大学专业英语杂志翻译(译文)

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大学英语社科类语篇翻译参考译文

大学英语社科类语篇翻译参考译文


一些业内人士认为 , 像微软和雅虎这样的公司进
入 Google 的地盘 , 它的技术优势将显得脆弱并
身处险 境。只有当用户更换一个产品需要花很大
的成本时 , 技术上的优势地位才可能得到长期保
持 , 如微软的操 作系统、英特尔的微处理器。

同时 ,Google 也开始涉足网上购物领域。去年底 ,
它创建了 Froogle 网站以帮助用户在网络空间中

不过,在“新秩序”中,丰富的法则应运而生。受其引
导的公司有如网景这样明智的公司,免费发放网络浏览
器,以便推动销售辅助服务或产品。同样昂贵的手
在网络经济中取得成功所需的素质可以一言以蔽之:一 种冲入味知领域的技能。

What we’re witnessing today in the realm

It is the combination of shrinking computers
and expanding communications that drive this
economic transformation. We have only seen
the beginnings of the anxiety, loss, excitement,
搜索图书、服装和任何在线销售产品。
of cyberspace --- the online reformulation of everything from the way we play and learn to how we shop and trade stocks--may represent no less a worldtransforming change than the spectacular burst of creation so long ago.

英语报刊杂志课文翻译汇总

英语报刊杂志课文翻译汇总

第一单元When the University of California at Los Angeles put Rep. Jerry Lewis (R-Calif.) on the cover of this winter’s alumni bulletin, it was a tribute to a distinguished graduate who is so close to his alma mater that he named his dog Bruin, after UCLA’s revered symbol.美国加州大学洛杉矶分校在今年冬季毕业生期刊封面刊登美国国会议员杰尔. 刘易斯(加州共和党人),对与其母校的关系密切得能用美国加州大学洛杉矶分校吉祥物将其宠狗取名为布轮熊的杰出毕业生大肆颂扬。

But the cover story, which was engineered in part by the University of California’s government relation office in Washington, was also a shrewd ploy to cement relations with a key member of the House Appropriations Committee.但是在某种程度上由加州大学华盛顿政府关系办公室策划的这一封面故事也是密切与美国国会众院拨款委员会某一关键委员的精明手段。

As Congress takes up President Bush’s fiscal 2005 budget proposal, which cuts some basic research programs vital to universities, the higher education community is using every lobbying tool at its disposal to protect its interests.在美国国会受理布什总统提交的砍掉了对大学至关重要的一些基本研究计划的2005财政年度预算案之际,高等教育团体无不竭尽游说之能来保护自己的利益。

大学各专业(中英对照)

大学各专业(中英对照)

Orientation in Linguistics 英语语言文学专业Orientation in British and American Literature 英美文学专业Orientation in Cultural and Media Studies 英语(文化与传播)专业Orientation in Advanced Translation andInterpreting英语(高级翻译)专业Orientation in International Convention,Exhibition and Tourism Management英语(国际会展与旅游)专业Orientation in Information Management 信息管理专业International Economics and Trade 国际经济与贸易Economics 经济学专业Statistics 统计学The Public Finance Major 财政学The Taxation Major 税务Business English 商务英语International Business 国际商务Business Administration 工商管理Marketing 市场营销Human Resources Management 人力资源管理Management of Logistics(Management ofInternational Purchasing)物流管理(国际采购)Logistic Management(Management ofInternational Logistics and Transportation)物流管理(国际物流与运输)Finance 金融学Finance(Investment and Financing) 投资学(投资与理财)专业Financial Engineering 金融工程专业Insurance 保险学Mathematics and Applied Mathematics(Financial mathematics and actuarial science) 数学与应用数学(金融数学与精算)The Accounting Major 会计学专业The Financial Management Major 财务管理专业The Auditing Major 审计学(注册会计师)专业Chinese Language(Senior InternationalSecretary)汉语言(高级涉外文秘)Chinese Language (Foreign-Related CultureManagement)汉语言(涉外文化管理)Teaching Chinese as ForeignLanguage(TCFL)对外汉语Chinese Language and Literature 汉语言文学Department of Law 法学专业Department of International Economic Law 国际经济法Department of Civil and Commercial Law 民商法专业Department of Intellectual Property Law 知识产权法Department of Diplomacy 外交学专业Department of International Politics 国际政治专业Computer Science and Technology 计算机科学与技术Software Engineering 软件工程专业Information Management & InformationSystem信息管理与信息系统Electronic Commerce 电子商务Public Affairs and Administration 公共事业管理Administration Management 行政管理Applied Psychology (majoring in ManagementPsychology)应用心理学Social Work (majoring in Urban SocialAdministration)社会工作专业BA in Journalism(International Journalism) 新闻学(国际新闻)BA in Advertising 广告学BA in the Art of Broadcasting and Hosting 播音与主持艺术专业Music Performance(Vocal Music) 音乐表演专业(声乐)Art Design (Visual Transmission Design)(Photoshop)Major 艺术设计(视觉传达设计)(数字影像设计)专业。

大学各种专业英语翻译

大学各种专业英语翻译

大学各种专业英语翻译大学各种专业英语翻译大全建筑学 Architecture文科及社会科学(提供18个) Arts & Social Sciences (Offering 18 Majors)生物工程 Bioengineering商业管理 Business Administration商业管理(会计) Business Administration with Accounting 化学工程 Chemical Engineering土木工程 Civil Engineering计算机工程 Computer Engineering计算机科学(提供6个专业) Computing (Offering 6 Majors) 牙科 Dentistry电力工程 Electrical Engineering工程学 Engineering工程科学 Engineering Science环境工程 Environmental Engineering工业设计 Industrial Design工业系统工程 Industrial & Systems Engineering法律 Law (Graduate LL.B. Programme)材料科学及工程 Materials Sciences & Engineering机械工程 Mechanical Engineering医学 Medicine护理学 Nursing药剂学 Pharmacy工程及设备管理 Project & Facilities Management房地产 Real Estate自然科学(提供15个专业) Science (Offering 15 Majors)【大学各种专业英语翻译大全】。

大学专业英语教材翻译

大学专业英语教材翻译

大学专业英语教材翻译IntroductionIn recent years, the demand for English language proficiency amongst university students has increased significantly. As a result, there has been a growing need for high-quality English textbooks specifically tailored to the needs of students studying various academic disciplines. This article aims to discuss the importance of translating university professional English textbooks and the challenges faced in this process.Importance of Translating University Professional English Textbooks1. Enhancing Language Proficiency: University professional English textbooks play a vital role in developing students' language skills in specific academic fields. By translating these textbooks into the students' native language, it becomes much easier for them to understand complex concepts and terminologies, thus enhancing their overall language proficiency.2. Promoting Accessibility: Translating university professional English textbooks makes education more accessible to non-native English speakers. It ensures that students, regardless of their language backgrounds, have equal opportunities to learn and excel in their chosen fields of study.3. Facilitating Learning Process: Translated textbooks provide students with a comprehensive understanding of subject matters, making the learning process more efficient and effective. It enables students to grasp complex theories and concepts more easily, thus enabling better academic achievement.Challenges in Translating University Professional English Textbooks1. Technical Terminologies: University professional English textbooks often contain discipline-specific technical terminologies, which can be challenging to accurately translate. Translators need to ensure that the translated terms retain their original meanings and accurately convey the intended message.2. Cultural Adaptation: Translating textbooks also involves adapting the content to fit the cultural context of the target language. Concepts or examples that are culturally specific in the source language may need to be modified or substituted to ensure they are culturally relevant and understandable to the target audience.3. Style and Tone Preservation: Translating professional English textbooks requires maintaining the appropriate style and tone of the original text. Translators must ensure that the translated text maintains the same level of formality and academic rigor to effectively communicate with the intended readership.ConclusionTranslating university professional English textbooks is of utmost importance in improving English language proficiency amongst university students. It promotes accessibility, facilitates the learning process, and enhances students' overall understanding of academic subjects. Despite the challenges faced in the translation process, it is essential to prioritize the translation of these textbooks to cater to the diverse linguistic needs of students. By ensuring accurate and culturally relevant translations, we can create a more inclusive and effective learning environment for all.。

新编大学英语1-2册课文翻译

新编大学英语1-2册课文翻译

新编大学英语(第二版)第一册阅读文参考译文以生命相赠1 炸弹落在了这个小村庄里。

在可怕的越南战争期间,谁也不知道这些炸弹要轰炸什么目标,而他们却落在了一所有传教士们办的小孤儿院内。

2 传教士和一两个孩子已经丧生,还有几个孩子受了伤,其中有一个小女孩,8岁左右,她的双腿被炸伤。

3 几小时后,医疗救援小组到了。

救援小组由一名年轻的美国海军医生和一名同样年轻的海军护士组成。

他们很快发现有个小女孩伤势严重。

如果不立即采取行动,显然她就会因失血过多和休克而死亡。

4 他们明白必须给小女孩输血,但是他们的医药用品很有限,没有血浆,因此需要相配血型的血。

快速的血型测定显示两名美国人的血型都不合适,而几个没有受伤的孤儿却有相配的血型。

5 这位医生会讲一点越南语,忽视会讲一点法语,但只有中学的法语水平。

孩子们不会说英语,只会说一点法语。

医生和护士用少得可怜的一点共同语言,结合大量的手势,努力向这些受惊吓的孩子们解释说,除非他们能输一些血给自己的小伙伴,否则她将必死无疑。

接着问他们是否有人愿意献血来救小女孩。

6 对医生和护士的请求,孩子们(只是)瞪大眼睛,一声不吭。

此时小病人生命垂危。

然而,只有这些受惊吓的孩子中有人自愿献血,他们才能够得到血。

过了好一会儿,一只小手慢慢地举了起来,然后垂了下去,一会儿又举了起来。

7 “噢,谢谢,”护士用法语说。

“你叫什么名字?”8 “兴,”小男孩回答道。

9 兴很快被抱到一张床上,手臂用酒精消毒后,针就扎了进去。

在整个过程中,兴僵直地躺着,没有出声。

10 过了一会儿,他发出了一声长长的抽泣,但立即用那只可以活动的手捂住了自己的脸。

11 “兴,疼吗?”医生问。

12 兴默默地摇了摇头,但一会儿忍不住又抽泣起来,并又一次试图掩饰自己的哭声。

医生又问是不是插在手臂上的针弄疼了他,兴又摇了摇头。

13 但现在,偶尔的抽泣变成了持续无声的哭泣。

他紧紧地闭着眼睛,用拳头堵住嘴想竭力忍住哭泣。

14 现在医疗小组非常担忧,因为针不该使他们的小输血者一直感到疼痛。

专业英语译文

专业英语译文

具体专业为(按照字母顺序):1. Accounting 会计2. Aerospace Studies 宇航研究3. Anesthesiology 麻醉学4. Anthropology 人类学5. Architecture & Planning 建筑学6. Art & Art History 艺术及艺术史7. Asian Studies 亚洲研究8. Ballet 芭蕾9. Biochemistry 生物化学10. Bioengineering 生物工程11. Biology 生物学12. Biomedical Informatics 生物医学13. Chemical Engineering 化工14. Chemistry 化学15. Civil & Environmental Engineering 民用环境工程16. Communication 新闻传播学17. Communication Sciences & Disorders 信息工程18. Computing 计算机19. Dance, Modern 现代舞20. Dental Education Program 牙医学21. Dermatology 皮肤病学22. Economics 经济学23. Education, Culture and Society 文化与社会教育学24. Educational Leadership & Policy 领导和政策教育学25. Educational Psychology 教育心理学26. Electrical & Computer Engineering 电子与计算工程学27. English 英语28. Environmental Engineering 环境工程29. Ethnic Studies 种族研究30. Exercise & Sport Science 运动科学31. Family & Consumer Studies 家庭与消费研究32. Family & Preventive Medicine 家庭与预防医学33. Film Studies 电影研究34. Finance 金融学35. Gender Studies 性别研究学36. Geography 地理学37. Geological Engineering 地质学38. Geology & Geophysics 地球物理学39. Health Promotion & Education 健康学40. History 历史学41. Honors College 荣誉学院42. Human Genetics 人类遗传学43. Internal Medicine 内科医学44. International Studies 国际研究45. Languages & Literature 语言与文学研究46. Law 法律47. Linguistics 语言学48. Management 管理学49. Marketing 市场学50. Materials Science & Engineering 材料科学51. Mathematics 数学52. Mechanical Engineering 机械工程学53. Medical Laboratory Sciences 医学试验科学54. Medicinal Chemistry 医药化学55. Metallurgical Engineering 冶金学56. Meteorology 气象学57. Military Science 军事学58. Mining Engineering 采矿工程学59. Music, School of 音乐60. Naval Science 海军科学61. Neurobiology & Anatomy 神经与解剖学62. Neurology 神经学63. Neurosurgery 神经外科学64. Nursing 护士65. Nurse Midwifery 助产学66. Nutrition 营养学67. Obstetrics & Gynecology 妇产学68. Occupational Therapy 治疗学69. Oncological Sciences癌症研究70. Ophthalmology 眼科学71. Orthopaedics 外科整形学72. Parks, Recreation & Tourism 旅游学73. Pathology 病理学74. Pediatrics 小儿科学75. Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Chemistry 制药学76. Pharmacology & Toxicology 药理学77. Pharmacotherapy 药物疗法学78. Pharmacy Services 药剂学79. Philosophy 哲学80. Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 内服药及康复学81. Physical Therapy 身体康复82. Physics 物理学83. Physiology 生理学84. Political Science 政治科学85. Psychiatry 精神病学86. Psychology 心理学87. Radiation Oncology 放射肿瘤学88. Radiology 放射学89. Social Work 社会工作90. Sociology 社会学91. Special Education 特殊教育92. Surgery 外科手术学93. Teaching & Learning 教育与学习学94. Theater 戏剧学。

Unit 1(大学英语读写译文4课文翻译)

Unit 1(大学英语读写译文4课文翻译)

Unit 1Text AMan in the Realm of Nature人在自然界Para. 1Human beings live in the realm of nature. They are constantly surrounded by it and interact with it.=人类生活在大自然的王国里。

他们时刻被大自然所包围并与之相互影响。

Man is constantly aware of the influence of nature in the form of the air he breathes, the water he drinks, and the food he eats.=人类呼吸的空气、喝下的水和摄入的食物,无一不令人类时刻感知到大自然的影响。

We are connected with nature by “blood” ties and we cannot live ourside nature.=我们与大自然血肉相连,离开大自然,我们将无法生存。

Para. 2Man is not only a dweller in nature, he also transforms it.=人类不仅生活在大自然之中,同时也在改变着大自然。

Humanity converts nature’s wealth into the means of the cultural, historical life of society.=人类把自然资源转变为各种文化,社会历史的财富。

Man has subdued and disciplined electricity and compelled it to serve the interests of society.=人类降服并控制了电,迫使它为人类社会的利益服务。

Not only has man transferred various species of plants and animals to different climatic conditions, he has also changed the shape and climate of his environment and transformed plants and animals. =人类不仅把各种各样的动植物转移到不同的气候环境,也改变了他生活环境的地貌和气候并使动植物因之而发生转变。

大学生英语教材全部翻译

大学生英语教材全部翻译

大学生英语教材全部翻译Introduction:In recent years, the demand for English education in universities has been growing rapidly. As a result, the development of English textbooks specifically designed for college students has become increasingly important. This article aims to provide a comprehensive translation of the entire content of a college English textbook, highlighting the significance of such materials in enhancing students' language proficiency and overall academic performance.Chapter 1: Listening Skills1.1 Listening ComprehensionThis section focuses on enhancing students' ability to understand various types of spoken English, ranging from casual conversations to academic lectures. Special attention is given to improving listening skills and acquiring key vocabulary.1.2 Listening PracticeStudents are exposed to authentic English audio materials, including interviews, news reports, and podcasts. In-class activities are designed to engage students actively and develop their listening skills through interactive exercises.Chapter 2: Speaking Skills2.1 Basic Oral CommunicationThis chapter aims to foster students' ability to engage in daily conversations, covering topics such as introducing oneself, making inquiries, and expressing opinions. Students are encouraged to actively participate in class discussions and present their own ideas.2.2 Academic DiscussionsIn this section, students learn to express their opinions on more complex and academic topics, such as social issues and scientific advancements. By engaging in debates and giving presentations, students develop critical thinking skills and gain confidence in expressing themselves in English.Chapter 3: Reading Skills3.1 Reading ComprehensionEmphasis is placed on enhancing students' reading strategies, including skimming, scanning, and understanding the main ideas of a given text. Students are exposed to various genres, such as newspaper articles, academic papers, and literary works.3.2 Vocabulary BuildingStudents acquire essential vocabulary through reading authentic texts. Word lists, contextual explanations, and interactive exercises are provided to facilitate vocabulary retention and usage.Chapter 4: Writing Skills4.1 Basic WritingStudents learn to write clear and coherent paragraphs, focusing on organizing ideas, using appropriate grammatical structures, and expressingopinions effectively. Practical writing tasks, such as emails and short essays, are assigned to reinforce language proficiency.4.2 Academic WritingThis section introduces students to the conventions of academic writing, including research papers, essays, and reports. Students are guided in conducting proper research, structuring arguments, and citing sources accurately, equipping them with essential skills for their future academic pursuits.Conclusion:A well-designed English textbook for college students plays a vital role in enhancing their overall language proficiency and academic performance. By providing comprehensive translation, this article aims to showcase the significance of such materials, allowing students to develop effective communication skills and succeed in their academic endeavors.。

英语报刊全文带翻译

英语报刊全文带翻译

英语报刊全文带翻译Title: The Impact of Social Media on Mental Health。

Social media has become an integral part of our daily lives, with millions of people using platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter to connect with others, share information, and stay up-to-date with news and events. While social media has many benefits, it has also beenlinked to negative effects on mental health. This articlewill explore the impact of social media on mental health, including the potential risks and benefits.Firstly, social media can have a negative impact on mental health. Studies have found that excessive use of social media can lead to feelings of anxiety, depression, and loneliness, as well as decreased self-esteem and body image issues. This is partly due to the unrealistic expectations that social media can create, as people often present a curated and idealized version of their lives online. This can lead to feelings of inadequacy and a senseof not measuring up to others.Furthermore, social media can also be a source of cyberbullying, which can have a devastating impact on mental health. Cyberbullying involves the use of technology to harass, intimidate, or humiliate someone, and can lead to feelings of fear, depression, and even suicide. Social media platforms have taken steps to address cyberbullying, but it remains a serious problem that can have long-lasting effects.However, social media can also have positive effects on mental health. For example, social media can provide a sense of community and support for people who may feel isolated or alone. This can be particularly important for people with mental health issues, who may find it difficult to connect with others in person. Social media can also provide access to information and resources that can help people manage their mental health, such as online support groups and mental health apps.Moreover, social media can be a powerful tool forraising awareness about mental health issues and reducing stigma. Many people use social media to share their own experiences with mental illness, which can help to break down barriers and encourage others to seek help. Social media can also be used to promote mental health initiatives and campaigns, and to connect people with mental health professionals and resources.In conclusion, social media has both positive and negative effects on mental health. While excessive use of social media can lead to feelings of anxiety, depression, and loneliness, social media can also provide a sense of community and support for people who may feel isolated or alone. Additionally, social media can be a powerful toolfor raising awareness about mental health issues and reducing stigma. It is important for individuals to be mindful of their social media use and to take steps to protect their mental health, such as setting limits ontheir social media use and seeking help if they are experiencing mental health issues.。

大学英语教材英文翻译

大学英语教材英文翻译

大学英语教材英文翻译College English Textbook TranslationIntroductionCollege English textbooks play a vital role in English language education at the university level. These textbooks not only provide students with essential language skills but also expose them to diverse cultures and perspectives. In this article, we will discuss the importance of translating English textbooks for college students and how it contributes to their language acquisition and overall education.1. The Significance of English Textbook TranslationEnglish textbook translation serves as a bridge between students and the English language. It allows learners to access a wide range of authentic materials, enhancing their listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills. Furthermore, it helps students develop cultural awareness and cross-cultural communication competence, which are essential in today's globalized world.2. Accuracy and Reliability in TranslationWhen translating English textbooks, accuracy and reliability are of utmost importance. Translators must ensure that the translated content accurately conveys the original meaning while considering the target audience's language proficiency level. It is crucial to maintain grammatical correctness, coherence, and clarity in the translated text to facilitate learning and comprehension.3. Cultural Adaptation and LocalizationWhile maintaining accuracy, cultural adaptation and localization are essential aspects of translating English textbooks for college students. Translators should adapt content to suit the cultural background and educational context of the target audience. This includes modifying examples, exercises, and illustrations to resonate with the students' experiences and cultural norms, promoting a more engaging and relevant learning experience.4. Simplification and ClarityTo cater to the needs of college students, English textbook translation often requires simplification and clarification. Complex grammar structures and vocabulary should be simplified without compromising the intended meaning. Translators should also provide clear explanations and examples to ensure students grasp the core concepts effectively. Additionally, visual aids and multimedia resources can be incorporated to enhance comprehension and engagement.5. Diversity and InclusivityEnglish textbook translation should reflect diversity and inclusivity, considering the diverse range of students' backgrounds and experiences. Translators should strive to include content from various cultures, regions, and perspectives, promoting intercultural understanding and fostering an inclusive learning environment. This approach helps students develop respect for diversity and broadens their horizons.6. Keeping Up with Modern DevelopmentsIn an ever-changing world, English textbook translation must adapt to modern developments. Translators should incorporate current trends, technologies, and issues into the content, reflecting the realities of the contemporary English-speaking world. This keeps students updated and enables them to apply their language skills in real-life situations, preparing them for future academic and professional endeavors.ConclusionEnglish textbook translation for college students is a crucial task that requires accuracy, cultural adaptation, simplification, diversity, and keeping up with modern developments. A well-translated textbook facilitates language acquisition, cultural awareness, and cross-cultural communication competence. By providing students with comprehensive and engaging learning materials, English textbook translation contributes significantly to their overall education and prepares them for a globalized world.。

大学英语教材课文译文

大学英语教材课文译文

大学英语教材课文译文一、大学英语综合教程课文一:《生活在大自然中》In the Midst of NatureNature surrounds us and is an integral part of our lives. Our existence is closely tied to the natural world and its elements. The text "In the Midst of Nature" explores the different aspects of nature and emphasizes its importance.The text begins by highlighting the beauty and tranquility of nature. It describes how being immersed in nature can provide a sense of peace and calmness. The author encourages readers to appreciate the simple pleasures that nature offers, such as watching the sunrise or listening to the sound of a flowing stream.Furthermore, the text delves into the environmental benefits of nature. It emphasizes the role of trees in purifying the air we breathe and preventing soil erosion. The author also expounds on the importance of biodiversity and how different species contribute to the balance of ecosystems.Apart from the aesthetic and environmental value, the text also sheds light on the physical and mental health benefits of being in nature. It mentions how spending time in natural surroundings can boost one's immune system, reduce stress levels, and improve overall well-being. The author suggests engaging in outdoor activities, such as hiking or gardening, to reap these benefits.In addition, the text explores the cultural significance of nature. It explains how different cultures have revered and worshipped nature throughout history. The author mentions various traditions and rituals associated with natural elements, highlighting the deep connection between humans and the natural world.Overall, "In the Midst of Nature" serves as a reminder of how valuable and essential nature is. It encourages readers to embrace and appreciate the beauty of the natural world, and to recognize the various benefits it provides. By nurturing our relationship with nature, we can lead healthier, more fulfilling lives.课文二:《科技与社会》Technology and SocietyTechnology has revolutionized the way we live and has had a profound impact on society as a whole. The text "Technology and Society" delves into this topic, examining both the positive and negative aspects of technology in our lives.The text begins by highlighting the advancements technology has brought about. It mentions how it has enhanced communication, making it easier for people to connect and share information across the globe. It also discusses how technology has improved healthcare, transportation, and other industries, leading to increased efficiency and convenience.However, the text also addresses the potential drawbacks of technology. It raises concerns about its impact on employment, as automation and artificial intelligence continue to replace human workers. The text alsodiscusses the issue of privacy and the potential for surveillance in our increasingly interconnected world.Furthermore, the text touches upon the digital divide, emphasizing the gap between those who have access to technology and those who do not. It highlights the importance of bridging this divide to ensure equal opportunities for all individuals.Moreover, the text explores the ethical dilemmas posed by technology. It raises questions about the responsible use of technology, such as the ethical implications of genetic engineering and the responsibility of companies to protect user data.In conclusion, while technology has undoubtedly brought numerous benefits to society, it is crucial to approach its advancements with caution. The text "Technology and Society" provokes readers to reflect on the ethical, social, and economic ramifications of technology, encouraging them to consider how we can harness its advantages while minimizing its negative impacts. By doing so, we can build a more inclusive and sustainable future.。

大学各个专业英语翻译压缩版

大学各个专业英语翻译压缩版

1哲学 Philosophy马克思主义哲学Philosophy of Marxism中国哲学 Chinese Philosophy外国哲学 Foreign Philosophies逻辑学 Logic伦理学Ethics美学 Aesthetics宗教学Science of Religion科学技术哲学Philosophy of Science and Technology 经济学 Economics理论经济学 Theoretical Economics政治经济学 Political Economy经济思想史History of Economic Thought经济史History of Economic西方经济学 Western Economics世界经济 World Economics人口、资源与环境经济学Population, Resources and Environmen tal Economics应用经济学 Applied Economics国民经济学National Economics2区域经济学 Regional Economics财政学(含税收学)Public Finance (including Taxation)金融学(含保险学)Finance (including Insurance)产业经济学 Industrial Economics国际贸易学 International Trade劳动经济学 Labor Economics统计学 Statistics数量经济学 Quantitative Economics 国防经济学National Defense Economics法学 Law法学 Science of Law法学理论 Jurisprudence法律史 Legal History宪法学与行政法学Constitutional Law and Administrative L aw刑法学 Criminal Jurisprudence民商法学(含劳动法学、社会保障法学) Civil Law and Commercial Law (includin g Science of Labour Law and Science of Social Security Law )诉讼法学 Science of Procedure Laws3经济法学 Science of Economic Law环境与资源保护法学Science of Environment and Natural Resources Protection Law国际法学(含国际公法学、国际私法学、国际经济法学、)International law (including International Public law, International Private Law and International Economic Law)军事法学 Science of Military Law政治学 Political Science政治学理论 Political Theory中外政治制度Chinese and Foreign Political Institution科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动Scientific Socialism and International Communist Movement中国共产党历史(含党的学说与党的建设)History of the Communist Party of China (including the Doctrine of China Partyand Party Building)马克思主义理论与思想政治教育4Education of Marxist Theory and Education in Ideology and Politics国际政治学 International Politics国际关系学 International Relations外交学 Diplomacy社会学 Sociology社会学 Sociology人口学 Demography人类学 Anthropology民俗学(含中国民间文学)Folklore (including Chinese Folk Literature)民族学 Ethnology民族学 Ethnology马克思主义民族理论与政策Marxist Ethnic Theory and Policy中国少数民族经济Chinese Ethnic Economics中国少数民族史Chinese Ethnic History中国少数民族艺术 Chinese Ethnic Art教育学 Education教育学 Education Science教育学原理 Educational Principle课程与教学论5Curriculum and Teaching Methodology教育史 History of Education比较教育学Comparative Education学前教育学Pre-school Education高等教育学 Higher Education成人教育学Adult Education职业技术教育学Vocational and Technical Education特殊教育学 Special Education教育技术学Education Technology心理学 Psychology基础心理学 Basic Psychology发展与心理学Developmental and Educational Psychology应用心理学 Applied Psychology体育学Science of Physical Culture and Sports体育人文社会学Humane and Sociological Science of Sports运动人体科学Human Movement Science6体育教育训练学Theory of Sports Pedagogy and Training民族传统体育学Science of Ethnic Traditional Sports文学 Literature中国语言文学 Chinese Literature文艺学 Theory of Literature and Art语言学及应用语言学Linguistics and Applied Linguistics汉语言文字学Chinese Philology中国古典文献学Study of Chinese Classical Text中国古代文学Ancient Chinese Literature中国现当代文学Modern and Contemporary Chinese Literature中国少数民族语言文学Chinese Ethnic Language and Literature比较文学与世界文学Comparative Literature and World Literature外国语言文学Foreign Languages and Literatures英语语言文学English Language and Literature俄语语言文学Russian Language and Literature法语语言文学French Language and Literature德语语言文学German Language and Literature日语语言文学Japanese Language and Literature印度语言文学Indian Language and Literature西班牙语语言文学Spanish Language and Literature阿拉伯语语言文学Arabic Language and Literature欧洲语言文学European Language and Literature亚非语言文学Asian-African Language and Literature 外国语言学及应用语言学Linguistics and Applied Linguistics in Fo reign Languages新闻传播学Journalism and Communication8新闻学 Journalism传播学 Communication艺术学 Art艺术学 Art Theory音乐学Music美术学 Fine Arts设计艺术学 Artistic Design戏剧戏曲学Theater and Chinese Traditional Opera 电影学 Film广播电视艺术学Radio and television Art舞蹈学 Dance历史学 History史学理论及史学史Historical Theories and History of Histo rical Science考古学及博物馆学Archaeology and Museology历史地理学 Historical Geography历史文献学(含敦煌学、古文字学) Studies of Historical Literature (includin g Paleography and Studies of Dunhuan g)专门史 History of Particular Subjects 中国古代史 Ancient Chinese History中国近现代史Modern and Contemporary Chinese History世界史 World History理学 Natural Science数学 Mathematics基础数学 Fundamental Mathematics计算数学 Computational Mathematics概率论与数理统计Probability and Mathematical Statistics应用数学 Applied mathematics运筹学与控制论Operational Research and Cybernetics物理学 Physics理论物理 Theoretical Physics粒子物理与原子核物理Particle Physics and Nuclear Physics原子与分子物理Atomic and Molecular Physics等离子体物理 Plasma Physics凝聚态物理Condensed Matter Physics声学 Acoustics10光学 Optics无线电物理Radio Physics化学Chemistry无机化学 Inorganic Chemistry分析化学 Analytical Chemistry有机化学 Organic Chemistry物理化学(含化学物理)Physical Chemistry (including ChemicalPhysics)高分子化学与物理Chemistry and Physics of Polymers天文学 Astronomy天体物理 Astrophysics天体测量与天体力学Astrometry and Celestial Mechanics地理学 Geography自然地理学 Physical Geography人文地理学Human Geography地图学与地理信息系统Cartography and Geography Information System大气科学 Atmospheric Sciences气象学 Meteorology大气物理学与大气环境Atmospheric Physics and AtmosphericEnvironment海洋科学 Marine Sciences物理海洋学 Physical Oceanography海洋化学 Marine Chemistry海洋生理学 Marine Biology海洋地质学 Marine Geology地球物理学 Geophysics固体地球物理学 Solid Earth Physics空间物理学 Space Physics地质学 Geology矿物学、岩石学、矿床学Mineralogy, Petrology, Mineral DepositGeology地球化学 Geochemistry古生物学与地层学(含古人类学)Paleontology and Stratigraphy (including Paleoanthropology)构造地质学 Structural Geology第四纪地质学 Quaternary Geology生物学 Biology植物学 Botany动物学 Zoology生理学 Physiology水生生物学 Hydrobiology12微生物学 Microbiology神经生物学 Neurobiology遗传学 Genetics发育生物学 Developmental Biology细胞生物学 Cell Biology生物化学与分子生物学Biochemistry and Molecular Biology生物物理学 Biophysics生态学 Ecology系统科学 Systems Science系统理论 Systems Theory系统分析与集成Systems Analysis and Integration科学技术史History of Science and Technology工学 Engineering力学 Mechanics一般力学与力学基础General and Fundamental Mechanics固体力学 Solid Mechanics流体力学 Fluid Mechanics工程力学 Engineering Mechanics机械工程 Mechanical Engineering机械制造及其自动化Mechanical Manufacture and Automation机械电子工程Mechatronic Engineering机械设计与理论Mechanical Design and Theory车辆工程Vehicle Engineering光学工程 Optical Engineering仪器科学与技术Instrument Science and Technology精密仪器及机械Precision Instrument and Machinery 测试计量技术及仪器Measuring and Testing Technologies an d Instruments材料科学与工程Materials Science and Engineering材料物理与化学Materials Physics and Chemistry材料学 Materialogy材料加工工程Materials Processing Engineering冶金工程Metallurgical Engineering 冶金物理化学of Metallurgy钢铁冶金 Ferrous Metallurgy14有色金属冶金 Non-ferrous Metallurgy 动力工程及工程热物理Power Engineering and Engineering Th ermophysics工程热物理Engineering Thermophysics热能工程Thermal Power Engineering 动力机械及工程Power Machinery and Engineering流体机械及工程Fluid Machinery and Engineering制冷及低温工程Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering 化工过程机械Chemical Process Equipment电气工程 Electrical Engineering电机与电器Electric Machines and Electric Apparatu s电力系统及其自动化Power System and its Automation高电压与绝缘技术High Voltage and Insulation Technology 电力电子与电力传动Power Electronics and Power Drives 电工理论与新技术Theory and New Technology of Electrical Engineering电子科学与技术Electronics Science and Technology物理电子学Physical Electronics电路与系统Circuits and Systems微电子学与固体电子学Microelectronics and Solid State Electronics电磁场与微波技术Electromagnetic Field and Microwave Technology信息与通信工程Information and Communication Engineering通信与信息系统Communication and Information Systems信号与信息处理Signal and Information Processing控制科学与工程Control Science and Engineering16控制理论与控制工程Control Theory and Control Engineering检测技术与自动化装置Detection Technology and Automatic Equipment系统工程 Systems Engineering模式识别与智能系统Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Systems导航、制导与控制Navigation, Guidance and Control计算机科学与技术Computer Science and Technology计算机软件与理论Computer Software and Theory计算机系统结构Computer Systems Organization计算机应用技术Computer Applied Technology建筑学 Architecture建筑历史与理论Architectural History and Theory建筑设计及其理论Architectural Design and Theory城市规划与设计(含风景园林规划与设计)Urban Planning and Design (including Landscape Planning and Design)建筑技术科学Building Technology Science土木工程 Civil Engineering岩土工程 Geotechnical Engineering结构工程Structural Engineering市政工程 Municipal Engineering供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程Heating, Gas Supply, Ventilating and AirConditioning Engineering防灾减灾工程及防护工程Disaster Prevention and Reduction Engineering and Protective Engineering桥梁与隧道工程Bridge and Tunnel Engineering水利工程 Hydraulic Engineering水文学及水资源Hydrology and Water Resources水力学及河流动力学Hydraulics and River Dynamics水工结构工程Hydraulic Structure Engineering18水利水电工程Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering港口、海岸及近海工程Harbor, Coastal and Offshore Engineering测绘科学与技术Surveying and Mapping大地测量学与测量工程Geodesy and Survey Engineering摄影测量与遥感Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing地图制图学与地理信息工程Cartography and Geographic Information Engineering化学工程与技术Chemical Engineering and Technology化学工程 Chemical Engineering化学工艺 Chemical Technology生物化工 Biochemical Engineering应用化学 Applied Chemistry工业催化 Industrial Catalysis地质资源与地质工程Geological Resources and Geological Engineering矿产普查与勘探Mineral Resource Prospecting and Explo ration地球探测与信息技术Geodetection and Information Technolo gy地质工程 Geological Engineering矿业工程 Mineral Engineering采矿工程 Mining Engineering矿物加工工程Mineral Processing Engineering安全技术及工程Safety Technology and Engineering石油与天然气工程Oil and Natural Gas Engineering油气井工程Oil-Gas Well Engineering油气田开发工程Oil-Gas Field Development Engineering 油气储运工程Oil-Gas Storage and Transportation Engi neering纺织科学与工程Textile Science and Engineering纺织工程 Textile Engineering20纺织材料与纺织品设计Textile Material and Textiles Design纺织化学与染整工程Textile Chemistry and Dyeing and Finishi ng Engineering服装设计与工程Clothing Design and Engineering轻工技术与工程The Light Industry Technology and Engi neering制浆造纸工程Pulp and Paper Engineering制糖工程Sugar Engineering发酵工程Fermentation Engineering 皮革化学与工程Leather Chemistry and Engineering道路与铁道工程Highway and Railway Engineering交通信息工程及控制Traffic Information Engineering & Contr ol交通运输规划与管理Transportation Planning and Manageme nt载运工具运用工程Vehicle Operation Engineering船舶与海洋工程Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering船舶与海洋结构物设计制造Design and Construction of Naval Architecture and Ocean Structure轮机工程 Marine Engine Engineering水声工程Underwater Acoustics Engineering航空宇航科学与技术Aeronautical and Astronautical Scienceand Technology飞行器设计 Flight Vehicle Design航空宇航推进理论与工程Aerospace Propulsion Theory and Engineering航空宇航器制造工程Manufacturing Engineering of Aerospace Vehicle人机与环境工程Man-Machine and Environmental Engineering22兵器科学与技术Armament Science and Technology武器系统与运用工程Weapon Systems and Utilization Engineering兵器发射理论与技术Armament Launch Theory and Technology火炮、自动武器与弹药工程Artillery, Automatic Gun and Ammunition Engineering军事化学与烟火技术Military Chemistry and Pyrotechnics核科学与技术Nuclear Science and Technology核能科学与工程Nuclear Energy Science and Engineering核燃料循环与材料Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Materials核技术及应用Nuclear Technology and Applications辐射防护及环境保护Radiation and Environmental Protection农业工程Agricultural Engineering农业机械化工程Agricultural Mechanization Engineering农业水土工程Agricultural Water-Soil Engineering农业生物环境与能源工程Agricultural Biological Environmental and Energy Engineering农业电气化与自动化Agricultural Electrification and Automation林业工程Forestry Engineering森林工程 Forest Engineering木材科学与技术Wood Science and Technology林产化学加工工程Chemical Processing Engineering of Forest Products环境科学与工程Environmental Science and Engineering环境科学Environmental Science环境工程Environmental Engineering生物医学工程Biomedical Engineering食品科学与工程Food Science and Engineering24食品科学 Food Science粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程Cereals, Oils and Vegetable Protein Engineering农产品加工及贮藏工程Processing and Storage of Agriculture Products水产品加工及贮藏工程Processing and Storage of Aquatic Products农学 Agriculture交通运输工程Communication and Transportation Engineering作物学 Crop Science作物栽培学与耕作学Crop Cultivation and Farming System作物遗传育种学Crop Genetics and Breeding园艺学 Horticulture果树学 Pomology蔬菜学 Olericulture茶学 Tea Science农业资源利用学Utilization Science of Agricultural Resources土壤学 Soil Science植物营养学 Plant Nutrition植物保护学 Plant Protection植物病理学 Plant Pathology农业昆虫与害虫防治Agricultural Entomology and Pest Contr ol农药学 Pesticide Science畜牧学 Animal Science动物遗传育种与繁殖Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reprodu ction Science动物营养与饲料科学Animal Nutrition and Feed Science草业科学 Practaculture Science特种经济动物饲养学(含蚕、蜂等)The Rearing of Special-type Economic A nimals (including Silkworm, Honeybees, etc.) 兽医学 Veterinary Medicine基础兽医学Basic Veterinary Medicine 预防兽医学Preventive Veterinary Medicine临床兽医学26Clinical Veterinary Medicine林学 Forestry林木遗传育种学Forest Tree Genetics and Breeding森林培育学 Silviculture森林保护学Forest Protection森林经理学 Forest Management野生动植物保护与利用Wildlife Conservation and Utilization 园林植物与观赏园艺Ornamental Plants and Horticulture水土保持与荒漠化防治Soil and Water Conservation and Deser tification Combating水产学 Fisheries Science水产养殖学 Aquaculture Science捕捞学 Fishing Science渔业资源学Science of Fisheries Resources医学Medicine基础医学 Basic Medicine人体解剖与组织胚胎学Human Anatomy, Histology and Embry ology免疫学 Immunology 病原生物学 Pathogenic Organisms病理学与病理生理学Pathology and Pathophysiology法医学 Forensic Medicine放射医学Radiation Medicine航空航天与航海医学Aerospace and Nautical medicine临床医学 Clinical Medicine内科学(含心血管病学、血液病学、呼吸系病学、消化系病学、内分泌与代谢病学、肾脏病学、风湿病学、传染病学)Internal medicine (including Cardiology,Hematology, Respiratory, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nephrology, Rheuma-tology, Infectious Diseases)儿科学 Pediatrics老年医学 Geriatrics神经病学 Neurology精神病与精神卫生学Psychiatry and Mental Health皮肤病与性病学Dermatology and Venereology28影像医学与核医学Imaging and Nuclear Medicine临床检验诊断学Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics护理学 Nursing外科学(含普通外科学、骨外科学、泌尿外科学、胸心血管外科学、神经外科学、整形外科学、烧伤外科学、野战外科学)Surgery (General Surgery, Orthopedics,Urology, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Neurosurgery, Plastic Surgery, Burn Surgery, Field Surgery)妇产科学 Obstetrics and Gynecology眼科学 Ophthalmic Specialty耳鼻咽喉科学 Otolaryngology肿瘤学 Oncology康复医学与理疗学Rehabilitation Medicine & Physical Therapy运动医学Sports Medicine麻醉学 Anesthesiology急诊医学 Emergency Medicine口腔医学 Stomatology口腔基础医学Basic Science of Stomatology口腔临床医学Clinical Science of Stomatology公共卫生与预防医学Public Health and Preventive Medicine流行病与卫生统计学Epidemiology and Health Statistics劳动卫生与环境卫生学Occupational and Environmental Health营养与食品卫生学Nutrition and Food Hygiene儿少卫生与妇幼保健学Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health卫生毒理学 Hygiene Toxicology军事预防医学Military Preventive Medicine中医学Chinese Medicine中医基础理论Basic Theories of Chinese Medicine中医临床基础Clinical Foundation of Chinese Medicine中医医史文献30History and Literature of Chinese Medicine方剂学 Formulas of Chinese Medicine中医诊断学Diagnostics of Chinese Medicine中医内科学 Chinese Internal Medicine中医外科学Surgery of Chinese Medicine中医骨伤科学Orthopedics of Chinese Medicine中医妇科学Gynecology of Chinese Medicine中医儿科学Pediatrics of Chinese Medicine中医五官科学Ophthalmology and Otolaryngoloy of Chinese Medicine针灸推拿学Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Tuina of Chinese medicine民族医学 Ethnomedicine中西医结合医学Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine中西医结合基础医学31Basic Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative中西医结合临床医学Clinical Discipline of Chinese and Weste rn Integrative Medicine药学 Pharmaceutical Science药物化学 Medicinal Chemistry药剂学 Pharmaceutics生药学 Pharmacognosy药物分析学 Pharmaceutical Analysis 微生物与生化药学Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy 药理学 Pharmacology中药学Science of Chinese Pharmacology军事学 Military Science军事思想学及军事历史学Military Thought and Military History 军事思想学 Military Thought军事历史学 Military History战略学 Science of Strategy军事战略学Military Strategy战争动员学 War Mobilization战役学Science of Operations32联合战役学 Joint Operation军种战役学(含第二炮兵战役学)Armed Service Operation (including Op eration of Strategic Missile Force)战术学 Science of Tactics合同战术学Combined-Arms Tactics 兵种战术学 Branch Tactics军队指挥学Science of Command作战指挥学 Combat Command军事运筹学Military Operation Research军事通信学Military Communication军事情报学Military Intelligence密码学 Cryptography军事教育训练学(含军事体育学) Military Education and Training (includi ng Military Physical Training)军制学Science of Military System军事组织编制学Military Organizational System军队管理学 Military Management军队政治工作学Science of Military Political Work33军事后勤学与军事装备学Science of Military Logistics and Military Equipment军事后勤学 Military Logistics后方专业勤务 Rear Special Service军事装备学 Military Equipment管理学 Management Science管理科学与工程Management Science and Engineering 工商管理学Science of Business Administration会计学 Accounting 企业管理学(含财务管理、市场营销学、人力资源管理学)Corporate Management (including Fina ncial Management, Marketing, and Hu man Resources Management)旅游管理学 Tourist Management技术经济及管理学Technology Economy and Management 农林经济管理学Agricultural and Forestry Economics & Management农业经济管理学34Agricultural Economics & Management 林业经济管理学Forestry Economics & Management公共管理学Science of Public Management行政管理学Administration Management社会医学与卫生事业管理学Social Medicine and Health Manageme nt教育经济与管理学Educational Economy and Management 社会保障学 Social Security土地资源管理学Land Resource Management图书馆、情报与档案学Science of Library, Information and Arch ival图书馆学Library Science情报学 Information Science档案学 Archival Science。

新编大学核心英语教材翻译

新编大学核心英语教材翻译

新编大学核心英语教材翻译The Translation of the New Core English Textbook for University StudentsAs English continues to be a widely used global language, mastering it has become increasingly important for university students around the world. To cater to the needs of these students, a new core English textbook has been developed. This article aims to provide a comprehensive translation of this innovative educational resource.Introduction引言The new core English textbook is a result of extensive research and development by a team of experienced language educators. It is designed to enhance students' language skills and proficiency in English, covering various aspects such as reading, writing, listening, and speaking. Let's delve into the details of this groundbreaking textbook.Unit Structure单元结构The textbook is divided into several units, each focusing on a specific theme or topic. The units are carefully organized to facilitate progressive learning. Within each unit, there are subtopics that help students grasp the nuances of the language. This logical arrangement enables effective language acquisition and consolidation.阅读The reading section of the textbook consists of a wide range of interesting and thought-provoking texts. These texts are carefully selected to expose students to diverse genres, including fiction, non-fiction, news articles, and academic papers. Each reading passage is accompanied by comprehensive questions and exercises that gauge students' comprehension and critical thinking skills.Writing写作The writing section of the textbook aims to develop students' ability to express themselves effectively in written English. It covers various types of writing such as essays, reports, and formal letters. Students are provided with clear guidelines on organizing their ideas, using appropriate vocabulary, and structuring their writing in a coherent manner.Listening听力The listening section helps students improve their listening comprehension skills through a variety of audio materials. These materials include dialogues, interviews, lectures, and recordings of native speakers. By listening to these authentic materials and engaging in related activities, students are exposed to different accents and speech patterns, which enhances their overall listening proficiency.口语The speaking section focuses on developing students' oral communication skills. It provides ample opportunities for students to interact in English through pair work and group discussions. Various speaking activities, such as role-plays, presentations, and debates, encourage students to express their ideas fluently and confidently. Additionally, pronunciation exercises help students improve their pronunciation and intonation.Grammar语法The textbook incorporates a systematic approach to learning grammar. It covers essential grammatical structures, verb tenses, sentence patterns, and word usage. Each grammar point is explained in a clear and concise manner, and students are given ample practice to reinforce their understanding.Vocabulary词汇The vocabulary section aims to expand students' lexical repertoire. It introduces new words and phrases in context, providing explanations, synonyms, and usage examples. Various exercises, such as gap-filling activities and word association tasks, help students enhance their vocabulary retention and application.Conclusion结论The translation of the new core English textbook for university students provides an overview of its comprehensive structure and content. By incorporating diverse reading materials, writing exercises, listening activities, speaking tasks, grammar explanations, and vocabulary exercises, this textbook offers students a well-rounded English learning experience. It is expected to greatly facilitate students' language acquisition and proficiency development, equipping them with the necessary skills for effective communication in English.。

新视野大学英语第三版第三册课后翻译汉译英

新视野大学英语第三版第三册课后翻译汉译英

如今,很多年轻人不再选择“稳定”的工作,他们更愿意自主创业,依靠自己的智慧和奋斗去实现自我价值。

青年创业(young entrepreneurship)是未来国家经济活力的来源,创业者的成功不但会创造财富、增加就业机会、改善大家的生活,从长远来看,对于国家更是一件好事,创业者正是让中国经济升级换代的力量。

尤其是在当前,国家鼓励大众创业、万众创新,在政策上给予中小企业支持,这更加激发了年轻人的创业热情。

Nowadays, many young people no longer choose “stable” jobs. Instead, they prefer to start their own businesses and realize their self-value through their own wisdom and efforts. Young entrepreneurship is the source of national economic vitality in the future. The success of entrepreneurs not only creates fortune, increases job opportunities, improves people’s life, but it is also good for the country in the long term. Entrepreneurs are a driving force in upgrading China’s economy. Especially for the time being, our country is encouraging people to start their own businesses and make innovations and giving policy support for medium and small businesses. This further arouses young people's enthusiasm to start their own businesses.实现中华民族伟大复兴(rejuvenation)是近代以来中国人民最伟大的梦想,我们称之为“中国梦”,其基本内涵是实现国家富强、民族振兴、人民幸福。

大学专业中英文对照

大学专业中英文对照

大学专业中英文对照(2006-06-10 15:30:56)advanced computational fluid dynamics 高等计算流体力学advanced mathematics 高等数学advanced numerical analysis 高等数值分析algorithmic language 算法语言analogical electronics 模拟电子电路artificial intelligence programming 人工智能程序设计audit 审计学automatic control system 自动控制系统automatic control theory 自动控制理论auto-measurement technique 自动检测技术basis of software technique 软件技术基础calculus 微积分catalysis principles 催化原理chemical engineering retrieval 化工文献检索circuitry 电子线路college english 大学英语college english test (band 4) cet-4college english test (band 6) cet-6college physics 大学物理communication fundamentals 通信原理comparative economics 比较经济学complex analysis 复变函数论computational method 计算方法computer graphics 图形学原理computer organization 计算机组成原理computer architecture 计算机系统结构computer interface technology 计算机接口技术contract law 合同法cost accounting 成本会计circuit measurement technology 电路测试技术database principles 数据库原理design & analysis system 系统分析与设计developmental economics 发展经济学discrete mathematics 离散数学digital electronics 数字电子电路digital image processing 数字图像处理digital signal processing 数字信号处理econometrics 经济计量学economical efficiency analysis for chemical technology 化工技术经济分析economy of capitalism 资本主义经济electromagnetic fields & magnetic waves 电磁场与电磁波electrical engineering practice 电工实习enterprise accounting 企业会计学equations of mathematical physics 数理方程experiment of college physics 物理实验experiment of microcomputer 微机实验experiment in electronic circuitry 电子线路实验fiber optical communication system 光纤通讯系统finance 财政学financial accounting 财务会计fine arts 美术functions of a complex variable 单复变函数functions of complex variables 复变函数functions of complex variables & integral transformations 复变函数与积分变换fundamentals of law 法律基础fuzzy mathematics 模糊数学general physics 普通物理graduation project(thesis) 毕业设计(论文)graph theory 图论heat transfer theory 传热学history of chinese revolution 中国革命史industrial economics 工业经济学information searches 情报检索integral transformation 积分变换intelligent robot(s); intelligence robot 智能机器人international business administration 国际企业管理international clearance 国际结算international finance 国际金融international relation 国际关系international trade 国际贸易introduction to chinese tradition 中国传统文化introduction to modern science & technology 当代科技概论introduction to reliability technology 可靠性技术导论language programming 程序设计lab of general physics 普通物理实验linear algebra 线性代数management accounting 管理会计学management information system 管理信息系统mechanic design 机械设计mechanical graphing 机械制图merchandise advertisement 商品广告学metalworking practice 金工实习microcomputer control technology 微机控制技术microeconomics & macroeconomics 西方经济学microwave technique 微波技术military theory 军事理论modern communication system 现代通信系统modern enterprise system 现代企业制度monetary banking 货币银行学motor elements and power supply 电机电器与供电moving communication 移动通讯music 音乐network technology 网络技术numeric calculation 数值计算oil application and addition agent 油品应用及添加剂operation & control of national economy 国民经济运行与调控operational research 运筹学optimum control 最优控制petroleum chemistry 石油化学petroleum engineering technique 石油化工工艺学philosophy 哲学physical education 体育political economics 政治经济学principle of compiling 编译原理primary circuit (反应堆)一回路principle of communication 通讯原理principle of marxism 马克思主义原理principle of mechanics 机械原理principle of microcomputer 微机原理principle of sensing device 传感器原理principle of single chip computer 单片机原理principles of management 管理学原理probability theory & stochastic process 概率论与随机过程procedure control 过程控制programming with pascal language pascal语言编程programming with c language c语言编程property evaluation 工业资产评估public relation 公共关系学pulse & numerical circuitry 脉冲与数字电路refinery heat transfer equipment 炼厂传热设备satellite communications 卫星通信semiconductor converting technology 半导体变流技术set theory 集合论signal & linear system 信号与线性系统social research 社会调查software engineering 软件工程spc exchange fundamentals 程控交换原理specialty english 专业英语statistics 统计学stock investment 证券投资学strategic management for industrial enterprises 工业企业战略管理technological economics 技术经济学television operation 电视原理theory of circuitry 电路理论turbulent flow simulation and application 湍流模拟及其应用visual c++ programming visual c++程序设计windows nt operating system principles windows nt操作系统原理word processing 数据处理。

大学生英语教材译文版

大学生英语教材译文版

大学生英语教材译文版Introduction:English is one of the most widely spoken languages in the world, and it plays a crucial role in global communication. As a result, the importance of English education in universities cannot be underestimated. In this article, we will explore the significance of translating English textbooks for college students, as well as the benefits it brings.1. Enhancing Comprehension:Translating English textbooks into the native language of students helps to improve their comprehension of the content. Not all college students have a high level of English proficiency, and providing translated versions allows them to understand complex concepts more easily. This ultimately aids their overall learning experience and academic performance.2. Enriching Vocabulary:By having access to translated versions of English textbooks, college students can expand their vocabulary in both their native language and English. Translating unfamiliar words or phrases into their familiar language helps students grasp the meaning and usage of these terms more effectively. Additionally, it allows students to compare linguistic structures between the two languages, enhancing their overall language skills.3. Cultivating Cultural Understanding:English textbooks often include cultural references that may be unfamiliar to non-native speakers. Translating these sections not only aids incomprehension but also promotes cultural understanding. Students can gain insights into the customs, traditions, and values of English-speaking countries, fostering cross-cultural appreciation and respect.4. Bridging the Gap:Translating English textbooks helps bridge the language gap between students and foreign teachers. Some college students may struggle to communicate their thoughts and ideas due to limited English proficiency. Access to translated versions allows for better interaction and classroom participation. As a result, students' confidence in using English will increase over time.5. Promoting Self-Study:Translated versions of English textbooks can serve as valuable resources for independent study. College students can use them to reinforce what they have learned in class, review materials at their own pace, and deepen their understanding. This encourages self-motivated learning and helps students become more autonomous in their language acquisition.Conclusion:Translating English textbooks for college students offers numerous benefits and plays a vital role in their language learning journey. It enhances comprehension, enriches vocabulary, cultivates cultural understanding, bridges the language gap, and promotes self-study. By providing translated versions, universities can create a more inclusive and effective English learning environment, empowering students to succeed in their academicpursuits and future careers. Remember, language should never become a barrier to education.。

大学专业中英文对照

大学专业中英文对照


Group Works
1) Each group member must introduce himself/herself to the other group members, including name, major or what he/she wants the others to know. 2) Each group member must recommend one of his/her favorite movie to the other group members, including actors, setting, plot, climax, category or his/her feeling when watching the movie. 3) Each group must choose one of the movies to introduce it to the other groups, including name, actors, setting, plot, climax, category and recommendation reasons.
Library Statistics Math Engineering Mechanical engineering Electronic engineering Civil engineering Chemical engineering Medicine Agriculture Botany
?imajorinmymajorisimafreshmanmajorin?literature文学?sociology社会学?psychology心理学?philosophy哲学?politics政治学?anthropology人类学?linguistics语言学?lawjurisprudence法学?masscommunication大众传播学?journalism新闻学?library图书馆学?statistics统计学?math数学?engineering工程学?mechanicalengineering机械工程学?electronicengineering电子工程学?civilengineering土木工程学?chemicalengineering化学工程学?medicine医学?agriculture农学?botany植物学?astronomy天文学?economics经济学?commercialscience商学?businessadministration工商管理?biochemistry生物化学?accounting会计学?banking银行学?metallurgy冶金学?finance财政学?atomicenergy电子能学?architecture建筑学?postdoctorate博士后?doctorphd博士?master硕士?graduatestudent研究生?bachelor学士?undergraduate大学本科生?senior大学四年级学生?junior大学三年级学生?sophomore大学二年级学生?freshman大学一年级新生?whatanimalsignwereyoubornunder

全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程2课文翻译

全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程2课文翻译

参考译文第一单元美国人的立场可以概括起来这么说,我们比中国人更重视创新和自立。

我们两种文化的差异也可以从我们各自所怀的忧虑中显示出来。

中国老师担心,如果年轻人不及早掌握技艺,就有可能一辈子掌握不了;另一方面,他们并不同样地急于促进创造力的发展。

美国教育工作者则担心,除非从一开始就发展创造力,不然创造力就有可能永不再现;而另一方面,技艺可于日后获得。

但我并不想夸大其辞。

无论在过去还是在当今,中国在科学、技术和艺术革新方面都展示了巨大的创造力。

而西方的创新突破则有被夸大的危险。

如果仔细审视任何一项创新,其对以往成就的依赖则都显而易见(“站在巨人肩膀之上”的现象)。

然而,假定我这里所说的反差是成立的,而培养技艺与创造力两者都是值得追求的目标,那么重要的问题就在于:我们能否从中美两个极端中寻求一种更好的教育方式,它或许能在创造力与基本技能这两极之间获得某种较好的平衡?第二单元可是我觉得只不过是昙花一现的念头更达到物质的东西很多其他人都有。

我在1999年车展的磨损10.5万英里。

但它仍是可靠的。

我的公寓是温和的,但宁静和放松。

我的衣服很适合我的工作,这主要是室外。

我最小的电脑需要能够得到满足图书馆看书。

在我没有什么,尽管我不觉得差。

为什么呢?我已经享受了53年来特别好的健康。

这不仅是因为我一直在生病,免费的,它的,我觉得充满活力和精神。

其实对我来说是锻炼的乐趣。

我期待着长,活力散步。

我还喜欢“我能”的态度如下。

我也珍惜创造力的礼物。

当我写一个美丽的诗行,或者编造一个笑话,发痒的人,我感到充实进去。

我不断惊讶的见解,通过我的写作过程中来。

而且有这么多有趣的作家朋友聊天,是享受我的主要来源之一。

第四单元以前我从未意识到日常的生活起居是多么重要,如穿戴整齐去上班,按时就寝。

以前我从未想过自己会那么依赖同事做伴。

我开始理解为什么长时间的失业会那么伤人,为什么一个人的生活缺少了外部支持的日常计划就会导致吸毒、犯罪、自杀率的增长。

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“科学指南”网站中国航空杂志266-271 20(2007) 艾斯维尔公司网站基于PLC的张力控制系统的发展REN Sheng-le*, LU Hua, WANG Yong-zhang, FU Hong-ya中国哈尔滨工业大学机械工程学系接收于2006年5月22日;2006年11月22日接受摘要:在直接影响缠绕型产品质量好坏的复合材料成型工艺中,纤维缠绕张力是一种很重要的因素,张力控制是纤维缠绕的关键技术。

本文介绍了用可编程逻辑控制器作为控制核心,交流(AC)伺服电机作为执行元件和radius-following设备功能模块(PLC)的闭环张力控制系统,实现实时半径补偿。

这就分析了张力控制系统的结构,建立了数模。

进而对卷曲半径的补偿技术进行分析。

实验结果表明,该系统具备着非常高的控制精度和非常快反应速度。

关键词:张力控制、可编程控制器、数控绕线机、交流伺服电机的数字复合材料纤维缠绕的组件具有低重量,高强度,高耐腐蚀等优点,并已广泛运用在航空航天工业中。

许多研究表明,不适当的或不稳定的张力会导致纤维缠绕强度成分20%-30%的损失。

一个理想的张力控制系统应提供在缠绕过程稳定和张力可调节的环境中[1-3]。

到目前为止,绕线机、张力控制器经过三年的发展,即经历了机械张力控制器,张力控制器,电气和计算机张力控制器阶段[4-5]。

随着电子技术的发展和高性能微处理器的出现,电脑张力控制器开始使用。

微处理器成为控制系统的核心,从而减少了电子控制系统的电路,大大简化了系统,提高了可靠性,尽量应用先进的控制方法。

因此,这种类型的控制器被广泛应用[6-7]。

在一些发达国家的不断改善中,张力控制技术日趋成熟和规范。

然而,中国的纤维缠绕产业起步较晚,与西方国家相比仍然被甩在身后。

国产的机械张力应用设备大多响应速度慢、精度低,不能满足紧张的市场需求。

因此,本文提出了一种基于PLC的张力控制系统。

1 系统设计1.1系统的构造一个缠绕张力控制系统一般包括三个主要部分,即退绕机、加工机和卷绕机,也可能会包含测量和控制部分,附加运输设备和压力传感器。

在退绕机和卷绕机这两种类型中,可能一个为内部驱动,一个为外部驱动。

外部驱动是指卷轴或皮带在卷绕的材料表面上运动时的驱动力,这种驱动力是由摩擦力产生的。

内部驱动是指在卷轴中装一个驱动装置,在卷轴上的线速度和纤维缠绕张力是随缠绕物的半径的变化而变化的,导致所谓的“缠绕厚度”[8]。

这种“缠绕厚度”现象让张力控制变得非常复杂,但由于内部驱动有很强适应性,内部驱动模式被广泛应用。

1.2 张力控制方案的设计该系统采用了内部驱动和向外拖拉纤维的配置方案。

因为交流数字伺服电机输出转矩与纤维张力和缠绕物半径成正比,所以为了恒定的纤维张力,输出转矩兼缠绕物半径应适当地减小。

缠绕物半径的变化可以用半径跟随器来测量与取样,然后再通过数字模拟转换器发送到PLC。

通过阅读张力的期望值,半径和张力可以用预调计算的算法来估计。

发送控制转速和转矩的指令,再将这种指令数模转换成模拟电压信号输出来控制伺服驱动器。

这种伺服驱动器以控制转速和输出转矩来控制纤维的张力。

用脉冲编码器和霍尔元片来分别测量伺服电机的转速和转矩,再把它反馈给PLC,这样就一起构成了一个闭环系统。

该系统的机制如图1所示:系统的主要组成部分包括:(1)松下可编程控制器(FP0 - C10RS),12位FP0 - A80和FP0 - A04V辅助转换模块。

(2)松下数字交流伺服驱动器和伺服电机。

(3)一个半径跟随器,包括一个半径跟随臂和一个旋转电位器。

2 数学模型在纤维缠绕中,纤维张力的有效控制是很必要的。

由于核心和卷绕的形态不断变化,纤维的线速度很难保持不变,而且这形态变化的原理也极其复杂。

因此,线速度在张力上的影响,应考虑在被控对象的力学分析上。

PLC与作为控制系统核心的功能模块和所需的张力可以从通过在PLC和上位机之间的串行通信的人机界面来设定。

半径值,转矩反馈和速度反馈的输入,预设计算算法的运行和系统的输出都由PLC与功能模块来完成。

退绕时,动转矩平衡方程的表示,如下:其中T是纱线张力,R(t)是实时滚动半径,M(t)为交流伺服电机的抗性时间,是粘性摩擦力矩,ω(t)是滚动的角速度,是滚动和纱辊的转动惯量,是干摩擦时间。

式(1)所示,滚动半径,抗性时间,退绕的角速度和滚动的转动惯量都是关于时间的功能,因此该系统是一个时间复杂多变的系统。

根据以下规则,和经典控制理论实现了转矩平衡公式的简化:(1)干摩擦力矩和粘滞摩擦力矩很小,可能会被忽略。

(2)在张力中的影响可以被忽略,因为惯性的瞬时变化非常小。

(3)滚动半径被半径跟随器实时测量和反馈。

式(1)就简化成了:因此,滚动直径和角速度的变化就成了纱线张力主要的影响因素。

3 滚动半径的补偿滚动时半径的变化导致滚动时间的变化,即式(2)中TR(t)的变化。

半径跟随臂的一端接触滚轴,另一端经过传送放大后连接到旋转电位器,从而把转轴半径的变化转变为电压的变化,如图2所示:由于L>>AB,则有:整理,得:其中L为半径跟随臂的长度,是缠绕物的最大半径,为瞬时缠绕半径。

假设传动比为,那么微传动角为:对于电位器:其中U是旋转电位器的输出电压,是旋转电位器电源电压,为旋转电位器总角度。

整理,得:4 系统的软件开发软件开发充分利用了FP0-C10RS、I/ODA模块和PC电脑的软硬件的功能。

AD或DA转换的精度取决于AD转换器和DA转换器的位数。

FP0 - A80和FP0 - A04V都是12位,当输出和输入范围为(- 10V~+10 V)时,分辨率为1 / 4 000,而FP0为16位,所以该系统的控制精度可以放心。

每个基本指令的运算速度为0.9微秒/步,因此500步的程序只需要0.5毫秒,而FP0 - A80和FP0 - A40V 的转换速度都是1毫秒/频,因此该系统的控制速度也可以放心。

整个控制程序的前前后后都应用了PLC的梯形图。

然而,参数输入不直观,也不是张力和滚动半径的实时显示。

为了解决这个问题,对关于操作员能执行参数输入和实时张力、速率和滚动半径显示的界面主机的控制程序进行了开发。

所有FPPLC的程序编制端口都支持OPEN MEWTOCOL PROTOCOL。

上位机发送一个ASCLL字符串指令到PLC,PLC就自动返回基于这个指令的响应。

%:这是一个固定的字符,意味着下一个指令的开头。

当PLC收到“%”时,先前所有未完成的文本字符串都被忽略。

#,$,!:说明哪些是指令(#)、反应($)或错误响应(!)。

该系统的输入是半径跟随装置的电压反馈,数字交流伺服电机的转矩反馈和速率反馈。

系统的输出的是数字交流伺服电动机转矩和速度的电压。

这个张力控制系统的软件控制的流程,如图3所示:5仿真和实验结果张力控制在实际缠绕情况中的实验研究是通过模拟实际工作环境去检验它的可行性和控制精度来实现的。

当张力设置为10 N时,模拟和实验条件下的恒定张力曲线可以取成近似恒定张力,分别如图4和图5所示。

为了了解当张力变化时交流伺服电机的工作状态,张力从5N变到10N时,在模拟和实验条件下的曲线变化如图6和图7所示,其中超调量和波动宁愿很小,也不让响应时间大于0.3秒。

图4 模拟中张力随时间的变化图5 实验中张力随时间的变化图6 模拟中张力随时间的变化(5N~10N)图7 实验中张力随时间的变化(5N~10N)5.1 静态误差率的分析静态差异率是评估该系统的性能非常重要的指标。

它可以表示为:其中,是最大张力,是最小张力,Tm为平均紧张。

张力静态误差率的分析如表1所示:从上面的分析看出,系统的静态误差小于4%,达到了所要求的性能指标。

5.2 波动率的分析张力波动率是否符合要求是评估所设计的张力控制系统性能的关键指标。

制定了初始化的纱线张力,计算补偿后,输出。

然后,测试实际张力,并找出最大和最小的张力。

计算波动率δ'的方程式如下:张力波动率的分析如表2所示:6 结论模拟和实验的结果表明:用PLC作为核心,AC数字伺服电机作为执行元件和用半径跟随器完成半径补偿的系统是可行的。

该系统的特点包括:(1)松下FP系列PLC和功能模块作为控制核心。

体积小、高集成、高可靠、控制能力卓越和成本低廉让系统在高可靠和高精度方面变得紧凑和方便。

(2)纱线重取装置可以被忽略,因为伺服电机也可以执行同样的功能。

(3)模块化的软件设计易于构造的扩充和客户的二次开发。

(4)松下FPWIN_GR软件融洽的编程环境封装了在线编程的性能。

可以在线改变参数,而且其控制的效果可以视为是瞬间完成的。

参考文献:[1] Leng X W. 纤维缠绕原理。

山东:山东科学技术出版社1990.【中国】[2] Wang Q S. 基于PLC张力控制系统精度的基础和实验研究。

博士论文,哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学2005.【中国】[3] Wang C X, Wang Y Z, Lu H.使用磁粉离合器作为元件的张力控制系统。

机械与电子1999;(3):5-7. 【中国】[4] Lossie M, Brussel H V.纤维缠绕的设计原则。

复合材料制造1994;5(1):5-13.[5] Miller G A.纺织物缠绕张力的控制。

机械电子学1995;5(2):117-131.[6] Dudzinski M.理解内部驱动缠绕机第一部分。

动力传输设计1995;37(4):27-31.[7] Gerd V, Kurt H.张力控制的价值与方法。

电气电子绝缘会议的章程1997 IEEE。

NJ,USA:Piscata方式,1997;517-524.[8] Johnayers缠绕控制的奥秘获取。

动力传输设计1988;30(4):27-34.传记:REN Sheng-le出生于1979年。

2000年哈尔滨工程大学学士,2002年哈尔滨工业大学硕士,2002年哈尔滨工业大学哲学博士候选人。

现在,他的研究兴趣包括数控绕线机和张力控制系统。

E-mail: renshengle@LU Hua生于1954年。

哈尔滨工业大学硕士导师、高级工程师。

他已经完成了超过18项科研项目,并且在近几年已经发表了超过20篇学术论文。

现在,他的研究兴趣包括计算机控制NC技术。

E-mail: nc-mach@WANG Yong-zhang生于1941年。

哈尔滨工业大学教授,博士生导师。

他完成了22个科研项目和5个科研专著,并且在近几年发表了超过70篇学术论文。

现在,他的研究兴趣包括NC技术,计算机在机械制造上的应用和现代制造系统的设计、制造和控制。

E-mail: nc-mach@FU Hong-ya生于1963年。

哈尔滨工业大学教授,博士生导师。

他完成了10多个科研项目,并且在近几年发表了超过30篇学术论文。

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