南方医科大学生物化学(专基)(博士)

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南方医科大学生物化学2015年考博真题试卷

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南方医科大学ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
医学考博真题试卷
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
南方医科大学
2015年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：生物化学注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
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一、简答题 1、6-磷酸葡萄糖的来源去路。 2、乙酰CoA的代谢去路。 3、体内有毒氨的来源去路及其中最主要的途径，意义。 4、何为基因工程，基因工程的主要步骤。 5、cAMP-PKA信号转导途径如何在激素释放过程中发挥生物学效应。二、问答题 1、试述tRNA的二级结构组成特点。 2、从合成原料、方式等方面比较复制、转录、翻译的异同。 3、血浆脂蛋白的超速离心分类，化学组成、合成部位、功能。 4、从分子结构、连接方式、功能等比较蛋白质和核酸的异同。

南方医科大学2018年博士研究生复试分数线

专业类型学术型学术型学术型学术型学术型学术型学术型专业型专业型专业型专业型学术型学术型学术型学术型学术型学术型学术型学术型学术型学术型学术型
专业名称外科学（泌尿外）麻醉学外科学（神外）外科学（整形）外科学（骨外）肿瘤学外科学（普外）临床医学（儿科方向）临床医学（神外方向）临床医学（胸外方向）临床医学（肿瘤方向）麻醉学内科学（内分泌与代谢病）内科学（心血管病）神经病学外科学（神外）影像医学与核医学儿科学临床检验诊断学影像医学与核医学肿瘤学外科学（骨外）
英语
业务课
总分
55
60
220
55
60
50
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
55 60
230
二、在职博士复试分数线：英语≥300分（标准分）
业务课总分
50
60
210
分委会第一临床第一临床第一临床第一临床第一临床第一临床第二临床第二临床第二临床第二临床第二临床第二临床第二临床第二临床第二临床第二临床第二临床第三临床第三临床第三临床第三临床第三临床
专业代码 1002 1002 1002 1002 1002 1002 1002 1051 1051 1051 1051 1002 1002 1002 1002 1002 1002 1002 1002 1002 1002 1002
南方医科大学2018年博士研究生复试分数线
一、全日制博士统考生复试分数线分委会基础医学、生物学基础医学、生物学基础医学、生物学基础医学、生物学基础医学、生物学基础医学、生物学基础医学、生物学基础医学、生物学基础医学、生物学药学、化学药学、化学中医、中药学中医、中药学公共卫生公共卫生公共卫生公共卫生公共卫生第一临床第一临床第一临床第一临床第一临床第一临床第一临床第一临床第一临床第一临床第一临床第一临床第一临床第一临床第一临床第一临床第一临床第一临床第一临床第一临床第一临床第一临床第一临床第一临床第一临床第一临床第一临床第一临床专业代码 1001 1002 0710 0710 0710 0710 0710 1001 1002 1007 1007 1006 1008 1004 1004 1004 1004 1004 1051 1051 1051 1051 1051 1051 1051 1051 1051 1051 1051 1051 1051 1051 1051 1002 1002 1002 1002 1002 1002 1002 1002 1002 1002 1002 1002 1002 专业类型学术型学术型学术型学术型学术型学术型学术型学术型学术型学术型学术型学术型学术型学术型学术型学术型学术型学术型专业型专业型专业型专业型专业型专业型专业型专业型专业型专业型专业型专业型专业型专业型专业型学术型学术型学术型学术型学术型学术型学术型学术型学术型学术型学术型学术型学术型专业名称病理学与病理生理学（病理）病理学与病理生理学（病生）发育生物学神经生物学生理学生物化学与分子生物学生物信息学遗传学肿瘤学药理学药物化学中西医结合临床中药学公共卫生政策管理军事预防医学流行病与卫生统计学卫生毒理学营养与食品卫生学临床医学（病理方向）临床医学（传染病方向）临床医学（妇产方向）临床医学（骨外方向）临床医学（呼吸病方向）临床医学（检验方向）临床医学（皮肤病方向）临床医学（普外方向）临床医学（神外方向）临床医学（肾脏病方向）临床医学（消化病方向）临床医学（心血管病方向）临床医学（血液病方向）临床医学（整形方向）临床医学（肿瘤方向）儿科学妇产科学临床检验诊断学内科学（传染病）内科学（内分泌与代谢病）内科学（肾病）内科学（心血管病）内科学（血液病）皮肤病与性病学神经病学眼科学影像医学与核医学外科学（普外）英语

pbl教学法在生物化学课堂中的运用

ＤＯＩ:１０.１９３９２/ｊ.ｃｎｋｉ.１６７１￣７３４１.２０２００６０８３ＰＢＬ教学法在生物化学课堂中的运用王涵多∗㊀蔡翠霞㊀高㊀媛南方医科大学基础医学院㊀广东广州㊀５１０５１５摘㊀要:ＰＢＬ教学法(Ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ￣ＢａｓｅｄＬｅａｒｎｉｎｇꎬ简称ＰＢＬ)在中国高等医学院校推行的时间较短ꎮ基因表达的调控是生物化学和分子生物学教学的重要内容ꎬ也是当今医学发展最快的学科之一ꎬ本文总结该章ＰＢＬ教学法的经验体会ꎬ以期对ＰＢＬ教学在中国高等医学院校的推广提出建设性意见ꎮ关键词:ＰＢＬ教学ꎻ高等医学院校ꎻ探讨中图分类号:Ｇ６４２.４㊀㊀文献标识码:Ａ㊀㊀ＰＢＬ教学法(Ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ￣ＢａｓｅｄＬｅａｒｎｉｎｇꎬ简称ＰＢＬ)[１]是以问题作为引导ꎬ以现实课堂中学生作为中心的教学方法ꎮ简言之ꎬ以老师为辅ꎬ以学生为主ꎻ或者可以说ꎬ以教为辅ꎬ以问为主ꎮ目前ＰＢＬ教学法以其先进的教育理念ꎬ已成为国内㊁外较为流行的教学方法之一ꎬ并广泛应用于众多教学领域ꎮ１ＰＢＬ教学课程的组织与实施１.１教学内容的选择生物化学是生物学的分支学科ꎬ它是一门重要的医学基础课ꎬ该课程的理论和技术已渗透到基础医学和临床医学的各个领域ꎬ从分子水平探讨疾病的发生发展㊁疾病的预防与诊断以及疾病的治疗等ꎮ生物化学不仅概念繁多㊁理论抽象而且内容更新快ꎬ这都使得生物化学成为一门教与学难度都很大的学科ꎮ因此ꎬ如何使这些枯燥的理论知识能够更容易被学生理解和掌握ꎬ提高学生的学习效率ꎬ是每一位老师不断探索的问题ꎮ基因表达调控是分子生物学和分子遗传学研究的一个中心问题ꎬ近几年该部分理论和技术发展迅速ꎬ因此尝试应用ＰＢＬ教学ꎮ１.２分组讨论搜集资料在实施教学前对学生进行ＰＢＬ理论知识和实施流程的培训ꎬ使学生对ＰＢＬ教学法有充分的了解和必要的准备ꎮ在基因表达调控安排的课时前１个月左右ꎬ告知学生学习的主要内容ꎬ将学生分成不同的学习小组ꎬ其中６~７人为１组ꎬ每组选出组长ꎮ学生分组查阅文献ꎬ通过图书馆㊁阅览室和网络等途径查阅资料ꎬ自主学习ꎬ由组长召集小组成员讨论ꎬ有疑难问题和不同意见再次查阅资料ꎬ总结本组意见ꎬ确定讨论的文献ꎬ制作ＰＰＴꎮ１.３课堂讲述基因表达调控的步骤㊁关键点及分组讨论在上课时ꎬ教师用１个学时左右的时间ꎬ简要介绍基因表达的主要过程㊁调控步骤及关键原理转录因子影响转录过程ꎮ各组选出代表对所选文献进行报告ꎬ然后其他小组提问ꎻ先由汇报组学生回答ꎬ如仍有疑问ꎬ老师给予解答ꎻ采取该形式对每组所选的文献进行学习ꎮ最后利用一个学时的时间ꎬ老师对基因表达调控的机理进行总结ꎬ将调控基本理论与研究上的新进展相互结合ꎬ达到从总体到具体ꎬ再回到总体的思维过程ꎬ使学生对基因表达调控既有总体的把握ꎬ又对某些新进展有一定的了解ꎮ两者相辅相成ꎬ提高了学生对基因表达调控理论认识的广度和深度[２]ꎮ２ＰＢＬ教学体会２.１ＰＢＬ教学优点ＰＢＬ教学法强调学习与问题相结合ꎬ把学习者置身于问题之中ꎬ通过学习者的自主探究以及相互合作来解决不断产生的疑问ꎮ首先ꎬ它为学习者营造了一个轻松㊁良好的学习氛围ꎬ使学习者愿意积极主动地畅所欲言ꎬ在充分表达自己观点的同时也可以快速㊁简便地获得讨论组内其他学习者或老师的信息ꎮ其次ꎬ在讨论的过程中ꎬ会不断产生新的问题ꎬ甚至可以把相关学科所涉及的问题联系在一起ꎬ在讨论中加深学习者对正确答案㊁结论㊁理论的理解ꎬ极大促进学习者对知识的综合运用ꎬ也使他们对学习过程的记忆更加深刻ꎮ另外ꎬ它可以锻炼学生多方面的能力ꎬ如文献检索㊁查阅资料ꎬ分析综合㊁演绎归纳ꎬ逻辑推理㊁口头表达和自主学习等ꎬ为其今后学习或工作打下良好基础ꎮ２.２ＰＢＬ教学缺点由于ＰＢＬ教学法更加注重学生的主动学习ꎬ因此需要学生花费大量的课余时间去收集㊁整理和分析材料ꎬ这使得很多学生无法安排更多的时间去学习其他学科ꎬ因而产生消极应付的情绪ꎮ另外ꎬＰＢＬ教学采用学生为主体ꎬ学生大部分时间都放在案例的讨论ꎬ忽略了本学科的基础和重点内容ꎬ导致学生对本学科基础知识掌握不牢ꎬ同时知识缺乏系统性ꎮ由于性格㊁能力和主观能动性的差异ꎬ每位学生对于ＰＢＬ教学效果也有不同的看法ꎮ有些学生在讨论中积极发言ꎬ有些学生很少发言ꎬ甚至形成一部分人讲一部分人听的局面ꎮ３ＰＢＬ教学法应用前景针对ＰＢＬ教学在中国高等医学院校应用中遇到的一些问题ꎬ各院校需要认真总结经验ꎬ进一步加深对ＰＢＬ教学理念的理解ꎮ目前大力提倡ＰＢＬ教学改革并不等于完全否定传统教学方法ꎬ相反引进ＰＢＬ教学法ꎬ不仅有助于发现传统教学方法的不足ꎬ更有助于理解和完善传统教学方法ꎮ每种教学方法都有各自的特点和适用人群ꎬ任何先进的教学法ꎬ如果只是简单的或者僵化的照搬都很难产生预期的效果ꎮ虽然ＰＢＬ模式在医学教育中具有一定的优势ꎬ但是ＰＢＬ教学法全面推广ꎬ目前还存在一定的困难ꎮ相信随着各大院校教学经验的不断积累ꎬ使ＰＢＬ教学法与中国国情和各院校实际情况相结合ꎬ建立适合中国国情的ＰＢＬ教学体系ꎬ使ＰＢＬ教学在中国同样也成为一种主导的教学模式ꎮ参考文献:[１]殷志新ꎬ丁大鹏ꎬ吴捷莉ꎬ等.基于研究的学习在基因表达调控教学中的应用[Ｊ].基础医学教育ꎬ２０１３ꎬ１５(４):３４７￣３４９.[２]胡万钟.ＰＢＬ教学法㊁历史渊源及目前存在的局限[Ｊ].中国高等医学教育ꎬ２０１２ꎬ８:１９￣２０.作者简介:蔡翠霞(１９８５￣)ꎬ女ꎬ汉族ꎬ广东广州人ꎬ博士ꎬ南方医科大学基础医学院实验师ꎬ主要研究方向为生物化学ꎻ高媛(１９８１￣)ꎬ女ꎬ汉族ꎬ广东广州人ꎬ博士ꎬ南方医科大学基础医学院讲师ꎬ主要研究方向为生物化学ꎮ∗通讯作者:王涵多(１９８３￣)ꎬ男ꎬ汉族ꎬ广东广州人ꎬ博士ꎬ南方医科大学基础医学院讲师ꎬ主要研究方向为生物化学和分子生物学ꎮ２９科教论坛科技风２０２０年２月。

1-Toeful语法1-20

1. Remember that the following verbs require an infinitive in the complement.Agree Appear Arrange Ask Claim ConsentDecide Demand Deserve Expect Fail ForgetHesitate Hope Intend Learn Manage MeanNeed Offer Plan Prepare Pretend PromiseRefuse Seem Tend Threaten Wait Want1.He wanted speak with Mr. Brown.1.We demand knowing our status.2.I intend the inform you that we cannot approve yourapplication.1.They didn't plan buying a car.5.The weather tends improving in May.1.One of the least effective ways of storing information islearning _____________ it.How repeatRepeatingTo repeatRepeatOne of the four underlined words or phrases in the following sentence is incorrect. In the space provided, rewrite the sentence correctly.1.Representative democracyseemed evolve simultaneously during the eighteenth andnineteenth centuries in Britain, Europe, and the UnitedStates.2. Remember that the following verbs require an -ing form for a verb in the complement.Admit Appreciate Avoid Complete Consider DelayDeny Discuss Enjoy Finish Keep MentionMiss Postpone Practice Quit Recall RecommendRegret Risk Stop Suggest Tolerate UnderstandReview QuestionsEach sentence is incorrect. In the space provided, rewrite the sentence correctly, using the material learned in this lesson.1.She is considering not to go.1.We enjoyed talk with your friend.1.Hank completed the writing his thesis this summer.1.I miss to watch the news when I am traveling.5.She mentions stop at El Paso in her letter.Multiple choice. Mark the correct answer.1.Strauss finished ____________ two of his publishedcompositions before his tenth birthday.WrittenWriteTo writeWritingOne of the four underlined words or phrases in the following sentence is incorrect. In the space provided, rewrite the sentence correctly.1.Many people have stopped to smoke because they are afraidthat it may be harmful to their health.Grammar Lesson 4 - Verb Phrases that Require an -ing Form in the ComplementRemember that the following verb phrases require an -ing form for a verb in the complement.Approve of Be better off Can't help Count on Do not mindForget about Get through Insist on Keep on Look forward toObject to Think about Think ofAvoid using an infinitive after the verbs phrases listed. Avoid using a verb word after look forward to and object to (refer to Toeful Grammar Lesson 6 for more on verb words) Remember that the verb phrase BE likely does not require an -ing form, but requires an infinitive in the complement.Review QuestionsEach sentence is incorrect. In the space provided, rewrite the sentence correctly, using the material learned in this lesson.1.She is likely knowing.1.Let's go to the movie when you get through to study.1.We can't help to wonder why she left.1.I have been looking forward to meet you.5.We wouldn't mind to wait.Multiple choice. Mark the correct answer.1.Many modern architects insist on ____________ materialsnative to the region that will blend into the surrounding landscape.UseTo useThe useUsingOne of the four underlined words or phrases in the following sentence is incorrect. In the space provided, rewrite the sentence correctly.1.During Jackson's administration, those who did not approveof permit common people in the White House were shocked by the President's insistence that they be invited into the mansion.Grammar Lesson 5 - Irregular Past FormsRemember that past forms of the following irregular verbs are not the same as the participles.Verb Word Past Form Participle Verb Word Past Form Participle Be Was/Were Been Hide Hid HiddenBeat Beat Beaten Know Knew Known Become Became Become Ride Rode RiddenBegin Began Begun Run Ran RunBite Bit Bitten See Saw SeenBlow Blew Blown Shake Shook Shaken Break Broke Broken Show Showed Shown Choose Chose Chosen Shrink Shrank Shrunk Come Came Come Sing Sang SungDo Did Done Speak Spoke SpokenDraw Drew Drawn Swear Swore SwornDrink Drank Drunk Swim Swam SwumDrive Drove Driven Take Took TakenEat Ate Eaten Tear Tore TornFall Fell Fallen Throw Threw ThrownFly Flew Flown Wear Wore WornForget Forgot Forgotten Weave Wove Woven Forgive Forgave Forgiven Withdraw Withdrew Withdrawn Freeze Froze Frozen Write Wrote WrittenGet Got Gotten or GotGive Gave GivenGo Went GoneGrow Grew GrownReview QuestionsEach sentence is incorrect. In the space provided, rewrite the sentence correctly, using the material learned in this lesson.1.They done it very well after they had practiced.1.Before she run the computer program, she had checked it outwith her supervisor.1.We eat dinner in Albuquerque on our vacation last year.1.My nephew begun working for me about ten years ago.5.I know that you been forty on your last birthday. Multiple choice. Mark the correct answer.1.Before the Angles and the Saxons ____________ to England,the Iberians had lived there.ComingComeCameDid comeOne of the four underlined words or phrases in the following sentence is incorrect. In the space provided, rewrite the sentence correctly.1.When Columbus seen the New World, he thought that he hadreached the East Indies by way of a new Western route. CanPossibility, ability, permissionCouldPossibility, ability in the pastMayProbability, permissionMightProbabilityMustNecessity, logical conclusionShallFuture with emphasisShouldAdvice, obligation, predictionWillFutureWouldConditionGrammar Lesson 7 - Logical Conclusions - Events in the Past Remember that must is a modal. Must followed by the verbword have and a participle expresses a logical conclusion based on evidence. The conclusion is about an event that happened in the past.Remember that an observation in the present may serve as the basis for a conclusion about something that happened in the past. Forexample, "here's a message on my desk." It may be concluded that "my friend must have called last night."My friend must have called last nightSubject Must Have Participle Past TimeAvoid using should or can instead of must. Avoid using a verb word instead of have and a participle when referring to events in the past.Review QuestionsEach sentence is incorrect. In the space provided, rewrite the sentence correctly, using the material learned in this lesson.1.The streets are wet; it should have rained last night.1.This pen won't write; it can have run out of ink (in thepast).1.The ring that I was looking at is gone; someone else mustbuy it.1.He doesn't have his keys; he must locked them in the car.5.I don't see Martha anywhere; she must be left early.Multiple choice. Mark the correct answer.1.The theory of Continental Drift assumes that there____________ long-term climatic changes in many areasduring the past.Must have beenMust beMust haveMustOne of the four underlined words or phrases in the following sentence is incorrect. In the space provided, rewrite the sentence correctly.1.When the weather becomes colder we know that the airmass must originated in the Arctic rather than over theGulf of Mexico.Grammar Lesson 8 - Logical Conclusions - Events in the Present Remember that must is a modal. Must followed by be and an -ing form or an adjective expresses a logical conclusion based on evidence. the conclusion is about an event that is happening now.My friend must be calling nowSubject Must Be-ing form Present TimeHe must be upset nowSubject Must Be Adjective Present TimeAvoid using a verb word instead of an -ing form after must be. Review QuestionsEach sentence is incorrect. In the space provided, rewrite the sentence correctly, using the material learned in this lesson.1.The line is busy; someone should be using the telephone now.1.Bob is absent; he must have been sick again (now).1.He is taking a walk; he must have felt better now.1.She must be study at the library now because all of her booksare gone.5.Sarah must get a divorce (now) because her husband is livingin an apartment.Multiple choice. Mark the correct answer.1.The general public ___________ a large number of computersnow, because prices are beginning to decrease.Must buyMust have boughtMust be buyingMust buyingOne of the four underlined words or phrases in the following sentence is incorrect. In the space provided, rewrite the sentence correctly.1.The American buffalo mustbe reproduce itself again because it has been removedfrom the endangered species list.Grammar Lesson 9 - Logical Conclusions - Events that Repeat Remember that must is a modal. Must followed by a verb word expresses a logical conclusion based on evidence. the conclusion is about an event that happens repeatedly.My friend must call oftenSubject Must Verb Word Repeated TimeAvoid using an infinitive or an -ing form instead of a verb word after must.Review QuestionsEach sentence is incorrect. In the space provided, rewrite the sentence correctly, using the material learned in this lesson.1.The light is always out in her room at ten o'clock; she musthave go to bed early every night.1.Our neighbors must having a lot of money because they arealways taking expensive trips.1.He can like his job because he seem s very happy.1.Her English is very good; she must spoken it very often.5.Carol always gets good grades; she should study a lot.Multiple choice. Mark the correct answer.1.Since more than 50 percent of all marriages in the UnitedStates end in divorce, about half of the children in America must ___________ in single parent homes.Grow upTo grow upGrowing upHave grow upOne of the four underlined words or phrases in the following sentence is incorrect. In the space provided, rewrite the sentence correctly.1.Sheep must have mate in fall since the young are born inearly spring every year.Grammar Lesson 10 - Knowledge and Ability - Know and Know How Remember that know followed by a noun expresses knowledge.I know the answerSubject Know NounAvoid using an infinitive after know.Remember that know how followed by an infinitiveexpresses ability.I know how to answer the questionSubject Know How InfinitiveReview QuestionsEach sentence is incorrect. In the space provided, rewrite the sentence correctly, using the material learned in this lesson.1.If she knew to drive, he would lend her his car.1.I don't know to use the card catalog in the library.1.Until he came to the United States to study, he didn't knowto cook.1.Do you know to type?5.You'll have to help her because she doesn't know to do it.Multiple choice. Mark the correct answer.1.In a liberal arts curriculum, it is assumed that graduateswill ___________ about English, languages, literature,history, and the other social sciences.KnowKnow howKnowledgeKnowingOne of the four underlined words or phrases in the following sentence is incorrect. In the space provided, rewrite the sentence correctly.1.The impressionists like Monet and Manet knew to use colorin order to create an image of reality rather thanreality itself.Grammar Lesson 11 - Past Custom - Used to and BE Used to Remember that used to is similar to a modal. Used to with a verb word means that a custom in the past has not continued.He used to live in the countrySubject Used To Verb WordAvoid using a form of BE after the subject. Avoid using the incorrect form use to.Remember that BE used to with an -ing form means tobe accustomed to.He was used to living in the countrySubject BE Used TO-ing formAvoid using a form of BE after used to. Avoid using a verb word instead of an -ing form. Avoid using the incorrect form use to. Review QuestionsEach sentence is incorrect. In the spaces provided, rewrite the sentence correctly, using each modal from the material learned in this lesson.1.I used to was studying at the University of SouthernCalifornia before I transferred here.or1.We use to go to the movies quite frequently.or1.She was used to get up early.or1.He was used to drink too much.or5.She used to speaking in public.orMultiple choice. Mark the correct answer.1.Harvard ______________ a school for men, but now it iscoeducational, serving as many women as men.Was usedUsed to beWas used toWas used to beOne of the four underlined words or phrases in the following sentence is incorrect. In the space provided, rewrite the sentence correctly.1.As television images of the astronauts showed, even fortrained professionals who are used to move about in alessened gravitational field, there arestill problems.Grammar Lesson 12 - Advisability - Had BetterRemember that had better is similar to a modal.Although had appears to be a past form, had better expresses advice for the future.You had better take Chemistry 600 this semester Subject Had better Verb WordYou had better not take Chemistry 600 this semester Subject Had Better Not Verb WordAvoid using an infinitive or a past form of a verb instead of a verb word. Avoid using don't instead of not, in the negative. Review QuestionsEach sentence is incorrect. In the space provided, rewrite the sentence correctly, using the material learned in this lesson.1.You had better to hurry if you don't want to miss the bus.1.We had better made reservations so that we will be sure ofgetting a good table.1.We had better to check the schedule.1.You had better don't quit your job until you find anotherone.5.You had better don't go alone.Multiple choice. Mark the correct answer.1.To check for acidity, one had better _____________ litmuspaper.UseUsingTo useUsefulOne of the four underlined words or phrases in the following sentence is incorrect. In the space provided, rewrite the sentence correctly.1.In today's competitive markets, even small business hadbetter to advertise on TV and radio in order to gain ashare of the market.Grammar Lesson 13 - Preference - Would RatherRemember that the phrase would rather is similar to a modal. Although would rather appears to be a past form, it expresses preference in present and future time.I would rather driveSubject Would Rather Verb WordI would rather not driveSubject Would Rather Negative Verb WordAvoid using an infinitive or an -ing form instead of a verb word. Avoid using don't or no in the negative. Remember that would is often contracted to 'd.Review QuestionsEach sentence is incorrect. In the space provided, rewrite the sentence correctly, using the material learned in this lesson.1.She told me that she'd rather not to serve on the committee.1.If you don't mind, I'd rather not going.1.He said that he's rather went to a small college instead ofto a large university.1.I'd rather writing this than print it because I don't printwell.5.Greg would rather has a Pepsi than a beer.Multiple choice. Mark the correct answer.1.Rhododendrons would rather _____________ in shady places,and so would azaleas.To growGrowingGrownGrowOne of the four underlined words or phrases in the following sentence is incorrect. In the space provided, rewrite the sentence correctly.1.The Amish people. descended from the German and the Swiss,would rather using horses than machines fortransportation and farm work because they believe that a simple life keeps them closer to God.Grammar Lesson 14 - Preference for Another - Would Rather That Remember that when the preference is for another person or thing, would rather that introduces a clause. The other personor thing is the subject of the clause. Although the verb is a past form, the preference is for the present or future time.I would rather that you droveSubject Would Rather That Subject Past VerbAvoid using a present verb or a verb word instead of a past verb. Avoid using should and a verb word instead of a past verb.I would rather that you didn't driveSubject Would Rather That Subject Negative Past Verb WordAvoid using don't or doesn't instead of didn't when using the negative. This form still uses the past form - notice that it is now on DO,becoming didn't.Review QuestionsEach sentence is incorrect. In the space provided, rewrite the sentence correctly, using the material learned in this lesson.1.I'd rather that you don't do that.1.Diane would rather that her husband doesn't working so hard.1.The dean would rather that studentsmake appointments instead of dropping by.1.My roommate would rather that I don't keep the light on after10 o'clock.5.We'd rather that you should come tomorrow.Multiple choice. Mark the correct answer.1.A good counselor would rather that the patient ____________his or her own decisions after being helped to arrive at a general understanding of the alternatives.MakesMakingWill makeMadeOne of the four underlined words or phrases in the following sentence is incorrect. In the space provided, rewrite the sentence correctly.1.It is said that the American flag has five-pointed starsbecause Betsy Ross told General Washington she wouldrather that he changing the six-pointed ones.Grammar Lesson 15 - Negative ImperativesRemember that an imperative is expressed by a verb word.Please don't tell anyonePlease Don't Verb WordAvoid using an infinitive instead of a verb word.Would you please not tell anyoneWould You Please Not Verb WordAvoid using an infinitive instead of a verb word. Avoidusing don't after would you please. Please is used for politeness. All the same rules apply without please.Review QuestionsEach sentence is incorrect. In the space provided, rewrite the sentence correctly, using the material learned in this lesson.1.Would you please don't smoke.or1.Please don't to park here.or1.Would you please not to be late.or1.Please don't to go yet.or5.Would you please don't worry.orMultiple choice. Mark the correct answer.1.Please ___________ photocopies of copyrighted materialwithout the permission of the publisher.No makeDon't makeNot makeNot to makeOne of the four underlined words or phrases in the following sentence is incorrect. In the space provided, rewrite the sentence correctly.1.Please don't parking in those spaces that havesigns reserving them for the handicapped.Toeful Grammar - Patterns.Section: Problems with VerbsSubsection: Problems with CausativesCausatives are main verbs that cause people or machines to do things or cause things to change. They are listed below in order of themost forceful to the least forceful.∙Make∙Get∙Have∙Let∙HelpFor students doing the Grammar Lesson while connected to the Internet, an Online Dictionary link accompanies each lesson. Any hyperlinked words within the lesson will take you to the dictionary by clicking on them, so that the student can quickly find the definition of a new word. A student can also at any time, consult the Online Dictionary for words not linked by clicking on the link at the bottom of the lessons.Grammar Lesson 16 - Causative MAKERemember that MAKE can be used as a causative. In a causative, a person does not perform an action directly. The person causes it to happen by forcing another person to do it.His mother made him take his medicineSubject MAKE Someone Verb WordI made the machine workSubject MAKE Something Verb WordAvoid using an infinitive or an -ing form instead of a verb word after a person or thing in a causative with MAKE.Review QuestionsEach sentence is incorrect. In the space provided, rewrite the sentence correctly, using the material learned in this lesson.1.She made the baby to take a nap.1.Professor Rogers didn't make us typed up our lab reports.1.Are you going to make your daughter to work part time in the storethis summer?1.I can't seem to make this dishwasher running.5.Patsy makes everyone doing his share around the house.Multiple choice. Mark the correct answer.1.Psychologists believe that incentives ______________ to increaseour productivity.make us wantmake us to wantmaking us wantmakes us wantingOne of the four underlined words or phrases in the following sentence is incorrect. In the space provided, rewrite the sentence correctly.1.Too much water makes plants turning brown on the edgesof their leaves.Toeful Grammar - Patterns.Section: Problems with VerbsSubsection: Problems with CausativesFor students doing the Grammar Lesson while connected to the Internet, an Online Dictionary link accompanies each lesson. Any hyperlinked words within the lesson will take you to the dictionary by clicking on them, so that the student can quickly find the definition of a new word. A student can also at any time, consult the Online Dictionary for words not linked by clicking on the link at the bottom of the lessons.Grammar Lesson 17 - Causative GETRemember that GET can be used as a causative. In a causative, a person does not perform an action directly. GET has less force and authority than MAKE.Let's get Ralph to go with usSubject GET Someone InfinitiveLet's get our car fixed firstSubject GET Something ParticipleAvoid using a verb word instead of an infinitive after a person in a causative with GET. Avoid using a verb word instead of a participle after things in a causative with GET.Review QuestionsEach sentence is incorrect. In the space provided, rewrite the sentence correctly, using the material learned in this lesson.1.Do you think that we can get Karen takes us to San Diego?1.I want to get the house paint before winter.1.Let's get some of our money exchange for dollars.1.Nora got her mother's wedding dress to alter so that it fitperfectly.5.We will have to get someone fixing the phone right away.Multiple choice. Mark the correct answer.1.Lobbyists who represent special interest groups get ____________that benefits their groups.Congress to pass the legislationCongress passed the legislationthe legislation to pass by Congressthe legislation that Congress passingOne of the four underlined words or phrases in the following sentence is incorrect. In the space provided, rewrite the sentence correctly.1.In order to receive full reimbursement for jewelry that might bestolen, the owner must get all pieces appraise.Toeful Grammar - Patterns.Section: Problems with VerbsSubsection: Problems with CausativesFor students doing the Grammar Lesson while connected to the Internet, an Online Dictionary link accompanies each lesson. Any hyperlinked words within the lesson will take you to the dictionary by clicking on them, so that the student can quickly find the definition of a new word. A student can also at any time, consult the Online Dictionary for words not linked by clicking on the link at the bottom of the lessons.Grammar Lesson 18 - Causative HAVERemember that HAVE can be used as a causative. In a causative, a person does not perform an action directly. HAVE has even less force and authority than get.My English teacher had us give oral reportsSubject HAVE Someone Verb WordI want to have this book renewed, pleaseSubject HAVE Something ParticipleAvoid using an infinitive or an -ing form instead of a verb word after a person in a causative with HAVE. Avoid using a verb word or an infinitive instead of a participle after things in a causative with GET.Review QuestionsEach sentence is incorrect. In the space provided, rewrite the sentence correctly, using the material learned in this lesson.1.Tom had a tooth fill.1.Have you had your temperature taking yet?1.They had their lawyers to change their wills.1.I like the way you had the beautician done your hair.5.We are going to have our car fix before we go to Toronto.Multiple choice. Mark the correct answer.1.Like humans, zoo animals must have a dentist ____________ theirteeth.fillfilledfillingto be filledOne of the four underlined words or phrases in the following sentence is incorrect. In the space provided, rewrite the sentence correctly.1.Most presidential candidates have their names print on the ballotin the New Hampshire primary election because itis customarily the first one in the nation, and winning it can give them a good chance to be nominated by their parties.Toeful Grammar - PatternsSection: Problems with VerbsSubsection: Problems with CausativesFor students doing the Grammar Lesson while connected to the Internet, an Online Dictionary link accompanies each lesson. Any hyperlinked words within the lesson will take you to the dictionary by clicking on them,so that the student can quickly find the definition of a new word. A student can also at any time, consult the Online Dictionary for words not linked by clicking on the link at the bottom of the lessons.Grammar Lesson 19 - Causative LETRemember that LET can be used as a causative. In a causative, a person does not perform an action directly. With LET, a person gives permission for another person to do something.His mother let him go to schoolSubject LET Someone Verb WordI am letting this machine coolSubject LET Something Verb WordAvoid using an infinitive or an -ing form instead of a verb word after a person or thing in a causative with LET.Review QuestionsEach sentence is incorrect. In the space provided, rewrite the sentence correctly, using the material learned in this lesson.1.Professor Baker let us to write a paper instead of taking a finalexam.1.When I was learning to drive, my Dad let me using his car.1.Would you let us the borrow your notes?rry is so good-hearted, he lets people took advantage of him.5.Don't let that bothers you.Multiple choice. Mark the correct answer.1.The Immigration and Naturalization Service often _____________their visas if they fill out the appropriate papers.lets students extendlets students for extendletting students to extendlet students extendingOne of the four underlined words or phrases in the following sentence is incorrect. In the space provided, rewrite the sentence correctly.1.The National Basketball Association will not let any athlete tocontinue playing in the league unless he submits voluntarily to treatment for drug addiction.Toeful Grammar - PatternsSection: Problems with VerbsSubsection: Problems with CausativesFor students doing the Grammar Lesson while connected to the Internet, an Online Dictionary link accompanies each lesson. Any hyperlinked words within the lesson will take you to the dictionary by clicking on them, so that the student can quickly find the definition of a new word. A student can also at any time, consult the Online Dictionary for words not linked by clicking on the link at the bottom of the lessons.Grammar Lesson 20 - Causative HELPRemember that HELP can be used as a causative. In a causative, a person does not perform an action directly. With HELP, a person assists another person to do something.He is helping me type my paperHe is helping me to type my paper Subject HELP Someone Verb Word or Infinitive。

2022医学考博试题

2022医学考博试题2022年中山大学肿瘤防治中心分子医学专业考博试题生物化学〔一〕六选五1.米氏方程式公式是什么？Km，Vmax的意义。

三种可逆性抑制剂存在情况下，Km，Vmax的变化。

2.如何进行克隆的构建以及质粒的扩增与抽提？3.衰老的细胞分子机制〔至少五点并作解释〕。

4.分子量20KD，PI=5.5的核蛋白的抽提。

5.蛋白质的翻译后修饰及生理作用，写出修饰的氨基酸。

6.可以进行分子标记三种酶，并比拟底物和作用方式。

细胞生物学六选五1.应用抗原抗体反响的分子生物学技术〔至少五种〕2.比拟细胞自噬，细胞凋亡，细胞坏死3.细胞骨架的组成及如何调控胞质分裂和核分裂4.细胞周期各时期的物质合成5.膜泡运输的方式及调控2022中山医肿瘤学考博真题必答题〔15*4〕1. 良恶性肿瘤的区别2. 肿瘤三级预防的定义和方法3. 简述第二信使4. P53基因异常表达的形式选答题〔6选2 20*2〕 5. 肿瘤化疗用药的原那么6. NHL和HL的区别〔病理类型上，治疗方案上〕7. 食管癌手术的考前须知8. 乳腺癌放疗原那么9. 对不起忘啦10. 肿瘤干细胞的定义和特征11. 实验设计题，给出肿瘤转移可能相关基因，设计实验进行功能验证 12. 细胞周期各期特点和关键check-point2022年浙大考博专业根底课--病理与病理生理学真题〔回忆版〕病理学局部一、名词解释〔3*8〕：表观遗传学，细胞信号传导，DNA甲基化，凋亡，基因芯片，转录因子，异型性，癌前病变二、简答题〔六选三，3*12〕： 1.简述病毒与肿瘤的关系。

2.请简述肿瘤的分子分型。

3.目前结直肠癌发生的分子机制有几种，请你谈谈你的评价。

4.消化道常见的溃疡性病变有哪些〔至少4种〕及其病理学特点及鉴别要点。

5.肿瘤上皮间质转化〔EMT〕的概念，它与肿瘤存在哪些联系，谈谈你所了解的机制。

6.免疫组织化学技术的概念及其应用范围。

病理生理学局部〔四选二，2*20〕1.抑癌基因失活的机制有哪些？请举例说明其在肿瘤发生开展中的作用。

生物化学与分子生物学考研院校排名

生物化学与分子生物学
排名
学校名称
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้等级
排名
学校名称
等级
排名
学校名称
等级
1
北京大学
A+
12
华中农业大学
A
23
湖南师范大学
A
2
武汉大学
A+
13
兰州大学
A
24
华东理工大学
A
3
清华大学
A+
14
同济大学
A
25
大连理工大学
A
4
浙江大学
A+
15
南京大学
A
26
暨南大学
A
5
复旦大学
A+
16
山东大学
A
27
大连医科大学
A
6
B等47个：福建师范大学、首都医科大学、昆明理工大学、吉林农业大学、辽宁大学、青岛农业大学、郑州大学、电子科技大学、新疆农业大学、安徽大学、河北农业大学、浙江工业大学、江西农业大学、深圳大学、广西大学、河北大学、宁波大学、中国药科大学、大连大学、辽宁医学院、安徽医科大学、山西医科大学、贵州大学、福州大学、北京交通大学、南华大学、沈阳药科大学、北京科技大学、兰州理工大学、沈阳农业大学、中国医科大学、首都师范大学、曲阜师范大学、北京工业大学、天津科技大学、新疆医科大学、河南师范大学、黑龙江八一农垦大学、上海师范大学、云南师范大学、佳木斯大学、宁夏大学、江苏科技大学、扬州大学、广西师范大学、昆明医学院、广西民族学院
中国科学技术大学
A+
17
四川大学
A
28
西北农林科技大学
A

2020年南方医科大学招收全日制学术学位博士研究生专业目录12.31

培养单位南方医院南方医院南方医院南方医院南方医院
南方医院
珠江医院
分委员会第一临床第一临床第一临床第一临床第一临床
第一临床
第二临床
珠江医院
珠江医院珠江医院珠江医院第三附属医院上海市奉贤区中心医院
第二临床
第二临床第二临床第二临床第三临床第三临床
3032麻醉学
3026内科学
3026内科学
3023临床检验诊断学 3031外科学 3032麻醉学 3031外科学 3031外科学
专业代
码 100210 100210 100210 100210
学位类型
学术型学术型学术型学术型
招生计划
3 1 1 2
100211 学术型 2
100217 学术型 1
2008生物化学
33 外科学（骨外） 1001英语 2010病理生理学或2013人体解剖学
34
麻醉学
1001英语
2007生理学
35 外科学（骨外） 1001英语 2010病理生理学或2013人体解剖学 36 外科学（普外） 1001英语 2010病理生理学或2013人体解剖学
考试科目3 3031外科学 3031外科学 3031外科学 3031外科学 3024妇产科学
外科学（神外）外科学（整形）
妇产科学
考试科目 1
考试科目2
1001英语 2010病理生理学或2013人体解剖学
1001英语 2010病理生理学或2013人体解剖学
1001英语 2010病理生理学或2013人体解剖学
1001英语 2010病理生理学或2013人体解剖学
2004组织胚胎学或2010病理生理学 1001英语

[vip专享]2014年南方医科大学博士招生专业目录

071008 发育生物学
43 1
张文清温子龙张译张文清、温子
1001 英语 2001 细胞生物学 3036 分子生物学
月
龙、张译月
071009 细胞生物学
基础医学
30 3
、生物学
学位评定 071010
生物化学与分子生物 5
2
3
分委员会
学
罗深秋白晓春蒋羽
姜勇
3 “” 2 413“” 2 1 5
1001 英语 2009 生物统计学或 2003 医学遗传学 3059 生物信息学或 20 02 分子生物学或 3060 计算机应用技术
1001 英语 2040 组织学 3005 病理学
陈文华
陈文华
1001 英语 2039 药理学 3059 药物化学（含有机化学和有机波谱）
刘中秋张忠义季爱李国峰、侯连民李国峰侯连兵兵、刘中秋 1001 英语 2001 细胞生物学或 2039 药理学 3015 药剂学
人体解剖与组织胚胎
100101 学（组胚）
3 0 3 张琳郭家松
1001 英语 2001 细胞生物学或 2002 分子生物学 3043 组织胚胎学
1
100102 免疫学
86 2
病理学与病理生理学
100104 （病理）
54 1
病理学与病理生理学
100104 （病生）
11 5 6
100105 法医学
良方唯意李欣宋鑫、宋鑫
1001 英语 2005 生物力学基础 3003 人体解剖学
李金明朱浩
3 2 “”1 …… ………………17
1 320082 1 3
3 2 1 “” 23WOR1D

南方医科大学专业介绍

目录目录 (1)临床医学（本硕博连读） (3)临床医学本科 (3)麻醉学本科 (4)口腔医学本科 (5)医学影像学本科 (5)儿科学本科 (6)医学检验技术本科 (7)基础医学本科 (7)法医学本科 (8)医学实验技术本科 (8)生物信息学本科 (9)临床医学（卓越创新班）本科 (10)临床医学本科 (10)康复治疗学本科 (11)精神医学本科 (11)预防医学本科 (12)应用统计学（生物统计）本科 (13)应用心理学本科 (14)法学（卫生监督与管理方向）本科 (15)经济学（卫生经济与医疗保险方向）本科 (15)公共事业管理(医院管理方向)本科 (16)生物技术本科 (17)生物技术（生物制药）本科 (17)生物医学工程（本硕连读培养）本科 (18)生物医学工程（医学信息工程）本科 (19)生物医学工程（医学影像工程）本科 (19)生物医学工程（医学仪器检测）本科 (20)生物医学工程（医学电子工程）本科 (20)英语（医学英语）本科 (21)英语（英语翻译）本科 (21)商务英语本科 (22)药学本科 (22)药学（药物化学）本科 (23)药学（药物制剂学）本科 (23)临床药学本科 (24)中西医临床医学本科 (24)中医学本科 (25)针灸推拿学本科 (26)中药学本科 (26)中药制药本科 (27)护理学本科 (28)护理学（助产）本科 (28)护理专科 (29)临床医学（本硕博连读）招生科类：理科。

学制：八年。

授予学位：医学博士。

培养目标：培养医学科学基础知识、临床技能、创新思维、科研能力、沟通技能、信息获取及利用等能力和素质与国际先进医学教育标准接轨的适应医学卫生事业发展需要并达到临床医学博士水平（M.D）的德、智、体、美全面发展的复合型高素质临床医学人才。

主要课程：学科课程：细胞生物学、人体解剖学、生物化学。

课程整合模块：医学基础引论、人文与社会医学、神经科学、感染与防御、内分泌与代谢系统、循环系统、呼吸系统、消化系统、泌尿系统、血液与肿瘤系统、运动系统和皮肤、生殖与发育、五官科学、临床技能学办学特色：在“八年一贯，整体优化，夯实基础，注重素质，面向临床，本硕博教育融通”的办学原则指导下，结合八年制人才培养模式的办学经验，借鉴国际临床医学长学制办学模式，实行高标准、严要求的精英培养模式，确保培养质量。

南方医科大学全日制博士招生计划分配情况公示表

1
182 张先荣
1
183 余斌
2
184 陈建庭
1
185 赵亮
1
186 韦安阳
1
187 钟惟德
1
188 李国新
2
189 高建华
1
190 胡志奇
1
191 鲁峰
1
192 邵龙泉
1
193 吴补领
1
194 李颖嘉
1
195 许乙凯
1
196 陈龙华
1
197 廖旺军
1
198 石敏
1
199 王玮
1
200 吴德华
1
201 黎诚耀
序号
导师姓名
总计划数
优生优培
硕博连读
申请审核制
统招招生计计划划类型
所在单位
54 荣知立
2
1
1 0 学术型基础医学院
55 陈振国
1
1
0 学术型基础医学院
56 邓凡
1
1 学术型基础医学院
57 杨健
11
0 学术型基础医学院
58 徐湘民
3
2 1 学术型基础医学院
59 赵存友
1
1
0 学术型基础医学院
序号
导师姓名
总计划数
优生优培
硕博连读
申请审核制
统招招生计计划划类型
所在单位
109 刘强
1
1 学术型中医药学院
110 莫志贤
11
0 学术型中医药学院
111 陈晓光
2
2
0 学术型公共卫生学院
112 闫桂云
1

生物化学博士

生物化学与分子生物学专业攻读博士学位研究生培养方案专业代码：071010学科专业介绍：生物化学与分子生物学博士点于2004年12月批准设置，2006年开始招收首届博士研究生，目前有博士生导师4人，教授（研究员)12人，副教授16人，黄占景教授为本博士点的主要负责人。

生物化学与分子生物学博士点下设植物生化与分子生物学、微生物生化与分子生物学、化学生物学3个研究方向。

主要研究以下内容：功能基因的表达、调控研究；分离未知基因，并研究其结构、功能、调控；研究生物大分子在体内的相互作用。

部分研究领域达到国际领先水平。

目前承担国家863课题2项、国家自然科学基金4项；国家科技部转基因专项课题2项，科技部农业转化基金2项，省自然科学基金和省攻关课题8项，在研经费400余万元，出版和参编专著7部，在国内外重要学术刊物发表学术论文近200篇。

该博士点拥有分子遗传学、分子细菌学、真菌生化与分子生物学和化学生物学4个研究室。

主要仪器设备有双向电用系统，PCR扩增仪、超低温冰箱、超净工作台、各种离心机和电泳系统、HPLC、层析冷柜、发酵罐、蛋白质分离和纯化系统、核酸蛋白检测仪和冷冻干燥机等，能顺利进行博士生植物和微生物生化与分子生物学等方面的教学和科研工作。

一、培养目标（一）拥护党的路线、方针和政策；掌握马克思主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和“三个代表”的重要思想；热爱祖国，遵纪守法，品德良好，学风严谨；团结协作,具有较强的事业心和献身精神。

（二）掌握生物学科坚实宽广的基础理论和系统深入的动物学专业知识；较好地掌握与本学科相关的跨学科基础理论知识和实验技能；掌握一门及以上外国语；能够独立承担科研课题从事科学研究，独立担负专门技术工作的能力及高等学校教学工作能力；有创新能力。

（三）身心健康。

二、学习年限和时间全日制(脱产)博士生的学习年限一般为3-5年，非全日制(在职)博士生学习年限一般为4-6年。

博士生在一年内完成课程学习，其余时间进行科学研究和撰写学位论文。

南医大博士毕业要求

南医大博士毕业要求介绍南方医科大学（Southern Medical University，简称南医大）是一所以医学为主的综合性大学，位于中国广州市。

南医大的博士毕业要求是研究生必须达到的一系列条件和标准，以保证博士研究生在学业和科研方面具备高水平的能力和素质。

毕业要求概述南医大博士毕业要求主要包括以下几个方面：1.学分要求：博士研究生需要修满一定的学分，包括学科基础课程、专业课程和科研课程等。

学分要求是确保博士研究生在学术知识方面具备扎实的基础。

2.科研要求：博士研究生需要积极参与科研活动，完成一定的科研项目，并取得一定的研究成果。

科研要求是确保博士研究生具备独立开展科学研究的能力。

3.学术论文要求：博士研究生需要在学术期刊上发表一定数量的学术论文，并至少有一篇作为第一作者或通讯作者。

学术论文要求是确保博士研究生在学术交流和科研成果上具备一定的表现。

4.学术报告要求：博士研究生需要参加一定数量的学术报告，包括学术会议、学术讲座等，展示自己的研究成果和学术能力。

学术报告要求是确保博士研究生能够有效地进行学术交流和演讲。

5.课程考试要求：博士研究生需要通过一定数量的课程考试，包括学科基础课程、专业课程和科研课程等。

课程考试要求是确保博士研究生在学术知识方面具备全面的掌握能力。

学分要求博士研究生需要修满一定的学分，具体要求如下：1.学科基础课程：包括医学基础、生物学、细胞生物学、分子生物学等。

共计30学分。

2.专业课程：包括临床医学、病理学、药理学、生物化学等。

共计30学分。

3.科研课程：包括科研方法、科研伦理、科学写作等。

共计10学分。

4.其他选修课程：根据个人需求和研究方向选择。

共计20学分。

科研要求博士研究生在科研方面需要达到以下要求：1.积极参与科研活动，包括实验室研究、数据分析、文献阅读等。

2.完成一定数量的科研项目，包括课题研究、科研合作等。

3.取得一定的研究成果，包括科研论文、专利等。

2016-医学考博试题

2016协和医学院病理学真题回忆一、名词解释6分×8题:①metaplasia、②opsonin、③Tetralogy of Fallot、④Zollinger-Ellison综合征、⑤tubercle、⑥chloroma、⑦MEN、⑧Verocay小体二、单选1分×30题急性普通性肝炎的镜下改变胰腺癌早期转移途径痰涂片检出率最高的肺癌类型食管癌好发部位：中段＞下段＞上段猝死好发于：缺血性心脏病or心律失常风湿性心脏病赘生物好发于哪个瓣膜哪个部位病例题：葡萄胎？恶性葡萄胎？子宫内膜癌？葡萄胎的特点B细胞淋巴瘤乳头血性溢液：导管内乳头状瘤Negri bodies：狂犬病毒形成的包涵体三、简答8分×4题:1.溃结和克罗恩病区别2.风湿病对心脏的影响3.子宫内膜癌I型与II型区别4.胃肠胰神经内分泌瘤定义，其分级和免疫组化的意义以及病理报告包括啥四、问答20分×2题:1.中年女性，低分化胃癌，伴有阴道出血2月，查体及超声显示双侧卵巢大，子宫不大，CEA高。

三个问题:①进展型胃癌分型，转移途径，②卵巢肿瘤可能的类型，③结合病例，卵巢病变最可能是啥2.非浸润性乳头状尿路上皮肿瘤分类，组织学表型及此分类的意义2016年南方医科大学神经外科博士试题-神经解剖一：简答题1.神经活动的形式是什么？其结构基础是？2.是否可根据脊柱损伤来推断脊髓损伤节段？3.光反射的传导通路？4.内囊血肿会损伤那些结构，其结果？5.股神经的走行及体表投影6.深浅感觉的异同点。

二：简答题1.面神经的成分，结构，分支及损伤后有哪些表现。

2.54岁患者突发右侧上下肢偏瘫，膝跳反射亢进，巴氏征阳性，面部以下深浅感觉消失，腹壁反射减弱，考虑那个部位损伤，试简述其结构。

3.左足被蚊虫叮咬，右手去打蚊虫，试述其传道通路。

4.十二对脑神经出入颅位置及途径5.手神经的组成北京协和，病理生理，刚回旅舍整理出来的南京医科大学第一附属医院，外科学专业病理生理学真题回忆简答题（6题）钙超载在缺血—再灌注中的作用应激时交感—肾上腺髓质系统兴奋对机体的作用腺苷酸环化酶在信号转导通路中的作用应激性溃疡的发生机制临床输血和输液时常发生高热，简述其原因心力衰竭时心率加快的机制，对心功能的影响问答题（2题）严重代谢性酸中毒引起DIC的机制并简述出血的原因什么是肝性脑病？肝性脑病血氨增高的机制？临床中有何降血氨措施哈尔滨医科大学免疫一名解抗原，单克隆抗体，MAC,细胞因子，MHC限制性，PRR,免疫调节，调理作用，凝集反应，M细胞。

南方医科大学分子生物学2008,2010,2013--2015,2019年考博真题

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南方医科大学
2013年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：分子生物学（专基）注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。一、简答题 1、 DNA双螺旋结果的要点及其与生物功能的关系 2、参与蛋白质合成的RNA的种类及功能 3、真核生物基因组特点 4、理想的基因重组载体应该有哪些基本要求 5、重组DNA的定义及其基本流程 6、基因诊断及其方法二、问答题１、比较复制、转录、翻译的异同点２、乳糖操纵子的基因结构及其调控３、PCR技术的原理以及其应用４、原核和真核表达系统的优缺点
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南方医科大学
2015年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：分子生物学注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。一、简答题（8选5，8×5分=40分） 1、基因芯片。 2、DNA复制特点。 3、质粒如何改造，更适于基因工程应用。 4、遗传密码特点。 5、原核生物基因表达特点。 6、组蛋白与非组蛋白特点。 7、根据拷贝数基因分类。 8、双向电泳及应用。二、论述题（3×20分=60分） 1、非编码RNA种类及如何用二代测序研究它。 2、循环肿瘤DNA，如何用分生方法研究它，研究它的价值。 3、癌症为何具有危害性，其防治存在哪些困难。
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南方医科大学
2019年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：分子生物学注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
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南方医科大学
2014年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：分子生物学（专基）注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。一，简答题（8选5，40分） 1，顺式作用原件和反式作用因子，举例。 2，真核生物mRNA转录后加工。 3，说出4种PCR其应用。 4，原核生物基因组的特点。 5，转基因的常用方法。 6，基因诊断的概念和方法。 7，蛋白质生物合成及延长的过程。 8，原癌基因激活方式。二，问答题（5选3，60分） 1，复制，转录，翻译的异同点。 2，乳糖操纵子。 3，人类基因组计划的主要工作内容。 4，真核基因在原核生物表达的问题和解决方法。 5，基因工程是什么，及其应用。