初中英语被动语态的讲解

初中英语被动语态的讲解

定义：英语中有两重语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态中的主语是动作的执行者，被动语态中的主语是动作的承受者，即主动语态中的宾语。所以只有及物动词才有被动语态。

规则：被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。第一，助动词be 要随着人称和数的变化而变化，第二，助动词be 要随着时态的变化而变化。

一、被动语态的构成形式1. 被动语态的基本时态变化以do 为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：

1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.

2）was/were done 一般过去时例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.

3）shall/will be done 一般将来时例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.

4）am/is /are being done 现在进行时例A new cinema is being built here．

5）was/were being done 过去进行时例A meeting was being held when I was there.

6）should/would be done 过去将来时例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.

7）has /have been done 现在完成时例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.

8）had been done 过去完成时例By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.

9）shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用）例The project will have been completed before July.

2．被动语态句型变化肯定句主语+be+过去分词，否定句主语+be not+过去分词，一般疑问句Be+主语+过去分词，特殊疑问句疑问词+be+主语+过去分词。

3.被动语态的特殊形式

1) 带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.

2) 双宾语结构。主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍

然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.

3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，宾补不变。例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. The boy was caught smoking a cigarette （by some one）.

4）在使役动词have, make, get 以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe 等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to 要省略，但变为被动结构时，to 要还原。例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. A stranger was seen to walk into the building.

5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，用于被动结构，要看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.

6）非谓语动词的被动语态。v.+ing 形式和to do 不定式的被动语态。例I don't like being laughed at in the public.

二、被动语态的基本用法

1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者(这时可省by 短语)。例My bike was stolen last night.

2. 为了强调动作的执行者例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.

3. 为了美化句子结构。例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （避免主语多次重复）

三、It is said that+从句句型表示据说，相信等意义的动词，如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think 等可以用于句型“It ＋be＋过去分词＋that 从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth.”。如：It is said that… 据说,It is reported that…据报道，It is believed that…大家相信，It is hoped that…大家希望，It is well known that…众所周知，It is thought that… 大家认为，It is suggested that…据建议。例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. The boy is said to have passed the national exam.

四．非谓语动词的被动语态非谓语动词：非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词三种形式，在句中充当除谓语以外的其他各种成分，即主语、表语、宾语、补语、定语和状语。例：Not being tall is not a