove that rhetoric techniques are frequently used in the speeches and play indispensable roles in making a good inaugural address. But it's obviously a "mission impossible" to study the whole family of rhetoric techniques ininaugural addresses. So I'll only choose one important and active member in the rhetoric family—metaphor, because it's used most frequently in presidents' inaugural addresses, and I'll use three American presidents' inaugural addresses as my samples.I hope that through my research I can find out the usage of metaphors in those addresses, and what effects they make respectively on the theme the addressers want to deliver. And I also hope that the comparison and contrast among the three different speeches will give us some clues about the change of American's political, economic, municipal, and diplomatic tactics in different periods.22 What is euphemism? Define it briefly in your own words. Then, study the following euphemistic expressions carefully and write out their non-euphemistic equivalents in the thirdcolumn.(16/150)23 The following statements are some items listed in a questionnaire designed to investigate Chinese high school students' motivation in learning English. Read these statements and fulfill three tasks: 1)provide your definition of motivation in language learning; 2)categorize the statements in relation to different types of motivation; and3)based on your definition of motivation, add at least TWO more items to the questionnaire(You can write the items in Chinese).(16/150)1．我学英语是因为英语是必修课。

2009年南京大学英语专业(英美文学)真题试卷.doc

2009年南京大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷(总分：38.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、填空题(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.Author 1 Title 2Ten Thousand saw I at a glance, Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________2.Author 1 Title 2It was now midnight, and my task was drawing to a close. I had completed the eighth, the ninth and the tenth tier. I had finished a portion of the last and the eleventh; there remained but a single stone to be fitted and plastered in.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________3.Author 1 Title 2Roger edged past the Chief, only just avoiding pushing him with his shoulder. The yelling ceased, and Samneric lay looking up in quiet terror. Roger advanced upon them as one wielding a nameless authority.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________4.Author 1 Title 2I shall be telling this with a sigh Somewhere ages and ages hence;Tow roads diverged in a wood, and I—I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________5.Author 1 Title 2The two waiters inside the cafe knew that the old man was a little drunk, and while he was a good client they knew that if he became too drunk he would leave without paying, so they kept watch on him.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________6.Author 1 Title 2Uncle Oscar took both Bassett and Paul into Richmond Park for an afternoon, and there they talked.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________7.Author 1 Title 2He decided to rest her in a clump of trees during the afternoon, and push onward under cover of darkness. At dusk Clare purchased food as usual, and their night march began, the boundary between Upper and Mid-Wessex being crossed about eight o" clock.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________8.Author 1 Title 2What thoughts I have of you tonight, Walt Whitman, for I walked down the sidestreets under the trees with a headache self-conscious looking at the full moon.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________9.Author 1 Title 2I would not have gone back to Joe now, I would not have gone back to Biddy now, for any consideration: simply, I suppose, because my sense of my own worthless conduct to them was greater than every consideration.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________10.Author 1 Title 2And though your graciousness might stream,And I contrive,Grandmother, stones are nothing of homeTo that spumiest dove.Against both bar and tower the black sea runs.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________二、问答题(总题数：5，分数：16.00)11.What does "Araby" mean? Discuss its significance as the tide of the story.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 12.What is the symbolic meaning of the tiger in William Blake" s "The Tyger" ?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________13.Emerson states; "Let a man then know his worth, and keep things under his feet. " This indicates the author" s belief in real virtue. Please make comments on this line.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 14.Why did F. Scott Fitzgerald use "great" to modify the protagonist" s name Gatsby in the title of his novel The Great Gatsby?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ Moon Landing It" s natural the Boys should whoop it up for so huge a phallic triumph, an adventure it would not have occurred to women to think worth while, made possible onlybecause we like huddling in gangs and knowing the exact time: yes, our sex may in fairness hurrah the deed, although the motives that primed it were somewhat less than menschlich.A grand gesture. But what does it period? What does it osse? We were always adroiter with objects than lives, and more facile at courage than kindness; from the moment the first flint was flaked this landing was merely a matter of time. But our selves, like Adam" s, still don" t fit us exactly, modernonly in this—Our lack of decorum.Homer" s heroes were certainly no braver than our Trio, but more fortunate: Hector was excused the insult of having his valor covered by television.Worth going to see? I can well believe it. Worth seeing? Mneh! I once rode through a desert and was not charmed: give me a watered lively garden, remote from blatherersabout the New, the von Brauns and their ilk, where on August mornings I can count the morning glories where to die has a meaning, and no engine can shift my perspective.Unsmudged, thank God, my Moon still queens the Heavensas She ebbs and fulls, a Presence to glop at,Her Old Man, made of grit not protein,still visits my Austrian severalwith His old detachment, and the old warningsstill have power to scare me: Hybris comes toan ugly finish, Irreverenceis a greater oaf than Superstition.Our apparatniks will continue makingthe usual squalid mess called History:all we can pray for is that artists,chefs and saints may still appear to blithe it.(1969)（分数：8.00）(1).What does the speaker mean in lines 1 -4? Do you agree with these sentiments?(4%)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (2).Besides being a satellite or a celestial body, what else does the moon suggest?(2%)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (3).What does the speaker think of science and technology? Does his opinion conform to or conflict with your ideas about the American space program?(4%)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (4).In the poem, the poet questions the wisdom of the 1969 moon landing. Write a short essay in which you discuss whether the United States should or should not continue space exploration.(10%)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________三、评论题(总题数：1，分数：2.00)15.Essay Question.(50 %) Bildunsroman refers to "novel of formation" or "novel of education". The subject of Bildunsroman, according to M. H. Abrams, is "the development of the protagonist" s mind and character, in the passage from childhood through varied experiences—and often through a spiritual crisis—into maturity, which usually involves recognition of one" s identity and role in the world". Choose a typical Bildunsroman you have read, and write a critical essay.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________。

[考研类试卷]2009年南京大学英语专业(英美文学)真题试卷.doc

[考研类试卷]2009年南京大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷一、填空题1 Author______ Title______Ten Thousand saw I at a glance,Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.2 Author______ Title______It was now midnight, and my task was drawing to a close. I had completed the eighth, the ninth and the tenth tier. I had finished a portion of the last and the eleventh; there remained but a single stone to be fitted and plastered in.3 Author______ Title______Roger edged past the Chief, only just avoiding pushing him with his shoulder. The yelling ceased, and Samneric lay looking up in quiet terror. Roger advanced upon them as one wielding a nameless authority.4 Author______ Title______I shall be telling this with a sighSomewhere ages and ages hence;Tow roads diverged in a wood, and I—I took the one less traveled by,And that has made all the difference.5 Author______ Title______The two waiters inside the cafe knew that the old man was a little drunk, and while he was a good client they knew that if he became too drunk he would leave without paying, so they kept watch on him.6 Author______ Title______Uncle Oscar took both Bassett and Paul into Richmond Park for an afternoon, and there they talked.7 Author______ Title______He decided to rest her in a clump of trees during the afternoon, and push onward under cover of darkness. At dusk Clare purchased food as usual, and their night march began, the boundary between Upper and Mid-Wessex being crossed about eight o' clock.8 Author______ Title______What thoughts I have of you tonight, Walt Whitman, for I walked down the sidestreets under the trees with a headache self-conscious looking at the full moon.9 Author______ Title______I would not have gone back to Joe now, I would not have gone back to Biddy now, for any consideration: simply, I suppose, because my sense of my own worthless conduct to them was greater than every consideration.10 Author______ Title______And though your graciousness might stream,And I contrive,Grandmother, stones are nothing of homeTo that spumiest dove.Against both bar and tower the black sea runs.二、问答题11 What does "Araby" mean? Discuss its significance as the tide of the story.12 What is the symbolic meaning of the tiger in William Blake' s "The Tyger" ?13 Emerson states; "Let a man then know his worth, and keep things under his feet. " This indicates the author' s belief in real virtue. Please make comments on this line.14 Why did F. Scott Fitzgerald use "great" to modify the protagonist' s name Gatsby in the title of his novel The Great Gatsby?14 Moon LandingIt' s natural the Boys should whoop it up forso huge a phallic triumph, an adventureit would not have occurred to womento think worth while, made possible onlybecause we like huddling in gangs and knowingthe exact time: yes, our sex may in fairnesshurrah the deed, although the motivesthat primed it were somewhat less than menschlich.A grand gesture. But what does it period?What does it osse? We were always adroiterwith objects than lives, and more facileat courage than kindness; from the momentthe first flint was flaked this landing was merelya matter of time. But our selves, like Adam' s,still don' t fit us exactly, modernonly in this—Our lack of decorum.Homer' s heroes were certainly no braverthan our Trio, but more fortunate: Hectorwas excused the insult of havinghis valor covered by television.Worth going to see? I can well believe it.Worth seeing? Mneh! I once rode through a desertand was not charmed: give me a wateredlively garden, remote from blatherersabout the New, the von Brauns and their ilk, whereon August mornings I can count the morningglories where to die has a meaning,and no engine can shift my perspective.Unsmudged, thank God, my Moon still queens the Heavensas She ebbs and fulls, a Presence to glop at,Her Old Man, made of grit not protein,still visits my Austrian severalwith His old detachment, and the old warningsstill have power to scare me: Hybris comes toan ugly finish, Irreverenceis a greater oaf than Superstition.Our apparatniks will continue makingthe usual squalid mess called History:all we can pray for is that artists,chefs and saints may still appear to blithe it.(1969)15 What does the speaker mean in lines 1 -4? Do you agree with these sentiments?(4%)16 Besides being a satellite or a celestial body, what else does the moon suggest?(2%)17 What does the speaker think of science and technology? Does his opinion conform to or conflict with your ideas about the American space program?(4%)18 In the poem, the poet questions the wisdom of the 1969 moon landing. Write a short essay in which you discuss whether the United States should or should not continue space exploration.(10%)三、评论题19 Essay Question.(50 %)Bildunsroman refers to "novel of formation" or "novel of education". The subject of Bildunsroman, according to M. H. Abrams, is "the development of the protagonist' s mind and character, in the passage from childhood through varied experiences—and often through a spiritual crisis—into maturity, which usually involves recognition of one' s identity and role in the world". Choose a typical Bildunsroman you have read, and write a critical essay.。

南京大学大学英语统考B下unit1（100分）

南京⼤学⼤学英语统考B下unit1（100分）您的总分是：100交际⽤语（共5⼩题，每⼩题4分，满分20分）1.— Thank you for helping me with my homework.— ______A.Never mind.B.My pleasure.C.Quite right.D.Don’t thank me.【批阅】回答正确！【答案】B2.— Excuse me, how much is the dress?—It’s 258 yuan. ______A.Oh, no. That’s OK!B.Will you take it?C.Which one do you prefer?D.Would you like to try it on?【批阅】回答正确！【答案】D3.—It’s rather hot in here. Do you mind if I open the window?— ______A.Yes, please.B.No, go ahead.C.Sure, please.D.I don’t like it.【批阅】回答正确！【答案】B4.— Could I speak to Susan Mayer, please?— ______A.Speaking, please.B.Oh, who are you?C.I am listening.D.I am Susan.【批阅】回答正确！【答案】A5.— I was worried about my English, but Mr. Allen gave me an A.— ______A.Don’t worry about it.B.Mr. Allen is so kind.C.Congratulations!D.Good luck.【批阅】回答正确！【答案】C阅读理解（共10⼩题，每⼩题3分，满分30分）Passage 1The body of an animal may well be compared with some machine like a locomotive engine（机车）. Indeed, the animal body is a machine. It is a machine composed of many parts doing some particular kind of work for which a particular kind of structure fits it.All the parts are dependent on each other and work together for the accomplishment of the total business of the machine. The locomotive must be provided with fuel, such as coal or wood or other combustible（易燃的）substance, the consumption of which provides the force or energy of the machine. The animal body must be provided with fuel, which is called food, which similarly provides the energy of the animal.Oxygen must be provided for the combustion of the fuel in the locomotive and of the food in the body. The locomotive is composed of special parts: the fire box for the storage and combustion （燃烧）of fuel; the steam pipes for the carriage of steam; the wheels for locomotion（移动）; the chimney for throwing off waste.The animal body is similarly composed of such parts as the stomach for the storage and digestion of food, the organs for the throwing off of waste water, the blood vessels for the carriage of oxygen and food-holding blood, the legs or wings for locomotion.6. The body of an animal is like a locomotive in that ______.A.it is composed of many parts that work just like different parts of a locomotiveB.it can do some particular kind of workC.it works like all the machines in the worldD.both the animal and the locomotive need coal or wood as their fuel【批阅】回答正确！【答案】A7. Every part of the animal body ______.A.works independentlyB.works dependently on each otherC.looks like the same as that of a machineD.has the same structure as that of a machine【批阅】回答正确！【答案】B8. The energy of an animal is provided by ______.A.throwing off wasteB.the combustion of fuels such as coal or woodC.consumption of foodD.the carriage of blood【批阅】回答正确！【答案】C9. The function of animal’s legs is like ______ of a machine.A.the wheelsB.chimneyC.steam pipesD.the fire box【批阅】回答正确！【答案】A10. The steam pipes of a locomotive work like the ______ of an animal body.A.stomachB.blood vesselsC.legsD.wings【批阅】回答正确！【答案】BPassage 2At some time in your life you may have a strong desire to do something. However, chances are that you don’t act on our impulse（冲动）, but let it pass instead. You know that to commit the action is wrong in some way and that other people will not accept your behavior. Perhaps the most interesting thing about the phenomenon of taboo（禁忌）behavior is how it can change over the years within the same society, how certain behavior and attitudes once considered taboo can become perfectly acceptable and natural at another point of time.One of the newest taboos in the American society is the topic of fat. Unlike many other taboos, fat is a topic that Americans talk about constantly. It’s not taboo to talk about fat; it’s taboo to be fat. The “in” look is thin, not fat. I n the work world, most companies prefer youthful-looking, thin（苗条）executives（经理）to sell their image as well as their products to the public. The fat person, on the other hand, is thought of as lazy and lacking in energy and self-respect. After all, people think, how can people who care about themselves, and therefore the way they look, permit themselves to become fat? In an image-conscious society like the US, thin is “in”, fat is “out”.11. From the passage, we know that taboo is ______.A.a strong desire to do something strange or terribleB.a crime committed on impulseC.a behavior considered unacceptable by the publicD.an unfavorable impression left on other people【批阅】回答正确！【答案】C12. Based on the ideas presented in the passage we can infer that “being fat” ______ in American society.A.will always remain a tabooB.is no longer a taboo any moreC.has long been a tabooD.has not been considered a taboo by most people【批阅】回答正确！【答案】A13. The topic of fat is ______ many other taboo subjects.A.the same asB.more popular thanC.different fromD.less often talked about【批阅】回答正确！【答案】C14. The words “in” and “out” (last line) mean ______.A.inside and outsideB.diligent and lazyC.beginning and endingD.fashionable and unfashionable【批阅】回答正确！【答案】D15. The expression “image-conscious” society can be replaced by ______.A.fast-developing society which is built on a clear imageB.the society in which image has been attached importance toC.the society whose image has been reined because of moneyD.very imaginative society with nice appearance【批阅】回答正确！【答案】B语法词汇（共5⼩题，每⼩题4分，满分20分）16. A pair of black trousers ______ what I want to buy in the department store.A.isB.areC.hasD.have【批阅】回答正确！【答案】A17. At that time, Mary ______ on her holiday with her family in Hawaii.A.isB.wasC.has beenD.is being【批阅】回答正确！【答案】B18. So little ______ about physics that I was totally confused by the book.A.did I knowB.I had knownC.did I knewD.I know【批阅】回答正确！【答案】A19. Generally speaking, it is unwise to give a child ______ he or she wants.A.howeverB.wheneverC.whicheverD.whatever【批阅】回答正确！【答案】D20. Who should be responsible ______ the polluted earth?A.inB.onC.forD.of【批阅】回答正确！【答案】C完形填空（共10⼩题，每⼩题3分，满分30分）Modern zoos are very different from zoos that were 21 fifty years ago. At that time, zoos were places 22 people could go to see animals from many parts of the world. The animals lived in cages that were made 23 iron bars, and were easy to keep clean. Unfortunately for the animals, the 24 were small and impossible to hide in.The zoo environment was 25 natural. 26 the zoo keepers took good care of the animals and fed them well, many of the animals did not thrive; they behaved in strange ways, and they often became ill.In modern zoos, people can see animals in 27 natural habitats. The animals are given more 28 in large areas so that they can live more 29 as they would in the natural world. Even the appearance of zoos has changed. Trees and grass are planted in the cages, and streams of water are flowing 30 the areas.21<>A.buildB.builtC.buildingD.been built【批阅】回答正确！【答案】B22A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where【批阅】回答正确！【答案】D23A.fromB.intoC.ofD.up of【批阅】回答正确！【答案】C24A.cagesB.zoosC.cavesD.space【批阅】回答正确！【答案】A25A.onlyB.anything onlyC.butD.anything but 【批阅】回答正确！【答案】D 26A.DespiteB.SinceC.Now thatD.Although【批阅】回答正确！【答案】D27A.moreB.lessC.muchD.very【批阅】回答正确！【答案】A28A.freedomB.foodC.drinksD.independence 【批阅】回答正确！【答案】A29A.silently/doc/187541570912a2161479297f.html fortablyC.easilyD.dependently【批阅】回答正确！【答案】B30A.acrossB.crossC.throughD.below【批阅】回答正确！【答案】A翻译31. Traveling by train is slower than by plane, but it has its advantages.【答案】31. 坐⽕车旅⾏⽐坐飞机慢，但它也⾃有好处。

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2010年南京大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷(总分：86.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、填空题(总题数：35，分数：70.00)1.Keats" major achievement, and one of the major achievements in English literature, is the sequence of 1that he wrote in his time.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________2.Thomas Gray was the leader of the sentimental poetry, known as " 1".（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________3.Theodore Dreiser"s first novel is 1.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________4.Eugene O"Neill"s 1is a play that concerns the problem of Yank"s identity.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________5. 1of the 1920s characterized by frivolity and carelessness is brought vividly to life in The Great Gatsby(1925).（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________6.The term " 1" is commonly used to name the work of the 17th-century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________7. 1defines the poet as " man speaking to men," and poetry as " the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings which originates in emotion recollected in tranquility. "（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________8.The most clearly defined Romantic literary movement in the U. S. is New England 1.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________9.Walt Whitman is radically innovative in term of the form of his poetry. What he prefers for his new subject and new poetic feelings is " 1".（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________10.In English literature, 1"s novels blend industrial and rural settings magnificently. He had written about the frustration of desires and there is obvious sexual application in his work.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________11.Author 1Title 2 Virtues are, in the popular estimate, rather the exception than the rule. There is the man and his virtues. Men do what is called a good action, as some piece of courage or charity, much as they would pay a fine in expiation of daily non-appearance on parade.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________12.Author 1Title It was a circumstance to be noted, on the summer morning when our story begins its course, that the women, of whom there were several in the crowd, appeared to take a peculiar interest in whatever penal infliction might be expected to ensue. The age had not so much refinement, that any sense of impropriety restrained the wearers of petticoat and farthingale from stepping forth into the public ways, and wedging their not unsubstantial persons, if occasion were, into the throng nearest to the scaffold at an execution.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________13.Author 1Title 2 It is not probable that this monomania in him took its instant rise at the precise time of his bodily dismemberment. Then, in darting at the monster, knife in hand, he had but given loose to a sudden passionate, corporal animosity; and when he receive the stroke that tore him, he probably but felt the agonizing bodily laceration, but nothing more.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________14.Author 1Title 2 What the hammer? What the chain? In what furnace was thy brain?What the anvil? What dread grasp Dare its deadly terrors clasp?（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________15.Author 1Title 2 And on that cheek, and o"er that brow, So soft, so calm, yet eloquent,The smiles that win, the tints that glow, But tell of days in goodness spent, A mind at peace with all below, A heart whose love is innocent!（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________16.Author 1Title 2 If only she hadn"t been that robust woman but a woman, in her middle years, with an incurable complaint of the heart. Then of course it wouldn"t have been terrible or even difficult to have made that decision that night, it wouldn"t even have been the source for ever afterwards of confusion, mystery and remorse.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________17.Author 1Title 2 My little horse must think it queer To stop without a farmhouse near, Between the woods and frozen lake The darkest evening of the year.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________18.Author 1Title 2 In the day time the street was dusty, but at night the dew settled the dust and the old man liked to sit late because he was deaf and now at night it was quiet and he felt the difference. The two waiters inside the cafe knew that the old man was a little drunk, and while he was a good client they knew that if he became too drunk he would leave without paying, so they kept watch on him.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________19.Author 1Title 2 But oh! that deep romantic chasm which slanted Down the green hill athwarta cedarn cover! A savage place! as holy and enchanted As e"er beneath a waning moon was haunted By woman wailing for her demon-lover!（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________20.Author 1Title 2 Mr. Bennet was so odd a mixture of quick parts, sarcastic humour, reserve, and caprice, that the experience of three and twenty years had been insufficient to make his wife understand his character. Her mind was less difficult to develop. She was a woman of mean understanding, little information, and uncertain temper.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________21.Author 1Title 2 " Every one asks me what I " think" of everything" said Spencer Brydon; " andI make answer as I can—begging or dodging the question, putting them off with any nonsense. It wouldn"t matter to any of them really, " he went on, " for, even were it possible to meet in that stand-and-deliver way so silly a demand on so big a subject, my " thoughts" would still be almost altogether about something that concerns only myself. "（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________22.Author 1Title 2 My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still, My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will, The ship is anchor"d safe and sound, its voyage closed and done, From fearful trip the victor ship comes in with object won;（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________23.Author 1Title 2 In fairness to Charles it must be said that he sent to find Sam before he left the White Lion. But the servant was not in the taproom or the stables. Charles guessed indeed where he was. He could not send there; and thus he left Lyme without seeing him again. He got into his four-wheeler in the yard, and promptly drew down the blinds.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________24.Author 1Title 2 I found Simon Wheeler dozing comfortably by the bar-room stove of the old, dilapidated tavern in the ancient mining camp of Angel"s, and I noticed that he was fat and bald-headed, and had an expression of winning gentleness and simplicity upon his tranquil countenance. He roused up and gave me good-day.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________25.Author 1Title 2 Yossarian let his eyes fall closed and hoped they would think he was unconscious. "He"s fainted," he heard a doctor say. "Can"t we treat him now before it"s too late? He really might die. " "All right, take him. I hope the bastard does die. "（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________26.Author 1Title 2 I can give you that historical bird"s eye view. But I cannot explain the mystery of Leonard Side"s inheritance. Most of us know the parents or grandparents we come from. But we go back and back, forever; we go back all of us to the very beginning; in our blood and bone and brain we carry the memories of thousands of beings.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________27.Author 1Title 2 The store in which the Justice of the Peace"s court was sitting smelled of cheese. The boy, crouched on his nail keg at the back of the crowded room, knew he smelled cheese, and more: from where he sat could see the ranked shelves close-packed with the solid, squat, dynamic shapes of tin cans whose labels his stomach read, not from the lettering which meant nothing to his mind...（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________28.Author 1Title 2 My mother danced all night and Roberta"s was sick. That"s why we were taken to St. Bonny"s. People want to put their arms around you when you tell them you were in a shelter, but it really wasn"t bad. No big long room with one hundred beds like Bellevue.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________29.Author 1Title 2 He had rolled a handkerchief round his head, and his face was set and lowering in his sleep. But he was asleep, and quietly too, though he had a pistol lying on the pillow. Assured of this, I softly removed the key to the outside of this door, and turned it on him before I again sat down by the fire. Gradually I slipped from the chair and lay on the floor . When I awoke, without having parted in my sleep with the perception of my wretchedness, the clocks of the Eastward churches were striking five, the candles were wasted out, the fire was dead, and the wind and rain intensified the thick black darkness.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________30.Author 1Title 2 He felt that his luck was better than usual today. When he had reported for work that morning he had expected to be shut up in the relief office at a clerk"s job, for he had been hired downtown as a clerk, and he was glad to have, instead, the freedom of the streets and welcomed, at least at first, the vigor of the cold and even the blowing of the hard wind. But on the other hand he was not getting on with the distribution of the checks.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________31.Author 1Title 2 Three men were at work on the roof, where the leads got so hot they had the idea of throwing water on to cool them. But the water steamed, then sizzled; and they make jokes about getting an egg from some woman in the flats under the flats under them, to poach it for their dinner.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________32.Author 1Title 2 The three women sat in the little room, imagined not remembered. Veronica detected in her mother"s cream-coloured dress just a touch of awkwardness, her grandmother"s ineptness at a trade for which she was not wholly suited, a shoulder out of true, a cuff awry, as so many buttons and cuffs and waistbands had been during the making-do in the time of austerity.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________33.Author 1Title 2 Unmarried men are best friends, best masters, best servants, but not always best subjects, for they are light to run away,and almost all fugitives are of that condition.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________34.Author 1Title 2 So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________35.Author 1Title 2 Spite, spite, is the word of your undoing! And when you"re down and out, remember what did it. When you"re rotting somewhere beside the railroad tracks, remember, and don"t you dare blame it on me!（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________二、问答题(总题数：6，分数：12.00)36.Briefly state the main ideas of Benjamin Franklin"s The Autobiography and give your comments on them.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 37.What are the qualities that Granny Weatherall has? In what way do such qualities help her live successfully?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 38.What does "the green light" symbolize in The Great Gatsby? Does it exist in reality? Explain your answer.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 39.What does T. S. Eliot"s idea of "an objective of correlative" mean to you?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 40.What does Virginia Woolf use to present the life of the titled character in her Mrs. Dalloway?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 41.What do you find admirable in Robinson Crusoe? Discuss briefly some of his traits.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________三、评论题(总题数：1，分数：2.00)pare Grief with Tears, Idle Tears, commenting particularly on the treatment of their themes.(30 points)1. GriefBy Elizabeth Barrett BrowningI tell you hopeless grief is passionless;That only men incredulous of despair,Half-taught in anguish, through the midnight airBeat upward to God"s throne in loud accessOf shrieking and reproach. Full desertnessIn souls, as countries, lieth silent-bareUnder the blanching, vertical eye-glareOf the absolute heavens. Deep-hearted man, expressGrief for thy dead in silence like to death:Most like a monumental statue setIn everlasting watch and moveless woeTill itself crumble to the dust beneath.Touch it; the marble eyelids are not wet—If it could weep, it could arise and go.2. Tears, Idle TearsBy Alfred, Lord TennysonTears, idle tears. I know not what they mean,Tears from the depth of some divine despairRise in the heart and gather to the eyes.In looking on the happy Autumn-fields.And thinking of the days that are no more.Fresh as the first beam glittering on a sail.That brings our friends up from the underworld,Sad as the last which reddens over oneThat sinks with all we love below the verge;So sad, so fresh, the days that are no more.Ah, sad and strange as in dark summer dawnsThe earliest pipe of half-awakened birdsTo dying ears, when unto dying eyesThe casement slowly grows a glimmering square;So sad, so strange, the days that are no more.Dear as remembered kisses after death, And sweet as those by hopeless fancy feignedOn lips that are for others; deep as love, Deep as first love, and wild with all regret; O Death in Life, the days that are no more!（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 作文43.Write a critical essay on the following topic.(30 points)Modernism is a reaction against realism. Discuss the features of modernism and illustrate your point with examples.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________。