高中英语语法专题四 介词和介词短语 共89张PPT

介词
用法
例句
She is the youngest
among
在表示范围时，表示 among the three “在(其)中；…….之一” sisters.她是三姐妹中
最年轻的 。
Switzerland lies between
当两个以上的人或物用and France, Germany, Austria
in & after
in表时间，常表示“在…之内”，有时in还有 “在…之后”的意思，但表示此意时，必须具 备两个条件：1.所在句子的谓语动词必须表将 来；2.后面必须是一段时间。这两个条件缺一 不可，否则就用after或later。 My father will be back in three days. My father will be back after three o’clock. My father came back after three days.
You can park your car outside our house. out of 从…里出来，侧重于从里向外
He walked out of the room and left. above 在….斜上方 The water came above our
knees.
over 在…正上方；跨越到物体的另一面，将…覆盖 1.There are several bridges over the river. 2. He climbed over a wall and ran away. on 在…上面(表面接触) He put a picture on the wall. onto 到…之上 The child climbed up onto his father’s shoulders. under 在..正下方 A policeman is standing under an umbrella.
词义
over
above
相当于more than， 用 于 表 示 与
多于 其 反 义 词 是 under “最低限度”
（=less than）
或“标准”有
关的事物
在 …. 强调控制、掌握、 强调级别、地
之上 权威、优越等
位、重要性等
over & above
• She’s been here forover two hours.
• for：用于表示“起程”“出发”“离开” 的动词（词组）如leave， set off，start之后， 表示“去某地”
• towards： 朝…
• The door openstowards/ttohe mountain.
• He is leaving for Beijing tomorrow. • What time do you start for school in
over 在…期间；贯穿（一段时 We had a
间）；与during同义
pleasant chat
over a cup of tea.
during over through填空
Let’s discuss it over lunch. During/ Ovtheer past 10 years, great changes have
From then on she knew she would win.
I lost my money and I have been worried since then.
The meeting lasted for three hours yesterday.
介词
During 在…期 间
during over through
for from since
for: 后接时间段，表示行为或状态持续了多久。 可与现在完成时、过去完成时、一般过去时或一般将 来时连用 from: 后接时间点，表示行为或状态的起始点，而不涉 及其持续时间的长短。 句子的时态根据from后的时间定，from+过去时间点， 用一般过去时；from+现在/将来时间点，用一般将来 时 since: 后接时间点，不仅表示行为或状态的起始点， 而且还强调该行为或状态从起始点一直持续到说话的 时刻，因而常与延续性动词的完成时连用
the morning?
时间介词
时间介词：in on at
介词 in
图解 笼统
on
用法
表示在某段较长的时间内(如：世 纪、年代、年份、季节、月份、 朝代及泛指上午、下午和傍晚等)
1.表示在具体的某一天，日期 2.含有“Day”的节假日中 3.表示具体的某一天或某天的上 午、下午或晚上 4.在on time（准时）这一段短语 中
用法
例句
指某个动作或状态在某个时间段 He often falls
里或整个过程中断断续续地发生 过多次，或在整个时间段里的某
asleep
during
一点发生过，起止时间比较明显 the class.
through 在…期间； 从….开头到结尾
Tom was brave
through
his
father’s illness.
over & above
1000 meters above sea level 海拔1000米 He’s over fifty.他已年过半百了。 He always puts his students above everything. 他总是把自己的学生置于一切事情之上。
He has little control over his emotions.他控 制不住自己的感情。
place off the main road at the far end of the lake.
among、between
• Some students often listen to music between classes to refresh themselves.
• Four Chinese models weraemong the 14 people awarded prizes on Friday at the World Supermodel Competition.
till/ until
I shall wait until ten o’clock. until比till更正式。 I didn’t go to sleep until
midnight.
用before,by, until填空
We’ll have finished the work by ten o’clock tomorrow. I usually take a bath before having my breakfast. Up until last year, they didn’t even own a car.
介词 图解
at 具体
用法
1.表示在时间的某一刻 2.在不含有“Day”的节假日中 3.在习语中
in on at
在星期天上午 on Sunday morning
பைடு நூலகம்
• 在三月初 • 在儿童节
at the beginning of March on Children’s Day
• 在19世纪20年代 in the 1820s
早于；在…之前 先后顺序，与一般
completed
before
the
end
时连用
of the year.
By 强调已完 成，与完
1在.表（示某“时不）迟前于”….，All of you are to arrive at 2.表示“在….期间，school by seven o’clock.
成时连用 在…时间内”
• A great person is always putting others’
interests above his own. • He is above average intelligence.
to for towards
• to: 1.用于go, come, walk, run, dash, rush, move, fly, return, lend, take等表示来往行动 的动词后，意为“到达…..” 2. 等于towards， 意为“in the direction of（朝）”
词后，+三者或三者以上复数名词， among/between均可
among/between
his
five
sons.
on & in
• Birds are singing in the tree.
• There are lots of apples on the tree.
• 区别：树本身生长出来的枝叶花果等在树 上。用on；反之用in
below 在…斜下方 beneath 紧贴在….的下方 by/beside 在…旁边
past/by 从…旁边经过 near/close to 在….附近 next to 紧挨着….. behind 在…的后面 in front of / before 在…外部的前面 in the front of 在….内部的前面，
• Mongolia is/lies on the north of China.
• Shandong Province is/lies to the northeast of Hubei Province.
• Lily lives in a flat just off Park Avenue.
介词 in
反义词at the back of around 围绕…… from从….（起点）来 across 横过….，在….（街、河等）对面
through 穿过，透过 along 沿着 away from/off 从某处落下或离开 between 在两者之间 among 在三者或三者以上之间
易混方位介词的用法
专题四 介词与介词短语
用来表明名词、代词与句中其他词的关系的词叫做 介词。介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，需要和它后 面的词共用充当句子成分。
方位介词
in/inside 在…里
The students are reading in the classroom. into 进入 Throw it into the fire. outside 在…外面
on to off
用法 图解
表示在某范 围之内
表示“毗 邻”“接壤”
表示在某范围 之外且不接壤
off强调两地间 隔着一小段距
离
in on to off
用介词in,off,to 填空
• Japan lies to the east of China. • Beijing lies in the north of China. • The Well Hotel stands in a quiet
three days later.
in after later填空
• It will be finished in an hour. • He returnedafter a few days. • They finished their lessons at four
and a little while later they went out to take a walk.
连接时
and Italy
强调每两者之间的关系 the difference between
the three of them
between 表示“由于…合作的结果” Between them they
时
landed the fish.
在share, divide等表示分享之类的动 He divided his money
taken place in this area.
thCroludg-bhlooded animals hibernate(过冬，冬眠)
the winter. over: over a five-year period.
before by till/until
介词
用法
例句
before
The new road will be
•at & in
• 二者均表示地点，“在..之处”。at用于较 小的地方，如门牌号码前；in用于指较大的 地方
Eg: We’ll meet each other at my home. Mr. White lived in Hong Kong for 20 years.
in on to off
• Shandong Province is/lies in the east of China.