中英文文献翻译—双离合器变速箱

附录A

双离合器变速箱(Dual Clutch Transmission，以下简称DCT)是当前发展最迅速的新型变速箱，它以传统手动变速箱为基础加入双离合器和电控组件，获得优异的性能表现和良好的燃油经济性。已经成为继可变气门正时、可变气门升程、涡轮增压和缸内直喷之后的又一个技术亮点。简单说来DCT是两个传统手动变速箱的集合体(分别为奇数和偶数挡)，拥有两个离合器，两根输入轴，但仅有一根输出轴。离合器的分离与接合，以及挡位切换都在电脑的掌控下通过液压机构进行控制，因此也能提供手动换挡模式。动力传递效率高(意味着油耗低)、挡位切换迅速和成本低于传统自动变速箱是双离合器变速箱的三大优势，因此得到越来越广泛的应用。双离合器变速箱由法国人Adolphe Kégresse在二战前发明，计划用于配备充满传奇色彩的雪铁龙Traction，但当时的市场状况并不适合商业应用。双离合器变速箱在等待了半个世纪后才开始配备民用车。上世纪80年代初，保时捷自行研发了全球首台双离合器变速箱，利用电控系统将双离合器变速箱的结构变得足够紧凑，称为Doppelkupplungsgetriebe(德语，简称PDK)。首款PDK 双离合器变速箱抢先配备956和962勒芒赛车，以及奥迪Sport Quattro S1拉力赛车，并获得不俗战绩。但赛场与市场毕竟存在不小的距离，双离合器又花费了二十年降低成本和提升耐用度才成功实现商用。大众于2002年为高尔夫R32(第四代高尔夫，PQ34平台，2003款)配备DSG(Direct-Shift Gearbox)双离合器变速箱，这是双离合器变速箱首次配备量产车。与传统自动变速箱相比，大众的这台DSG省去了液力变矩器和行星齿轮组，取而代之的是湿式双离合器和简单的斜齿轮。

附录B

Dual Clutch Transmission (Dual Clutch Transmission, hereinafter referred to as DCT) is the current development of the most rapidly, which, in the new gearbox traditional manual gearbox as the foundation to join two Clutch and electronic components, obtains the excellent performance and good fuel economy. Has become the variable valve timing, variable valve lift, turbocharged and cylinder direct injection after another a technology window. Simple speaking DCT are two traditional manual gearbox assembly (for the odd and even respectively block), having two clutch, two of the input shaft, but only a single output shaft. The separation of the clutch, and block a switch and engage in the computer controlled through hydraulic mechanism, so also can provide control manual shift patterns. Power transfer efficiency high (low), means that the fuel consumption of the block a switch quickly and cost less than traditional automatic transmission is double the clutch gearbox three advantages, so to get more and more widely. Dual clutch transmission by French Adolphe Kegresse before world war ii, plan for invention with legendary Citroen, but at that time the market breaks condition is not suitable for business applications. Two clutch gearbox waiting for the half a century after the civil cars equipped with. In the 1980 s, the developed by the global porsche, for the first time, two clutch transmission using electronic control system will double the clutch gearbox structure compact enough to be called Doppelkupplungsgetriebe (German, PDK), referred to. The first two clutch PDK transmission beat equipped with 956 and 962 le mans, and audi Quattro racing Sport car, and obtain the S1 rally not common record. But playing with the market there exists considerable distance, after all, two clutch and spent twenty years lower costs and enhance the durability to realize commercial success. The public in 2002 for golf R32 (the fourth generation of golf, PQ34 platform, 2003 of DSG) with (Direct-vw) two clutch transmission Shift, this is the first time two clutch Gearbox equipped with mass production car. Compared with the traditional automatic transmission, the public this machine DSG tell the hydraulic torque converter and planetary gear set, to be replaced by the wet double clutch and simple inclined gear.