中山陵日语导游词

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南京中山陵导游词南京中山陵解说词

南京中山陵导游词南京中山陵解说词

南京中山陵导游词南京中山陵解说词中山陵位于南京第二峰小茅山的南麓,是伟大的中国民主革命先行者孙中山先生的陵墓,它是南京民国时期的著名建筑,现已成为南京的名片和标志。

下面是店铺为大家整理的南京中山陵导游词,希望可以帮助到你。

南京中山陵导游词【一】各位团友,今天我们将要参观的景点是中山陵。

中山陵位于南京第二峰小茅山的南麓,是伟大的中国民主革命先行者孙中山先生的陵墓,它是南京民国时期的著名建筑,现已成为南京的名片和标志,也是国家首批5A级景区之一。

首先,让我们来了解一下孙中山先生这个人。

孙中山先生名孙文,字逸仙,因在日本从事革命活动时曾用过“中山樵”的化名,所以国内尊称他为中山先生,而外国友人常称他为孙逸仙博士。

1866年出生,少年时在檀香山、香港等地求学,毕业后在广州、澳门等地行医,后弃医从政;1905年在日本组织成立了中国同盟会,提出了“驱除鞑虏,恢复中华,建立民国,平均地权”的纲领,以及“民主、民生、民权”三民主义学说;1911年辛亥革命后,被推举为中华民国临时大总统;1912年元旦宣誓就职,袁世凯窃过后,他又先后领导了“二次革命”“护国运动”“护法运动”等;1925年3月12日因积劳成疾在北京病逝。

中山陵的墓址是孙中山先生生前选定的,在1912年4月1日也就是孙中山为求南北和平统一毅然辞去总统职务的次日,孙中山先生与胡汉民等人曾到紫金山一带打猎,他环视周围地形,笑对左右说:“待我他日辞世后,愿向国民乞此一柸土,以安置躯壳尔”。

中山陵是由青年建筑师吕彦直设计的,依山而筑,坐北朝南,西邻明孝陵,东毗灵谷寺,墓地全局呈“警钟”形图案。

中山陵自1926年春动工至1929年夏建成。

1929年6月1日正午12时举行“奉安大典”孙中山先生的灵柩葬于墓穴内就从未打开过。

陵前部分:(2分钟) 现在我们来到的是中山陵的半月形广场。

广场南面的八角形石台上有一尊紫铜宝鼎,高4.25米,腹径1.23米,重5000公斤,是中山陵的纪念性建筑之一,此鼎是1933秋由广州中山大学校长戴季陶和全体师生捐赠,鼎的腹部铸有“智、仁、勇”三个字是中山大学的校训,鼎内还刻戴母黄氏手术《孝经》全文,所以此鼎又名孝经鼎。

南京中山陵导游词精选(3篇)

南京中山陵导游词精选(3篇)

南京中山陵导游词精选(3篇)导游词在很多时候也让很多导游头疼过吧,如果你当过导游,那你一定知道什么是导游词吧。

一篇完整的导游词,其结构一般包括习惯用语、概括介绍、重点讲解三个部分,只有不断地完善和修改,我们才能把导游词变成自己的东西,您知道这个导游词应该要怎么下笔吗?如果您对“南京中山陵导游词”感到好奇请阅读以下精心准备的资料,以下内容仅供参考请大家仔细阅读!南京中山陵导游词篇1中山陵亲爱的朋友们,来到历史文化名城,一定要去看看该地区最著名、最有特色的景点。

到了南京,如果不去中山陵,只能看到南京的一半。

虽然南京号称:“六朝古都”拥有“金陵四十景”等等,但中山陵无疑是最具吸引力和知名度的名胜之一。

说起中山陵,当然要提到它的主人,伟大的中国人民——主革命的先驱孙中山先生。

孙先生本名孙文,字逸仙。

外国朋友称他为“孙逸仙博士”。

因为他在日本从事革命活动时使用了"中山桥"他的别名,所以他在中国被尊为孙中山先生。

孙中山1866年11月12日出生于广东省象山县翠横村。

他野心不大,在檀香山、香港等地读书。

毕业后在广州澳门行医。

后来弃医从政,于1905年在日本组织了中国同盟会,被选为并提出了“驱逐满洲、恢复中国、建立人民国家、平均地权”的著名纲领,以及“民族、民权、民生”三民主义理论。

1911年10月10日武昌起义爆发后,孙先生被十七省代表推举为中华人民共和国临时总统,并于次年元旦在南京宣誓就职。

从那以后,我经历了“袁世凯窃国”第二次革命民族保护运动保护法运动”1921年,他在广州就任中华人民共和国临时总统。

1924年1月在广州召开的中国第一次全国代表大会上,他把旧的三民主义发展成新的三民主义,并“提出:联俄共助农工”三大政策。

同年11月,应冯玉祥邀请,北上商讨国家计划,于1925年3月12日在北京操劳过度而死。

中山陵的墓址是孙先生生前选定的。

视野开阔,气候壮丽,是修建陵墓的好地方。

你可能会问;孙先生生于广东,死于北京。

中山陵中英文导游词(精选5篇)

中山陵中英文导游词(精选5篇)

中山陵中英文导游词(精选5篇)中山陵中英文篇1中山陵各位朋友,来到一座历史文化名城,你们一定想去看看当地最有名气、最具特色的景点吧。

到了南京,如果没去中山陵,可以说你只看到了半个南京城。

尽管南京素有"六朝古都"之称,拥有"金陵四十景"等众多名胜古迹,但中山陵无疑是其中最具吸引力、最有知名度的一个。

说起中山陵,当然要提到它的主人--伟大的中国民-主革命先行者孙中山先生。

孙先生本名孙文,字逸仙。

外国友人都称呼他为"孙逸仙博士"。

因为他在日本从事革命活动时曾用过"中山樵"的化名,所以他在国内被尊称为孙中山先生。

孙中山1866年11月12日出生于广东香山县(今中山市)翠亨村的一个农民家庭。

他少有大志,先后求学于檀香山、香港等地,毕业后在广州、澳门等地行医。

后来他弃医从政,并于1920xx年在日本组织中国同盟会,被推举为,提出了"驱除按虏,恢复中华,建立民-国,平均地权"的著名纲领,及"民族、民权、民生"的三民-主义学说。

1920xx年10月10日武昌起义爆发后,孙先生被十七省代表推举为中华民-国临时大总统,并于次年元旦在南京宣誓就职。

此后,经历了"袁世凯窃国""二次革命""护国运动""护-法运动"等风风雨雨,1920xx年他在广州就任中华民-国非常大总统。

在1920xx年1月广州召开的中国国民党第一次全国代表大会上,他将旧三民-主义发展为新三民-主义,提出了"联俄联共扶助农工"的三大政策。

同年11月他应冯玉祥之邀抱病北上讨论国家大计,终因积劳成疾,于1920xx年3月12日在北京逝世。

中山陵的墓址是孙先生生前选定的。

这里视野开阔,气象雄伟,的确是建造陵墓的好地方。

你们也许会问;孙先生出生于广东,逝世在北京,毕生为革命奔波于各地,为什么要选择南京作为自己的长眠之地呢?据说,早在1920xx年孙先生就任临时大总统时,灵谷寺的住持和尚就曾向他推荐过这块"前临平川,后拥青嶂"的风水宝地。

介绍中山陵的导游词(通用5篇)

介绍中山陵的导游词(通用5篇)

介绍中山陵的导游词(通用5篇)介绍中山陵的篇1今天,天气特别的热。

火辣辣的太阳像烤炉一样当头照。

小草热的低下了头;小狗热的吐着舌头;就连路上的行人热的也无影无踪。

这已经不是我第一次来中山陵了,小的时候,也来过,但至今脑子里只有模糊的片段。

但今年,我11岁了,希望能通过今天,来给我一个不一样的中山陵。

来到中山陵的大门口,一下子就映入眼帘的就是高耸入云的台阶。

它是用白色的大理石做成的。

台阶上的人很多,他们有的背了一个大背包,有的戴了一顶太阳帽,有的手里还拿着一瓶矿泉水。

看了这一切,我也迫不及待了,立刻快步走上台阶,来到第一道门。

“那是什么?”“博爱是什么?”“博爱是谁说的?”听着周边游客议论着什么什么爱的,我的心里不犹有些好奇,就问:“那个什么什么爱的是什么意思呀?”妈妈摸了摸我的头,告诉我说:“是博爱吧!他是国父孙中山先生说的,意思是:不能自私自利,要有爱心,心胸要宽广。

通过了第一道门,我和爸爸,妈妈,哥哥又挤进了去第二道门的人流。

火辣辣的太阳好像也在于我们同行,我们走到哪儿,它跟到哪儿,累的我们双腿发软。

我一屁股坐在了地上,气呼呼的说到:“不爬了,不爬了,我的腿骨都要散架了,你们先上去吧!”“喂!”哥哥瞟了我一眼,说:“你不会就这么点能耐吧?还不如我!”虽然知道哥哥用的是“激将法”可我哪能让他嚣张?我不服输的性格那是一贯的!是呀!坚持就是胜利!哥哥说的不错!想到这里,我立刻从地上爬了起来继续走,“1,2,3,,,,,,,21,22,23”我一个一个台阶数着,在不知不觉中,我们来到了第二道门,它的的外形真特别!是一个圆形的拱门,门头上是用青色的琉璃瓦搭建而成,青色代表的是:苍天。

在这道门上还有用金灿灿的亮漆刻上去的四个大字:天下为公。

意思是:要对别人像对自己的亲人一样,要站在国家一方想事。

啊!看到去第三道门的石阶,我们还不得不倒吸一口凉气,真的好长!大约有600多级呢!等我们好不容易才上去时,(虽然中间有很多的放弃,但还是上来了)才明白第三道门上的字,它们是:民族,民权,民生,这是孙中山的三民主义。

介绍中山陵的导游词

介绍中山陵的导游词

介绍中山陵的导游词中山陵地处于南京市东郊紫金山南麓,是中华民国国父、中国民主革命先行者孙中山的陵墓。

下面是店铺带来的介绍中山陵的导游词,欢迎大家阅读。

篇一:介绍中山陵的导游词步入中山陵大门,我被中山陵的高大和雄伟所吸引了,我们首先来到了陵园广场。

广场四周屹立着一棵棵苍松,它们看上去是那样的青翠欲滴,那样的生机勃勃。

它们象征着孙中山先生的革命精神永远不倒,又恰似革命事业万古长青,生生不息。

继续往前走,一座巍峨耸立着的牌坊便映入眼帘,抬头仰望,由孙中山先生题写的“博爱”两个大字赫然显现在牌坊中央,这苍劲有力的两个字告诫人们,要只求奉献,不求索取;要用大海般的胸怀去关爱天下每一个人从牌坊开始上达祭堂,共有石阶392级,8个平台。

我们一边向上攀登,一边拍照留影。

走到一半,我向上看了看发现,映入眼帘的只有台阶,没有平台。

我再回头往下看时,却只能看见平台,看不见台阶了。

我问导游:“中山陵的台阶设计得这么巧妙,可有什么含义呢?”导游说:“从下往上看,只有台阶,寓意着前面的路很艰辛。

而从上往下看,全是平台,寓意着当经过了艰辛和磨难以后,看自己走过的路,发现过去的路也很平坦。

”奥,我明白了:其实学习也是一样,会经常遇到一些棘手的问题,一旦你弄明白了,才感觉并不是那么难。

处在山顶最高峰的祭堂,有三个拱门,上面书写着孙中山先生所创导的三民主义“民族”、“民权”、“民生”。

堂中置放着孙中山先生的坐像,高4.6米,逼真生动,再进入一扇铜门,可以看见一座汉白玉雕像-孙中山先生静静地躺在灵柩上.听导游说,孙中山先生的躯体在紫铜棺内,被混泥土浇筑在离地面5米的地下... 我久久地站着,心里默默的向这位老一辈革命家致敬!中山陵之旅,带给我的不仅仅是饱览美景的喜悦,更多的是对社会的思考,对民族的热爱,对领袖的敬意。

作为记忆,将永远铭刻在我的心中。

篇二:介绍中山陵的导游词走过牌坊,顺着墓道,跨过陵门,那连绵不断的台阶映入我的眼帘。

拾级而上,来到第五层平台,可以看见一对大铜鼎,上刻“奉安大典”字样,是当时上海特别市政府捐赠的。

中山陵日语导游词5篇

中山陵日语导游词5篇

中山陵日语导游词5篇导游词是导游人员引导游客观光游览时的讲解词,是导游员同游客交流思想,向游客传播文化知识的工具,也是应用写作研究的文体之一。

以下是整理的中山陵日语导游词5篇,欢迎阅读参考!中山陵日语导游词(1)前にある城门は、中山门といいます。

もともとは朝阳门と呼ばれていましたが、孙中山(孙文)を记念するため中山门と名前を改めたとのことです。

この城壁は、600年前の明王朝の初めに筑かれたものです。

明の初代皇帝、朱元章は南京に都を置いた後、自分の支配を固めるために20万人もの人々を使って、18年间かけてこの城壁を筑き上げました。

周囲の长さは33.6キロメートルです。

现在の城壁は、半分が当时のまま保存されています。

南京城は、いま世界に残されている古いお城の中で最大のものです。

この辺りは东郊风地区といいます。

南京の东の郊外の名所地です。

この辺りにはいろいろな木がたくさん植えられていますが、特にプラタナスの并木はとてもきれいです。

夏の暑い日にはこの辺りを散策するととても凉しいです。

もうすぐ中山陵に到着しますが、中山陵について少しご绍介させていただきます。

中华考试网中山陵は、わが国の伟大な革命先駆者、孙中山(孙文)先生のご陵墓です。

孙中山先生のことについてはみなさんもよくご存知かもしれませんが、简単にご绍介させていただきます。

孙中山先生の名は「文」、字を「逸仙」といいます。

日本では「孙文」という名前のほうがよく知られていると思います。

孙文先生は1866年11月12日、広东省香山県の农家に生まれ、(现在この県は孙中山先生の名にちなんで中山県と改名されています。

)1925年3月12日、病のためこの世を去っています。

享年59歳でした。

そして孙文先生の生前の愿いに従って、1929年6月1日にここ南京に葬られました。

孙文先生は40年もの长い时间を中华民族の振兴のために尽くされました。

ところで先生の出身地も、亡くなった场所も南京ではないのにどうして南京に葬られたと思いますか?1911年、辛亥革命が成功した後、孙文先生は南京に中华民国临时政府をつくって、临时大统领に就任されました。

游江苏南京中山陵的导游词三篇

游江苏南京中山陵的导游词三篇

游江苏南京中山陵的导游词三篇导游词一:南京中山陵尊敬的各位游客,大家好!欢迎来到南京中山陵。

我是今天的导游,将为大家介绍这座历史悠久、文化底蕴深厚的景点。

中山陵,是中国现存最大规模的近现代陵园,也是中华人民共和国国父孙中山先生的陵墓。

中山陵位于南京玄武湖畔,占地约80万平方米,由主陵、配陵和陵园组成。

首先,我带大家参观主陵。

主陵由纪念建筑、墓室和石刻组成。

纪念建筑是中山陵的核心部分,它是一座气势恢宏的大理石拱门,高达30米,宽60米,象征着中山先生的崇高地位和伟大贡献。

墓室是中山陵的主体建筑,里面陈列着孙中山先生的遗像和遗物,是缅怀先烈、追思先贤的重要场所。

石刻则是中山陵的重要文化遗产,它们以楷书、行书、草书等形式刻有孙中山先生的名言警句和精神理念,展示了他的思想和精神风貌。

接下来,我们参观配陵。

配陵是中山陵的附属建筑,是为了纪念孙中山先生的配偶宋庆龄夫人而建。

配陵与主陵相通,是由一条长长的石阶连接起来的。

配陵内有夫人的墓室和纪念馆,展示了宋庆龄夫人的事迹和贡献,让人们更好地了解这位为中华民族解放事业做出巨大贡献的伟大女性。

最后,我们参观陵园。

中山陵的陵园以其宜人的环境和独特的景观而闻名,这里有着各种各样的花卉、树木和湖泊,给人一种宁静、舒适的感觉。

陵园的中央是一座巍峨的石碑,上刻有孙中山先生的遗训:“天下为公”。

陵园的四周还有孙中山先生的雕像和纪念碑,以及纪念孙中山先生的大型群雕,展示了中山先生对于中国革命和民主事业的无私奉献。

各位游客朋友们,中山陵是中华民族的骄傲,是中国现代历史的重要见证,也是民族团结和爱国主义教育的重要基地。

希望大家在这里能够感受到孙中山先生的伟大精神,激发起对祖国的热爱之情。

接下来,请大家跟随我,一起欣赏中山陵的壮丽景色吧!导游词二:南京中山陵各位游客朋友们,大家好!欢迎来到南京中山陵,我是今天的导游。

中山陵是中国近现代史上一座极为重要的纪念建筑,它是中国人民的精神家园,更是孙中山先生的永恒丰碑。

中山陵的日语介绍

中山陵的日语介绍

中山陵的日语介绍
南京中山陵
南京駅から9路バス終点。

南京市の東郊、紫金山中部の第2峰茅山の南麓にある。

緑樹が生い茂り、此では新鮮さを感じさせる空気と静寂感。

『天下為公』三民主義の孫中山の陵墓。

1926年に着工·29年に完成。

同年6月1日北京・碧雲寺から遺体を移し安置した。

陵墓は木鐸形で・南から北へ山肌沿いに墓道・陵門・牌亭・平台を配し、最高部に祭堂と墓室を設置。

墓室は海抜158m墓道の入口から700m余りの場所に位置し花崗岩で築いた392段の石段がある。

祭堂に孫中山の石造全身座像を安置し周囲には孫中山の業績を描いたレリーフが一段と輝いて見えた。

又四方の壁に著書『建国大綱』が彫られていた。

此の著書・建国大綱は1924年4月表したもの。

祭堂の背後は球形の墓室になっている。

中央に大理石造りの壙(あな)があり其中に長方形の墓穴を穿ち棺上に永眠する孫中山(1866-1925)の臥像を彫り極めて静謐にして厳粛である。

陵園の総面積は3000ha余りそのうち山林が1200ha余りを占める。

全山が青あおとした松柏に覆われている。

陵墓の前方は広大な平原に臨み背後には巍峨たる山脈を負い配置が厳正かつ雄大。

中国の伝統的民俗的風格を漂わす。

(文章中的空格其实是小点,因为网页无法正确显示,所以改成空格)。

南京中山陵导游解说词3篇_导游词范文_

南京中山陵导游解说词3篇_导游词范文_

南京中山陵导游解说词3篇中山陵由南往北沿中轴线逐渐升高,依次为广场、石坊、墓道、陵门、碑亭、祭堂、墓室。

下面是,为大家准备的南京中山陵导游范文,希望大家喜欢!南京中山陵导游解说词范文1国家4A级旅游景区。

原名陵园,位于钟山第二峰小茅山南麓,是伟大的革命先行者孙中山的陵墓。

它坐北朝南,依山而筑,由半圆形广场、牌坊、墓道、陵门、碑亭、祭堂和墓室组成。

墓室在海拔165米处,与起点平面距离700米,上下落差73米。

整组建筑总平面取“自由钟”图案,表“使天下皆达道”之义。

瞻仰者由下仰望,但见浩瀚林海衬映着碧瓦银墙,宛如伟人之浩然正气,与大地同存。

恢宏的陵墓工程于1920xx年3月奠基,1920xx年春竣工。

同年5月28日,孙中山灵柩由北京运抵南京,6月1日在中山陵举行奉安大典。

经过相关部门的着手打造,耗资40亿元,大力整治长达四年之久的南京中山陵园风景区,近日完工后的新景点将陆续向公众免费开放,经过此次整顿之后,在原有的景区核心区周边新建成前湖公园、琵琶湖公园、梅花谷公园、下马坊遗址公园、博爱园、钟山运动园、营盘山公园等7座各具特色的公园。

中山陵自广场至祭堂坡度逐段加大,由博爱坊望祭堂,仰角为9度,由碑亭仰望祭堂,仰角提高到19度,中山陵392级台阶,拾级而上,步步增添庄重、崇敬之感。

走完石阶到达大平台,回首俯视则一个石阶也看不见了,只见其间的八个平台连成一片,如同平地,当你站在大平台上,举目远眺,群峰皆居脚下,陵园景色尽收眼底,岗峦叠翠,松柏苍苍,亭台楼阁,气象万千。

此次新建的前湖公园位于明城墙脚下的北临中山植物园,展示20xx多种热带植物;梅花山扩建而成的梅花谷公园占地1533亩,梅花由1.5万株增加到近4万株,品种达350多个,成为“天下第一梅山”。

而下马坊遗址公园以1.1公里长的孝陵神道为主线,沿线分布三组石刻建筑和新出土不久的高浮雕龙纹石碑、观音阁大石壁、康熙“奉旨免三则碑”等大量明清珍贵石刻文物,极有观赏价值。

中山陵导游词范文三篇

中山陵导游词范文三篇

中山陵导游词范文三篇中山陵导游词范文一各位游客朋友们,大家好!欢迎来到南京中山陵,这是一座庄严肃穆的纪念性建筑,也是中国近代史上一座重要的历史遗址。

中山陵坐落在紫金山之巅,占地约8万平方米,是中国现代史上最伟大的革命家孙中山先生的陵墓,也是中国革命先烈的纪念地。

首先,我将带领大家参观中山陵的主体建筑。

中山陵是一座具有浓厚中国古典风格的建筑,它由南京城内的紫金山上的山峦组成,整体呈现出一种气势恢宏的雄伟景象。

陵墓以石匾门为入口,门额上镶嵌着孙中山先生手书的“中山陵”三个大字,门前两侧的石狮更显雄壮威武。

接下来,我们将参观陵墓的主要建筑,其中包括孙中山先生的陵墓和纪念堂。

陵墓位于山顶中央,是以大理石建成的,其庄严肃穆的氛围让人肃然起敬。

而纪念堂则是建筑在山腰处的大型建筑群,内部陈设有孙中山先生的铜像和各种珍贵历史文物,展示了孙中山先生的一生事迹和伟大成就。

其次,我们将参观中山陵的园林景观。

中山陵的园林景观以“山水相依、人文共融”为主题,将自然景观与人文景观有机结合,营造出一种沁人心脾的意境。

登上陵墓山顶,可以俯瞰整个紫金山的美丽风光,山水相依,景色宜人。

而山下的园林景观则是以湖光山色和古建筑为主题,精心打造了一系列的园林景观,使得中山陵成为了一座融自然美和人文美于一体的园林名胜。

最后,我将向大家介绍中山陵的历史意义和纪念意义。

中山陵是中国近代史上一座重要的历史遗址,它见证了孙中山先生的光辉一生和中国的革命历程。

在建造中山陵的过程中,全国上下万众一心,共同营造了这座伟大的陵墓。

中山陵是中国人民对革命先烈的深切缅怀,也是对革命精神的永久传承。

中山陵的存在,让我们铭记了历史,也让我们更加珍惜今天的和平与安宁。

在结束之前,我希望大家都能在这里感受到一份敬仰和敬畏,珍惜和平,珍惜今天的美好生活。

谢谢大家!中山陵导游词范文二各位游客朋友们,大家好!欢迎来到南京中山陵,中山陵是中国近代史上一座重要的历史遗址,也是中国现代史上最伟大的革命家孙中山先生的陵墓。

Tour guide for Dr_ Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum中山陵新版导游词

Tour guide for Dr_ Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum中山陵新版导游词

中山陵新版英文口语导游词Dr. Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum( By JankleShang)(Mr. Sun Zhongshan)Dr. Sun Yat-sen (1866-1925) was a great forerunner of the Chinese democratic revolution, regarded as the father of the Republic of China.He put forward the famous guiding principle- the Three Principles of the People -"Nationalism, Democracy and the People's Livelihood."Dr. Sun led the Chinese people overthrew the corrupt rule of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) and ended 2000 years of the feudal monarchy system, brought the Chinese peoples to a new age.Since he took "Woodcutter in Zhoushan" as his alias when he took part in the revolutionary activities, he was respectfully and widely called Mr. Sun Zhongshan in China, and this mausoleum is so called Zhongshanling.He broke down from constant overwork and passed away on March 12, 1925 in his 59.( By JankleShang)(Brief intro)Covering an area of 80,000 square meters (about 20 acres), Dr. Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum is located in the east suburb of Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province.The Mausoleum is considered the Holy land of Chinese people both home and abroad.With deep historical significance, magnificent architecture and beautiful scenery, it is a must to see when traveling in Nanjing.The reason Dr. Sun chose Zijing Mountain as his tomb is to commemorate the revolution of 1911 and to encourage the revolutionaries, although he was born in Guangdong and died in Beijing.(Besides, it’s a place with enchanting scenery and it was convenient for construction.)The construction of the mausoleum was started in 1926 and completed in 1929.The place of the Mausoleum is like a "duo"(铎), a big wooden bell, which was used to announce a policy, decree or a war in ancient time.A bell's sound is loud and clear, implying to make the whole world peaceful and happy.The design reminds the people of Dr. Sun Yat-sen's well-known saying ‘The revolution hasn’t succeeded; comrades need to make more effort.’This saying also serves an alert to the later generation.The structures are regarded as the most outstanding mausoleum in Chinese modernarchitectural history.( By JankleShang)(Zhongshan Road and Mausoleum Road)In order to meet Mr. Sun's coffin, the first asphalt road was built in Nanjingand named Zhongshan Road. Up to today, Zhangshan Road is still one of the most important main roads.The Chaoyang City Gate which was built in Ming Dynasty was renovated and changedits name to Zhongshan Gate.Between Zhongshang Gate and Dr. Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum, a road called the Mausoleum Road was built.The ‘French plane trees’ growing along both sides is actually Chinese local product in Yunnan Province.Just because people didn’t know them until Frenchman transplanted them to Shanghai.(Half-moon Square.)The square is the bottom of the "Bell of Freedom".The square is understated and modest, while endowing grandeur to the Mausoleum.( By JankleShang)(The copper "ding)"The copper "ding" (an ancient cooking vessel) is 5000 kg weight and 4.25 metershigh and its diameter is 1.23 meters.It was built in autumn, 1933 with donation of students and teaching staff of the Zhongshan University and Mr. Dai Jitao.Te three characters on it’s side (read Zhi,Ren,Yong,) mean “Intelligence, Mercy and Courageous". These three words are the school instruction of Zhongshan University.(Inside of the "ding")On the copper tablet is Dai Jitao's mother's handwriting of the "Doctrine of Filial Piety".It reads Xiaojing in Chinese, so this pottery is widely known as Xiaojing Ding.To the bell-shaped mausoleum, the "ding” is just like the pendulum.( By JankleShang)(Paifang , Stele Gateway)The memorial gateway was built between 1931 and 1933, 12meters high and 17.3 meters in width.It is made of huge Granite from Fujian Province, but its structure is in Chinese traditional wood structure style.The characters on the archway reads ‘Bo Ai' meaning ‘wide love', or fraternity.They are Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s handwriting.The original inscriptions were raised characters which were shoveled during the Cultural Revolution.What we see now were caved after the Cultural Revolution.It is said that Mr. Sun very much liked to write these two words for others.Dr. Sun devoted his whole life to the national independence and a better living of the people.So we can say that "fraternity" is the best generalization of his life.( By JankleShang)(Pass way)This pass way is 480 meters (about 1574 feet) long and 40 meters (about 131 feet) wide.The pines, cypresses, ginkgoes and maples on the both sides of represent Mr. Sun's revolutionary spirit and lofty quality.They take the place of statues and stone beasts which usually flanked the sacred road in ancient times.Among the trees, cedar is one of the "four kinds of tree for appreciation" and has been honored as the tree of Nanjing City.( By JankleShang)(Frontispiece),This Frontispiece is some 16.5 meters (about 54 feet) high and 27 meters (about 88 feet) wide.It is made of granite from the Fujian Province, too.The inscription on the horizontal board of the middle passage is Dr. SunYat-sen's handwriting.It means that the state doesn't belong to one family but belongs to the entire nation and the common people.This is the goal for which Mr. Sun struggled for his whole life and it is also the main meaning of the Three People's Principles.( By JankleShang)(Stele Pavilion )The great stele is 9 meters (about 29 feet) high and 4 meters (about 13 feet) wide, was erected by Kuomintang in memory of Dr. Sun Yat-sen.On the stele there are just 24 Chinese characters carved in Yan Zhenqing style, "Chinese KMT buried Premier Sun here on June 1, 18th year of the Republic of China". These words were written by one of the founder members of KMT, Tan Yankai.And no epitaphs on the stele as people think that there are no words capable of representing this giant of modern China.( By JankleShang)(Stone Steps)Each section of the steps are leaning at different ratio .We can’t see any platform from the bottom, neither any steps from the top.(This means the road is totally tough when we strike to the task; and we mustn’t forget the hidden danger below while we are at the top. ...)This unique design has bean copied in Wuxi.(The total number of the steps from the gateway is 392.Some people have been exploring its special meaning. Several different farfetched sayings have been created. But none of them is convincing, and the designer didn’t mention anything about it.)( By JankleShang)(In front of the Sacrificial Hall)The ornamental column is 12.6-meter-high (about 41 feet) is called Huabiao in Chinese, like those in Tiananmen Square.The two big copper "ding" were contributed by Shanghai municipal government of that time.Now, please look carefully. There are two holes in the bottom of the left ‘ding’.They were made by Japanese army in late 1937.This just remind Chinese people not to forget the national humiliation.The two bronze dings in ancient style were presented by Mr. Sun's son Sun Ke and his family.( By JankleShang)(Facing Sacrificed Hall)This construction combines the architecture style of both Chinese and Western.The outside of wall is covered with granite from Hongkong.It is 30 meters long, 25 meters wide and 29 meters high.The inscription on the horizontal board is engraved with seal characters ,mean "Naturalism" "Democracy" and "The people's livelihood".These are the Three Principles of the People, the most basic and general guiding principles of Mr. Sun's revolutionary activities.Above "Democracy", there is a horizontal inscription board with Sun's handwriting means "Fill the World with Justice".( By JankleShang)(Inside the hall)The white and black marbles covering the floor were from Yunnan Province.The colors of white and black are the traditional color for burial ceremonies to express filial piety in China.The black stone column is 0.8 meter as diameter each.Now you can have a look at Mr. Sun Yat-sen's handwriting of "Programme of Founding State", engraved on the east and west walls.The style of the whole structure is a blend of the East and the West, representing the well blended doctrine of Dr. Sun Yat-sen.The stone statue of Dr. Sun Yat-sen is 4.6-meter- high. Dr. Sun Yat-sen wears long gown with an open book on his lap, demonstrating the wisdom of the great thinker.It was sculpted in Paris with Italian marble by the famous French sculptor Paul Arinsky whose native country is Poland.Its total cost was 1.5 million francs.The embossments depictured Dr. Sun Yat-sen's revolution activity and glorious life.( By JankleShang)(Coffin Chamber)The outer copper door was American-made.The nails on them and the mysterious beasts on the copper loops are typical traditional Chinese style.The inscription on the horizontal board means "The noble spirit will never perish ", which was Sun's handwriting for the 72 martyrs' tomb in Huanghuagang Mound of Guangzhou.The design mosaicked in the vaulted dome is the Party Emblem of KMT.The room's diameter is 18 meters and 11 meters high.The circular marble pit is 1.7 meters deep and 4.35 meters in diameter.Dr. Sun Yat-sen lying statue was sculpted in accordance to Mr. Sun's remains by a Czechoslovakian sculptor.His copper coffin is lying about 5 meters below the sculpture.( By JankleShang)(Different Cloths)You may ask why on earth the dressing on Dr.Sun’s sitting statue is totally different from those on the lying one.In those years, the leftists and the rightists inside of the KMT had severe conflicts.The rightists, headed by Chang Kai-shek wanted to restore the ancient ways and opposed revolution.They insisted that Mr. Sun should wear long robe, while the leftists insisted Zhongshan Suit.Thus the two statues have different clothes styles as a middle way.(Remains)My friends, I'm afraid you may be concern about whether Mr. Sun’s remains are in the tomb or not.Definitely are, although they had some unusual experience.They had been threatened to be burnt by a defeated warlord while in Bejing, but being safe by protecting of general Zhang Xue liang.The bottom of the tomb is granite. And the coffin was concreted by cement.Under the copper coffin, there is a specially made wooden pad and enclosing the coffin is a well-sealed crystal box.During anti-Japanese War and before moving to Taiwan, Jiang Jieshi planed to transfer Dr.sun’s remains to Chongqing or Taiwan.But his idea was fiercely opposed by many, and finally given up.God bless Mr. Sun.It’s also the blessing of whole China.( By JankleShang)(End)Around the Mausoleum there are many memorial buildings such as the Zhengqi Pavilion, Open-air Music Hall, Waxwork Home of Democratic Revolution, and the Sun Yat-sen Museum and so on.The great feat Mr. Sun achieved has gained great respect and praise of people from both home and abroad.After liberation, both central and local governments have exerted great efforts in preserving this excellent heritage.Today, as one of the "Top Forty Tourist Resorts in China", Dr. Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum receives numerous Chinese and international friends every day.The unification has become the main tendency in terms of the relations between the Chinese on both sides of the Straits.I believe that most Chinese people are expecting the day when our country is united and getting more prosperous.At that time Dr. Sun would smile and be satisfied for sure in the other world.OK, thank you very much for your cooperation. Good-bye and good luck!( By JankleShang) 2012-3-24。

中山陵导游词

中山陵导游词

My dear friends ,when you come to a city, you probably want to visit the most famous scenic spots of special interest. nanjing has many place of historic interests and has been capital for six "dynasties." but if you leave nanjing without visiting dr. sun yat-sen's mausoleum, undoubtedly you have missed the most arresting and famous tourist attraction of the city.Talking about the mausoleum we should have an idea about sun yat-sen, the great pioneer of chinese democratic revolution. mr. sun `s original name is sun wen and styled himself yat-sen. so foreign friends would call him "dr. sun yat-sen ". since he took "woodcutter in zhoushan "as his alias when he took part in the revolutionary activities, he was respectfully and widely called mr. sun zhongshan in china. on october 12, 1866, mr. sun was born in a farmer's family in caiheng village of xiangshan county (the present-day zhongshang city) ,guangdong province. when he was still young, he had great expectations. he studied medicine in honolulu, hong kong and some other places and after graduation he worked as a practitioner in gangzhou, macao and other places later he gave up medicine as his profession to take part in political activities. in 1905, he set up china alliance organization in japan and he was elected president. he put forward the famous guiding principle- "driving the invaders out ,restoring the sovereignty of china, establishing a republic and equalizing the land ownership " and the three people's principles-" nationalism, democracy and the people's livelihood. " on october 10, 1911, the wuchang uprising broke out and dr. sun as elected inrterim president of the republic of china by representatives fromseventeen provinces. on the following new year's day (january 1, 1912) mr. sun took the oath of office in nanjing. from then on ,mr. sun experienced yuan shikai's usurpation, the second revolution, "campaign protecting the interim constitution." in 1921, mr. sun took the position of president in unusual times in guangzhou. at the first national congress of kuomintang held in quangzhou in 1924, he perfected the original three people's principles and put forward three people's new principles. he also proposed the policies of "making an alliance with russia and the communist party of china and helping the farmers and workers. " in november 1924, in spite of his illness, mr. sun went up to beijing to discuss state affairs with general feng yuxiang.Unfortunately, he broke down from constant overwork and passed away on march 12, 1925.The location of the mausoleum was chosen by mr. sun himself. here is exactly a good place to build a mausoleum. you may wonder: mr. sun was born in guangdong but died in beijing. for his whole life he traveled throughout china for the revolution. why did he choose nanjing as the venue of his tomb?It is said that far before mr. sun took office in 1912, the abbot of lingu monastery had recommended him that his place is good for fengshui, because it faces the plain and is backed up by green mountains as its protective screen. on march 31,1912 mr. un resigned as a political compromise for the sake of the union of the north china and the south china. one day of the early april, he went hunting with huhanmin around the piety tomb of ming dynasty. they took a rest in the place wehre the mausoleum is located now. mr. sun looked around and said "if possible i would like my countrymen to allow me to have this place to bury my coffin." surely, the fengshui of the zijing mountain is not the basic reason for the location of mr. sun's mausoleum . the basic reason is that, he said on dying "after my death, you can bury me at the foot of the zijin mountain in nanjing in memory of the revolution of 1911, because nanjing is where the temporary government was founded. "so although mr. sun stayed in nanjing not a long time, it had a special meaning to him. fundamentally speaking, the reason he chose zijing mountain as his permanent resting-place is to commemorate the revolution of 1911 and to encourage the revolutionaries.In order to respect mr. sun's wish, the preparatory committee of sun yat-sen's funeral, including his wife song qingling and his son sunke, examined the area and chose the site for the mausoleum. they delimited 2000 mu and offered a reward in newspaper for the best design of the mausoleum. among all the contribution, young architectlu yanzhi `s design, a design in the shape of a bell ,was highly praised and gained the first prize and he himself was invited to supervise the whole project as well.On march 12,1926, the first anniversary of mr. sun's death, the project got started and 3 years later, it was completed in spring of 1929. it cost 1.5 million silver collars totally.unfortunately, luyanzhi, the young architect with great gift, suffered when supervising the project ,and died at 35,just before the completion of the mausoleum. the completion ceremony was held on june 1, 1929 and mr. sun's remains was transported from beijing to nangjing. from then on ,mr. sun has slept here for nearly 70 years. The construction of dr. sun yat-sen's mausoleum was an important event in the history of nanjing. in order to meet mr. sun's coffin, the first asphalt road was built from zhongshan port in the west to zhongshan gate in the east; it is 12 kilometres in length and also called zhongshan road. up to today, zhangshan road is still one of the most important main roads. at the same time, the city gate chaoyang gate which was built in ming dynasty was renovated and changed its name to zhongshan gate. between zhongshang gate and dr.sun yat-sen's mausoleum, a road called the mausoleum road was built. just as the people of paris take pride of their les champs-elysees and the people of new york ,the fifth avenue, the nanjing people are prond of their boulevards. and the 3 kilometers long mausoleum road is undoubtedly the best representative of these boulevards. along both sides of the "green corridor" grows the main kind of tree in nanjing as parasols usually chinese people call them french plane trees, in fact they are chinese local products. just because frenchmen took them from yunnan province to france and later they transplanted them in their leased territory in shanghai, that is why they got such a name.Now ,we are going out of the zhongshan gate and driving along the mausoleum road. the destination ahead is a square in shape of crescent, according to lu yanzhi's design, theplace of the mausoleum is like a "duo", a big wooden bell, which was used to announce a policy, decree or a war in ancient time. duo's sound is loud and clear, implying to make the whole world peaceful and happy. the design reminds the people of dr. sun yat-sen's well-known saying "the revolution is far from success and we should continue working hard." this saying also serves s an alert to the later generation. the crescent-shaped square is the bottom of the "bell of freedom".Now ,please look to the south. there is a octagon platform structured with reinforced concrete but covered with jinshan stone of suzhou. the platform is divided into three layers and each layer is enclosed by stone rails. the copper "ding" (an ancient cooking vessel) with two looped handles and two legs weighs 5000 kg. it is 4.25 meters high and its diameter is 1.23 meters. it is one of the construction for memory of the mausoleum. the "ding " was built in autumn, 1933 with donation of students and teaching staff of the zhongshan university and mr. dai jitao. one side of the "ding " is engraved with three characters "intelligence, humanity and brevity". these three words are the school instruction of zhongshan university. inside of the "ding "stands a hexagon copper tablet on which dai jitao's mother's handwriting of the "filial piety" is engraved. to the bell-shaped mausoleum the "ding " is just like the pendulum . it seems to serve to alarm the whole nation by striking the bell.Stepping on the steps, we will see a soaring memorial archway with four columns. the archway was built between1931 and 1933, 12meters hight and 17.3 meters in width. it is made of huge granite from fujian province, but its structure is in chinese traditional wood structure style. now, look up at the shining words inscribed on the horizontal board. the word in english mean fraternity. they were written by dr. sun yat-sen. the word are taken from a tang dynasty poet han yu's "fraternity is humanity " .it is said that mr. sun very much liked to write these two words to others. dr. sun devoted his whole life to bourgeois democratic revolution with great fraternity and struggled for the national independence and freedom fro scores of years. so we can say that "fraternity" is the best generalization of his life.Further from the fraternity archway, there is a road leading to the mausoleum. the road is 480 meters long and dozens of meters wide. the whole design of the mausoleum gives prominence to chinese traditional style, grand, solemn and specific. in order to embody the greatness of mr. sun, the mausoleum followed the example of ancient mausoleums and was built against mountains and the coffin chamber was placed at the top of the mountain that is 160 meters high. in addition, the plants of the mausoleum are symmetric, which make it feel more solemn. now, please look forward to the north, along the hillside ,situate the mausoleum gate, the stele pavilion, the memorial hall and the coffin chamber right behind. the pines,cypresses, ginkgoes and maples on the both sides of the road represent mr. sun's revolutionary spirit and lofty quality. they take the place of statues and stone beasts which usually flanked the sacred road in ancient times. among the trees, cedar is oneof the "four kinds of tree for appreciation" and has been honored as the tree of nanjing city. the grand archway at the end of the mausoleum road is the formal beginning of the mausoleum area. it is 16 meters high, 27 meters wide and 8.8 meters deep. it is made of granite from the fujian province, too. inscribed on the horizontal board of the middle passage is dr. sunyat-sen's handwriting. it means that the state doesn't belong to one family but belongs to the entire nation and the common people. this is the goal for which mr. sun struggled for his whole life and it is also the excellent explanation of the democracy of the three people's principles. we have passed the gate of the mausoleum, then in front of us is the stele pavilion. the 9-meter high stele in the middle of the pavilion was engraved with 24 gold-plating characters of yan zhenqing style, "chinese kmt buried premier sun here on june 1, 18th year of the republic of china". these words were written by one of the founder members of kmt, tan yankai. when talking about setting up a stele, wang jing wei and hu hanmin were arranged to write an inscription for mr. sun, but two years passed, yet nothing they could write. because they thought that mr. sun's merits couldn't be generated by word, then they chose to use the present from to praise dr. sun without engraving an inscription.Going out of the pavilion, we'll see numerous layers of steps. the people of nanjing often say that the steps in the mausoleum ware as number as the stone lions on lugou bridge (known for westerners as marco polo bridge). so when coming here tourists usually ask, "how many steps onearth are there in the mausoleum?" my friends, if you are interested you can count them.Now we are coming near the top platform. look ,there are two big copper "ding". they were contributed by shanghai municipal government of that time. now, please look carefully. there are two holes in the bottom of the left "ding". why? just let me tell you .in late 1937, when the japanese army attacked nanjing, their shooting left two holes in the left ding. now, although the circumstances have changed, the two holes always remind chinese people not to forget the national humiliation. not far away, there are two bronze dings in ancient style. they are presented by mr.sun's son sun ke and his family.Ascending the steps, now we have reached the top of the platform. here we can have a bird-view of what it is in the distance. the memorial hall is the half way up to the mountain and there are altogether 392 steps covered if you count from the archway of fraternity. the vertical distance is 70 meters but the plane distance is 700 meters. if you count the steps from the stele pavilion, the number of steps is 290. in order to avoid monotone ,the architect divided the 392 steps into 10 parts and every part has a platform and there are totally 10 such platforms. more marvelous, if you look up from the bottom, you can see that the steps extend to the top without stop and you cant see any platform. but if you look down from the top, you only see the platforms. the number of the steps, 392, is not a random number, it implied the number of chinese population at that time-392 million.Now we are in front of the memorial hall and the coffin chamber. they are the major parts of the mausoleum. the construction of these two building was supervised then by lu yanzhi, the gift young designer. if is when he was doing these two building he died of cancer. so when the later generation mention him they would often say, "it is a great pity he died before his complete success." the structure of the sacrificed hall is of a ancient wooden palace style. it is 30 meters long, 25 meters wide and 29 meter high, surrounded by smaller constructions of fortress style and two 12.6-meter-high cloud columns. its roof, with double-eaves and nine ridges, is covered with blue glare tiles. the outside of wall is covered with granite from hongkong. the inscription on the horizontal board is engraved with seal characters cut in relief- "naturalism" "democracy" and "the people's livelihood" . these are the most basic and general guiding principles of mr. sun's revolutionary activities. above "democracy" , there is a horizontal inscription board with sun's handwriting on it, "fill the world with justice". Please follow me into the memorial hall. the floor is covered with white and black marble from yunnan province. the colors of white and black are among the traditional color for burial ceremonies in china. there are 12 black stone columns, with 0.8 meter as the diameter for each. you will see that the interiors of the walls around are inset with black marble. now you can have a look at mr. sun yat-seen's handwriting of "programme for founding a state", engraved on the east and west walls. the main colors of the hall are black, white and blue, which are used to express filial piety in china. the inside windows are inlaid withsmaltos. they present western flavors especially with floods of sunshine. the style of the whole structure is a blend of the east and the west, representing the well blended doctrine of dr. sun yat-sen.In the middle is the sitting statue of dr. sun yat-sen in a robe. it is 4.6 meters high and the bottom is 2.1 meters wide. it was sculpted by the famous french sculptor paul arinsky whose native country is poland . he was entrusted by the committee of dr. sun yat-sen's funeral for sculpting it. he chose the italian marble as the material for the statue . in 1930, the sculpture was sent to the mausoleum from paris. its total cost was 1.5 million francs. the sic relief below are pictures depicting mr. sun's life and revolutionary activities. Passing through the hall, we have come to the coffin chamber. there are two doors that you need to get through. the outer door consists of two american-made safety door leafs which are made of copper. the nails on them and the mysterious beasts on the copper loops are typical of traditional chinese. the horizontal inscription board was engraved with "the noble spirit will never perish " which was sun's handwriting for the 72 martyrs'tomb in huanghua mound of guanzhou .the secound door is a single copper leaf engrave with seven characters "mr. sun yat-sen's tomb" which were written by zhang jing jiang.The tomb is a half globe in shape. the design of kmt emblem is mosaicked in the vaulted dome. the floor of the round room is covered with marble. the room's diameter is 18 meters and the height is 11 meters .the walls are covered with pink marbles. the circular marble pit is 1.7 metersdeep and 4.35 meters in diameter. it is enclose with 1-meter-high white marble rails. in the pit lays dr. sun yat-sen lying statue in zhongshan suit. this is sculpted in accordance to mr. sun's remains by a czechoslovakian sculptor. his copper coffin is lying about 5 meters below the sculpture. you may ask why on earth the clothes dr. wears for the sitting statue are totally different from those for the lying one? in those years, the leftists and the rightists inside of the kmt had severe conflicts. the rightists, headed by chang kai-shek wanted to restore the ancient ways and opposed revolution. they insisted that mr. sun should wear long robe, while the leftists insisted he wear zhongshan suit. since they had different opinions thus the two statues have different clothes styles.My friends, i `m afraid you must be concern about whether mr. sun remains are in the tomb or not. in fact, his remains had a unusual experience. after his death, his remain were dealt with antiseptic and placed in biyun monastery in beijing in march, 1925. when the warlord zhang zong chang was defeated by the north expeditionary army and withdrew to beijing in 1926, he ascribed his failure to mr. sun's remains and decided to burn them .it is the patriotic general zhang xuelian who sent troops to protect the remains. unfortunately they were once exposed to the air though they were safe again. on may 28, 1929, mr. sun's coffin was sent to pukou from beijing by jinpu railway, and on june 1 it reached the mausoleum. after the grand ceremony of feng'an, the coffin and the remains were put into the pit and used cement to concrete it .the bottom of the tomb is granite. under the copper coffin, there is aspecially made wooden pad and enclosing the coffin is a well-sealed crystal box. after the breakout of the resistance war against japan, kmt government planed to transport the remains to chongqing and at the end of the liberation war, chang kai-shek planed to transport it to taiwan this time. because it was not a easy job to take the coffin out and the work might do damage to the remains as well, this plan was fiercely attacked by the engineering field and the left wing of the kmt. at last chang gave up the plan. so the remains have stayed here safely up to today.Passing through the door in the back wall of the square outside you will arrive at the mausoleum park. the back wall of the park is a "exhibition of construction of dr. sun yat-sen's mausoleum ".the exhibition contains nearly 200 precious historic materials which show the construction of the mausoleum and the process of the transportation of mr. sun's remains.Beside the main structure, there are also some constructions around the mausoleum built in memory of mr. sun. most of the constructions are built after 1929 with the donation of those from both all trades in china and overseas chinese. the fraternity pavilion on top of the plum hill is built with the donation of a taiwanese compatriot. it was completed on november 12,1993, the 127th anniversary of mr. sun's birthday.Ladies and gentlemen. mr. sun struggled for a better china for his whole life and overthrew monarch feudalist system which lasted for more than 2000 years. he carried out the three principal policies of "making an alliance with russiaand the communist party of china and helping the farmers and workers" in his later days. the great feat mr. sun has achieved has gained great respect and praise from people from both home and abroad. after liberation, both central and local governments have exerted great efforts in preserving this excellent heritage.Now, as one of the "top forty tourist resorts in china" dr. sun yat-sen mausoleum receives numerous chinese and international friends every years. people come here to pay homage to mr. sun. today, the unification has become the main tendency in terms of the relations between the chinese on both sides of the straits . i believe that most chinese people, from both home and abroad, are expecting from the bottom of heart the coming of the day when our country is united and getting more prosperous. at that time, when hearing this. dr. sun would smile and be satisfied for sure in the other world. ok, thank you very much for your cooperation. good bye and good luck!。

中山陵导游词

中山陵导游词

中山陵各位游客,我们现在就来到了中山陵,中山陵位于南京紫金山第二峰小茅山的南麓,是伟大的中国民主革命先行者孙中山先生的陵墓。

简略背景孙中山先生名孙文,字逸仙,因1912在日本从事革命活动时用过“中山樵”的化名,所以尊称他为中山先生。

孙中山先生生于1866年11月12日,1925年3月12日在北京逝世,享年60岁。

中山陵的墓址是中山先生生前选定的。

中山先生逝世后,为尊重其遗愿,由宋庆龄,孙科等组成葬事筹备处专门到南京紫金山勘察并确定了陵址,登报悬奖征求陵墓设计图案。

在40余份应征设计稿中,吕彦直的设计以简朴坚实,且完全根据中国古代建筑精神而被一致决定采用。

吕彦直设计的中山陵平面为一“木铎”形。

整个陵墓不仅保持了民族风格,又汲取了西方先进的建筑方法。

陵墓于中山先生逝世一周年奠基,共耗银元150万元。

1929年6月1日,举行奉安大典,将孙中山的灵榇葬于墓室下的墓穴内,中山先生就一直长眠于此。

孝经鼎各位游客,我们现在就来到了中山陵的半月形广场。

往左手边看是一尊双耳三足紫铜宝鼎,这是1933年秋由中山大学全体师生捐赠的。

该鼎重达万斤,腹部有“智、仁、勇”三个大字。

博爱坊现在我们往右手边看这座冲天式博爱牌坊,它是用福建花岗岩建成,上盖蓝色琉璃瓦。

并由四根大石柱和六根大横额相连而成。

正中横额石匾上的两个鎏金阴文是孙中山先生手书。

博爱一语出自韩愈的《元道》“博爱之谓仁”。

墓道穿过博爱坊是长480米,宽近40米的墓道,墓道以松柏夹道代替石人石首,表示了中山先生的精神犹如松柏万古长青。

陵门走过墓道,我们就来的是陵门前的水泥平台,广场的正北方,大家看到的就是陵门了。

陵门为单檐歇山顶的文武方门,用福建花岗石铸成,上盖蓝色琉璃瓦。

檐下石额上的“天下为公”四个字为孙中山所书,语出《礼记礼运》“大道之行也,天下为公”。

入口为三拱门,门南装仿古铜门各两扇。

门前一对面向南的石狮高3米。

陵门两侧的围墙向祭堂和墓室延伸合拢,勾勒出自由钟的形状。

南京中山陵导游词200字

南京中山陵导游词200字

南京中山陵导游词200字(最新版)编制人:__________________审核人:__________________审批人:__________________编制单位:__________________编制时间:____年____月____日序言下载提示:该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的,希望大家下载后,能够帮助大家解决实际问题。

文档下载后可定制修改,请根据实际需要进行调整和使用,谢谢!并且,本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文,如导游词、欢迎词、主持词、演讲稿、祝福语、合同协议、条据书信、报告总结、工作计划、作文大全、其他范文等等,想了解不同范文格式和写法,敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor.I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!In addition, this shop provides you with various types of classic sample essays, such as guide speeches, welcome speeches, host speeches, speeches, blessings, contract agreements, letter letters, report summaries, work plans, essays, other sample essays, etc.Want to know the format and writing of different sample essays, so stay tuned!南京中山陵导游词200字中山陵是孙中山先生的长眠之地,孙中山先生是我们中华民族一位伟大的民主革命先行者。

中山陵现场考试导游词

中山陵现场考试导游词

中山陵现场考试导游词(最新版)编制人:__________________审核人:__________________审批人:__________________编制单位:__________________编制时间:____年____月____日序言下载提示:该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的,希望大家下载后,能够帮助大家解决实际问题。

文档下载后可定制修改,请根据实际需要进行调整和使用,谢谢!并且,本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文,如导游词、欢迎词、主持词、演讲稿、祝福语、合同协议、条据书信、报告总结、工作计划、作文大全、其他范文等等,想了解不同范文格式和写法,敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor.I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!In addition, this shop provides you with various types of classic sample essays, such as guide speeches, welcome speeches, host speeches, speeches, blessings, contract agreements, letter letters, report summaries, work plans, essays, other sample essays, etc.Want to know the format and writing of different sample essays, so stay tuned!中山陵现场考试导游词中山陵是中国近代伟大的民主革命先行者孙中山先生的陵寝,及其附属纪念建筑群,面积8万余平方米。

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中山陵日语导游词江苏景点导游词2010-11-26 15:13:58 阅读46 评论0 字号:大中小订阅前にある城门は、中山门といいます。

もともとは朝阳门と呼ばれていましたが、孙中山(孙文)を记念するため中山门と名前を改めたとのことです。

この城壁は、600年前の明王朝の初めに筑かれたものです。

明の初代皇帝、朱元章は南京に都を置いた後、自分の支配を固めるために20万人もの人々を使って、18年间かけてこの城壁を筑き上げました。

周囲の长さは33.6キロメートルです。

现在の城壁は、半分が当时のまま保存されています。

南京城は、いま世界に残されている古いお城の中で最大のものです。

この辺りは东郊风地区といいます。

南京の东の郊外の名所地です。

この辺りにはいろいろな木がたくさん植えられていますが、特にプラタナスの并木はとてもきれいです。

夏の暑い日にはこの辺りを散策するととても凉しいです。

もうすぐ中山陵に到着しますが、中山陵について少しご绍介させていただきます。

中山陵は、わが国の伟大な革命先駆者、孙中山(孙文)先生のご陵墓です。

孙中山先生のことについてはみなさんもよくご存知かもしれませんが、简単にご绍介させていただきます。

孙中山先生の名は「文」、字を「逸仙」といいます。

日本では「孙文」という名前のほうがよく知られていると思います。

孙文先生は1866年11月12日、広东省香山県の农家に生まれ、(现在この県は孙中山先生の名にちなんで中山県と改名されています。

)1925年3月12日、病のためこの世を去っています。

享年59歳でした。

そして孙文先生の生前の愿いに従って、1929年6月1日にここ南京に葬られました。

孙文先生は40年もの长い时间を中华民族の振兴のために尽くされました。

ところで先生の出身地も、亡くなった场所も南京ではないのにどうして南京に葬られたと思いますか?1911年、辛亥革命が成功した後、孙文先生は南京に中华民国临时政府をつくって、临时大统领に就任されました。

とても多忙でしたが、时々休みを取ってこの紫金山へ猟に出かけていました。

先生はこの辺りの自然や景色の素晴らしさをとても気に入ったようで、付き添いの人に冗谈半分で「自分が死んだら、ぜひこの辺りに墓を造ってほしい」と言ったそうです。

冗谈ではありますが、先生の愿いでもあると察した国民党政府は、先生が亡くなった後、1926年から1929年まで3年间かけて陵墓を造りました。

この工事の设计者は、中国の名高い建筑士?吕彦直(ろえんちょく)さんです。

敷地面积は8万平方メートルあります。

陵墓は警钟のような形をしていますが、これは民衆に対し目を覚まし、奋い立つよう呼びかける钟を表现しており、孙文先生が一生涯をかけて奋闘された実绩を象徴しているかのようです。

この陵墓は、広场、鸟居、参道、正门、碑亭、祭殿、墓室からなっています。

一番高い所は祭坛で、海抜は158メートル、标高は73.3メートルあります。

この入り口から祭坛までの石段はかなり长いですが、石段は平らですし、ひとつの石段の高さも低いですので登りやすいかと思います。

みなさんの南侧には、孙文先生の铜像が立っています。

これは孙文先生と仲の良い友达であった梅屋庄吉という日本人が日本で鋳造して运んできたもので、先生が演説を行うときの姿をもとに作りました。

鸟居は石造りで、その上に「博爱」という文字がありますが、これは封建専制主义に反対するという意味で、孙文先生の民主主义思想を表しています。

鸟居の後ろの参道は、长さが480メートル、幅70メートルです。

両侧にはヒマラヤ松が植えられています。

これは孙文先生の革命精神と高尚な品性がこの常緑树のようにいつまでも続くということ表しています。

香炉の上には三つの文字が鋳造してあります。

智恵の「智」、仁爱の「仁」、勇敢の「勇」の三つです。

これは孙文先生の优れた品行と才能を称えたものです。

向こうは正门です。

正门の真上に「天下为公(天下は公のため)」という四文字が刻まれていますが、これは孙文先生の直笔です。

前は碑亭です。

石碑の高さは9メートルです。

上には孙文先生が葬られた年月日が刻まれています。

前の建物は祭殿です。

门の上には「民族、民生、民権」という有名な「三民主义」の文字が书かれています。

「三民主义」とは、孙文先生が提唱された「民族の独立、平等を求める、民主自由を実现する、人民の生活を改善する」という纲领で、孙文先生が革命を指导する上で中核的な思想となったものです。

この祭殿は全部石で作られています。

先生の座像は大理石で作られ、高さは5メートルあります。

フランスのある有名な雕刻家がパリで雕刻して运んできたものです。

座像の土台の周りには孙文先生の革命活动を物语った浮き雕りがなされています。

真正面の図は、孙文先生が赤ちゃんの诊察をしているものです。

これは孙文先生が香港の医科大学を卒业してから医者になったときの様子を描いています。

东のほうに二つの図があります。

左は孙文先生が革命を宣伝する志を立て、出国する前に友达と别れるときの情景を描いています。

右は孙文先生が日本で革命同士と共に「同盟会」の纲领を検讨している様子を描いています。

続いてこの図は1911年、辛亥革命が成功した後、1912年1月1日南京で中华民国临时政府がつくられ、孙文先生が临时大统领に选ばれ、国会から先生に大统领の官印を授与する様子です。

こちらにも二つの図があります。

左の図は、孙文先生が人民を呼び起こすため、演説を行っている様子です。

右の図も孙文先生が演説をしている様子を描いています。

これは中华民国临时政府がつくられてまもなく、袁世凯がその革命の成果を夺って大统领になり、さらに皇帝になろうと企てたことがありましたが、孙文先生がこの阴谋に反対する演説を行った时の様子を描いています。

袁世凯の皇帝になるという梦は、孙文先生をはじめとする全国人民の反対のもと、わずか83日间で终わりました。

この祭坛の両侧の壁に、孙文先生が书かれた建国纲领が刻まれています。

祭坛の後ろは墓室です。

この孙文先生の卧像は大理石で雕刻されたものです。

その下は地下室で、先生の遗体が安置されています中山陵(最新版日语导游词中)来源:陈传亚的日志工事は1926年から1933年まで終わりです。

建築家は山東省の人,呂彦直です。

彼の設計の中山陵の風格は独特で、中国の古代と洋風建築の精華に解け合って、警鐘の形で、寓意は“警世の鐘が鳴り響いて、民衆を喚起する”です。

すべて鉄筋コンクリート構造、藍、白の色調を採用しました。

これは国民党の“党徽”の色です。

残念なことに中山陵を作る時献身的に力を尽くして、過労のため病気にかかり、工事が終わる頃に亡くなりました。

年は僅か36歳でした。

前方の建物は正門です。

中央の横額に“天下為公”が彫り刻んであります。

それは孫先生の筆跡です。

意味は:【国家の政権はどの一家の天下でありません、天下人の天下で、民衆の天下です】。

“天下為公”は彼の提唱した三民主義の中で民権に対して最も良い注釈です。

彼が逝去された後、人々は次のように称賛しました:“先生の革命の数十年、個人の財産は無く、私的な便宜を図ることはなく、個人的な恨みもなくて、無私な人。

先生のような政治家は古今東西、先生お一人でしょう。

”正門の真ん中の扉が閉められていることになります。

毎年2回開きます。

先生の誕生日の11月12日と逝去の3月12日。

正門の両側にそれぞれ1対の石造の獅子があり、これは1935年宋哲元将軍が北平で買ったもので、中山文化教育館に贈呈し、また教育館から中山陵に送られました。

これは北方のライオンで、雄壮です。

前の建物は碑亭で高さ8.1メートルです。

墓石には“中国国民党総理孫先生はここに葬られている中華民国 18年6月1日”と刻まれています。

これはもとの国民党の元老、行政院の院長である譚延がいの内筆で。

中華民国の18年6月1日は西暦の1929年6月1日で、先生はここに葬られた日です。

孫さんの葬儀のすべては国民党の内部でやって、行われたのは党葬で、先生の国民の党内での職務は“総理”です、だから私達が見るのは、“総理が葬られている”となります。

“総理”のこの呼び方も国民の党内で孫中山先生の1人に限って、今、国民党内の最高の職務は主席です。

上は国民党の党徽で本来は陽刻です、文革の時に破壊されました。

1981年辛亥革命70周年を記念するために、中山陵は一度、全面的な補修を行いました。

その時、この党徽は陰刻に変えました。

皆さんよく見てください。

碑の上が雲の紋様が刻まれ台座に山が刻まれてあります。

これは先生の革命の精神が堂々としていることを象徴します。

先生の思想と功績は文字でまとめることができないので、そこで墓碑の裏に何も書いてありません。

碑亭を過ぎて、これから階段になります。

全部で392段です。

この階段全ては蘇州の金山石で使われ、中山陵の建物の中の重要な構成部分です。

ここは祭堂と墓室に通ずる道です。

中山陵は山に添って建てられたので、もし、こんなに多い石階段を下から上へ変化せずに頂上まで敷けば非常に単調なものに見えてしまうでしょう。

中山陵の設計者と建築者は巧みに、392級の石段を10段に分けました。

もとは孤立している小建物を大きく建築群の全体に連ねて、各石段の間にプラットフォームがあり、緩衝として、プラットフォームの上でまた陳列記念などの建築物を作ってあります。

このようにして、392級の石階段は偉大で壮観であるようになり、また変化に富んだ韻律は孫中山先生の陵墓の気勢を作りあげました。

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