浅谈虚拟语气特殊用法

例句7. Einstein had little concern for money, though he could have been an very rich man.
4.省去条件从句或主句
表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略，但其含义仍可以推知。
①.省去条件从句。
例如: You could have washed your clothes yourself.你本可以自已洗衣服的。省去了"If you had wanted to" (事实是:你自己没洗衣服，因为你不想洗。)。
It’s time that we began our meeting.
是该开会的时候了。
It is high time that we should tell him the truth.
是我们该告诉他真相的时候了。
6.在表示建议、命令、要求、坚持（suggest，order，demand，propose，request，command，insist）等相关的名词性从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“（should）+动词原形”。如：
建议是我们每天应背诵一篇短文。（表语从句）
It is demanded that we（should）get everything ready by tonight.
我们被要求今晚之前把一切都准备好。（主语从句）
7.在“ It is +形容词+ that从句”中，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气“（should）+动词原形”。这类形容词有necessary，important，essential，strange，natural等。如：
注意：
①.在正式文体中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had或should，可以把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装，另外主句中的should只用于I、we，但在美国英语中，should常被would代替；从句中的should可用于各种人称。
②. if= on condition that, suppose that, supposing that, provided that和providing that.
她坚持说她曾看见一个小偷从窗口爬进了房间。
The smile on his face suggested that he had passed the exam.
他脸上的微笑表明他已通过了考试。
10.在as if / as though引导的状语从句表示的是非真实情况时，从句的谓语动词要用过去时或过去完成时。如：
She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.
她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。
浅谈高中英语中虚拟语气的用法
(The Subjunctive Mood)
在我们汉语中因为没有虚拟语气这一概念，因此当高中学生遇到这一语法点时，他们往往因为没有母语作为参照，在理解时，存在或多或少的问题,虚拟语气指的是:表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。现在笔者从三个方面对这一语法进行论述：
would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形
例句1. If my brother were here, everything would be all right.要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都没问题了。
例句2. If you had taken my advice，you wouldn't have failed in the exam.如果你按照我的建议去做，你一定不会(不可能)考试不及格。
如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。例如: If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。(事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。)
在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。现将虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式列表如下:
我希望长大后能够参军。（表示的是将来）
9.在insist和suggest后的宾语从句中常用虚拟语气表示建议、要求或命令。但当insist表示“坚称；主张”时，宾语从句要用陈述语气；当suggest表示“表明；暗示”时，宾语从句也要用陈述语气。如：
She insisted that she had seen a thief climb into the house through the window.
But for your help，we couldn’t have finished the task in time.（= If you hadn’t helped us… tomorrow…）
要不是你的帮助，我Biblioteka Baidu就不会按时完成任务。
3.在if引导的虚拟条件句中，如果条件状语从句位于句首，且从句中含有were，had或should，则可以省略if，并用倒装结构。如：
I wish I had enough money to buy a car.
我希望能有足够的钱来买一辆小汽车。（表示的是现在）
He whishes he had not lost the chance.
他真希望没有失去机会。（表示的是过去）
I wish I would join the army when I grow up.
浅谈虚拟语气的特殊用法
1.当虚拟条件从句中的谓语动词和主句中的谓语动词发生的时间不一致时，主句和从句的谓语动词应根据实际的时间选用适当的动词形式。如：
If you had earned enough money，you would live a happy life in the future.
如果你已挣了足够的钱，你今后就会过上幸福的生活。
I would prefer he worked hard.
我倒希望他能够努力学习。
I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.
我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。
5.在“ It’s（high/ about）time + that从句”中，that从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，表示“是该……的时候了”，其形式为一般过去时或“ should +动词原形”，但should不能省略。如：
②.用在名词insistence, suggestion, order, proposal和demand等后面的表语从句和同位语从句中。例如: The order he gave was that everyone should stay at home.（他当时发布的命令是每个人都应该呆在家里。）例如: The suggestion that we should save water every day has been adopted.（我们应该每天节约用水的建议已经被采纳了。）
例句1. But for your help, we couldn’t have finished the work in time.
例句2. Without music, the world would be a dull place.
例句3. He would have given you more help, but he has been busy.
②.省去主句(常用以表示愿望)。
例如: If my grandmother were with me!如果我的祖母与我在一起多好啊!(事实是:祖母已不在世。)。
二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用
1.虚拟语气用在表示命令，要求和建议的名词性从句中，从句谓语动词用should/do的形式。
①.用在动词insist, suggest, propose, demand, recommend和require等后面的宾语从句中。例如: I demand that he (should) answer me immediately.（我要求他立刻答复我。）
例句3.If it were Sunday tomorrow, I should go to see my grandmother.如果明天是星期天，我就(可能)去看望我奶奶。
例句4.If it were to snow this evening, they would not go out.如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。
Should it rain tomorrow，we would have to stay at home.（= If it should rain tomorrow…）
如果明天下雨，我们就得呆在家里。
4.如果主句中含有would rather，would as soon，would sooner或would prefer，则从句要用过去时表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表达希望或婉转的责备。如：
例句4. He would gain weight but he doesn’t eat enough.
例句5. With better equipment, we could have done it better.
例句6. He was very busy doing his experiments in physics, otherwise he would have given you much help.
例句2. If I were you, I would have taken his advice.
例句3. If he were here now, he would go there with us.
3.含蓄条件句
指用介词短语或连词引导的虚拟语气，包括without, but for/that, with, but ,otherwise, or, or else, though, although。
一、条件句中的虚拟语气
1.非真实条件句中
条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句。在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。例如: If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park.如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。
（从句与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时；主句与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“ would/should/could/might+动词原形”。）
2.在虚拟语气中，有时假设的情况并不是以条件状语从句的形式表示，而是通过相应的介词或连词来表示，如without，but for，or，but，otherwise等。如：
2.错综时间条件句
条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间如果不一致，这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整,具体分为三种情况。
过去+现在，现在+过去，现在+将来
例句1. If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be all right now.
虚拟情况
从句
主句
与现在事实相反
动词的过去式
（be的过去式一般用were）
would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形
与过去事实相反
had +过去分词
would/ should/ could/ might + have +过去分词
与将来事实相反
动词过去式
should +动词原形
were to +动词原形
The order that we should reach the small village before daybreak came just now.
要求我们在天亮之前赶到小村庄的命令刚刚下达。（同位语从句）
The suggestion is that we（should）recite a passage each day.
It is necessary that he（should）be sent to the hospital at once.
立刻送他进医院是非常必要的。
8.由wish引起的表示愿望的宾语从句，其谓语要用虚拟语气。当wish表示的是与现在或当时事实相反的愿望时，它所引起宾语从句的谓语动词要用一般过去时或过去进行时；当wish表示的是与过去事实相反的愿望时，它所引起宾语从句的谓语动词要用过去完成时；当wish表示的是将来难以实现的愿望时，它所引起宾语从句的谓语动词要用“ would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形”。如：