Lesson13
【新】冀教版九年级英语上册第三单元Lesson 13课件
decorate
enough
catch
landed
serious
arm
Can you retell the story?
Key words: decorate, tall enough, fall down, land, Brian’s arm
Exercise: Fill in the blanks
Work in groups of five. One of you can be the narrator. The others can be Danny, Brian, Mr. Jones and Jenny.
Homework
1. Finish workbook of Lesson 13. 2. Write the story on the
2. What happened?
Danny couldn’t reach the ceiling and fell down from the chair, but he landed on top of Brian whose arm hurt.
Read and answer
1. What did Jenny want to do at the beginning? 2. At last, who is Jenny going to call?
notebooks. 3. Listen and read.
Thank you !
冀教版 九年级
Have you ever climbed onto a chair to reach something? Was it safe?
Lesson 13 Be Careful, Danny!
New words
四年级上册英语Lesson 13
Where is the school/classroom/library?
I can show you.
Homework
1. Do the exercises in the students' book. 2. Learn to sing the song in this lesson.
Unit 3 Let’s Go!
Lesson 13 At School
Sing a song:
He is wearing red clothes.
(1)Review the sentence What day is it today？
(2)Ask and answer: What do you do from Monday to Sunday?
Practice
一、单项选择。
（ ）1. Let me show my skirt
you.
A. in B. to
C. on
（ பைடு நூலகம்2.
Can you help me?
A. Hi! B. Sorry! C. Excuse me!
（ ）3. — What
he do?
— He can draw pictures.
⑤here (副词)这里;在这儿
例句 She is here. 她在这儿。 对应词 there 短语 come here 来这里
重点句型 1. Where’s the computer room? 电脑教室在哪里?
详解 这是一个特殊疑问句,用来询问某人/某物在哪里。 where是特殊疑问词,对地点/位置进行提问。 句型结构: Where + be + 主语?
Lesson13课文原文翻译及重点冀教版七年级英语下册
冀教版英语七班级下册课文原文及翻译Lesson 13 Lesson 13 课文翻译Hi, Jenny. How is your school life going?嗨，詹妮，你的校内生活怎么样？Well, I am a little busy this term.这个学期我有点忙。
I have six classes every day.每天我有六节课。
My school days are very long.在校时间很长。
Me too. I also have six classes every day.我也是。
我每天也有六节课。
I start school at 8:00 a.m.我早上八点钟上课。
I usually finish at 5:00 p.m.通常下午五点放学It's a long day, but I like my school.漫长的一天，但是我喜爱我的学校。
My school subjects are so interesting.我们的学科都很好玩。
What subjects do you have?你学哪些课程？I have Chinese, English, math, history and some others.我学习语文，英语，数学，历史和其他科目。
P.E. is my favourite.我最喜爱体育课。
We always have a big sports meet twice a year.我们通常每两年进行一次大型运动会。
I often take part in the long jump.我常常参与跳远活动。
Last term I won first place!上学期我得了第一名！Wow! You're good at the long jump.哇！我擅长跳远。
Yeah! Thank you!是的，感谢！What subjects do you have?你学哪些课程？I have social studies, shop, math, French, English and art.我有社会讨论课，手工艺课，数学课，法语课，英语课和美术课。
lesson 13 I Love Autumn课件(共32张PPT) 冀教版英语八年级上册
那屋子迟早要倒塌。
2. We will celebrate Mid-Autumn Festival this week. 这周我们将庆祝中秋节。
◉ celebrate为动词，意为“庆祝”。 ※ We went out to a restaurant to celebrate.
◉ a seven-day holiday意为“一个七天的假期”，“数词＋名词” 中间用连字符连接，作前置定语，其中的名词为单数形式， 相当于相应名词的所有格形式。
※ People enjoy a seven-day holiday. 人们享受一个七天的假期。
6. The best thing about autumn, however, is my birthday. 然而，秋天最美好的事情是我的生日。
The best thing about autumn, however, is my birthday. I will be thirteen years old this year!
How about you, Jenny? Do you celebrate any festivals in autumn? Goodbye for now!
It’s on August 15. The moon is round and bright. We will watch the moon that night and look for Chang’e. When I was a little boy, my grandma told me the story of Chang’e. In the story, a beautiful lady named Chang’e lives on the moon. We will eat moon cakes and fruit during the festival. They’re delicious! National Day is also in autumn. It’s on October 1. We will have a seven-day holiday! We will do many things together. I like going to the National Day celebration.
新概念第二册Lesson 13知识要点总结
新概念第二册Lesson 13 复习资料学习内容概览：1.复习be+副词短语的使用2.新学习定语从句的使用3.学习Lesson 134.讲解了Lesson 12的课后练习一．词汇拓展：1.group/teamA group of singers 一组歌唱选手A team of football players 一队足球运动员2.pop singerPop music 流行音乐Pop star歌星3.ClubReading club 读书俱乐部Volleyball club排球俱乐部4.performance------performGive a performance 作一场表演He performed in at a school show yesterday.昨天他在学校的一个节目中表演。
Recital 一场个人演出Execution =performance5.OccasionOn these occasions 在这样的场合6.at present目前7.All parts of the country 全国各地All parts of the world 世界各地8.most people大部分人Most of the people 这些人中的大部分9.As usual像往常一样As usual, he went for a walk after dinner.像往常一样，他晚饭后去散步了。
10.have a difficult time/have a happy time/have a hard time11.Keep order 维持秩序The police are busy keeping order.二．定语从句：（1）Jack is running after a thief.The thief took an old woman’s bag.Jack is running after a thief who/that took an old woman’s bag.The thief who/whom/that Jack is running after took an old woman’s bag.The thief Jack is running after took an old woman’s bag.注意连接词省略的情况。
新概念英语第三册精读笔记 Lesson 13
Lesson 13 "It's only me' “是我，别害怕”课文After her husband had gone to work, Mrs. Richards sent her children to school and went upstairs to her bedroom. She was too excited to do any housework that morning, for in the evening she would be going to a fancy-dress party with her husband. She intended to dress up as a ghost and as she had made her costume the night before, she was impatient to try it on. Though the costume consisted only of a sheet, it was very effective. After putting it on, Mrs. Richards went downstairs. She wanted to find out whether it would be comfortable to wear.Just as Mrs. Richards was entering the dining room, there was a knock on the front door. She knew that it must be the baker. She had told him to come straight in if ever she failed to open the door and to leave the bread on the kitchen table. Not wanting to frighten the poor man, Mrs. Richards quickly hid in the small storeroom under the stairs. She heard the front door open and heavy footsteps in the hall. Suddenly the door of the storeroom was opened and a man entered. Mrs. Richards realized that it must be the man from the Electricity Board who had come to read the meter. She tried to explain the situation, saying 'It's only me', but it was too late. The man let out a cry and jumped back several paces. When Mrs. Richards walked towards him, he fled, slamming the door behind him.New words and expressions 生词和短语costume n. 化装服consist v. 由……组成sheet n. 被单comfortable adj. 舒适的storeroom n. 储藏室electricity n. 电metre n. 电表pace n. 一步flee v. 逃走slam v. 砰地关上译文理查兹夫人等丈夫上班走后，把孩子送去上学，然后来到楼上自己的卧室。
Lesson13 教材知识详解
Lesson13教材知识详解它们也是我的照相机。
also作副词，意为“也”，位于句中的系动词或助动词之后，实义动词之前。
如：Canhealsoswim他也会游泳吗我有一个鼻子和一张嘴。
本句的句子结构是：主语have宾语。
one是定语修饰nose和mouth。
nose和mouth为名词，意为“鼻子”和“嘴”，都是可数名词，复数都是在其后加-s。
如：Thegirlhasasmallmouth这个女孩有一张小巧的嘴。
①对鼻子、嘴等名词的单数提问时，我们用：一Whatisit它是什么—It’sanose是鼻子。
②而对眼睛和耳朵的提问，则要视情况而定。
强调复数时，要用：—Whatarethey它们是什么—Theyareeyes是眼睛。
③当我们表示“用眼睛看”，“用耳朵听”时，常用复数形式。
如：Weseewithoureyes我们用眼睛看。
Ilistenwithmyears我用耳朵听。
我会说英语和汉语。
s singintheroom我经常听见他在房间里唱歌。
（他经常唱歌）Ihearhimsingingintheroom我听见他正在房间里唱歌。
（他正在唱歌）—justlieyou!我有十个手指——就像你一样！lie这里用作介词，表示“像，如”，后面跟名词或代词。
如：Theyareliebrothersandsisters他们就像兄弟姐妹一样。
6…,butIcanmaenoodlesforyou……但我能给你做面条。
意为“为某人制作某物”，也可以说。
如：IwanttomaeacardforMumforherbirthday=IwanttomaeMumacardforherbirthday我想为妈妈做一个生日卡片。
新概念英语第二册Lesson13(共42页)
当用occasion表示在某个/些场合时，它与介词 on连用
on these occasion (s)每逢这种场合 the same 表示情况相同
注意同一意思的多种表达方式 Why are you late? = What took you so long?
你为什么迟到?
1. at present 目前, 现在 = now = nowadays 到目前为止 up to now / up till now / up to the present day / so far / by far
②组合，指合唱团
band n.乐队(如零点乐队, 只有一个主唱)
★ pop singer 流行歌手 pop = popular通俗的”、“流行的”、“大众的” 流行歌曲 / 音乐 pop song / music Do you like pop songs/ music? 你喜欢流行歌曲／音乐吗？ 流行歌星 pop star
• arrive 一词除“到达”之意还有”来到“， “出生”之意
– 4、 They will be coming by train and most of the young people in the town will meeting them at the station.
• The young people in the town 镇上的年轻人。 • 介词短语修饰人要放在人的后面； • most of ：大部分；大多数的； • most of the book; most of the time; • 有of 就一定有the；没有of 就不用the. • Most books；most students； • most people（本就是复数不用加s）
新概念英语课文熟悉与背诵Lesson13
As usual, the police will have a difficult time. They will be trying to keep order.
It is always the same on these occasions.
第十三课 绿色少年
“绿色少年”是一个流行歌曲演唱团。 目前他们正在全国各地巡回演出， 明天就要到达此地。 他们将乘火车来， 镇上的大部分青年人将到车站迎接他们。 明晚他们将在工人俱乐部演出。 “绿色少年”准备在此逗留5天。 在此期间，他们将演出5场。 同往常一样，警察的日子不好过， 他们将设法维持秩序。
镇上的大部分青年人将到车站迎接他们。
and most of the young people in the town will be meeting them at the station.
明晚他们将在工人俱乐部演出。
Tomorrow evening they will be singing at the Workers' Club. “绿色少年”准备在此逗留5天。 The Greenwood Boys will be staying for five days. 在此期间，他们将演出5场。
Read the following sentences:
The Greenwood Boys are a group of popular singers. “绿色少年”是一个流行歌曲演唱团。 At present, they are visiting all parts of the country. 目前他们正在全国各地巡回演出， They will be arriving here tomorrow. 明天就要到达此地。 They will be coming by train 他们将乘火车来， and most of the young people in the town will be meeting them at the station. 镇上的大部分青年人将到车站迎接他们。
新概念英语第二册Lesson13 The Greenwood Boys 课件
Who are the Greenwood Boys?
They are a group of pop singers.
How will they come?
They will be coming by train.
Why will the police have a difficult time?
4.Whose is this mobile phone? (Tom or Tom’s)
— It belongs to Tom.
Or _I_t__is__T_o_m_’s_.____
6. The Greenwood Boys will be staying for five days.
7. During this time, they will give five performances.
二、用表示将来进行时的will be doing改写以下句子 e.g：We’ll discuss this topic with them in the office.
We’ll be discussing this topic with them in the office. 1.We’ll see our friends in the summer. W_e’_ll_b_e__s_e_ei_n_g_o_u_r_f_r_ie_n_d_s__in__th_e__s_um__m_e_r_. _______ 2.They’ll catch the 10 o’clock flight. Th_ey_’_ll_b_e__c_at_c_h_in_g___th_e__t_en__o_’c_lo_c_k__fl_ig_h_t_.________ 3.We’ll decorate our new house. W_e_’l_l _b_e_d_e_c_o_ra_t_i_ng__o_u_r_n_e_w__h_ou_s_e_.______________ 4.John will work the whole weekend. Jo_h_n__w_il_l _b_e_w_o_r_k_in_g__th_e__w_h_o_le__w_e_e_k_e_nd_.__________ 5.A group of pop singers will put on a performance. A _g_r_ou_p__o_f_p_o_p_s_i_ng_e_r_s_w__ill__b_e_p_u_t_ti_n_g_o_n__a_p_e_r_fo_r_m_a_n_ce.
新概念英语第一册Lesson13课件
3. This is my __s_is_te_r_'s__(sister) blouse. __H__e_r _(She) blouse is white.
3. It's the same colour.
2. 情景与交际（1分钟） 1）想引起对方注意，可以说：...... 2）请求别人上楼来，可以说：...... 3）称赞一件连衣裙，可以这样说：......称赞帽子呢？
1. Look!
e upstairs
3. That's a nice dress. It's very smart. That is a lovely hat!
What colour is this ...?
It's ...
blue
grey
black
white brown
4. 情景与记忆（1分30秒） 2) Very good. Look at the following pictures and tell me "What colour's this ...?".
That is a lovely hat!
Language points
it's 代替的是 my
What coloneuw rdr'esss your new dress?
It's green.
What colour's your shirt? It's white.
Language points
《Lesson 13》 讲义
《Lesson 13》讲义在我们的学习之旅中，每一个新的课程都像是一扇通向知识宝库的新门。
今天，让我们一同走进 Lesson 13，探索其中的奥秘。
首先，我们来谈谈这节课的重点词汇。
比如说“complex”这个词，它不仅有“复杂的”意思，还可以表示“综合的”。
在实际运用中，我们可能会说“A complex problem requires a sophisticated solution”（一个复杂的问题需要一个复杂的解决方案）。
还有“diverse”，意思是“多种多样的”，例如“People have diverse hobbies”（人们有各种各样的爱好）。
语法部分也是这节课的重要内容。
关于时态，我们深入学习了过去完成时。
过去完成时用于表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。
举个例子，“By the time I arrived at the party, everyone had already left”（当我到达派对的时候，每个人都已经离开了）。
这里，“had left”就是过去完成时，它强调了“离开”这个动作在“我到达”之前就已经完成。
在句型方面，有一个很实用的句型值得我们关注，那就是“It is ＋adj ＋for sb to do sth” 这个句型用于表达“对某人来说做某事是……的”。
比如，“It is difficult for me to understand this passage”（对我来说理解这篇文章很难）。
接下来，我们看看课文中的内容。
课文讲述了一个有趣的故事，通过这个故事，我们能更生动地理解所学的语言知识。
在故事中，主人公经历了一系列的事件，这些事件的描述巧妙地运用了我们本节课所学的词汇和语法。
学习语言不仅仅是记住单词和语法规则，更重要的是能够运用它们进行有效的交流。
所以，在这节课中，我们还安排了大量的口语练习和书面练习。
口语练习可以让我们更加自信地开口说英语，比如通过角色扮演，模拟真实的场景进行对话。
八年级英语下册Lesson13教材内容详解冀教版
Lesson 13 Why Are plants important?为什么植物重要？◆课文英汉对照THINK ABOUT IT! 想一想！●Are there a lot of trees where you live? Why or why not?你住的地方有许多树吗？为什么有或为什么没有？●Why do we need trees? 我们为什么需要树？●What kind of things can plants do? 植物能做什么事情？W e N e e d T r e e s!我们需要树！JENNY: Let’s talk about trees and the reason why we need them.Trees help clean the air. It’s pleasant to walk among the trees. They also give us food—like apples,bananas and oranges.詹妮：让我们进一步讨论一下树以及我们为什么需要树的原因吧。
树能帮助清洁空气。
在林间散步是一种乐趣。
它们也给我们（生产）食物—像苹果、香蕉和橘子。
DANNY: How about donuts? I want to dig a hole and plant a donut tree!丹妮：油炸圈饼怎么样？我想挖一个坑来种一棵油炸圈饼树！BRIAN: Donduts don’t grow on trees! But we can make and build things with trees—like chairs,beds and houses!布莱恩：油炸圈饼不长在树上！但是我们可以用树来制造和建造东西——像橘子、床和房子！DANNY: Sometimes the weather is wunny and hot. Then we can sit under a tree in the shade.丹尼：天气有时晴朗且燥热。
高级英语下lesson 13
at any rate : in any event ; in any case 不管怎样。 如：I will leave him alone at any rate.
apt :likely , having a tendency 常会，容易（有某种倾向）。 如：A careless person is apt to make
maximum :
(being) the highest amount, value, or degree
that can be reached 最大限度。 如: My maximum is 240. He smokes a maximum of 30 cigarettes a day. My salary is not at its maximum yet. 我的工资还未到最高水平。 It requires your maximum effort.
Lesson 13 work
exceeding extraordinary or exceptional exceedingly :extremely 极其。 irksome irk : to annoy , esp . in a provoking or tedious way 令人讨厌。 如: It irks me to do such tedious work.
drudgery :
苦工 drudge :a person who does menial, dull or
hard work. 勤苦地做单调乏味的苦工的人。
sensation(s) :
widespread excitement or interest. 轰动。
first and foremost:
新概念三册 Lesson 13 词汇及课文详解
Lesson13'It's only me'“是我，别害怕”New words and expression 生词和短语＊costume n.化装服-- costume ball 化妆舞会/ -- costume party / -- fancy (dress) party 化妆舞会suit（n.西装, 西服） dress（n.裙子）＊consist v.由…组成（表示被动概念）-- The house consists of six rooms.近义词组：be made up of…由...组成/ comprise v.包含, 由...组成（整体由部分所构成）-- The committee consists of 10 members. = The committee is made up of 10 members.（committee n.委员会）-- The United Kingdom consists of (=comprises) G.B and Northern Ireland.be composed of…由...组成（强调有什么成分所组成）-- Water is composed of oxygen and hydrogen.（compose v.组成, 写作）-- oxygen（n.氧，氧气）hydrogen（n.氢）-- The force would be composed of troops from NATO countries.-- The committee was evenly composed of men and women．＊sheet n.被单answer sheet 答题卡＊effective adj.有明显效果的，有作用的-- His actions were more effective than his words.-- The government should take effective measures to live through this economic crisis.近义词：influential adj.有潜移默化影响力的, 有势力的-- What our parents do is influential to children.fruitful adj.有成效的, 产生结果的-- Their experiment is fruitful.反ineffective effect n. effectively adv. efficient adj. 有效率的＊comfortable adj.舒适的（反义词：uncomfortable）-- She leads a happy and comfortable life, never lacking for money or friends.comfort（n.舒适v.安慰）-- live in comfortdiscomfort（n.不舒适vt.使不舒适, 使不便）-- In spite of discomforts he is determined to stay here.＊pace n.一步，速度，步速-- take two paces forwardkeep pace with 与...保持同步，并驾齐驱-- The earnings have failed to keep pace with the rate of inflation.at sb’s own pace 按合适自己的速度＊flee vt.vi. (fled, fled)逃走 (总称)泛泛强调逃离危险的禁地flee from sb/sth-- The people fled in panic when the bull got loose. 当牛挣脱绳子时人们惊慌的四散而逃。
新概念英语Lesson13
◆comfortable ['k?mf?t?bl] adj. 舒适的
n. 盖被
adj. 舒适的，舒服的
◆streroom n. 储藏室
◆electricity [,ilek'tris?ti] n. 电
n. 电力；电流；强烈的紧张情绪
◆metre metre ['mi:t?]
They tried to escape death.
二:课文讲解：
【Text】
§ Lesson 13 ‘It’s only me’ “是我，别害怕”
What did the man expect to find under the stairs?
After her husband had gone to work, Mrs Richards sent her children to school and went upstairs to her bedroom. She was too excited to do any housework that morning, for in the evening she would be going to a fancy dress party with her husband. She intended to dress up as a ghost and as she had made her costume the night before, she was impatient to try it on. Though the costume consisted only of a sheet, it was very effective. After putting it on, Mrs Richards went downstairs. She wanted to find out whether it would be comfortable to wear.
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Sino-German Know-How Automobile Training Base
汽车专业英语
Special English for Automobile
ACIS=acoustic control induction system ＝VIM＝variable intake manifold
中德诺浩汽车实训基地
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Ambient air temperature 环境温度/大气温度：汽车周围的空气温度。 APV＝all purpose vehicle ＝MPV＝muti-purpose vehicle 多用途车辆：10座以下单厢式乘用车。 Aspect ratio （轮胎）高宽比：轮胎断面高度与断面宽度的 比率，如205/75R:205为轮胎断面宽度，75为 轮胎断面高宽比。
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Corporate average fuel economy/CAFE 全公司平均油耗：指任一汽车制造公司某阶段生 产的所有型号汽车的平均油耗。 Current repair of vehicle
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AIR=secondary air injection
二次空气喷射：在一些排气污染控制系统中，如 热反应器或双床催化转化器中，将外部二次空气 喷入排气中，确保供氧充足，促进HC或CO氧化 而成无害的水蒸气和二氧化碳。
Air bag 安全气囊：一种汽车乘员被动安全装置，在汽车 碰撞时能迅速充气以保护乘员的身体免于接触车 辆结构。
催化剂中毒：当有害物质（如铅、硫、磷）沉 积在催化剂表面，削弱或消除了催化剂对排气 污染物催化转化能力的现象。
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Blue smoke
节气门体燃油喷射：一种在节气门处装有一个或 更多个喷油器的电子控制燃油喷射。
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Full time four wheel drive/F4WD 全时四轮驱动：分动器将动力传递给两个车桥的 传动结构，不允许选择一个车桥和两种工作（模 式）。 GL＝gear lubricate 齿轮油/(美国石油学会)齿轮油分级代号：美国石 油学会对车用齿轮油共分六级：GL1～GL6。G1 使用性能最低，GL6最高。目前常用GL3（普通 齿轮油）、 GL4（中负荷齿轮油）、 GL5（重负 荷齿轮油）。
欧盟规定的五个阶段汽车排放标准的简称：从 1993年起实施EuroⅠ ，1996年起实施Euro Ⅱ ， 2000年起实施Euro Ⅲ ，2005年起实施Euro Ⅳ ， 2010年起实施Euro Ⅴ 。 Integral body
承载式车身：无独立车架的车身结构型式。
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Bare body＝body shell 车身本体/白车身：不带附件及装饰件，未涂漆的 车身。 Bare engine＝partial engine assembly 干裸发动机总成：一种作配件用的发动机总成， 它不带附件和飞轮，但带缸盖、油底壳和曲轴传 动带盘。 Catalyst poisoning
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Unit 5 Automobile Special Words ABS=anti-lock brake system
汽车术语
防抱死制动系统：制动过程中车轮抱死，会 丧失操纵稳定性，ABS能使车轮在制动时不会抱 死，从而保持操纵稳定性。 Accumulator 蓄压器：贮存液体或气体的容器，所贮液体和气 体通常高于大气压力，用于自动变速器中防止旋 转冲击。
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VIN＝vehicle identification number 车辆识别代号：车辆识别代号是制造厂为了识别 而给一辆车指定的一组字码。它共有17位，由字 母和数字组成。由于有国际标准制约，它能保证 每个制造厂30年内的车辆识别代号都不会重复， 此代号类似于我们身份证编号。 Throttle body fuel injection
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DOT 美国交通部的缩写：美国交通部对汽车制动液制 定了一系列标准，形成“DOT”系列制动液，现 用的有DOT 3、 DOT 4 、 DOT 5 、 DOT 5.1 。 EuroⅠ, Euro Ⅱ, Euro Ⅲ, Euro Ⅳ, Euro Ⅴ
加速防滑调节/牵引力控制：一种防止驱动轮滑转 的控制系统。它利用轮速传感器监测车轮与地面 是否打滑。一旦打滑，TCS立刻通过调整发动机 功率和用ABS制动来改变打滑车轮的驱动力，有 利于行车方向操控性。
Bank 1
汽缸第一组：第一组汽缸是包括1缸的那组汽缸， 例如在纵置V6发动机中，左侧1、3、5缸是第一 组。
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Exhaust back pressure 排气背压：排气管内的废气平均压力，带废气涡轮 增压器时，指涡轮后的压力。 Exhaust gas recirculation/EGR 废气再循环：通过将部分排气引入所吸进的燃油/ 空气混合气来降低Nox排放。 fatigue 疲劳：零件在较长时间内由于交变载荷的作用， 性能变坏、甚至产生断裂的现象。 yaw 横摆：汽车在水平面上绕垂直轴线的摆动。
蓝烟：柴油机排烟的一种形态，通常由未完全 燃烧的燃油和润滑油的微粒形成，尺寸通常小 于0.004mm。 bluetooth
蓝牙技术：一种无线数据与语音通信的开放性 全球规范，以低成本的近距离（10m）无线连 接为基础，使各种电子装置在无线状态下相互 连接传递数据。
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Dual-circuit braking system 双回路制动系：传能装置是由两条回路分别组 成的制动系统。若其中一处失效，仍能部分或 全部传递产生制动力的能。
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ASR=acceleration slip regulation ＝TCS＝traction control system
声控进气系统/可变进气歧管：改变进气歧管实际 长度，以提高进气效率。
ageing 老化：零件材料的性能随使用时间的增长而逐渐 衰退的现象。
Air－fuel ratio＝A/F
空燃比：空气与燃油的质量比
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Direct fuel injection 直接燃油喷射：燃油直接喷入燃烧室的燃油喷射 方式。 Indirect fuel injection 间接燃油喷射：把燃油喷入预燃烧室的一种喷射 方式。 Dual-spark ignition coil 双火花点火线圈：一个线圈同时给两个汽缸点 火，其中一个是无效点火。用于无分电器点火 系中，这样四缸机可仅用两个点火线圈，而不 用分电器。
进气冷却器/中冷器：一种用于降低增压进气温 度的装置。
Climate 气候：车辆客厢中的温度/通风。
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Common－rail injection system （柴油机）燃油共轨燃油喷射系统：具有类似于 汽油机的燃油轨，只是燃油轨中是140Mpa以上 压力的柴油。所有的喷油器都用高压油管与燃油 轨相连，由电磁阀控制喷油器向汽缸内喷射。 Continuous trap oxidizer 连续捕集式氧化器：一种用于降低柴油机微粒排 放物的装置，捕集排气中的微粒通过氧化作用连 续地燃烧掉这些微粒。
汽车小修：用更换或修理个别零件的方法，保证 或恢复汽车工作能力的运行性修理。