定语从句笔记.doc
初中定语从句笔记
初中定语从句笔记定语从句是英语中的一个重要语法结构，它可以用来修饰名词、代词或者名词性短语，起到限定或者补充说明的作用。
掌握定语从句的使用方法对于学习英语来说非常关键。
本文将对初中定语从句进行详细笔记，以帮助同学们更好地理解和运用这一语法结构。
一、什么是定语从句定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的一个从句，用来修饰名词、代词或者名词性短语。
定语从句通常在句中位于被修饰词的后面，用来进一步解释和限定这个词的含义。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词包括that, who, whom, whose, which等。
它们分别代表不同的对象，根据被修饰词的不同而选择相应的关系代词。
1. 关系代词that关系代词that可用来修饰人和物，用来引导定语从句时可以省略。
例句1: The boy that is standing over there is my brother.翻译: 那个站在那边的男孩是我的弟弟。
例句2: This is the book that I bought yesterday.翻译: 这是我昨天买的书。
2. 关系代词who/whom关系代词who用来修饰人作为主语，而whom用于修饰人作为宾语。
在现代英语中，whom的使用较少，一般情况下我们都用who代替。
例句1: The girl who is playing the piano is my sister.翻译: 正在弹钢琴的女孩是我的妹妹。
例句2: The boy whom I met yesterday is a famous actor.翻译: 我昨天遇见的男孩是一位著名的演员。
3. 关系代词whose关系代词whose表示所有关系，用来修饰人或物。
相对于汉语中的“的”，它在定语从句中通常出现在被修饰词的后面。
例句1: This is the house whose roof is red.翻译: 这是那座屋顶是红色的房子。
定语从句笔记归纳1
定语从句笔记归纳That专区定语从句中只能使用th at的情况1.当先行词为a nythi ng，everyt hing，nothin g等不定代词时，只能使用“that”。
例：Is thereanythi ng that I can do for you?我能给你做点什么吗?2.当先行词为a ll，any，much，many词时，只能使用“that”。
例：Tom told her mother all that had happen ed.汤姆把事情的全部情况告诉了他的妈妈。
3.当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时，只能使用“that”。
例：This is the most wonder ful time that I have ever had.这是我度过的最美好的时光。
4.当先行词是序数词修饰时，只能使用“that”。
例：He was the firstperson that passed the exam.他是第一个通过考试的人。
5.先行词被th e only，the very，the same，the last修饰时，只能使用“that”。
例：This will be the last chance that he can get.这将会是他得到的唯一机会。
6.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能使用“that”。
例：They talked of things and person s that they rememb eredin the school.他们谈论他们记得的有关学校的事和人。
7.当主句是以w ho，which开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是who时，只能使用“that”。
例：Whichis the book that he bought from the librar y yester day?哪本是你们昨天从图书馆借的书？不能用tha t1.非限定性定语从句不能用t hat2.当先行词是不定代词且明显指人时例子：anyone who ———————————————————————————————————————Who专区只能用who1.当先行词是不定代词且明显指人时例子：anyone who ———————————————————————————————————————Which专区1.用于非限定性例子：The sun heatsthe earth， whichis very import ant to us.2.在“介词＋关系代词”结构中，关系代词必须用whic h。
定语从句笔记归纳1
定语从句笔记归纳1一、定义定语从句是一种与主句形成逻辑上的完整意义的从句，它的功能是修饰主句中的某一名词、代词或其他形式。
它以关系副词（关系代词）或关系介词开头，然后接一完整的从句。
二、种类1、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词有 who, whom, which, that 和 whose 五种，分别引导三类定语从句：人称定语从句、物主定语从句和指示定语从句等。
（1）人称定语从句从句中的关系代词 who 或 whose 用于指人，引导定语从句时可替换主句中的名词或代词；whom 用于宾格；由 whose 引导的定语从句，可修饰名词或代词，一般与 of which 等省略句等形式媲美；由 which, that 和 what 等引导的定语从句，可指示主句中的人或物。
在疑问句中使用 that 引导的定语从句，一般是陈述句的意思。
关系介词主要有 in which, at which, on which, to which, from which, with which, by which 等，这些介词后加完整的从句形成关系介词短语，作主句中名词或代词的定语，可改变其后加从句时只有在定语从句中才能正确表达的意思。
三、特殊状况（1）当主句含有几个并列的定语时，如果定语从句修饰的名词是前面的几个定语的总称，仍然用 which 引导定语从句；（2）在强调句中，定语从句修饰的名词大多用 that 引导；（4）在并列连词或关系副词前，非限定性定语从句用 which 引导，限定性定语从句则用 that 引导；（5）在分词引导的定语从句中，分词前一般有关系副词，定语从句中可以有一个所修饰的名词，也可以没有；（6）不定式引导的定语从句由to do 引导，定语从句修饰的名词放在不定式前。
定语从句笔记
• 无逗号即限,有逗号非限 • 关系所用词 （who;whom;whose;which;that）
随着先行变 (先行：即被从句修饰的指人或物的 词是先行词 )
• 限定先(行)指人 who; whom要当先, that紧跟前 eg: We know the students (who/that are very naughty in our school).
as we all know; as we expected as everyone knows, as everyone can see as is known to all; 特殊： 限制性定从中先行词被so, such 修饰，关代用as
定语从句特殊用法归纳
as引导的非限制性定语从句 1) 位置灵活，可以置于主句的句首、句中或句末； 2) 先行词不可是一个词，必须是整个主句或主句的部
eg:The doctor (who/whom/that)we are talking about can speak French.
eg:The person (whom/who) I spoke to just now is our teacher 。
若前有介词 只许which;whom接，并且不省略。 eg:The teacher for whom you are waiting is coming. eg: This is the book to which I referred in my talk.
非限先(行)指人 who;whom两可兼， that滚一边 eg:His father , whom he loved dearly , died last year. eg:He has a sister , who works in Shanghai is called Liping.
定语从句笔记
定语从句笔记一、定义定语从句是在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where，when，why等。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去。
非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。
四、关系代词的用法●that既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。
在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。
例如：Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。
（that作主语）The coat （that）I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。
（that作宾语）●which用于指物，在句中作主语、宾语或表语。
作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。
例如：The building which stands near the train station is our school.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是我们的学校。
（作主语）The film （which）we saw last night was wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。
（作宾语）●who，whom用于指人，who是主格，在定语从句中作主语，whom是宾格，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。
例如：The teacher who is talking with my father is Mr Wang.正在和我爸爸谈话的那位老师是王老师。
定语从句专项笔记总结
定语从句专项笔记总结定语从句专项笔记总结定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰名词或代词的从句，是一种形容词性的从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
1．关系代词：who whom whose which that关系代词引导从句，代替先行词，在从句中充当一个成分，如：主语、宾语、定语等，所以在作主语时，动词的数要和先行词的数保持一致。
who----可作主语、宾语，作主语时，只能用who, who作宾语时是非正式This is the man who helped me.whom---作宾语（正式用法），在介词后只能用whom人 This is the man whom I met in the street yesterday. (正式用法)This is the man who I met in the street yesterday. (非正式用法)whose-who的属格形式，用来指人，也可以用来指物that--- 可代替who ,whomWhich----可作主语，宾语物 eg. The watch which was lost has been found.eg. The fish (which) we bought were not freshthat-------可作主语，宾语eg. The letter that I receive was from my father.当关系代词充当介词宾语时，可以把介词提前，也可以不提前，但是在含有介词的动词固定搭配中，介词只能放在原来的位置eg. This is the teacher whom he worked with .This is the teacher with whom he worked .eg. This is the book for which you asked.This is the book which you asked for.eg. This is the pen which he has been looking for. (look for词组中for不能提前)先行词是人时，常用who而不用that 的情况：a. 关系代词在从句中作主语时，多用who，eg. I will pardon him who is honest.b. 先行词为 all one ones anyone those 等时，eg. All who heard the news were excited.c. 在以there be 开头的句子中，eg. There is a girl who wants to see you.d. 当先行词后有较长的修饰语时，eg. He met a boy in the street yesterday who could speak English fluently.先行词指物的特殊情况：1．必须用that的情况：a. 先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级修饰时，eg. This is the first job that I have taken up.This is the most interesting novel that I have ever read.b. 先行词是不定代词,something somebody nothing anything 等或是 all little much 时，eg. There is something that I want to tell you.c. 先行词被all any every each few little no some much only none both either neither 等修饰时，eg. I have read all the books that you lent me.d. 先行词被the only, the last, the very…修饰时,eg. This is the only method we can use.e. 先行词又有人又有物时，eg. They talked about things and persons that they know in the school.f. 主句以who 或which开头时，eg. Who is the old man that speak to you just now ?g. 先行词指物时，且在There be 句型引导的定语从句中，eg. There is a house that has three windows.h. 关系代词作表语时，eg. China is no longer the place that it used to be.2. 必须用which 的情况：a. 个非限制性定语从句，b. 句子末尾的介词提前时，只能用which,c. 关系代词后有插入语时,eg. This is the book which, as I have told you, will help you to improve your English.（这就是我跟你说过的，能帮你学好英语的那本书。
英语定语从句知识点总结笔记
英语定语从句知识点总结笔记定语从句是英语中的一个重要语法结构,用来修饰名词或代词,表示一个名词或代词的性质、特征、状态或情况。
下面是英语定语从句知识点的总结笔记:1. 定语从句的位置:定语从句通常放在被修饰词的后面,而且定语从句和被修饰词之间用冒号或连接词隔开。
2. 定语从句的类型:有两种定语从句:关系代词定语从句和关系副词定语从句。
关系代词定语从句用来修饰名词,而关系副词定语从句用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。
3. 定语从句的规则:定语从句有两个基本规则:a. 用来描述名词或代词:定语从句只能用来描述名词或代词,不能用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。
b. 位置规则:定语从句应该放在被修饰词的后面,而且定语从句和被修饰词之间用冒号或连接词隔开。
4. 关系代词的用法:关系代词用来替代名词或代词,例如:a. her:代替名词“她”。
b. him:代替名词“他”。
c. us:代替名词“我们”。
5. 关系副词的用法:关系副词用来修饰动词、形容词或副词,例如:a. because:因为。
b. however:然而。
c. even:即使。
d. never:从来不。
6. 举例说明:例如:a. The book that you have been reading is very interesting.(你所读的那本书非常有趣。
)b. The man who I met in the store is my friend.(我在商店遇到的那个男人是我朋友。
)c. The car that you drive is a beautiful one.(你驾驶的那辆车非常漂亮。
)以上是英语定语从句知识点的总结笔记,希望对你有所帮助。
定语从句笔记归纳1
定语从句笔记归纳11.关系代词that指人/物，作主语时不可省，作宾语一般可省which指物，作主语不可省，作宾语一般可省who指人，作主语；口语中有时也作宾语，作宾语一般可省whom指人，做宾语，一般可省whose指人（sb's）/物（sth's）（多指人，指物时可与of which互换），作定语as指人/物，作主语或宾语2.用that而不用which的情况❶先行词既有人又有物❷主句是which或who开头的特殊疑问句e.g.Which of the books that had pictures was worth reading?❸先行词是序数词或最高级（或前面有序数词/最高级修饰时）❹先行词有every，each，no，some，the only，the very，the last，the same修饰❺先行词是all，much，few，little，any，none，the one（共同点：有“唯一”或“全部”的概念，以致不可选择），something，everything，anything，nothing等不定代词或被这些词修饰时e.g.Tell me everything that you know.❻先行词在主句中作表语，且关系代词在从句中也做表语（此时句子一般有类比的含义）e.g.Our school is no longer the place that it used to be.3.用which而不用that的情况❶非限制性定语从句❷关系代词前有介词时一般用which❸先行词为that或thosee.g.What's that which flashed in the sky just now?❹限制性定语从句中，若有两个定语从句，一句用that，另一句宜用whiche.g.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open.4.用who而不用that的情况❶先行词为指人的不定代词，如one，ones，anyone，no one，nobody，anybody，none，all❷there be结构中先行词指人❸先行词为people或those❹一个句子中有两个定语从句，且先行词都指人，一个用that，另一个宜用who注：who可以引导非限制性定语从句5.主谓一致❶关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词单复数根据先行词而定（如those who are...）❷one of + 限定词 + 名词复数 + 定语从句（谓语动词用复数）e.g.She's one of my best friends that are studying here.❸the only/the very/the right one of + 限定词 + 名词复数 + 定语从句（谓语动词用单数）6.as若用于such... as...，the same... as...等结构中，不可省（先行词被the same修饰时也可用that，但that表示同一事物）e.g.Such books as I have read are classical works.（我所读过的书都是经典著作）e.g.This is the same pen that I lost yesterday.（这正是我昨天丢的那支钢笔（同一个））e.g.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.（这支钢笔和我昨天丢的那支一样（同一类））若引导非限制性定语从句代替整个主句，该从句可放在主句前、主句后或主句中间（which引导非限制性定语从句修饰整个主句时只能位于主句后，可译为“这一点”）。
定语从句的笔记
定语从句的笔记提起定语从句，我就想起了那段被它“折磨”又“征服”的日子。
那可真是一段让人又爱又恨的学习经历啊！还记得刚开始接触定语从句的时候，我整个人都是懵的。
老师在讲台上讲得眉飞色舞，我在下面听得云里雾里。
什么先行词、关系词，一堆陌生的概念一股脑地涌过来，把我的脑袋搅成了一团浆糊。
为了搞清楚这个让人头疼的定语从句，我决定好好做笔记。
那时候，我的笔记本简直成了我的“战斗武器”。
我在上面密密麻麻地写满了各种例句、解释和自己的理解。
比如说，“The man who is standing there is my father.”在这个句子里，“who is standing there”就是定语从句，用来修饰先行词“the man”。
我就在笔记上详细地分析：先行词“the man”是个人，所以关系词用“who”，然后“is standing there”描述了这个人的状态。
还有像“The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.” 这里先行词“the book”是物，所以关系词用“which”，“I bought yesterday”说明了这本书是我昨天买的。
我当时就在想，这定语从句就像是给先行词穿上了一件详细的描述外套，让它变得更加具体生动。
做笔记的时候，我可认真了。
每一个例句我都要反复琢磨好几遍，生怕自己理解错了。
有时候为了搞清楚一个复杂的句子，我会在笔记旁边画上各种小图案来帮助自己记忆。
比如画个小人代表先行词，再画些箭头和波浪线表示关系词和从句的作用。
有一次，我遇到了一个超级复杂的定语从句：“The house whose roof was damaged in the storm has now been repair ed.” 我盯着这个句子看了好久，心里一直在嘀咕：“这到底是个啥呀？” 于是，我开始在笔记上一步一步地拆解。
先找出先行词“the house”，然后分析关系词“whose”，它在这儿表示所属关系，“roof was damaged in the storm”描述的是房子的屋顶在暴风雨中受损的情况。
英语定语从句知识点总结笔记
英语定语从句知识点总结笔记英语定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要概念，用于修饰名词或代词。
以下是关于英语定语从句的知识点总结笔记：1. 定语从句的定义：定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句，它提供额外的信息来描述或限制先行词的意义。
2. 关系词：定语从句中常用的关系词有：that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where等。
3. 关系词的用法：●that: 用来引导限定性定语从句，修饰人或物。
●which: 用来引导非限定性定语从句，修饰事物。
●who/whom: 用来引导限定性或非限定性定语从句，修饰人。
●whose: 用来引导限定性或非限定性定语从句，修饰所有格。
●when: 用来引导时间定语从句。
●where: 用来引导地点定语从句。
4. 关系词的省略：当关系词在从句中作宾语且在从句中有明确的先行词时，关系词可以被省略。
5. 限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句：●限定性定语从句是对先行词进行必要的限制和修饰，如果去掉定语从句，整个句子的意思会有所改变。
●非限定性定语从句是对先行词进行附加的说明或补充，如果去掉定语从句，整个句子的意思仍然完整。
6. 先行词的位置：定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后。
7. 关系副词的用法：when, where和why可以引导时间、地点和原因定语从句。
8. 注意点：●在定语从句中，人用who/whom，物用which/that。
●当关系词修饰整个主句时，用which，而不用that。
●在非限定性定语从句中，关系词前要有逗号。
以上是关于英语定语从句的一些基本知识点总结。
掌握这些知识点，可以帮助你正确理解和运用定语从句，使你的英语表达更加准确和流畅。
定语从句笔记汇总
定语从句1.概述：在复合句中修饰某一名词和代词的从句叫定语从句。
被修饰的名词和代词叫先行词，通常位于定语从句之前。
引导定于从句的是关系代词that , which , who(whom,whose )和关系副词when, where, why .关系代词和关系副词位于先行词和定语从句之间，它即起连接作用，又充当从句的一个成分，含定语从句的的复合句基本结构为：先行词+关系词+定语从句。
2.种类：定语从句分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，限制性定语从句是句子不可缺少的组成部分，如果没有从句先行词的意义就不明确或不完整，主句也不完整。
非限制性定语从句是主句先行词的补充说明，没有从句不影响主句意思的明确和完整，这种从句用逗号与主句分开，引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词用which ,who ,不用that。
而限制性定语从句的引导词是who , whom ,whose , that ,which , where, when, why 等。
我们这里要讲的是限制性定语从句。
3. 引导词（1）who引导的定语从句：修饰表示人的先行词，在从句中作主语或宾语，作动词宾语时用whom，而且常被省略，在口语中常用who 代替whom。
This is the English teacher who teaches my son . the man who/whom I saw just now is Mr Hu.(2) which 引导的定语从句：修饰表示事物的先行词，在句中充当主语宾语表语。
He is reading a book which is about war . he is reading a book which he bought from London .注意：which与介词搭配使用，介词可放在which之前，若是固定词组一般不可拆开。
The house in which Lu Xun once lived is now is Lu Xun Museum .This is the magazine which you are looking for .(3)that 引导的定语从句：一般情况下，that可以指人或物，可以代替who, whom ,which 在句子中做主语或谓语动词的宾语。
定语从句笔记整理
定语从句一、关系代词1. that既可指人又可指物,在从句中作主语宾语2.which 只指物,在从句中作主语或宾语.3.who/whom 只指人,who在从句中作主语或宾语,而whom只作宾语.4.whose是代词的所有格,既可代人也可代物Eg 1.The letter that/which I received was from my father.2.The doctor whom /who /that you are looking for is in the room.3.Do you know the man whose name is Wang Y u.4.The book whose cover is red is my English book.注：一、关系代词指物时只用that不用which的情况1.先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything , little , much 等不定代词时.Eg Tell me everything that you know2.先行词被very , both , the only , all , no , every , any , little , much , some修饰时. Eg This is the only book that I have.3.先行词被形容词最高级修饰时Eg This is the most beautiful city that I have visited.4.先行词被序数词修饰时Eg This is the last lesson that we have this term.5.先行词既包括人又包括物Eg They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.6.主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时Eg Which is the coat that you like best?Who is the man that was talking to you?7. that 常用作表语Eg China is not the country that it used to be.He is not that man that he was.8.有两个定从，其中一个已用which另一个用that.Eg Edison build a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.二、适宜用which的情况1.在从句中作介词的宾语,当介词提前时,只用which,代词在句尾时两者皆可. Eg He found that which he had been looking forThis is the question that/which we have had so much discussion about.This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion.The chair (which/that) she is sitting on is made of wood.The chair on which she issitting is made of wood.2.在非限定性定语从句中必用which不能用thatThey have invited me to visit their country, which is very kind of them.I said nothing,which made him angry.三、下列情况中多用whoEg One who has nothing to fear dares to tell the truth.Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.Anyone who fails to finish the task should be criticized.There is an old man who wants to see you.The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies veryhard.二、关系副词1、whereEg 1、This is the school. I used to teach at the school.This is the school where/at which I used to teach.2、What’s the name of the town? We stayed in the town last night.What’s the name of the town where / in which we stayed last night?3、This is the house where I was born.This is the house which/that I was born in.This is the house in which I was born.2、whenEg 1、Tell me the time. The train leaves at that time.Tell me the time when / at which the train leaves.2、July is coming soon. We can go home for a rest in July.July, when / in which we can go home for a rest, is coming soon.3、I’ll never forget the day. I reached the top of Mount Tai on that day.I’ll never forget the day when / on which I reached top of Mount Tai.4、Y ou will have some spare time. Y ou can learn French at home during this time.Y ou will have some spare time when / during which you can learn French at home.3、whyEg I don’t know the reason. He left here for the reason.I don’t know the reason why/ for which he left here.注: The reason why he was late was that her child was ill in hospital.The reason which she gave me was that her child was ill in hospital.4、由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句。
九年级定语从句知识点笔记
九年级定语从句知识点笔记九年级定语从句知识点笔记：定语从句基本结构及分类1、关系代词which;that;which;whose;whoever;whoever2、关系副词which;that;which;whose;whoever;whoever2、关系副词which;that;which;whose;whoever;whoever3、关系连词。
其中，连词which和that常用于非限制性定语从句中，而连词which用于限制性定语从句中， that用于限制性定语从句中， whether用于非限制性定语从句中， whoever用于限制性定语从句中。
但是，连词neither和nor都只能与一个句子成分连用。
用来连接两个主语，分别表示两者之间的关系。
1、which;that;Which;whoever用于非限制性定语从句中2、neither;nor;neither;nor;both用于非限制性定语从句中。
当两个分句共同作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。
3、关系连词。
其中，连词which用于非限制性定语从句中，连词that用于限制性定语从句中，而连词which用于限制性定语从句中， that用于限制性定语从句中。
但是，连词neither和nor都只能与一个句子成分连用。
当两个分句共同作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。
定语从句可以有非限制性定语，也可以有限制性定语，这要根据情况而定，非限制性定语从句没有时态、人称、数等变化，限制性定语从句则有时态、人称、数等变化。
限制性定语从句有3种：状语从句、宾语从句、表语从句。
状语从句只有时态、人称、数等变化，宾语从句和表语从句在语义上有不同，前者表示人或事物所处的地位或与人或事物的关系，后者则表示人或事物的性质或状态。
对于状语从句，我们要弄清时态，注意从句与主句的关系，对于宾语从句，要注意连接词、介词的搭配使用。
对于表语从句，要看句子中缺少的成分，若缺少主语，则表语从句缺少主语，若缺少谓语，则表语从句缺少谓语。
定语从句课堂笔记,归纳
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高三定语从句知识点笔记
1.当定语从句中的主语与先行词相同时，可以将关系代词who/which/that省略。
-正：The boy who is playing basketball is my brother.
→ The boy playing basketball is my brother.
2.当定语从句中的关ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้代词在从句中作宾语时，可以将关系代词who/which/that省略。
以上就是关于高三定语从句的一些知识点的笔记，希望对你有所帮助。祝你考试顺利！
-正：The book which/that I am reading is very interesting.
→ The book I am reading is very interesting.
六、定语从句和定语从句修饰的名词之间的关系
1.先行词和定语从句的关系可以是主动关系、被动关系、所属关系等。
4. whose：
-可以用来修饰人或物，表示所属关系。
-一般用来引导定语从句，修饰名词。
三、定语从句的引导词选择
1.先行词是人时，使用who或that。
-正：The girl who is singing is my friend.
-正：The girl that is singing is my friend.
-错：The girl which is singing is my friend.
2.先行词是物时，使用which或that。
-正：The book which/that is on the table is mine.
-错：The book who/whom is on the table is mine.
定语从句笔记整理
定语从句是英语中一种重要的句型，它用来修饰名词或代词，通常放在被修饰的词后面。
下面是定语从句的笔记整理：1. 定义定语从句是一个包含主语和谓语的句子，用来修饰一个名词或代词，从而限定其范围或补充说明其特征。
例如：The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.（我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。
）2. 引导词定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导，包括that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where等。
例如：The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister.（穿着红色裙子的女孩是我妹妹。
）3. 关系代词的使用关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，根据其在从句中所起的作用来选择使用。
例如：The man who is standing there is my father.（站在那里的男人是我的父亲。
）4. 关系副词的使用关系副词在定语从句中作状语，表示时间、地点或原因等。
常用的关系副词有when, where, why等。
例如：This is the house where I was born.（这是我出生的房子。
）5. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是对先行词进行限定和说明的从句，如果去掉该从句，原句的意思就会不完整或不清楚。
非限制性定语从句则是对先行词进行补充说明的从句，如果去掉该从句，原句的意思仍然清楚。
例如：My brother, who is a doctor, lives in New York.（我的兄弟是一名医生，他住在纽约。
）（限制性定语从句）My brother lives in New York, where he works as a doctor.（我的兄弟住在纽约，在那里他当一名医生。
）（非限制性定语从句）。
英语定语从句知识点笔记
英语定语从句知识点笔记英语中，定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句。
在定语从句中，有一个引导词，一般是关系代词（who, whom, whose, that, which）或关系副词（when, where, why）。
1.关系代词的用法：a.who用来指人，作主语或宾语，代替先行词为人的名词。
b.whom用来指人，作宾语，代替先行词为人的名词。
c.whose用来指人或物，表示所属关系，通常用来修饰物或人的名词。
d.that用来指人或物，作主语或宾语，代替先行词为人或物的名词。
e.which用来指物，作主语或宾语，代替先行词为物的名词。
2.关系副词的用法：a.when用来指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
b.where用来指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
c.why用来指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。
3.定语从句的基本结构：定语从句的基本结构是先行词+关系词+从句。
例如：The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting. (我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。
)My sister, who is a doctor, lives in London. (我的姐姐是一名医生，住在伦敦。
)4.定语从句的位置：定语从句可以放在先行词的前面或后面，但是要注意先行词和定语从句之间的语法关系。
例如：The girl who is standing over there is my sister. (站在那边的女孩是我的妹妹。
)The house, which was built in 1900, has a lot of history. (那座建于1900年的房子有很多历史。
)5.定语从句的省略：如果定语从句中的主语和先行词中的主语相同，那么在定语从句中可以省略关系代词。
例如：The boy (who) I met yesterday is very nice. (我昨天遇到的那个男孩非常好。
定语从句考点笔记整理
注意：不能用that： 1. 逗号后不用 2. 介词后which 可以放在逗号后, 指前面的一句话.as “正如”固定搭配：As is known to all, as is the case, as often happens, as the saying goes,..so....as...., such... as..., the same .... as...领先行词是the way, 定语从句可以有三种表达方式：__________________________________________________________________________________Where 可以暗示模糊的地址, 先行词往往是：point, meeting, situation, stage, position 等解题技巧：一划从句, 二把先行词带入从句介词+关系词 which（指物）/ whom (指人）(填入合适的介词）1.The friend _________ whom he writes is from the UK.2 .The man __________ whom you told me yesterday wasa thief.3. The dog __________ which she used to play is gonenow.4. Da Runfa shopping mall is the place __________ which I often do some shopping.5.Yesterday we had a meeting ___________which wediscussed many problems.6. Daniel’s parents went on vacation ___________which their dog was ill.7. I don’t have enough money _________ which I canbuy a large house.8.Water _________which man can’t live is reallyimportant.如何选择恰当的介词？1._______________________2.______________________________3.________________________练习：1.Do you remember the day _____ _____ we left Beijing?2. Do you remember the day ________ we left Beijing?3. Do you want to buy the house ____ ____the rich once lived ?4. I dream to live in a place_____ I can plant manyflowers.5. I won’t listen to the reason _____ ______ you didn’t do your homework.6. I want to know _____ the house is so dirty.思考题（比力相似句子, 思考空格处的句子成份）1. Chinese people won’t forget the day________________ Shenzhou V was launched.2. I missed the time___________ I spent with my best friend.3. The factory _____________Mr. Wang visited yesterday isa shoe one.4. The factory ______________Mr. Wang works is a shoe one.5. The reason __________she told a lie is unknown.6. The reason ___________ he told to the public is not true.1 . Do you remember that happy day ____we spent in Tian Mu lake?A. whereB. in whichC. in thatD. which2 Do you remember that exciting day ____Jay Zhou came to sing in Tian Mu lake?A. whenB. in whichC. thatD. Which3. Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, _____ made one of the Chinese people’s long-held dreams come true.A. itB. thatC. whatD. which4. The air quality in the city, __ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.A. thatB. itC. asD. what5. By 16:30, _____ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.A. whichB. whenC. whatD. that6. It is the third time that she has won the race, _____ has surprised us all.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. what7. Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from ______ you received gifts?A. whichB. themC. thatD. whom8. Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _____, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.A. whichB. whoC. whereD. whom9. Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, ___, of course, make others upset.A. whoB. whichC. whatD. that10. Gone are the days ___ physical strength was all youneeded to make a living.A. whenB. thatC. whereD. which11. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _____ had taken more than three years.A. for whichB. with whichC. ofwhich D. to which12. A bank is the place ______ they lend you an umbrellain fair weather and ask for it back when it begins torain.A. whenB. thatC.where D. there12. Between the two parts of the concert is an interval,_______ the audience can buy ice-cream.A. whenB. whereC. thatD. Which13. Today, we’ll discuss some cases _________beginnersof English fail to use the language properly.A. whichB. asC. whyD. where14. I have reached a point in my life _______I amsupposed to make decisions of my own.A. whichB. whereC. howD. why15. Life is like a race _____we compete with others to gobeyond ourselves.A. whyB. whatC. thatD. where16. Our partnership with France Telecom(电信公司) isreally a win-win situation ______both sides benefit agreat deal.。
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学习必备定语从句Part 1 定语从句定义及概述什么是定语从句？(1)定语从句：在复合句中作定语修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
(2)先行词：被定语从句修饰的词，叫做先行词。
(3)关系词：分为关系代词和关系副词，在从句中担当一定成分。
Eg.I will never forget the girl（先行词）that（关系词） I met yesterday in the street（定语从句） . ※定语从句两个必须 :★先行词在从句中必须作一个成分；★先行词所作的成分必须空缺。
Part 2 关系代词引导的定语从句项目关系词先行词所指关系词在从句中的作用关系词thatwhichwho关系代词whomwhoseas1.关系代词 that 的用法用法：既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常_______。
1)This is the factory that produces cars.作(_____,指物 )2)The girl that spoke to me just now is my classmate.作( ______,指人 )3)The film (that) we saw yesterday is interesting. 作(______，指物 )※关系代词 that 的特权和禁区1.特权：行使特权的条件：（1）限定性定语从句（即从句前无逗号）；（2）介词没有提前。
2.禁区：有两种情况下，关系代词不会用that,指物时用 which；指人时用 who/whom。
（1）___________________（即从句前有逗号）；（2）_________提前时。
2.关系代词 which 的用法用法：指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。
1)China is a country which has a long history.作(主语 )※只用 that 不用 which 的情况：欢迎下载(1)______________________________This is the best book that I have ever read.(2)________________________________The first book that I bought was about how to learn English.(3)先行词是 _________________等不定代词或由 some, any, every, no等词构成的复合代词时）I did all that I could do at that time.There was little that the doctor could do for the patient.(4)当先行词被 ______________________修饰时。
The only thing that he can do is to say sorry to her.(5)先行词 ____________________Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?(6)主句已有疑问词 ________/_________时。
Which is the book that you like?Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?(7)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系词在从句中也作表语时。
He is no longer the man that he was ten years ago.※只用 which 不用 that 引导定语从句的情况：(1)当关系代词前有 _______时。
A desert is a great plain in which nothing will grow.(2)引导 ________________________时。
The students was late for class 7 times a week, which made her teacher mad.(3)一个句子中有两个定语从句时，为避免重复，一个用that，另一个宜用 _________。
(4)当先行词本身是that 时。
That which I had known about made them surprised.3.关系代词 who 的用法用法：指人，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。
1)I know the man who spoke to you just now.(作主语 )2)She is not the girl who she was.作(表语 )先行词是人时，常用who 而不用 that 的情况：a. 关系代词在从句中作主语时，多用who，eg. I will pardon him who is honest.b. 先行词为等时，eg. All who heard the news were excited.c.在以 there be 开头的句子中，eg. There is a girl who wants to see you.d.当先行词后有较长的修饰语时，eg. He met a boy in the street yesterday who could speak English fluently.4.关系代词 whom 的用法用法：指人，who 的宾格，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略，在口语中可用 who 或 that 代替。
Here is the man (whom/who) you are looking for.I have a friend who likes listening to classical music.Is that the man with whom you arrived yesterday?5.关系代词 whose的用法用法：可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。
1)This is the scientist whosename is known all over the world.(指人 )2)The room whose windows face the east is mine. 指(物）Whose +n.= ___________________________= ______________________________6.关系代词 as 的用法用法：既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
它常用在 the same as ,such as ,as as 等句型中 ,as 不能省略。
1)Such teachers as know Tom think him bright.( 指人，作主语 )2)I’ll buy the same dictionary as you have.(指物，作宾语 )※关系代词 as 的选择(1)当先行词中有 _______________等修饰语时；如：Never promise such things as you can’tachieve.This is so good a movie __as__we all wish to see.(2)当________________置于句首时；如：As is known to all, the earth travels around the sun once every year.As we had expected, the students who had cheated in the exams were punished.(3)当先行词中有 the same 修饰时，有时用 that 也有时用 as 来引导定语从句。
二者意思稍有不同。
如：This is the same shirt as I wore yesterday. _______________________________This is the same shirt that I wore yesterday._________________________________※关系代词的省略有两个条件： (1)限定性定语从句；(2)作宾语或表语。
E.g. Women _______ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ________ don’t. （2006 北京高考）A. who ; 不填B. 不填 ; whoC. who ; whoD. 不填 ; 不填Part 3 关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词先行词所指在句中所作成分Whenwherewhy※特别提醒： when, where 既能引导限定性定语从句，也能引导非限定性定语从句，而why 通常引导限定性定语从句。
如：That is the day when he got married.That is the time when all of us lived together as a family.That is the factory where I used to work.That is the reason why he was fired.(1)表示时间的先行词除了 time 之外，还有： day, morning, afternoon, evening, night, week, month, year 等；(2)表示地点的先行词除了 place 之外，还可以是 desk, table, spot, room, house, school, stree town, country 等,还有表示抽象意义的地点名词： _________________________________ (3)表示原因的先行词一般只有 ____________一个。
1.关系副词使用的几种变化1)关系副词通常也可以用“that+介词后置”代替或省略；2_在正式文体中，也可以使用“介词+which ”的结构。
That is the river that I used to swim in. (that +介词后置 ) That is the river I used to swim in. (省略 )That is the river in which I used to swim. (介词 +which)归纳： where/when = _______ + __________; why = ______ + __________2.介词 +which 结构中的介词选择问题1)介词与 _______________之间的搭配关系；I still remember the time when (at which) I first became a high school student.There are several areas in the city where (in which) you can buy clothes in fashion.2)介词与 ________________的搭配关系。