修辞学小论文

The Figure of Speech

摘要辞格在修辞手段中占有很重要的地位，他指的是对一个词的普通和主要意义的偏离。对于文字工作者来说，正确使用辞格能使文章更生动，更有可读性。对于英语学习者来说，不但要会使用辞格，还要了解其英文名称。本文从明喻，隐喻，转喻，夸张，反语，拟人等几方面介绍了这几种辞格的定义及用法，并结合作者的亲身实践讨论了记忆这些专业术语的方法，最后对修辞学这门课程做了简单总结。

关键字修辞学辞格记忆方法

Abstract The figure of speech play a important role in the rhetoric, it is means that deviating from general and main meaning of a word. For a word troop,the text will be more vividly if he using the figure of speech properly. For a English learner, he should not only understand the knowledge, but also remember the spell of the professional language. This paper introduce the definition about simile , metonymy, metaphor, synecdoche, irony and personification. Meanwhile, the author discuss the way to remember the professional language combine with her practise, at last ,the paper gives a simple conclusion to the rhetoric class.

Key words: rhetoric the figure of speech artificial memory

1.Introduction of some general concepts

Words used in their original meanings are used literally,while words used in extended meanings for the purpose of making comparisons or calling up pictures in the reader's or listener's mind are used figuratively. There are various ways of using words figuratively. They are called figures of speech. Among the most common of them are:

1.1 Simile It is a comparison between two distinctly different thing and the comparison is indicated by the word as or like:

My love's like a red , red rose.

That man can't be trusted. He's as slippery as an eel.

The old man's hair is as white as snow.

In the above three example people and things of different categories are compared: a woman and a rose, a man and an eel, and hair and snow. But each pair have one similarity: loveliness, slipperiness and whiteness. The discrepancy between the two things compared makes their similarity all the more striking.

1.2 Metaphor: It is the use of a word which originally denotes one thing to refer to another with a similar quality. It is also a comparison, but the comparison is implied, not expressed with the word as or like. In sentences like " He is the soul of the team" and " Irrigation is the lifeblood of agriculture", soul and lifeblood are used mataphorically.

1.3 Metonymy It is substituting the name of one thing for that of another with which it is closely associated. Thus the crown can stand for royalty, the White House for the American government, the bottle for wine, and the bar for the legal profession. When metonymy is well used, brevity and vividness may be achived:

Sword and cross in hand, the European fell upon the America.

When the war was over, he laid down the sword and took up the pen.

His purse would not allow him that luxury.