英语定语从句关系代词

定语从句关系代词

Attributive Clause

Relative Pronoun

The person who is riding a bike is my friend.

The person

以上就是定语从句的一种：关系代词引导的定语从句。

定语从句的基本结构：

其中关系代词是重点：

关系代词可以引导定语从句。

它代表先行词在从句中作一定的句子成分。

可充当从句的主语，宾语或所有格。

但在结构上都要提前到从句句首部分，靠近先行词。比如上面的例句可以看做是两个单句，然后以关系代词引导进主句，形成了复合句。关系代词还有指人与指物之分。

常用的关系代词：

1，who 指人

2，which 指物

3，that 人或物都可指

4，whom 指人，只能做宾语

5，whose 人或物都可指，只能做所有格(从句中的定语)

(所有格)

1，关系代词可在从句中做主语：

Yesterday I helped an old man who/that lost his way. who/that做主语指代人This is a dictionary which/that will help you a lot. which/that做主语指代物2，关系代词可在从句中做宾语：

Mr Wang is the man (whom/who/that) you met in the zoo this morning.

3, 几乎万能的that即可做主语也可做宾语，既可指人也可指物

而且下面的这些特殊情况也必须用that或者作为宾语省略，

** 所以在限定性定语从句中，能用that 尽量用that。

1.当先行词为all, much, none, something, nothing, everything, the one, few, little, many, anything等不定代词时。例如：We should do all that is useful to the people. 我们应该做一切有益于人民的事情。

Is there anything that I can do for you?有什么需要我帮忙的吗？

There’s nothing that can be said about it关于这件事，已没有什么可说的了。

Do you mean the one that you bought yesterday?你指的是昨天买的那个吗？

2 当先行词被only, any, few, little, no, all, many, much等不定代词修饰时。例如：

I have finished reading all the books that I borrowed from the library. 我己经看完了所有从图书馆借来的书。

He has learned many English new words that the teacher taught him last week by heart.

上周老师教的许多新英语单词，他都用心记住了。

The only thing that we can do was to wait. 我们唯一能做的事情就是等待。

3.当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级以及the only, the very, the next, the last等修饰时。例如：

This is the first book that I bought in the shop . 这是我在这家书店买的第一本书。

This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever watched 这是我看过的最激动人心的足球赛之一。

This is the last film that has been shown in our city this year.这是我市今年放映最后一部影片。

4当先行词是形容词最高级时。例如：

This is the best that can be done now.这是现在能做的最好的办法。

This is the best apple I have ever tasted

5.先行词既指人又指物时。例如：

We talked of things and persons that we remembered. 我们谈起了我们记住的人和事儿。

6.关系代词在限制性定语从句中作表语，并带有比较的含义时。例如：

Our school is no longer the school that it was ten years ago .我们学校已经不再是十年前的样子。

7.句子的前一部分已经出现了which,为避免重复，句子的后面部分通常不再用which而用that来引导限制性定语从句.例如：

Which is the book that you bought yesterday? 哪一本书是你昨天买的？

8.当主句是以who , which 引起的特殊疑问句时，关系代词通常只用that. 例如：

Who is the man that you spoke to just now? 刚才和你说话的那个人是谁？

9.在there be句型中,只能用that,例如：

There was still a lot of homework that we had to do in our spare time.

我们在业余时间仍然必须做很多作业。

**啥时候不能用that：

1)介词前置（做宾语时已讲，介词前置+whom指人，介词前置+which 指物）

2)非限制性定语从句(后讲)

4，关系代词可在从句中做所有格：

The boy whose mother is ill is staying at home to look after her today

The book whose cover is green is not mine.

The book the cover of which is green is not mine.