(简单处理)环境工程专业英语(第二版)

acid rain 酸雨pollution 污染interaction of systems 系统的交互作用environmental problem 环境问题environmental disturbance 环境破坏biotic habitat 生物环境sulfur dioxide 二氧化硫nitrogen oxide 氧化氮carbon dioxide 二氧化碳automobile exhaust 汽车尾气infectious diseases 有传染性的疾病primary air pollutant 一次大气污染物secondary air pollutant 二次大气污染物monoxide 一氧化物dioxide 二氧化物trioxide 三氧化物carbon monoxide 一氧化碳carbon dioxide 二氧化碳sulfur dioxide 二氧化硫sulfur trioxide 三氧化硫nitrous oxide 一氧化二氮nitric oxide 一氧化氮contaminant 污染物strength 强度foreign matter 杂质domestic sewage 生活污水municipal wastewater 城市废水microbe 微生物bacteria 细菌microorganism 微生物total solids 总固体inorganic constituents 无机要素suspended solids (SS)固体悬浮物recontamination 再污染contamination 污染groundwater 地下水surface water 地表水colloid 胶体restriction 限制screening 隔栅coagulation 凝聚flocculation 絮凝sedimentation 沉淀filtration 过滤disinfection 消毒microbial degradation 微生物降解biological degradation 生化降解biofilm process 生物膜法activated sludge process 活性污泥法attached-growth 吸着生长suspended-growth 悬浮生长shock loading 冲击负荷organic loading 有机负荷mixed liquor suspended solids 混合液悬浮固体metabolize 使代谢化metabolism 新陈代谢dissolved oxygen 溶解氧agricultural 农业的solid waste 固体废物municipal 城市化hazardous 危险的industrial 工业的residential 住宅的waterborne diseases 水传染的疾病agrarian society 农业社会industrial society 工业社会industrial revolution产业革命urbanization 城市化industrialization 工业化developed country 发达国家developing country 发展中国家undeveloped country 落后国家nitrogen dioxide 二氧化氮carbon oxides 碳氮化物sulfur oxides 硫氧化物nitrogen oxides 氮氧化物hydrocarbons 碳氢化合物photochemical oxidants 光化学氧化物particulates 颗粒物inorganic compound 无机化合物organic compound 有机化合物radioactive substance 放射性物质heat 热noise 噪声volatile suspended solids (VSS)挥发性悬浮固体颗粒organic matter 有机物质total organic carbon, TOC 总有机碳chemical oxygen demand, COD 化学需氧量biochemical oxygen demand, BOD 生化需氧量biodegradable 可微生物分解的chlorination 氯化消毒ozonation 臭氧消毒softening 软化adsorption 吸附desalination 脱盐处理预加氯prechlorination 预加aeration 曝气activated carbon 活性炭reverse osmosis 反渗透pretreatment process 预处理工艺primary clarifier 初沉池equalization basin 均质池biological treatment process 生物处理工艺aeration basin 曝气池secondary clarifier 二沉池biomass 生物质heterotrophic bacteria 异养菌autotrophic bacteria 自养菌hydraulic retention time (HRT) 水力停留时间sludge residence time (SRT) 污泥停留时间commercial 商业的putrescible 易腐烂的combustible 易燃的flammable 可燃的explosive 易爆的radioactive 放射性的汽车尾气automobile exhaust compaction: 压实，Landfilling 土地填埋incineration: 焚烧composting: 堆肥compaction: 压实，紧凑sanitary landfill 卫生填埋balance 剩下的，余额，结余batch-fed 分批投料refuse 垃圾municipal waste 城市垃圾perform: 执行shut down: 关闭energy recovery 能量回收incomplete combustion 不完全燃烧combustion 燃烧volume reduction 体积缩小anaerobic 厌氧硝化中英互译短语Biological degradation 生化降解equalization basin 调节池aeration basin 曝气池sludge blocs 污泥絮体settling tank 沉淀池dissolved oxygen 溶解氧suspended-growth 悬浮生长pulverized refuse 垃圾破碎biofilm 生物膜well-compacted landfill 压实填埋场nutrient source 营养源mass-burning 大量燃烧fluidized fed incarceration 硫化床燃烧法soil conditioners 土壤改良剂carbon 温室效应greenhouse effect 由CO2 引起的caust by CO2 世界碳预算the world carbon budget 天气自然波动natural fluctuations 全球变暖global warming 厌氧的anaerobic 腐烂Putrefied 甲烷methane 臭氧层ozone layer 气候模型climatic model 正常浓度：normal concentration 严重污染物：heavily polluted 决定因素：determining factor 光化学氧化物：photochemical oxidants 液体微滴：liquid particulates 含硫的：sulfur-containing 放射性物质：radioactiue substance 汽车尾气：automobile exhaust wet oxidation 湿式氧化1、Environment is the physical and biotic habitat which surrounds us; that which we can see, hear, touch, smell, and taste.环境是我们周围的物理和生物环境，我们可以看到、听到、接触到、闻到和品尝到的。

2、Pollution can be defined as an undesirable change in the physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of the air, water, or land that can harmfully affect the health, survival, or activities of humans or other living organisms 污染可以定义为大气、水或者土壤在物理、化学或者生物方面的特征所产生的不愉快的变化，它对人类的健康、生存和活动或者其他的有机体都产生了有害的影响。

3、Two examples of interaction between systems that cause major environmental disturbances are presented-the buildup of atmospheric carbon dioxide, a global problem, and the acid rain problem, normally of regional nature 目前大气中二氧化碳的增多，是一个全球性的问题，还有酸雨问题，一般来说它都具有一定的区域特性，这就是两个关于系统之间的相互联系而产生重大环境问题的例子。

4、With these improvements, however, have come disturbing side effects, such as lost arable land, disappearing forests, environmental pollution, and new organisms resistant to controls.经过这些进步，尽管还是有一些破坏性的影响，例如耕地、森林的消失，环境的污染和新的生物反抗的控制5、Both phenomena, urbanization and industrialization, were and are fundamental causes of water and air pollution which the cities of that time were unable to handle.城市化和工业化两者的现象，是过去和现在水污染和大气污染的根本原因，在过去这些城市是处理不了的6、Rapid advances in technology for the treatment of water and the partial treatment of wastewater took place in the developed countries over the next few decades.在接下来的几十年理发达国家，在水治理和部分废水治理技术方面都取得了快速的进展。