简说too…to…结构

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简说too…to…结构

■崔长平河南遂平一高(463100)

“too+形容词或副词+动词不定式(短语)”是一个很常见的结构。这一结构中的动词不定式通常起着结果状语的作用,修饰副词too。这一结构含有否定含义,意思是:太……而不能……;太……以至于不……。

It was good to be true. 那太好了,难于令人置信。

The question is too difficult to answer. 这个问题太难回答了。

I am too tired to think of anything now. 我现在太累,什么也不能思考了。

这一结构可以转换成so…that…引导的结果状语从句。

I am so tired that I cannot think of anything now.

在too…to…结构中,如果句子的主语是动词不定式所表示的动作的承受者,不定式即可以使用主动形式,也可以使用被动形式。

The tea is too hot to drink / to be drunk.

若使用for引起不定式的逻辑主语,这个逻辑主语是动词不定式所表示的动作的执行者,不定式便使用主动形式;若是不定式动作的承受者,则须使用被动形式。

The package is too heavy for you to carry.

It was too late for the work to be done.

在有for短语的情况下,其后的动词不定式还可以省略去。

The watch is too expensive for him (to buy).

然而,是不是所有的“too…to…”结构都可以翻译成:太……以至于不……?

下面简谈一下特殊情况:

■若在too前加有not或never时,即not(never)too … to… ,句子的意义就变为肯定。意为:并不太……所以能……;决不太……所以能……。

English is not too difficult to learn.

It is never too late to give up our wrong beliefs.

■若是not加用在动词不定式之前,即:too…not to…,便把动词不定式原有的否定意义打消了,句子就会变为:太……不会不……;太……不至于不……。

He is too careful not to have noticed it.

This was too great an honor not to excite the envy of his rivals.

■若在too前加上only,all或 but 等副词,就变成了only too,all too,but too三个副词性的习惯用语了,意为“非常,很“,语气很强,句中动词不定式的意义肯定,起着状语作用,修饰too后面的形容词或者副词。

They are only too glad to have a chance to visit London.

You know but too well to hold your tongue.

注意:only too 只与部分形容词连用,常见的有:glad,pleased,thankful,willing,good,happy,true,delighted 等。

■在too…to…结构中,若too后面是apt,anxious,glad,ready,easy,eager,nervous,willing,happy,inclined,pleased 等时,其后的动词不定式是说明这些形容词的,句意肯定。

He was too ready to blame others.

He was too eager to meet his old friends.

He is too willing to go out on a picnic with us.

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