礼貌原则指导下的商务英语信函写作

礼貌原则指导下的商务英语信函写作

Business letter writing under the guidance of politeness principle

摘要：礼貌是语言交际中的普遍现象,也是商务英语信函中最令人关注的语言特征。恰当运用礼貌原则有助于信函作者写出得体、礼貌的商务英语信函,获得期望中的效果,从而实现商务活动中的双赢。笔者通过系统分析和大量实例比较,论述外贸信函英语应坚持礼貌原则,归纳出当代商务英语信函中的礼貌表现。

关键词：礼貌原则；商务英语信函

引言

随着中国经济的迅猛发展和世界经济全球一体化区域集团化进程的加快，中国与世界各国间的合作向着纵深方向发展，经贸往来日益频繁，与此同时，商务英语在中外贸易交往中发挥了重要作用。其中，商务信函更是中外企业之间业务往来使用最为频繁的沟通工具。因此，对于英语专业高年级的学生或者专门学习经贸英语的学生而言，在学习商务信函写作过程中，学会如何得体、恰当地与客户交流沟通是十分重要的，在某种程度上，甚至关系到贸易的得失成败。

一、商务英语社交及事务书信的基本写作原则

商务英语社交及事务书信与商务函电同属于商务应用文．其基本写作原则可以用7C来概括，即礼貌(courtesy)、完整(completeness)、正确(correctness)、清楚(clearness)、简洁(conciseness)、具体(concreteness)和体谅(consideration)。其中．礼貌这一原则可谓诸原则中最重要的。毕竟。商务书信的目的是要通过处理商务社交事宜、传递信息来建立或巩固商务或个人感情。可以想象．一封缺乏礼貌的书信。即使再完美无缺、正确无误、清晰明了、言简意赅、具体形象、考虑周到。也不可能达到预期的效果只会让收信人反感厌恶，结果适得其反。由此可见，礼貌原则在商务书信写作中置关重要。

二、Leech的礼貌原则

The politeness principle of Leech

对英语礼貌原则,传统上较注意从语用学的理论角度来分析。英国语言学家Leech 在这一方面有较大的贡献, Leech 是在对言语行为理论( Speech Act Theory) 和合作原则( Co2operativePrincip les)进行批判发展的基础上提出了礼貌原则,他成功

地解释了合作原则所不能解释的人们表达意图是语言的间接性,从而弥补了合作原则的某些缺陷, 完善了格莱斯的会话含义学说( conversational implicative) 。For English politeness principle, traditionally a note from a pragmatic theory perspective. British linguists Leech in this hand to make a greater contribution to Leech is, in Speech Act Theory (bring) and principle of cooperation guys Act (Co2operativePrincip criticizes development les) are put forward on the basis of politeness principle, he successfully explained the principle of cooperation can explain people express intention is the language of indirectness, offsetting the cooperative principle has some shortcomings, and improves the grice's cooperative meaning doctrine (conversational implicative).

Leech 指出,在交往中人们为了不直截了当地触及对方的“面子”,只能拐弯抹角、含蓄间接地表达其真实的信息,而让听者自己去理解他的“言外之意”。礼貌原则就是在其他条件相同的情况下,把不礼貌的信念减弱到最低限度。Leech points out, in intercourse people for not flatly touched the other "face", can beat around the bush, implicative indirectly to express their true information, but let the listener's own to understand his "illocutionary". The politeness principle is the same in other conditions, not polite to a minimum. Faith abate

把一些对听话人或第三者来说不礼貌的话,或是略去不说或是婉转间接地说出来。礼貌原则要求人们在交际中尽量减少有损他人的、有利自己的观点;尽量减少对他人的贬低,对自己的赞赏;尽量减少对他人观点的不一致和感情的对立。Put some third party to obedient or is not polite, or avoid say or tactfully indirectly speak out. The politeness principle, ask people in the communication to minimize the detrimental to others, favorable own viewpoint; Minimize the demeaning to others for your own admiration; Try to reduce to others view inconsistencies and feelings of the conflict.

概括地说,礼貌原则就是在其他条件相同的情况下,把不礼貌的信念减弱到最低限度,把一些对听话人或第三者来说是不礼貌的话,或是略去不说,或是婉转、间接地说出来。礼貌原则具体内容如下: Generally speaking, the politeness principle is the same in other conditions, not polite to a minimum, belief weakened to some people or a third party would be obedient, or avoid not polite, or never good.tactfully, indirectly, say it. The politeness principle specific content as follows:

(1)得体准则( tact maxim) :尽量减少表达有损于他人的观点。尽量少让自己吃亏,多让别人得益。Appropriate standards (tact maxim) : minimize express beneath the views of others. Less as far as possible let oneself suffer, more let others benefits.

(2)慷慨准则( generosity maxim) :减少表达利己的观点。尽量少使自己得益,多让自己吃亏。Generous standards (generosity maxim) : reduce express themselves viewpoint. Benefit himself less as far as possible, let oneself illiteracy.

(3)赞誉准则( app robation maxim) :减少表达对他人的贬损。尽量少贬低别人,多赞誉别人。Praise criteria (maxim) : reduce robation app for others express put-down. Debased others less as far as possible, much praise others.

(4)谦虚准则(modesty maxim) : 减少对自己的表扬。尽量少赞誉自己,多赞誉别人。Modest standards maxim) : reduce certain constraints (modesty about their praise. Praise yourself, much less as far as possible praise others.

(5)一致准则( agreementmaxim) :减少自己与别人在观点上的不一致。尽量减少双方的分歧,尽量双方一致。Consistent standards (agreementmaxim) : reduce oneself and others in the viewpoint of inconsistent. Try to reduce their differences, the two sides agreed as far as possible.

(6)同情准则( sympathy maxim) :减少自己与他人在感情上的对立。尽量减少双方的反感,增加双方的同情。Sympathy criteria (maxim) : reduce his sympathy with others in