【尚友制造】36套阅读解析exer13
【尚友制造】36套阅读解析exer10
Exercise 10Currently, the paramount problem in the field of biomaterials, the science of replacing diseased tissue with human-made implants, is control over the interface, orLine surface, between implanted biomaterials and living5 tissues. The physical properties of most tissues can be matched by careful selection of raw materials: metals, ceramics, or several varieties of polymer materials. Eventhe requirement that biomaterials processed from these materials be nontoxic to host tissue can be met by10 techniques derived from studying the reactions of tissue cultures to biomaterials or from short-term implants. But achieving necessary matches in physical properties across interfaces between living and non-living matter requires knowledge of which molecules control the bonding of15 cells to each other—an area that we have not yet explored thoroughly. Although recent research has allowed us to stabilize the tissue-biomaterial interface by controllingeither the chemical reactions or the microstructure of the biomaterials, our fundamental understanding of how20 implant devices adhere to tissues remains woefully incomplete. (159 words)1. According to the passage, the major problemcurrently facing scientists in the field of bio-materials is(A) assessing and regulating the bondingbetween host tissue and implants(B) controlling the transfer of potentially toxicmaterials across the interface of tissueand implant(C) discovering new materials from which toconstruct implant devices(D) deciding in what situations implants areneeded(E) determining the importance of short-termimplants to long-term stability of tissueimplant interfaces2. The passage suggests which of the followingabout the recent research mentioned in the lastsentence ?(A) It has solved one set of problems but hascreated another.(B) It has concentrated on secondary concernsbut has ignored primary concerns.(C) It has improved practical applications ofbiomaterial technology without providing acomplete theoretical explanation of thatimprovement.(D) It has thoroughly investigated properties ofbiomaterials but has paid little attentionto relevant characteristics of human tissue.(E) It has provided considerable information onshort-term implant technology but littleon long-term implant technology.阅读1：Q1：定位至原文：line 11；But achieving necessary matches in physical properties across interfaces between living and non-living matter requires knowledge of which molecules control the bonding of cells to each other—an area that we have not yet explored thoroughly. 所以选A；Q2：原文说fundamental understanding还是incomplete，尽管要的结果可以实现了。
2021-2022学年高二下学期3月月考语文试卷答案解析(全国卷)
2021-2022学年高二下学期3月月考语文试卷答案解析（全国卷）语文参考答案1．C【解析】本题考查理解文章内容，筛选并整合文中信息的能力。
C.因果倒置，由原文“儒家认为现实的经济利益决定人们的思想意识，即孟子所谓的‘恒产决定恒心’‘无恒产，因无恒心’”“缺乏‘恒心’，社会就会陷入无序和混乱”可知，没有“恒产”会导致没有“恒心”，没有恒产是“因”，不是“果”。
2．B【解析】本题考查分析论点、论据和论证方法的能力。
B．“多处运用类比论证”错误，文章多处运用引用论证，并无类比论证。
3．A【解析】本题考查分析概括作者在文中的观点态度的能力。
B．“民富是统治合法、合理的最终依据”偷换概念，文中说“民心的向背是统治合法、合理的最终依据”，而不是说“民富是统治合法、合理的最终依据”。
C．“这为历代统治者所遵循”无中生有，文中“儒家还以‘为民父母’为喻，强调富民也是统治者不可逃避的道义责任”说的是儒家，而不是历代统治者。
D．“因此……”因果倒置，原文“文中所谓‘皆有所养’，就揭示这是一个民生无忧……的人间乐土。
正因为如此，所以儒家深信：一个理想的社会，一个治理良善的社会，必然是一个民富民乐的社会”表明，他们把“皆有所养”当作善治之标志是因，不是果。
4．C【解析】本题考查理解文章内容，筛选并整合文中信息的能力。
C．“已经可基本满足元宇宙落地应用的需求”错。
原文说“从技术方面来看，技术局限性是元宇宙目前发展的最大瓶颈，XR、区块链、人工智能等相应底层技术距离元宇宙落地应用的需求仍有较大差距”，注意原文说的是“距离元宇宙落地应用的需求仍有较大差距”。
5．D【解析】本题考查分析概括作者在文中的观点态度的能力。
A．“不可能”错。
原文只是说“核心概念缺乏公认的定义是前沿科技领域的一个普遍现象。
元宇宙同样没有一个公认的定义”，由此推出“不可能”太过绝对。
B．“基于扩展现实（XR）、区块链、云计算等技术”错。
众所周知，1992年还没有这些技术，本选项属于无中生有。
广西专版新教材高中语文第三单元过关检测A卷部编版选择性必修上册
第三单元过关检测(A卷)(时间:150分钟满分:150分)一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读Ⅰ(19分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~5题。
材料一十八世纪德国学者莱辛的《拉奥孔》是近代诗画理论文献中第一部重要著作。
从前人们信任诗画同质,直到莱辛才提出丰富的例证,用动人的雄辩,说明诗画并不同质。
据传闻,希腊人为了夺回海伦,举兵围攻特洛伊城,十年不下。
最终他们佯逃,留着一匹腹内埋伏精兵的大木马在城外,特洛伊人望见木马,把它移到城内。
典祭官拉奥孔当时极力劝阻,说留下木马是希腊人的阴谋。
他这番忠告激怒了偏心于希腊人的天神。
当拉奥孔典祭时,河里就爬出两条大蛇,把拉奥孔和他的两个儿子一齐绞死了。
雕塑《拉奥孔》这是罗马诗人维吉尔《伊尼特》其次卷里最出名的一段。
十六世纪在罗马发觉的拉奥孔雕像似以这段史诗为蓝本。
莱辛拿这段诗和雕像互较,发觉几个重要的异点。
因为要说明这些异点,他才提出诗画异质说。
据史诗,拉奥孔在被捆时放声号叫;在雕像中他的面孔只表现一种稍微的叹息,具有希腊艺术所特有的安静与肃穆。
为什么雕像的作者不表现诗人所描写的号啕呢?希腊人在诗中并不怕表现苦痛,而在造型艺术中却恒久避开痛感所产生的面孔筋肉挛曲的丑状。
在表现痛感之中,他们仍求形象的完备。
其次,据史诗,那两条长蛇绕腰三圈,绕颈两圈,而在雕像中它们仅围着两腿。
因为作者要从全身筋肉上表现出拉奥孔的苦痛,假如依史诗,筋肉方面所表现的苦痛就看不见了。
同理,雕像的作者让拉奥孔父子赤裸着身体,虽然在史诗中拉奥孔穿着典祭官的衣服。
莱辛推原这不同的理由,作这样一个结论:“图画和诗所用的仿照媒介或符号完全不同,图画用存于空间的形色,诗用存于时间的声音。
……全体或部分在空间中相并立的事物叫作‘物体’,物体和它们的看得见的属性是图画的特殊题材。
全体或部分在时间上相承续的事物叫作‘动作’,动作是诗的特殊题材。
”换句话说,画只宜于描写静物,诗只宜于叙述动作。
静物各部分在空间中并存,这种静物不宜于诗,因为诗的媒介是在时间上相承续的语言。
【尚友制造】36套阅读解析exer23
Exercise 23The common belief of some linguists that each languageis a perfect vehicle for the thoughts of the nation speakingit is in some ways the exact counterpart of the conviction ofthe Manchester school of economics that supply anddemand will regulate everything for the best. Just as economists were blind to the numerous cases in which thelaw of supply and demand left actual wants unsatisfied, soalso many linguists are deaf to those instances in which the very nature of a language calls forth misunderstandings in everyday conversation, and in which, consequently, a wordhas to be modified or defined in order to present the idea intended by the speaker: "He took his stick-no, not John's,but his own." No language is perfect, and if we admit this truth, we must also admit that it is not unreasonable to investigate the relative merits of different languages or of different details in languages. ( 155 words)1.The primary purpose of the passage is to(A) analyze an interesting feature of the Englishlanguage(B) refute a belief held by some linguists(C) show that economic theory is relevant tolinguistic study(D) illustrate the confusion that can result from theimproper use of language(E) suggest a way in which languages can be mademore nearly perfectFor the following question, consider each of thechoices separately and select all that apply2. The misunderstanding presented by the author inthe passage is similar to which of the following?A X uses the word "you" to refer to a group, but Ythinks that X is referring to one person only.B X mistakenly uses the word "anomaly"to refer to a typical example, but Y knows that "anomaly" means "exception."C X uses the word "bachelor" to mean "unmarriedman," but Y mistakenly thinks that bachelor means "unmarried woman."3.In presenting the argument, the author does all ofthe following EXCEPT(A) give an example(C) make a generalization(D) make a comparison(E) present a paradox阅读2：讲解：此文乃非常典型的新老观点对比型的文章。
【尚友制造】36套阅读解析exer18(1)
Exercise 18Theorists are divided concerning the origin of the Moon. Some hypothesize that the Moon was formed in the sameway as were the planets in the inner solar system (Mercury, Venus, Mars, and Earth)—from planet-forming materials inthe presolar nebula. But, unlike the cores of the inner planets, the Moon‘s core contains little or no iron, while the typical planet-forming materials were quite rich in iron. Other theorists propose that the Moon was ripped out of the Earth‘s rocky mantle by the Earth‘s collision with another large celestial body after much of the Earth‘s iron fell to its core. One problem with the collision hypothesis is the question of how a satellite formed in this way could have settled into the nearly circular orbit that the Moon has today. Fortunately, the collision hypothesis is testable. If it is true, the mantle rocksof the Moon and the Earth should be the same geochemically. (155 words)For the following question, consider each of thechoices separately and select all that apply1. According to the passage, Mars and the Earth aresimilar in which of the following ways?A Their satellites were formed by collisions withother celestial bodies.B Their cores contain iron.C They were formed from the presolar nebula.2. The author implies that a nearly circular orbit isunlikely for a satellite that(A) circles one of the inner planets(B) is deficient in iron(C) is different from its planet geochemically(D) was formed by a collision between two celestialbodies(E) was formed out of the planet-forming materialsin the presolar nebula3. Which of the following, if true, would be most likelyto make it difficult to verify the collision hypothesisin the manner suggested by the author?(A) The Moon‘s core and mantle rock are almostinactive geologically.(B) The mantle rock of the Earth has changed incomposition since the formation of theMoon, while the mantle rock of the Moon hasremained chemically inert.(C) Much of the Earth‘s iron fell to the Earth‘s corelong before the formation of the Moon, afterwhich the Earth‘s mantle rock remainedunchanged.(D) Certain of the Earth‘s elements, such as platinum,gold, and iridium, followed iron to theEarth‘s core.(E) The mantle rock of the Moon contains elementssuch as platinum, gold, and iridium.关于月亮起源的两种观点；Q1：Mars 和earth有什么区别？解析：定位至line 3：in the inner solar system (Mercury, Venus, Mars, and Earth)—from planet-forming materials inthe presolar nebula. 正确答案BC；Q2：a nearly circular orbit 不可能是怎样卫星的轨道？解析：定位至One problem with the collision hypothesis is the question of how a satellite formed in this way could have settled into the nearly circular orbit that the Moon has today，正确答案D；Q3：哪个选项使爆炸论难以证实？解析：文章说moon几乎不含铁，可能是地球的铁都集中到core去了之后，被别的星球炸飞的地球表面的一块。
【尚友制造】36套阅读解析exer5
GRE阅读小笔记Exercise 5 The belief that art originates in intuitive rather thanrational faculties was worked out historically andphilosophically in the somewhat wearisome volumes ofBenedetto Croce, who is usually considered the originator5 of a new aesthetic. Croce was, in fact, expressing a veryold idea. Long before the Romantics stressed intuitionand self-expression, the frenzy of inspiration wasregarded as fundamental to art, but philosophers hadalways assumed it must be controlled by law and by the10 intellectual power of putting things into harmonious order.This general philosophic concept of art was supported bytechnical necessities. It was necessary to master certainlaws and to use intellect in order to build Gothiccathedrals, or set up the stained glass windows of15 Chartres. When this bracing element of craftsmanshipceased to dominate artists‘ outlook, new technicalelements had to be adopted to maintain the intellectualelement in art. Such were linear perspective and anatomy.(156 words)====================================6. The passage suggests that which of the followingwould most likely have occurred if linear perspectiveand anatomy had not come to influence artisticendeavor?(A) The craftsmanship that shaped Gothicarchitecture would have continued todominate artists‘ outlooks.(B) Some other technical elements would havebeen adopted to discipline artistic inspiration.(C) Intellectual control over artistic inspirationwould not have influenced painting as itdid architecture.(D) The role of intuitive inspiration would nothave remained fundamental to theories ofartistic creation.(E) The assumptions of aesthetic philosophersbefore Croce would have been invalidated.7. Select the sentence in the passage that indicates atraditional assumption of aesthetic philosophers.8. The author mentions ―linear perspective and anatomy‖ in the last sentence in order to dowhich of the following ?(A) Expand his argument to include painting aswell as architecture(B) Indicate his disagreement with Croce‘stheory of the origins of art(C) Support his point that rational order ofsome kind has often seemed to disciplineartistic inspiration(D) Explain the rational elements in Gothicpainting that corresponded to craftsmanshipin Gothic architecture(E) Show the increasing sophistication of artistsafter the Gothic period================================= Nahuatl, like Greek and German, is a language that allows the formation of extensive compounds. By the combination of radicals or semantic elements, single compound words can express complex conceptual5 relations, often of an abstract universal character.The tlamatinime (―those who know‖) were able touse this rich stock of abstract terms to express the nuances of their thought. They also availed themselves of other forms of expression with metaphorical meaning, 10 some probably original, some derived from Toltec coinages. Of these forms the most characteristic in Nahuatl is the juxtaposition of two words that, because they are synonyms, associated terms, or even contraries, complement each other to evoke one single idea. Used as 15 metaphor, the juxtaposed terms connote specific or essential traits of the being they refer to, introducing a mode of poetry as an almost habitual form of expression. (140 words)===================================9. According to the passage, some abstractuniversal ideas can be expressed in Nahuatl by(A) taking away from a word any reference to particular instances(B) removing a word from its associations withother words(C) giving a word a new and opposite meaning(D) putting various meaningful elementstogether in one word(E) turning each word of a phrase into a poeticmetaphorFor the following question, consider each of thechoices separately and select all that apply10. It can be inferred solely from the informationin the passage EXCEPT that□A all abstract universal ideas are ideas ofcomplex relations□B some record or evidence of the thought ofthe tlamatinime exists□C metaphors are always used in Nahuatl toexpress abstract conceptual relationshipsOK, here are the answers!阅读1：Q6：由linear perspective and anatomy 定位至文章末尾，往前看至原文line 16，“new technical elements had to be adopted to maintain the intellectual element in art. Such were linear perspective (linear perspective: 直线透视图) and anatomy. 通过new technical elements had to be adopted可以推知在那之前就有一些technical elements 已经被采用。
【尚友制造】36套阅读解析exer17
Exercise 17Volcanic rock that forms as fluid lava chills rapidly iscalled pillow lava. This rapid chilling occurs when lava erupts directly into water (or beneath ice) or when it flows across a shoreline and into a body of water. While the term ―pillow lava‖ suggests a definite shape, in fact geologists disagree. Some geologists argue that pillow lava is characterized by discrete, ellipsoidal masses. Others describe pillow lava as a tangled mass of cylindrical, interconnected flow lobes. Much of this controversy probably results from unwarranted extrapolations of the original configuration of pillow flows from two- dimensional cross sections of eroded pillows in land outcroppings. Virtually any cross section cut through a tangled mass of interconnected flow lobes would give the appearance of a pile of discrete ellipsoidal masses. Adequate three- dimensional images of intact pillows are essential for defining the true geometry of pillowed flows and thus ascertaining their mode of origin. Indeed, the term ―pillow,‖ itself sugges ve of discrete masses, is probably a misnomer.(165 words)1. In the passage, the author is primarily interested in(A) analyzing the source of a scientific controversy(B) criticizing some geologists‘ methodology(C) pointing out the flaws in a geological study(D) proposing a new theory to explain existingscientific evidence(E) describing a physical phenomenonFor the following question, consider each of thechoices separately and select all that apply2. The author of the passage would most probablyagree that the geologists mentioned in the fourthsentence have made which of the following errorsin reasoning?□A Generalized unjus fiably from available evidence.□B Deliberately ignored exis ng counterevidence.□C Repeatedly failed to take new evidence into account.3. The author implies that the ―controversy‖ might be resolved if(A) geologists did not persist in using the term―pillow‖(B) geologists did not rely on potentially misleadinginformation(C) geologists were more willing to confer directlywith one another(D) two-dimensional cross sections of erodedpillows were available(E) existing pillows in land outcroppings were notso badly erodedDraft passages in Proust‘s 1909 notebooks indicate thatthe transition from essay to novel Remembrance of Things Past began in Contre Saint-Beuve, when Proust introduced several examples to show the powerful influence that involuntary memory exerts over the creative imagination. In effect, in trying to demonstrate that the imagination is more profound and less submissive to the intellect thanSaint-Beuve assumed, Proust elicited vital memories of his own and, finding subtle connections between them, began to amass the material for Remembrance. By August, Proust was writing to Vallette, informing him of his intention to develop the material as a novel. Maurice Bardeche, in Marcel Proust, romancier, has shown the importance in the drafts of Remembrance of spontaneous and apparently random associations of Proust‘s subconscious.(124 words)For the following question, consider each of thechoices separately and select all that apply4. According to the passage, in drafts of Contre Saint- Beuve Proust set out to show that Saint-Beuve madewhich of the following mistakes as a critic?□A Saint-Beuve made no effort to study the developmentof a novel through its drafts and revisions.□B Saint-Beuve assigned too great a role in thecreative process to a writer‘s consciousintellect.□C Saint-Beuve concentrated too much on plots and not enough on imagery and other elements of style.5. In the context in which it appears, "spontaneous" in the last sentence most nearly means.○A contrived○B powerful○C abstruse○D involuntary○E premeditated阅读1：翻译：随着流动的溶岩（lava）急骤冷却而形成的火山溶岩被称为枕状溶岩（pilllowlava）。
2024年新教材高中语文第三单元单元整合拓展检测含解析部编版选择性必修上册
单元整合拓展素材挖掘篇目素材主题素材呈现《大卫·科波菲尔》(节选) 在逆境中奋起大卫·科波菲尔是《大卫·科波菲尔》中的主子公,他诞生前,父亲就去世了。
他和善、真诚、聪慧、勤奋好学,有自强不息的志气、百折不回的毅力和主动进取的精神,在逆境中满怀信念,在顺境中加倍努力,最终获得了事业上的成功和家庭的华蜜。
在这个人物身上寄予着狄更斯的道德志向。
《复活》(节选) 自我救赎《复活》中的主子公聂赫留朵夫在高校时期是一个和善,充溢活力,有着崇高志愿的青年。
但当他担当官职后却完全变更了,他整日沉溺在享乐之中,早已遗忘了自己的志向,变得腐朽、落魄,成为一个真正的花花公子。
直到在法庭上见到玛丝洛娃,他回想起很多往事,从而使他觉得自己是那么可恶,良心深受指责。
为了赎罪,他去监狱探望玛丝洛娃,将自己名下的土地分给农夫,并彻底地变更了自己的生活,将自己从以前的腐朽中挽救了出来。
当一个人犯下错误时,不论这个错误是大是小,最好的方法就是深刻地检讨自己,担当自己所犯的过错。
《老人与海》(节选) 强者的身姿圣地亚哥面对着猛烈的鲨鱼,硬是拖着乏累的身躯与之进行不懈的抗争,他成功了,胜得坦荡!他像一面旗帜,立在海岸上,面对着浩瀚的大海和汹涌的波涛,以撼人的气魄迎着猎猎作响的海风!“一个人可以被毁灭,但不能被战胜。
”强而有力的音符从圣地亚哥的嘴里,不,是从他心里涌出。
老人在生活中遭受挫折苦难时乐观向上的人生看法恒久震撼着我们的心灵。
《百年孤独》(节选) 在孤独中坚毅《百年孤独》中布恩迪亚家族的人,有纯真、无私、大度、坚持,也有势利、冷漠、自私、野蛮等特质,这些特质有些让人痴迷醉心,也有些让人厌恶至极。
而这描述的不就是现实中包括我们在内的全部人吗?书中他们的结局无一例外都是孤独,那现实中的我们呢?每个人确定都会有孤独的时刻。
对此,我们应当努力追求内心的安静,让自己渐渐坚毅起来,以淡定从容的心态去面对将来。
素材拓展狄更斯的坚韧毅力狄更斯是19世纪英国现实主义文学的主要代表。
【尚友制造】36套阅读解析exer24
Exercise 24Excavations at a Mayan site have uncovered jewelryworkshops located some distance from the center of thesite on roads radiating outward from the center. Since thenobility lived only in the area of the center, archaeologistsconclude that these workshops made jewelry, not for thenobility, but for a middle class that must have beenprosperous enough to afford it.1. The archaeologists' argument assumes which of thefollowing about the artisans who worked in theworkshops'(A) They were themselves prosperous members of amiddle class.(B) They lived near their workshops.(C) Their products were not made from the samematerials as was jewelry for the nobility.(D) They worked full-time at making jewelry and didnot engage in farming(E) They did not take the jewelry they had made inthe workshops to clients who were members ofthe nobility.II. Q1,定位最后一句，archaeologist conclude that workshops but for..., 对应选项E.Practically speaking, the artistic maturing of thecinema was the single-handed achievement of David W.Griffith (1875-1948). Before Griffith, photography indramatic films consisted of little more than placing theactors before a stationary camera and showing them infull length as they would have appeared on stage. Fromthe beginning of his career as a director, however, Griffith,because of his love of Victorian painting, employedcomposition. He conceived of the camera image ashaving a foreground and a rear ground, as well as themiddle distance preferred by most directors. By 1910 hewas using close-ups to reveal significant details of thescene or of the acting and extreme long shots to achieve asense of spectacle and distance. His appreciation of thecamera‘s possibilities produced novel dramatic effects.(131 words)2. Select the sentence in which the author asserts thatGriffith played an important role in the development of3. T he author‘s attitude toward photography in the cinema before Griffith can best be described as(A) sympathetic(B) nostalgic(C) amused(D) condescending(E) hostileBecause of its accuracy in outlining the Earth's subsurface, the seismic-reflection method remains the most important tool in the search for petroleum reserves. In field practice, a subsurface is mapped by line arranging a series of wave-train sources, such as small dynamite explosions, in a grid pattern. As each source is activated, it generates a wave train that moves downward at a speed determined uniquely by the rock's elastic characteristics. As rock interfaces are crossed, the elastic characteristics encountered generally change abruptly, which causes part of the energy to be reflected back to the surface, where it is recorded by seismic instruments. The seismic records must be processed to correct for positional differences between the source and the receiver, for unrelated wave trains, and for multiple reflections from the rock interfaces. Then the data acquired at each of the specific source locations are combined to generate a physical profile of the subsurface, which can eventually be used to select targets for drilling. (162 words)For the following question, consider each of thechoices separately and select all that apply4. According to the passage, in the seismic-reflection method which of the following have a significanteffect on the signal detected by the seismicinstrumentsA presence of unrelated wave trainsB placement of the seismic instrumentsC properties of rocks through which the wavetrain has traveled5. It can be inferred from the passage that the seismic- reflection method would be likely to yield an inaccu-rate physical profile of the subsurface in which ofthe following circumstances?(A) If the speed at which the wave train moved(B) If the receiver were not positioned directly atthe wave-train source(C) If the rock on one side of a rock interface hadsimilar elastic characteristics to those of therock on the other side(D) If the seismic records obtained for the differentsources in a grid were highly similar to each other(E) If there were no petroleum deposits beneath thearea defined by the grid of wave-train sources6. Which of the following best describes theorganization of the passage?(A) A method is criticized, and an alternative issuggested.(B) An illustration is examined, and some errors areexposed.(C) An assertion is made, and a procedure isoutlined.(D) A series of examples is presented, and aconclusion is drawn.(E) A hypothesis is advanced, and supportingevidence is supplied.阅读1：来自老G文章删减，背景如下：实事求是地讲，电影在艺术上日臻成熟是大卫"W"格里菲斯（David.W.Griffith,1875-1948）独自一人完成的成就。
陈虎平-36套阅读解析exer2
GRE阅读小笔记BY 夜莺落知前身 NO 5-1-1By 1950, the results of attempts to relate brain processes to mental experience appeared rather discouraging. Herring suggested that different modes of sensation, such as pain, taste, and color, might be 5 correlated with the discharge of specific kinds of nervous energy. However, subsequently developed methods of recording and analyzing nerve potentials failed to reveal any such qualitative diversity. Although qualitative variance among nerve energies was never rigidly 10 disproved, the doctrine was generally abandoned in favor of the opposing view, namely, that nerve impulses are essentially homogeneous in quality and are transmitted as “common currency” throughout the nervous system. According to this theory, it is not the quality of the 15 sensory nerve impulses that determines the diverse conscious sensations they produce, but rather the different areas of the brain into which they discharge, and there is some evidence for this view. In one experiment, when an electric stimulus was applied to a given sensory field of 20 the cerebral cortex of a conscious human subject, it produced a sensation of the appropriate modality for that particular locus, that is, a visual sensation from the visual cortex, an auditory sensation from the auditory cortex, and so on. However, cortical locus, in itself, turned out to 25 have little explanatory value.现象解释型结构：1 TS2 kw13 aw-4 aw~5 kw26 x7 aw-生词：processes 过程; 程序discouraging 使气馁, 阻碍discharge放出; 卸货; 流注sensation感觉 , 知觉qualitative性质上的 ,定性的variance不一致 , 变异essentially实质上; 本来stimulus刺激cerebral脑的; 大脑的cortex皮层; 树皮appropriate适当的,恰当的modality形式;特征cortical外皮的;皮层的explanatory解释的; 辩明的recurrent 一再发生的;周期性的presence存在, 出席, 出现account描述;说明spatiotemporal时空的unaffected自然的;不矫揉造作的activated使活动起来;使产生放射性;使活化perceptions知觉, 领悟力, 感觉1. The author mentions “common currency” in line 13 primarilyin order to emphasize the(A) lack of differentiation among nerve impulses in human beings(B) similarity of the sensations that all human beings experience(C) similarities in the views of scientists who have studied the human nervous system(D) continuous passage of nerve impulses through the nervous system(E) recurrent questioning by scientists of an accepted explanation about the nervous systemAlthough qualitative variance among nerve energies was never rigidly disproved, the doctrine was generally abandoned in favor of the opposing view, namely, that nerve impulses are essentially homogeneous in quality and are transmitted as “common currency”throughout the nervous system. common currency做句子成分（宾语），说明逻辑上一层（句子）。
【尚友制造】36套阅读解析exer15
Exercise 15Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following reading passage.Typically the queen honeybee is mother to all the beesin a hive; after mating with several male drones fromother colonies, she lays fertilized eggs that develop intoall-female worker bees and lays unfertilized eggs that5 become all-male drones. According to natural selection theory, a worker would enhance her fitness --or ability to propagate her genes-by hatching her own eggs in additionto or in place of the queen's. But a typical worker's fitness would be diminished if other workers' sons, who have10 less genetic material in common with the worker, supplanted the queen's sons (the worker's brothers). Researchers, testing the hypothesis that workers usually somehow block each other's attempts to reproduce, put unfertilized eggs laid by workers and by the queen into a15 hive. Other workers quickly devoured the workers' eggs while leaving the queen's eggs alone.1. Select the sentence that is used as evidence thatworkers worker bees are capable of thwarting eachother's attempts to reproduce.2. The inner workings in a honeybee hive that regulate reproduction, as they are described in the passage,are most similar to which of the followingtypes of human societies?(A) A totalitarian society in which citizens'"policing" of each other's actions helps tomaintain the status quo.(B) A pacifist state in which the individuals arestrongly opposed to the use of violence oraggression to settle disputes.(C) A democratic society in which the voice of themajority rules.(D) A parliamentary society in which a few members, organized as a cabinet wield executive power.(E) An anarchic state in which order and stablesocial structures are lacking3. The passage best supports which of the following inferences about the fitness of honeybees?(A) Reproduction diminishes any individualhoney-bee's fitness.(B) An individual worker's fitness can be maintainedwithout the individual herself reproducing.(C) A hierarchy of stronger and weakerindividuals among the worker beesdetermines which individuals will reproducewhen a queen dies.(D) While a queen reigns, the fitness of theworker bees is increased and that of thedrones is diminished.(E) Fitness encourages worker bees to hatchhoneybee eggs without regard for therelatedness of the young to the "parent".Q1. 问题问的是use evidence：所以答案是“Other workers quickly devoured the workers' eggs while leaving the queen'seggs alone。
2024_2025学年高中语文课时跟踪检测十项链含解析粤教版必修3
课时跟踪检测（十）项链(时间：40分钟满分：36分)一、语言表达专练(22分，选择题每小题3分)1．文学常识填空。
(3分)莫泊桑(1850～1893)，国作家，著有《羊脂球》《一生》等。
莫泊桑的文学成就以短篇小说最为突出，与俄国的、美国的并称为“世界三大短篇小说之王”。
答案：法契诃夫欧·亨利2．下列各句中加点成语的运用，全都不正确的一项是( )①福特野马大气美观的外形和经典的配色着实让消费者垂涎欲滴．．．．，时尚的功能性配置及其精确的制作工艺为整车设计设定了新的标准。
②获得新的社会阶层冠冕的非公经济的企业家们，成为市场经济的“活力先锋”，政治上也不再自惭形秽．．．．，自下而上的非公有制企业党建工作潮流渐显强劲。
③面对国外企业的步步紧逼，我国汽车业有实力反戈一击．．．．，在激烈的竞争中获得成功。
④会议期间，代表们广开言路．．．．，主动建言献策，为政府规划的科学编制供应了珍贵的建议。
⑤各国只有友好合作，才能共同发展，那种以邻为壑．．．．的做法既不道德，也无益于国家的长远发展。
⑥这两次考试他都是全班第一，可爸爸对他非但不赞一词．．．．，反而说他学习不够踏实，思索不够缜密。
A．①②④B．①②⑤C．③④⑥ D．③⑤⑥解析：选C ①垂涎欲滴：形容特别贪馋想吃的样子；比方看到好的东西，特别艳羡，极想得到(含贬义)。
运用正确。
②自惭形秽：原指因自己容貌举止不如别人而感到惭愧，后来泛指自愧不如别人。
运用正确。
③反戈一击：比方掉转头来反对自己原来所属的或拥护的一方。
语境中不涉及原来所属的一方，不合语境。
④广开言路：尽量给下属和群众创建发表看法的条件。
只能用于上级领导，此处用错对象。
⑤以邻为壑：比方把灾祸推给别人。
运用正确。
⑥不赞一词：原指文章写得很好，别人不能再添一句话，现也指一言不发。
句中是爸爸不赞扬他的意思，望文生义。
3．下列各句中，没有语病的一项是( )A．和平共处五项原则由周恩来总理首先提出并广泛在国际社会上获得认同，这是中国外交为当代国际关系规范做出的杰出贡献。
答案专题03阅读理解之应用文
专题03阅读理解之应用文答案1.（2021年新高考I卷）A【答案】21. C 22. B 23. C【解析】本文是一篇应用文。
文章介绍了罗马的几个价格低廉，安全舒适的旅馆。
【21题】细节理解题。
通过文章第一段“Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel ( 旅社).”(对旅行者来说，罗马可能很昂贵，这就是许多人选择住旅社的原因)可知选择住旅社的旅行者可能最关心的是价格。
故选C。
【22题】细节理解题。
根据Hostel Alessandro Palace部分“If you love social hostels, this is the best hostel for you in Rome.”（如果你喜欢社交旅馆，这是罗马最适合你的旅馆）可知如果你喜欢社交旅馆，Hostel Alessandro Palace是罗马最适合你的旅馆。
故选B。
【23题】细节理解题。
根据Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes部分“However, you need to pay 2 euros a day for Wi-Fi.”（但是，你需要支付每天2欧元的Wi-Fi）可知Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes的缺点是Wi-Fi收费。
故选C。
2.（2020·新课标Ⅰ）A答案】21. C 22. B 23. B【解析】这是一篇应用文。
文章主要介绍了一些火车信息，包括失物招领、公共假期安排以及列车出发时间等信息。
21.细节理解题。
根据第一段中For ticket information, please ask your local station or call 13 12 30.可知查询车票信息，请向您当地的车站询问或拨打131230。
由此可知，你可以询问当地车站或拨打131230来获得车票信息。
2021年福州第三十六中学高三语文三模试题及参考答案
2021年福州第三十六中学高三语文三模试题及参考答案一、现代文阅读（36分）(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面的文字，完成各题。
材料一：端午节的起源，其历史可能可以追溯到上古时期，一般称为“五月五日”，专称“端午”，则可能较晚。
有人认为“端五节”之所以叫“端午节”，是因为原来的端五节选择在五月的第一个午日。
也有人认为因周历建寅，即以正月为寅月，五月为午月，所以“端五”又称“端午”。
这两种说法，可能都缺乏说服力。
生活在三国时期至西晋的周处曾著有《风土记》一书，记载各地习俗，其书已轶亡，晚唐人李匡乂《资暇录》，其中载有《风土记》关于“端午”应该为“端五”的说法：“端，始也。
谓五月初五日也。
今人多书‘午’字，其义无取焉。
余家元和中端五诏书并无作‘午’字处。
而近见醴泉县尉厅壁有故光福王相题郑泉记处云：‘端五日。
’岂三十年端五之义别有见耶。
”或许，“端五”变为“端午”，仅仅是传习之讹而已。
（摘编自方铭《楚文化与屈原》，《人民政协报》2020年2月24日）材料二：关于端午的起源，说法不下十种，诸如纪念屈原、纪念伍子胥、纪念勾践、夏至节、祭龙等等。
较为合理而可信的说法，是端午节源自先秦的夏至节。
夏至，是先秦古人最早确定的四大节气之一。
古人以为阳气于此日至极、阴气于此日始兴而“阴阳争，死生分”，乃企望能于此日助阳抗阴、得生避死、除害获福、去凶化吉。
相沿成习，夏至也成了民俗活动日渐丰富的传统夏至节。
夏至节的日期，一般在三代古历中切合农事的夏历五月、即仲夏之月的五日前后。
或许随着阴阳五行说盛行，战国时人以阴阳消长来说明时节变化，以五行配四时、五方而尚“五”，既尤为重视阴阳消长最为急剧的夏至，又因为尚“五”而将节日固定在五月五日。
（摘编自蔡靖泉《端午为屈原的节俗演变与文化意义》，《湖北社会科学》2016年第1期）材料三：关于端午的起源，一是屈原，一是介子推，又一说暗示这节日是起源于伍子胥的，还有说是起于越王勾践的。
以上四说究竟那一说可靠，或都不可靠，暂时不必管。
2021年乐昌市第三中学高三语文期末试题及答案解析
2021年乐昌市第三中学高三语文期末试题及答案解析一、现代文阅读（36分）(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。
材料一:我们为什么需要科幻？科幻的意义究竟是什么？也许有人会脱口而答“预言未来”，但预测具体事件和技术，并非科幻的目的。
也许有人会回答“激发想象力”或者“激励人类探索未知”。
的确，在这些方面，科幻的作用显赫一时。
早在公元2世纪，被认为是第一部科幻作品的古希腊语小说《真实的故事》中，就已出现关于星际旅行、外星生命、星际殖民等内容。
美国“科技狂人”埃隆·马斯克坦言，正是经典科幻小说激发自己去探索未知世界。
但科幻的作用又不仅如此，好的科幻作品仍然聚焦于“人”。
在西方，科幻作品开始盛行的年代，正是人类最初进入太空的时代，也是人类开始逐渐意识到地球正面临环境、资源等种种严峻挑战的时代。
上世纪七八十年代，越来越多的科幻作品开始提出一系列“如果”的问题。
比如，如果人类或者你本人在真实世界面临这样的境况，会如何选择？也因此，美国著名科幻作家帕梅拉·萨金特将科幻定义为“思想文学”。
《纽约时报》在一篇文章中写道，电影《流浪地球》改编自刘慈欣的小说，讲述一个“拯救人类免于灭亡的奋力一搏”的故事。
东方和西方不少科幻名作拥有共通之处，那就是对人类未来命运的忧思，对人类情感的描摹。
科幻的“硬核”，并非预言乌托邦或者反乌托邦，而是帮助人们以全新角度审视自身环境和处境，警示人类在技术、文化、伦理等众多领域可能面临问题，并提出“另类”解决方案。
而从荧幕回归现实，科幻同样提醒人们用另一种视角去思考日常生活中的种种选择和挑战。
（摘编自新华社的文章）材料二:科幻文学一般分为软硬两类。
科学技术深度参与到情节发展中，故事发展受科学规律制约的作品，则属于硬科幻。
人们对硬科幻有两种误解：一种是只要不符合现有技术，就是伪科学。
另一种误解是只要是科幻，随便怎么“幻”，都是可以的。
把科幻的“科”，等同于现有技术，这会压抑科幻的空间。
2021年太原市第三十六中学高三语文月考试题及答案解析
2021年太原市第三十六中学高三语文月考试题及答案解析一、现代文阅读（36分）(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。
蝼蚁周海亮婴儿就在他们的头顶上疯狂地嚎哭，他们却无能为力。
他们的头顶上还有士兵。
荷枪实弹的士兵，抽着烟，看着婴儿，手指不离扳机。
士兵知道附近肯定有人。
这里的人们，绝不可能丢下一个婴儿。
士兵在两小时以前袭击了村子。
村人们多被击毙，只有他们躲进地下室。
地下室极其隐蔽，现在，那里藏着三个女人、一个男人和两个孩子。
女人中，她是婴儿的母亲。
本来是她的男人抱着婴儿。
逃跑时，男人腿部中了一枪，肩膀又中了一枪。
他跌倒，爬起，继续跑，用着一种怪异并且滑稽的姿势。
他们躲进地下室的时候，男人已经冲进院子，然后，他的后背中了一枪，又一枪，又一枪。
男人躺在地上痛苦地挣扎，却用了一种极舒服的姿势抱着他的婴儿。
那时地下室的盖口尚未关上，他看着女人，冲她挤挤眼睛，然后目光转向别处。
他不想让追赶他的士兵觉察到屋子里还有一个地下室。
女人甚至认为，他也许是故意挨上子弹。
女人试图冲出去，可是她被别人强行拖下去。
盖口合拢的瞬间，士兵冲进院子。
士兵在男人的脑袋上补了一枪，却留下婴儿。
他知道村子里还有人。
一天前，有村里人帮助游击队偷袭了他们的队伍。
战斗中他失去两个兄弟——真正的兄弟——父亲将他们兄弟三人，一起送上了战场。
他在等待有人自投落网。
他相信这件事终会发生，因为他有一个婴儿。
婴儿哭着，喊着，也许是饿了。
婴儿有着黄色的头发，圆圆的鼻子，眼珠就像褐色的水晶球。
士兵盯着婴儿，心中泛起波澜。
然后，士兵对自己说，战争早一天结束，他就能早一天回到家乡。
杀光隐藏在暗处的村人，就会距战争结束更近一步。
这是长官的想法，也是他的想法。
婴儿一直在哭，一直在哭。
两个女人将地下室里的女人紧紧箍住。
女人想不顾一切地冲出去，抱起她的孩子，扯起她的衣衫，让孩子含住她的乳头，狠狠地吸，狠狠地吸……她想喊出来，可是声音卡在喉咙，将她噎出眼泪。
2021年南宁市第三十六中学高三语文期末试题及答案解析
2021年南宁市第三十六中学高三语文期末试题及答案解析一、现代文阅读（36分）(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。
往事如“烟”冯骥才从家族史的意义上说，抽烟没有遗传。
虽然我父亲抽烟，我也抽过烟，但在烟上我们没有基因关系。
我曾经大抽其烟，我儿子却绝不沾烟，儿子坚定地认为不抽烟是一种文明。
看来个人的烟史是一段绝对属于自己的人生故事。
记得上小学时，我做肺部的Ｘ光透视检查。
医生一看我肺部的影像，竟然朝我瞪大双眼，那神气好像发现了奇迹。
他对我说：“你的肺简直跟玻璃的一样，太干净太透亮了。
记住，孩子，长大可绝对不要吸烟！”可是，后来步入艰难的社会。
我从事仿制古画的单位被“文革”的大锤击碎。
我必须为一家塑料印刷的小作坊跑业务，天天像沿街乞讨一样，钻进一家家工厂去寻找活计。
而接洽业务，打开局面，与对方沟通，先要敬上一支烟。
烟是市井中一把打开对方大门的钥匙。
可最初我敬上烟时，却只是看着对方抽，自己不抽。
这样反而倒有些尴尬。
敬烟成了生硬的“送礼”。
于是，我便硬着头皮开始了抽烟的生涯。
为了敬烟而吸烟。
应该说，我抽烟完全是被迫的。
儿时，那位医生叮嘱我的话，那句金玉良言，我至今未忘。
但生活的警句常常被生活本身击碎。
因为现实总是至高无上的。
甚至还会叫真理甘拜下风。
当然，如果说起我对生活严酷性的体验，这还只是九牛一毛呢！古人以为诗人离不开酒，酒后的放纵会给诗人招来意外的灵感；今人以为作家的写作离不开烟，看看他们写作时脑袋顶上那纷纭缭绕的烟缕，多么像他们头脑中翻滚的思绪啊。
但这全是误解！好的诗句都是在清明的头脑中跳跃出来的；而“无烟作家”也一样写出大作品。
真正的烟民全都是无时不抽的。
他们闲时抽，忙时抽；舒服时抽，疲乏时抽……我们误以为烟有消闲、解闷、镇定、提神和助兴的功能，其实不然。
对于烟民来说，不过是这无时不伴随着他们的小小的烟卷，参与了他们大大小小一切的人生苦乐罢了。
我至今记得父亲挨整时，总躲在屋角不停地抽烟。
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Exercise 13Biologists have long maintained that two groups of pinnipeds, sea lions and walruses, are descended froma terrestrial bearlike animal, whereas the remaininggroup, seals, shares an ancestor with weasels. But the5 recent discovery of detailed similarities in the skeletal structure of the flippers in all three groups underminesthe attempt to explain away superficial resemblance asdue to convergent evolution—the independent develop- ment of similarities between unrelated groups in10 response to similar environmental pressures. Flippersmay indeed be a necessary response to aquatic life,turtles, whales, and dugongs also have them. But the common detailed design found among the pinnipeds probably indicates a common ancestor. Moreover,15 walruses and seals drive themselves through the water with thrusts of their hind flippers, but sea lions usetheir front flippers. If anatomical similarity in theflippers resulted from similar environmental pressures,as posited by the convergent-evolution theory, one20 would expect walruses and seals, but not seals and sea lions, to have similar flippers. (162 words)1. The author implies that which of the following was partof the long-standing view concerning pinnipeds?□A Pinnipeds are all descended from a terrestrialbearlike animal.□B Pinnipeds share a common ancestor with turtles, whales, and dugongs□C Similari es among pinnipeds are due to their allhaving had to adapt to aquatic life.2. The author implies which of the following about thefact that turtles, whales, and dugongs all have flippers?○A It can be explained by the hypothesis that turtles, whales, and dugongs are very closely related.○B It can be explained by the idea of convergentevolution.○C It suggests that turtles, whales, and dugongsevolved in separate parts of the world○D It undermines the view that turtles, whales, anddugongs are all descended from terrestrial ancestors.○E It is the primary difference between turtles, whales,and dugongs, on the one hand, and pinnipeds, onthe other.3. Select the sentence in the passage in which the authorshows that the implication of the common view iscontradicted by a new finding.阅读2：上文第三句以趋同进化(convergent evolution)解释一种现象：鳍足确实有可能是为了适应水中生活而作出的一个必要的反应;龟、鲸鱼以及儒艮(dugongs)同样都长有鳍足。
由句中的may可知这是一个让步：这三种动物之间无亲缘关系但有相同结构，肯定是相似环境造成的。
有让步就有转折，下一句的转折暗示新观点的出现：但在鳍足亚目动物之间所发现的那种普遍的细致构造可能表明它们来自共同的祖先。
针对老观点——鳍足亚目动物从两类不同动物进化而来，给出新观点：这些鳍足亚目动物并非从两类不同动物进化而来，而是有共同祖先，即从同一类动物进化而来。
后文作补充说明，否定趋同进化的解释。
Q1. Except题：A. “two groups of”不是所有；B. 没提；C. 定位L7“explain away superficial resemblance as due to convergentevolution—the independent development of similarities between unrelatedgroups in response to similar environmental pressures”新的观点要排除掉的就是以前老的观点，选C；Q2. 紧接着convergent evolution举得例子说的就是这个。
选B；Q3. But the recent discovery of detailed similarities in the skeletal structure of the flippers in all three groups undermines the attempt to explain away superficial resemblance as due to convergent evolution—the independent development of similarities between unrelated groups in response to similar environmental pressures.According to astronomer S.A. Phinney, kicking a rockhard enough to free it from Earth's gravity would requirea meteorite capable of making a crater more than 60 milesacross. Moreover, even if Earth rocks were freed bymeteorite impact, Mars's orbit is much larger than Earth's,so Phinney estimates that the probability of these rockshitting Mars is about one-tenth as great as that of Mars'srocks hitting Earth. To demonstrate this estimate, Phinneyused a computer to calculate where 1,000 hypotheticalparticles would go if ejected from Earth in randomdirections. He found that 17 of the 1,000 particles wouldhit Mars.4. Which of the following, if true, would cast mostdoubt on Phinney's estimate of the probability ofEarth rocks hitting Mars?○A Rather than going in random direc ons, about25 percent of all particles ejected from Earthgo in the same direction into space.○B Approximately 100 meteorites large enough tomake a noticeable crater hit the Earth each year.○C No rocks of Earth origin have been detectedon Mars.○D The velocity of rocks escaping from Earth's gravity islower than the velocity of meteorites hitting the Earth.○E No craters more than 60 miles across havebeen found on Mars.阅读1：Q4：质疑的对象是Phinney's estimate of the probability of Earth rocks hitting Mars；也就是，地球的石头撞火星是火星的石头撞地球概率的十分之一，这个是基于17/1000的概率地球的石头会撞上火星的模拟实验，这个实验有基于一个前提假设：所有的石头发射出去之后，运行的方向是随机的。