英汉翻译教程张培基【完整版】1
张培基英译散文选1
张培基英译现代散文选11. Phrasal Expression & Word…amid(st) thunderous applausea bare subsistence勉强糊口Tom earn a bare subsistence wage.汤姆挣得工资勉强糊口.A be characteristic of B=B be characterize d by AA bend in a river / mountainA blind alleyA brass drum 小铜鼓A bygoneage过去的时代a clot of bloodA mass confused of…庞杂的A faint scent ofA forgon e conclusion 预料中的必然结局A hired hand on contractA jumbleof…一大堆A keen sense ofA long-timer of BeijingA loose community of smaller familyA man of profound learningA mere drop in the oceanA niche in the templeof fameA passing glanceA philosophical approach to lifea positive outcom eA scene of poeticcharmA sensation of blissfulnessA speck of mudA stone’s throwA trace / shade / tint/ sprinkle of…A Treasury of Best Chines e Prose 古文观止A vast tract of landA virtuous man / a man of suprem e virtue/ moral integrity A widening expans e of waterabandon …to fateAche/agoniz e with painAdjoining roomadmiresb for sthaffected 做作aim highamiabl e by natureAmuse onesel f by…= do …for funAmusing episod ean enlightened kingAn odd-jobberAn opportune moment合适时机Ancestral homeApproach senilityaptly 恰如其分地Art troupe文工团At a stretch/sittingAt one’s comman dat the present momentAvaricious desires 贪念Bark up the wrong tree 攻击错了目标bashfulBask in the sunshineBe ablaze/aglow with lightbe advanced in yearsbe an encumbrance to…Be beset/troubled with/byBe blurre d by…Be boggeddown = be trappe dBe bound up with…密切关联be central/indispensabl e to sb.Be coopedup = be cagedbe deeplygrieve d to learn of…be distinguishe d byBe engrossed in…Be exquisite and nicelyarrangedbe forever cherished / treasuredBe hale and heartyBe havene d frombe humanly impossibleBe imprinted/carved/engraved/ingrained on/upon…be in a fixBe instrumentalinBe interwoven with 交织着be irrelevant / foreign toBe keenlyaware ofbe keyed up紧张Be led by the nosebe of southern breedBe off and onbe on an equal footing with…Be on the lips of…Be on the minds of..be out to do…be overgrown with wild woodsbe packedwith…Be plague d = annoye d = upsetBe possessedBe possessed ofbe reconciled to…be reduce d tobe saddle d withbe sent to gallowsBe short of/devoidofBe shrouded in = be covere d in= be enveloped inBe sloppyin thinkingBe strewn/covered/festooned with…Be stumpe d by = baffle dBe tantamount to…= equalBe tinted/ colore d by…Be troubled / seizedwith…Be tuckedaway in…Be weaned断奶Be weighe d down/ troubled withbe wet with perspiration/…Be wide of / far from the mark 离谱Be wild with excitement / joyBe worthyof…无愧于Beam = a big smile on faceBear a thin coating of…begin by degrees 逐渐开始Beguil e = while / idle / fritter away BibliomaniabickerBirds of a feather flock togetherBlackout: (战时)灯火管制Blurt 脱口而出bookish / pedantic / impractical view Bordersth on the westboudoir 闺房Bountiful free giftsBow down toBrazenly claim / credit厚颜无耻邀功Break into uncontrolledsobsBrilliant talentburst with vitalityBury the hatchetButtonup clothesBy dint of 凭借CaponCarcass: slaughtered animalfor food Cavernous mouthChant ancient Chines e books 诵读古籍chicken-and-egg 因果难断的Chit chatClick away the secondsCome dimly into sightCome out exceedingly wellCome to pass 出现,发生Come up againstCome upon a windfallCome/be of ageConfirmed = habitualConfirmed = habitualCongenial disposition 天性convulsive sobcool one’s heelCordiallycotton-paddedgown 棉衣Court ladies= palacemaidCrackling: sound made by burning wood Crane one’s necksCredit A with B = attribute B to ACrumbl e into dustCurl upcurtly= rudelyCut down on = economize ondecadent 颓废的Decorated archway 牌楼degenerationof publicmoralityDeliberatelymake a mystery of…departone’s lifeDevelop a likingfor…diehar d 顽固分子Dignitarydingy = dark + dirtyDiscontinuation of heartbeatdisheveled hairDispeldarknessdissipate one’s fatigu eDizzy = giddyDo … a / an + adj + justic eDo one’s bitDo sb a good turnDo.. by instinctdog-tireddoublesure = fully convincedDrab = dull, boring, monotonousDrag on : (neg.) lastDrain one’s teardrops / bloodDraw an analogy between A and BDrawn-out = prolongeddream = longing = aspiration 憧憬Dwell ondwindl e awayEat into…Eat with gusto 津津有味地吃edge away 慢慢离开eke out a living勉强度日Elegia c Address to My NephewShi’erlang祭祀十二郎文Emaciated = fragil eEmbellishment 点缀Empty into 注入,流入Enormously magnificent / generousEntertain ambitionEvery hook and cranny每个角落Exemplary 模范的Expanses of vacancyExtol 称赞Fall through = bubble= be disillusione d Falteringly 结巴地Familyrules of good behaviorFare likewiseFascinating=imposing=peerless=breath-takingfawn on / flatter / toady toFeeblyFickleman 薄情男子Fierce-browedFighting sceneFirst-hand experienceFlagstoneflowercultivationFollowone’s bent/inclination/willfor one’s part 就某人而言Forsaken rosesFrame/state of mindFrolic嬉闹,玩耍Frostbittenfruitsof laborGain accesstoGentlegracefulnessGesticulate = gestur eGet up to mischiefGet wind of…GloomysternnessgloomysternnessGnaw at sb = afflict / tortur e sbgo out of one’s way 特地Go out to…(be emotionally drawn to)Go soldiering 军旅生涯go through the wringer 历尽幸苦God of LongevityGrove 树林,果园Grow by/in leaps and boundsgrow in luxurianceGrow in rich abundanceGuileless 老实的,不奸诈Hang on to one’s presence 不肯离开hardier speciesHarp onHarp on 唠叨have …to one’s name= be in one’s possessionHave attachment for…Have blind faith in…Have designs on…Have no claim to…对…无拥有权Have nothing to live onhawk one’s waresHeart-rending = grievousHeavenly abodeHerculean strengthHoary-headed头发花白Hoodwink = cajolehousehold choreshumor editors 应付编辑I find them all. 尽收眼底Impassioned speech/ essayIn all earnest 再三,尽力,竭力In anticipationofIn defens e of…= in one’s defens e in every way 彻头彻尾in line with 符合In spite of onesel f 不由自主In the boom / prime of youthIn the morning hazeIn the prime of lifeIn unisonInadvertently 无意间indomitable = steadfastingratiate sb with…= toady to sbingratiate 讨好Inkling = hintIn-lawsInspiration gushes/comes gushing to one’s mind. Intermittently = continually InwardlyIrreparable lossJeer at 奚落jeering voiceJujubetree 枣树Jump down one’s throat猛地回击keep a wary eyeKeep early hoursKeep one’s body and soul together Keep up appearancesKitchen-maidKnack of farming 劳作技能LabyrinthLack of propriety = impropriety Lackluster 单调的Lamentwith a deep sighLangui d = lethargic = sluggish Laud sb to the skylavishattention onlazybonesLie wasteLie/remainunknownLiken / compar e sb to …LimpidbrookListless 无精打采Literati 文人学士Locusttree 槐树Longing note 杜鹃啼血look askanc e at 斜视Look over one’s shoulderloving/fond memoriesMake a clean break with…Make a fanfar eMake for…有助于Make light of 无视malicious squintmalingerman of lettersmandarin jacketmean everythingMeritorious servic emist-shroudedModel …after…Money-shopmoral excellenceMore dead than aliveMorning glory 牵牛花Moult one’s shellMyriads of fireflies荧光千点Mysterious lorenameless fear/atrocity/loneliness Negotiate gorgesNext to noneNot sleep a winknuptial chamber 洞房Obsequious = flatteringOctogenarian八十岁的人Old homeOmenon sentryduty 站哨On the pretext of…以…为借口/理由OstrichlikeOverflow with material desirepack the hallPalpable = noticeable = tangible Parting sorrowPass for = be regarded asPass out of existencepeaceful calmnesspendant 坠饰Peopleof all strataPerennially youngPersonal inclinationPersonal liking= preferenceperspire / blood profuselyPerusalPet phrasepetticoat influence = nepotismpigstyPit – a –pat = pitter–patteringPitch-darknessPlay up to = fawn on bigwigspleasure of lifePly sb with sth 不断供应Pounceon…猛地扑向Prostrate onesel f 顺重Prowl 潜行Puddles of rainwater雨水坑Put sb in the mind of…Quite a few varieties of…Reddening glow of setting sunReedRefrain from…Reign suprem e 占优势Render a servic e to…respect = reverent = well-mannered Reverberating bellRhapsody on E’pang Palace阿房宫赋rosary念珠Royal edictRubble碎石Rules and regulationssafe haven = soft / peaceful shelter Sallow蜡黄,灰黄Sapphire mountains and emeral d riverssave up forsb grow out of …长大Scarlet cloudschemeagainst each otherScrapealong/by艰难度日Scurry/hastenhomewardssedan-chairSee the light of day 出版问世Seek a livingseek solaceSentimental value 纪念价值Servant girlSet one’s mind on sth/ to do sthShadowboxingshed tears over…shoulder pole 扁担Shout / yell one’s head offShrug off one’s words = distrustShy away from…= avoid…Sickento seesidelong glancesideway growthSign with regretSit bolt uprightSize sb upSleep on/oversmart alecksnatchawaySocialstrataSodden浸湿的Sound traile d off.Sparkling starSpeak volubly 口若悬河Spell disasterSpell disasterspin cottoninto yarn 纺纱Springdrizzl eSpur onesel f onStand to benefit in …可能/将会有利于Starry= star-studde d= a constellation of performers and artistsStereotyped essaySth be ingrained 根深蒂固sth be written all over one’s faceStrengthen/toughen/brace up one’s spirits strideover / brush / whiz / flit pastStrokethe scar / chinSuperbattractionsupercilious高傲的supplicate 恳求Suprem e duty 最大责任swagger 昂首阔步走sweat streams down face.Tadpol eTake …at face value 只看表面take …very much to heartTake sb to task= severely reproach/reprimand sbtake to sth/doingtaste of = look likeTattered clothesTear itselfaway fromTemple太阳穴,鬓角That’s final.the askingprice 要价The hooting of an owlThe long night wore onamid(st) its dripping sound.The sea of mortals = the livingThere’s no limit to learning.Thinning hairTime and money he had noneTo complicate matters= to worsenthe situationTo one’s heart’s contentto the effectthat…大意是To the neglect of meals and sleepTo the tune of…touch off = sparkTower to the skyTram 有轨电车Treat sb/sth to…让某人享受…Tricolor 法国三色国旗Tumultuous = turbulentTurbid, sordid, corpulentTwig 树枝twine and climb 盘旋而上Twinkl e / sparkl e with…Twist and turnUmbilical cord 脐带unbosom onesel fUnder one’s wing / protectionUndiminished= remainstrong= not receding UnflinchinglyUnkempt = untidyunruffled = calm = placidunsettled lifeUnshirkable responsibilityUsurp the throneUtter/let out a soundVenerable Guovenomous = maliciousverand aVermin= harmful people/ objectVie in doing sthwane = pine away = wear awayWaysid e flower路边野花Waywardness 任性Wear an air of casualindifferenceWear and tear of timeWeeping willowWell upWheat in the ear 芒种whetstone 磨刀石Whimper = sobWhims and desires 奇思幻想white poplar白杨Wide erudition 博学Wind up staying…With no strings attachedWitheraway in solitude 在孤寂中凋零Without a soul in sightwryly = ironically2. SentenceA feeling of forlornness will begin to creep up on you.A glimmer of light filters into …A keen / biting/ stinging / cutting / savagesatireA life free from worries and caresA matterof survival or extinctionA soldier knows no compromise.As fresh as ever in my memoryAs smoothas a mirror道滑如拭Be besideonesel f / overwhelmed with joy / rageBe entranced / attracted / enthralled / entice dBe fraught with (dreams/concerns)Be more than eager to do…Be reserved and content to live in obscurityBe worthyof remembranceBring…into closercontact with…Conveyone’s regards to…Cries gradually recedefrom hearing.discredit / disgrace sb in publicDrink nonstop to…= propos e repeated toastsEndurecountless hardshipsGraduate with honorsHarbor/have an enmityagainst…Hardlybe able to escapecensur eHave sth to recommend itself总是好的He never made enoughmoney.His debts mounte d with each passing year.how many days I’ve got = I’m entitled toI feel duty-bound to…= I feel it incumbent on me to…It filledme with much concern to learn of your indisposition. Lapse into sympathetic silenc eMake a still betterplace of…Merge into a harmonious wholemuffle dMy heart was tramping / racing/ pounding.My heart’s throbbing with gratitude.nocturnal merry-makingunder candle-lightsRegister/recordthe days of youthreliveold days/timesSee through the vanityof human societyThe choiceis yours / lies in you.There reignspeace and quietness.There’s no denying the fact that…There’s nothing but stillness there.A strip of water shouldhave becomeso vast a distance=keep us poles apartBe representative/typical/symbolic/emblematic/quintessential of…Climb (up) the socialladder= rise to power and positionFulfill the task impose d on you and your fatherby historyIf I were the sea-tide, I’d marshal rolling waves to cleans e the beach of all accumulated filth.Lots of thingsare apt to fade away as one’s life experience accumulatesPlunge/throw/thrust/thrashthe house into deep darknessthe greatest / best …that ever breathed since time immemorialWith/have a slighttouch/portion/shade/trace/tint of regret微叹。
英汉翻译教程张培基【完整版】
英汉翻译教程张培基【完整版】《英汉翻译教程》第一章总论翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。
(张培基等1983)我国早期典籍《周礼·秋官司寇》篇里就有―象胥‖(谓通言语之官)这一名目,唐朝贾公彦所作的《义疏》里提到―译即易,谓换易言语使相解也。
‖这条注疏,关于翻译的定义,足以给人不少启发。
用现代文艺理论和语言理论,也许可以诠释为:翻译是把一种语言文字换易成另一种语言文字,而并不变更所蕴含的意义,——或用近年流行的术语说,并不变更所传递的信息,——以达到彼此沟通,互相了解的目的。
(罗新璋1984)一、关于翻译何谓翻译?关于翻译的定义很多。
根据《现代汉语词典》,翻译是―把一种语言文字的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来‖。
根据《剑桥语言百科全书》,―翻译‖这个中性术语是指将一种语言(―原语‖)里的词句的意思转变为另一种语言(―目的语‖)的意思所做的一切,不论其手段是说话、写字还是做手势。
美国著名翻译理论家奈达认为,所谓翻译,是指从语义到语体在译语中用最切近而又最自然的对等语再现原语的信息。
(《奈达论翻译》,1984)有人把翻译看作是一门科学(science),因为它有自身的规律可循;有人看作是一门艺术(art),因为它是译者对原文再创造的过程;也有人看作是一门手艺(craft),因为原语的信息需要用地道恰当的目的语再现。
在自动化数据处理中,翻译又被定义为:―将计算机信息从一种语言转换成另一种语言,或将字符从一种表示转换成另一种表示。
‖(《现代科学技术词典》上海科学技术出版社1980)凡此种种,不一而足。
但是,在经济和文化日益全球化的今天,翻译的重要性是有目共睹的。
翻译是国际间理解的钥匙,据说西欧的文明归功于翻译者(据L·G·凯里1979)。
季羡林教授也说,翻译是永葆中华文明青春的万应灵药。
前中国驻联合国代表凌青先生说,从中国来讲,没有翻译工作,就没有中国***和中国近代的革命运动,就没有中国成功的对外开放和四个现代化;从世界范围来讲,没有翻译,就没有世界和平,就没有各种国际交往,就没有一个共同繁荣的美好世界的未来。
(完整版)英汉翻译教程
英汉翻译教程张培基第一讲翻译原则简介一、教学目的:了解基本的翻译原则和翻译研究的问题二、教学过程:1.翻译的定义和内涵:(Definition and Connotation)Translation is an art/ science/craf2.中国几位翻译家的理论(influential translation principles)严复:信达雅-—- faithfulness/expressiveness/elegance。
The “three character guide" is regarded as a plumb—line of long standing to measure the professional level of translating.傅雷:神似--—spiritual conformity。
Emphasizing the reproduction of the spirit of the flavor of the original。
强调原作神韵再现。
钱钟书:化境--—sublimed adaptation. Focus on the translator’s smooth and idiomatic Chinese version for the sake of the Chinese reader.刘重德:信、达、切-——faithfulness/expressiveness/closeness.3.中国翻译史上的论争:鲁迅:宁信而不顺-—-rather to be faithful than smooth。
目的:引入英文句式的表达法梁实秋、赵景深:宁顺而不信--—rather to be smooth than faithful 目的:可读性强,便于交流.4.直译与意译:直译—--literal translation意译:free translation直译的例子:crocodile tears鳄鱼的眼泪; armed to the teeth武装到牙齿; chain reaction连锁反应;gentlemen's agreement君子协定; one country, two systems 一国两制;The three religions and the nine schools of thought 三教九流;paper tiger 纸老虎; Breath one’s last——-断气; go to one’s external rest——-安息; the long sleep——-长眠;see Marx 见马克思; Go west 上西天; go to heaven 上天堂; blow out the candles 吹灯拔蜡kick the bucket 蹬腿:直译不等于死译(dead translation):街道妇女应动员起来打扫卫生:Women in the street should be called on to do some cleaning.“In the street" should be replaced by “in the community”.她一大早起床,进城,见到了她的公爹:She got up early, went to the town and saw her public father。
张培基《英汉翻译教程》学习辅导书( 我国翻译史简 介)【圣才出品】
第1章我国翻译史简介1.1 复习笔记一、我国翻译的早期我国的翻译事业有约两千年的历史。
最早开始的是佛经的翻译,翻译家有安世高、号称“三支”的支娄迦谶、支亮、支谦,竺法护。
二、隋唐时期我国翻译事业高度发达的时期是从隋代(公元五九〇年)起到唐代。
这一时期古代翻译界的巨星玄奘(与上述鸠摩罗什、真谛一起号称我国佛教三大翻译家)。
玄奘的贡献为:①玄奘不但把佛经由梵文译成汉文,而且把老子著作的一部分译成梵文,成为第一个把汉字著作向国外介绍的中国人。
②玄奘在翻译理论方面也是有贡献的,他提出的翻译标准是“既须求真,又须喻俗”,意即“忠实、通顺”。
三、明清时期从明代万历年间到清代“新学”时期,出现了以徐光启、林纾(琴南)、严复(又陵)等为代表的介绍西欧各国科学、文学、哲学的翻译家。
明徐光启和意大利人利玛窦合作,翻译了欧几里得的《几何原本》《测量法义》等书。
清林纾最著名的文学作品有《巴黎茶花女遗事》(La Dame aux Camelias)、《黑奴吁天录》(Uncle Tom’s Cabin)、《块肉余生述》(David Copperfield)、《王子复仇记》(Ham1et)等。
严复是我国清末新兴资产阶级的启蒙思想家,所译作品多系西方政治经济学说,如赫胥黎(T. H. Huxley)的《天演论》(Evolution and Ethics and Other Essays)、亚当·斯密(A. Smith)的《原富》(An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations)等。
严复提出了著名的“信、达、雅”翻译标准。
四、五四时期至今“五四”是我国近代翻译史的分水岭。
“五四”以后,我国翻译开始介绍马列主义经典著作和无产阶级文学作品。
《共产党宣言》的译文就发表在“五四”时期。
这一时期的翻译工作在内容和形式上都起了很大变化。
白话文代替了文言文。
2021英汉翻译考研张培基英汉翻译教程考研真题分析
2021英汉翻译考研张培基《英汉翻译教程》考研真题分析1、我国翻译史简介一、我国翻译事业的历史有多久?对我国的翻译史进行大致划分,并给出具有代表性的翻译家。
【答案】中国的翻译,从公元67年天竺僧侣(摄摩腾和和竺法兰)到洛阳白马寺讲经以来,已有近两千年的历史,出现过的翻译高潮大致有五次。
第一次:从东汉到唐宋的佛经翻译。
这时期出现过中国佛经的三大翻译家:鸠摩罗什、真谛、玄奘。
第二次:明末清初的西方科技著作的汉译和中国典籍的西译。
翻译家有徐光启、利玛窦、汤若望、南怀仁等。
第三次:五四以前对西方政治、哲学和文学作品的翻译。
翻译家有林纾、严复、梁启超等。
第四次:1949年中华人民共和国建国初后的十几年。
这个时期我国对马列著作的汉译和《毛泽东选集》民族经文及外文的翻译投入了大量的人力。
翻译家有鲁迅、赵元任、朱生豪、林语堂等。
第五次:1978年实行改革开放政策后开始的西方学术著作和文艺作品的大量翻译,是中国翻译史迄今为止的第五次高潮。
翻译家有傅雷、钱钟书、杨绛等。
【解析】我国翻译史、所出现五次高潮、每一个高潮的研究内容、代表译家是每一个译者都应了解的基本内容,此外译者也应对西方翻译历史有一个大致的了解,以便更好地开展翻译实践。
二、简要介绍严复“信、达、雅”的翻译标准并谈谈你对这个标准的看法。
【答案】严复在《天演论》译文的例言中提出了“信、达、雅”的翻译原则和标准。
“信”是指对原文和译文两个关联事物的可靠性和一致性,即译文要忠实于原文的内容、风格、思想以及精神,不可歪曲原文,不可遗漏原文的重要内容。
“达”是指译文要通达流畅,符合现代汉语表达习惯,符合汉语的语法规范。
“雅”是指译文所要达到的文学美感,即文采气质。
译文语句要规范、得体、生动、优美,有独特的文学典雅气质。
我认为作为一名合格的译员,首先应该保证前两个标准,即“信”“达”的实现。
在翻译时,应确保译文完整准确地传达原文的意思、符合译入语的语法规范,然后在有余力的情况下,再去完善译文,使之更具美感。
英汉翻译教程_张培基等
《英汉翻译教程》第一章:我国翻译史简介我国的翻译事业有约两千多年的光辉历史。
早在公元前六年西汉哀帝时代,伊存到中国口传一些佛教经句,但还谈不上佛教的翻译。
佛经的翻译是在东汉桓帝建和两年(公元148年)开始的,译者是安世高,他是安息人(即波斯),他译了《安般守意经》等三十多部佛经。
过些时候,娄迦谶来中国,因为他是月支人,所以又称支娄迦谶。
他也译了十多部佛经,但文笔生硬,不易看懂,所以从那时起,大概就有直译和意译这个问题了。
他有个学生叫支亮,支亮又有个弟子叫支谦,他们三人号称“三支”,都是当时翻译佛经很有名的人。
就在那时,月支派里出现了一个叫竺法护的大翻译家,他译了175部佛经,对于佛法的流传贡献很大。
但这些翻译活动还只是民间私人事业。
到了符秦时代,释道安设置了“译场”,成了有组织的活动,他本人不懂梵文,惟恐失真,主张严格的直译,在这期间他请来了天竺人(即印度)鸠摩罗什,他全改以前群家的直古风格,主张“意译”,他的译著为我国翻译文学奠定了基础。
到南北朝时,一个叫真谛的印度佛教学者应梁武帝之聘来到中国,他译了49部经论,对中国佛教思想有较大影响。
从隋代(公元590年)起到唐代,是我国翻译事业高度发达的时期,隋代有个释彦琮,梵文造诣很深。
在他以后出现了古代翻译界的巨星玄奘(与上述鸠摩罗什、真谛一起号称我国佛经三大翻译家),他成为第一个把汉文著作向国外介绍的中国人,他自创了“新译”。
从明代万历年间到清代“清学”时期,佛经翻译呈现一片衰落现象,但却出现了以徐光启、林纾(琴南)、严复(又陵)等为代表的介绍西欧各国科学、文学、哲学的翻译家。
徐光启和意大利人利玛窦合作,翻译了欧几里得的《几何原本》、《测量法义》等书。
林纾和他的合伙人以口述笔记的方式译了160多部文学作品,其中最著名的有《巴黎茶花女遗事》、《黑奴吁天录》、《块肉余生记》、《王子复仇记》等。
严复是我国清末新兴资产阶级启蒙思想家(曾担任过北大校长),等到八国联军战役以后,他避居上海,搞翻译工作,他“曾查过汉晋六朝翻译佛经的方法”,破天荒第一次在《天演论·译例言》里正面提出了信达雅作为译事楷模。
张培基《英汉翻译教程》学习辅导书(短文翻译及详解)【圣才出品】
附录短文翻译及详解说明:本章全面收录《英汉翻译教程》(张培基主编,修订本)中的短文翻译练习,每篇短文后面不仅有参考译文,而且还列举出相应的翻译要点及解析,对于以该书为教材的考生来说,具有极高的参考价值和较强的指导性,同时可以帮助考生巩固该书所学内容。
1When Chou En-lai’s door opened they saw a slender man of more than average height with gleaming eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful①. Yet it was a manly face, serious and intelligent, and Chu judged him to be in his middle twenties②.Chou was a quiet and thoughtful man, even a little shy as he welcomed his visitors, urged them to be seated and to tell how he could help them.Ignoring the chair offered him, Chu Teh stood squarely before this youth more than ten years his junior and in a level voice told him who he was, what he had done in the past, how he had fled from Yunnan, talked with Sun Yat-sen, been repulsed by Chen Tu-hsiu in Shanghai, and had come to Europe to find a new way of life for himself and a new revolutionary road for China. He wanted to join the Chinese Communist Party group in Berlin, he would study and work hard, he would do anything he was asked to do but return to his old life, which had turned to ashes beneath his feet③.As he talked Chou En-lai stood facing him, his head a little to one side as was his habit, listening intently until the story was told, and then questioning him.When both visitors had told their stories, Chou smiled a little, said he would help them find rooms, and arrange for them to join the Berlin Communist group as candidates until their application had been sent to China and an answer received. When the reply came a few months later they were enrolled as full members④, but Chu’s membership was kept a secret from outsiders.General Chu explained this procedure as necessary because, as a general in the Yunnan Army, he had been one of the earliest Kuomintang members and he might be sent back to Yunnan by the Communist Party at some future date⑤. Though not publicly known as a Communist, General Chu said that he broke all connections with his past, and with the old society in every way, “so that a heavy burden seemed to fall from my shoulders.” There were hundreds of Chinese students in Germany at the time, most of them rich men’s sons with whom he might have associated⑥in the past. Such men he now avoided and he spent his time studying hungrily, avidly⑦, with young men many of whom were almost young enough to be his sons.(From The Great Road, by Agnes Smedley) 【参考译文】周恩来的房门打开时,他们看到的是一个身材瘦长、比普通人略高一点的人,两眼闪着光辉,面貌很引人注意,称得上清秀①。
【翻译】张培基现代散文精选翻译知识分享
别的多Someliterarycritics say thatChineseliterati, especiallyChinesepoets, are mostly disposed to be decadent,whichaccounts forpredominanceofChineseworks singing the praises of autumn.
说明,证明
go to show
v.有...的倾向于,易于
be prone to/tend to/be apt to/be inclined to/be disposed to do
秋蝉的衰弱的蝉声更是北国的特产
The sporadic feeble chirping of cicadas is especiallycharacteristicof autumn in the North.
像橄榄又像鹅蛋似的这枣子壳儿,在小椭圆形的细叶中间,显出淡绿色微黄的颜色的时候,正是秋的全盛时期;
It is at the height of autumn that jujubes,shaped like dates, maketheirappearance in a light yellowish-green amongst tiny elliptic leaves.
因为北平处处全长着树,屋子又低,所以无论在什么地方,都听得见他们的啼唱。
Due to the abundance of trees and the low altitude of dwelling in Peiping,cicadasare audible in every nook and cranny of the city.
张培基英汉翻译教程
翻译是不同文化之间交际的桥梁。
我国的翻译事业有着2000多年的悠久历史。
当许多的国家还没有自己的文字的时候,我国的翻译事业就产生了。
据有关史书记载,周朝和秦始皇时代,语言中已有了外来语,说明当时已有翻译活动了。
但比较一致的看法,认为我国的翻译业始于东汉桓帝建和2年,即公元148年。
根据翻译的内容,可以把翻译史分为四个时期:我国的翻译有着数千年的历史。
打开这一翻译史册,我们可以看到翻译高潮迭起,翻译家难以计数,翻译理论博大精深。
了解这一历史不仅有助于我们继承我们的先人的优秀文化遗产,而且也有助于我们今天更加深入认识和发展我们的翻译事业。
简单说来,中国的翻译史大致可以分为以下几个阶段:一、汉代-秦符时期;二、隋-唐-宋时期;三、明清时期;四、五四时期;五、新中国成立至今。
一、汉代-秦符时期中国的翻译活动可以追溯到春秋战国时代。
当时的诸侯国家相互之间交往就出现了翻译,如楚国王子去越国时就求助过翻译。
当然这种翻译还谈不上是语际翻译。
中国真正称得上语际翻译的活动应该说是始于西汉的哀帝时期(公元前25年至公元前1年)的佛经翻译。
那时有个名叫伊存的人到中国来口传一些简单的佛经经句。
到了东汉桓帝建和二年(公元一八四年),佛经翻译就正式开始了。
译者安世高是安息(即波斯)人,他翻译了《安般守意经》等三十多部佛经。
后来月支人支娄迦谶(又叫娄迦谶,谶念chen,趁,指应验的语言或预兆)来到了中国,他翻译了十多部佛经。
支娄迦谶译笔生硬,基本上是字对字、句对句地翻译,中国读者不易看懂。
中国翻译界现在的直译和意译之争大概就是从这个时候开始的。
支娄迦谶有个学生叫支亮,支亮有个弟子叫支谦。
他们三人号称"三支",是当时翻译佛经非常有名的译者。
与"三支"同时从事佛经翻译的还有竺法护。
他也是月支人,是当时的佛经翻译名家,总共译了一百七十五部佛经,对佛经在中国的流传贡献不小。
竺法护和"三支"一道被人称作月之派。
张培基英汉互译
第一讲翻译原则简介一、教学目的:了解基本的翻译原则和翻译研究的问题二、教学过程:1.翻译的定义和内涵:(Definition and Connotation)Translation is an art/ science/craft?2.中国几位翻译家的理论(influential translation principles):严复:信达雅--- faithfulness/expressiveness/elegance. The ―three character guide‖ is regarded as a plumb-line of long standing to measure the professional level of translating.傅雷:神似---spiritual conformity. Emphasizing the reproduction of the spirit of the flavor of the original.强调原作神韵再现。
钱钟书:化境---sublimed adaptation. Focus on the tr anslator‘s smooth and idiomatic Chinese version for the sake of the Chinese reader.刘重德:信、达、切---faithfulness/expressiveness/closeness.3.中国翻译史上的论争:鲁迅:宁信而不顺---rather to be faithful than smooth。
目的:引入英文句式的表达法梁实秋、赵景深:宁顺而不信---rather to be smooth than faithful 目的:可读性强,便于交流。
4.直译与意译:直译---literal translation 意译:free translation直译的例子:crocodile tears鳄鱼的眼泪; armed to the teeth武装到牙齿; chain reaction连锁反应; gentlemen‘s agreement君子协定; one country, two systems 一国两制;The three religions and the nine schools of thought 三教九流; paper tiger 纸老虎; Breath one‘s last---断气; go to one‘s external rest---安息; the long sleep---长眠; see Marx 见马克思;Go west 上西天; go to heaven 上天堂; blow out the candles 吹灯拔蜡kick the bucket 蹬腿: You can kick everything but you can not kick the bucket直译不等于死译(dead translation):街道妇女应动员起来打扫卫生:Women in the street should be called on to do some cleaning.―In the street‖ should be replaced by ―in the community‖.她一大早起床,进城,见到了她的公爹:She got up early, went to the town and saw her public father. Public father should be father in law.意译的例子:It rains cats and dogs / at sixes and sevens /Adam‘s apple句子比较:Little fish does not eat big fish直译:小鱼不吃大鱼意译:胳膊拧不过大腿试译:天有不测风云,人有旦夕祸福:直译:Storms gather without warning in nature and bad luck befalls men overnight.意译:The weather and human life are both unpredictable有人说,翻译是带着镣铐跳舞(translation is like dancing in fetters);还有人说,翻译像女人,忠实的不漂亮,漂亮的不忠实。
张培基《英汉翻译教程》(修订本)配套题库(翻译的标准、过程以及对译作的要求)
第2章翻译的标准、过程以及对译作的要求
一、什么是翻译?如何看待翻译的本质?
【答案】翻译是将一种语言文化承载的意义转换到另一种语言文化中的跨语言、跨文化的交际活动。
翻译的本质是释义,是意义的转换。
二、直译、意译各有什么要求?如何正确对待直译与意译?
【答案】
直译,就是在译文语言条件许可时,在译文中既保持原文的内容,又保持原文的形式——特别指保持原文的比喻、形象和民族、地方色彩等。
意译要求译文能正确表达原文的意思,但可以不拘泥于原文的形式。
在翻译中,应根据所译文本的使用目的、受众、风格、所遇到的不同情况来确定翻译方法,不可盲目地通篇直译,或通篇意译。
应灵活采取直译和意译相结合的方式进行翻译。
三、你对提高自身作为译者须具备的素养有什么计划?打算怎样实施?
【答案】
译者应具备的素养有三:深厚的语言功底、广博的文化知识和高度的责任感。
这些能力的培养绝不是一朝一夕的事情,应在不断的实践中进行磨练。
首先我要巩固汉英两种语言的基础,平时多听、多读、多写。
其次,需要培养自己的文化素养,搜集和阅读汉语和英语的各类报刊、杂志等,了解时事热点,不同国家的政治、文化差异,避免因缺乏对文化差异的
了解而闹出笑话。
最后,严谨、端正的工作态度不仅应贯彻翻译实践的始终,也应贯彻在日常学习生活中。
在翻译时,要培养自己的耐性,不能急于求成,而应在初稿完成后多次校对审核,以保证译文的质量。
英汉翻译教程张培基【完整版】1
《英汉翻译教程》第一章 总论 翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确完整地重新表达出来的语言翻译应当把原文的本意,完全正确的介绍给中国读者,使中国读者得到的概念等于英俄日德法等国的读奈达认为更准确地反映出好的翻译的实际过程是:(1)分析:从语法和语义两方面对原文的信息进行词层不对等的情况 词层不对等采取的策略 对等译法的实例 第二章 词语翻译 相关链接 family的------------------------2009年11月30日阅读 三、修辞引申 “言之无文,行之不远。
”为使译文增色,除了真实地再现原作中包含的内容外We should simplify procedures and take prompt action to import urgently needed technology ( Georges 是他的大臣Cardinal Georges )。
本例背景是美国前国务卿黑格辞职,而由 George Schu Despite their differences , their love will conquer. 尽管他们之间存在着分歧,他们的恋爱1.运用语境 这种手段主要用于语篇上找不到明显的衔接标记,但从意义上来讲是连贯统一的。
接表达出来的语言活动。
(张培基等 1983) 我国早期典籍《周礼·秋官司寇》篇里就有“象胥于英俄日德法等国的读者从原文得来的概念。
(瞿秋白:1931) “动态对等”(Dynamic Equivalence)是奈方面对原文的信息进行分析;(2)传译:译者在脑子里把经过分析的信息从原语转译成译语;(3)重新组织:把相关链接 family的译法: 原文:Do you have a family? 译文1:你有家庭吗? 译文2:你成家了吗? 辨析:现原作中包含的内容外,还得讲究修辞。
这样,在翻译时,往往因修辞需要而增添一些引申意义。
张培基《英汉翻译教程》(修订本)配套题库(英译汉常用的方法和技巧(上))【圣才出品】
第4章英译汉常用的方法和技巧(上)4.1 词义的选择、引申和褒贬一、试译下列各句,注意根据上下文和逻辑关系对特定词汇作进一步引申。
1. violence【译文】暴力事件2. confusion【译文】混乱状态3. individualism【译文】个人主义4. public security【译文】社会治安问题5. inflation【译文】通货膨胀问题6. trade volume【译文】成交情况7. independence【译文】独立地位8. R&D【译文】研发活动9. to do evil things openly【译文】明火执仗10. to be full of anxiety and worry【译文】牵肠挂肚11. a great and thorough-going change 【译文】翻天覆地的变化12. great in momentum and irresistible 【译文】声势浩大,不可阻挡13. A good conscience is a soft pillow.【译文】良心过得去,睡觉才安稳。
14. Love lives in cottages as well as courts.【译文】爱情不分贵贱。
15. You should not show your hand to a stranger.【译文】对陌生人要保持戒心。
16. Please don’t wake a sleeping dog.【译文】请不要惹是生非。
17. I have no head for music.【译文】我没有音乐方面的天赋。
18. Vietnam War was his entree to the new Administration as a foreign policy consultant.【译文】越南战争成了他进入新政府的敲门砖,他成了新政府的对外政策顾问。
19. Action and foresight will be needed as well as learning and reputation.【译文】不但需要德高望重的学者,而且需要有远见卓识的实干家。
文学英语翻译:张培基英译散文《哭》
文学英语翻译:张培基英译散文《哭》那年,我坐夜车去朝拜圣地——到茂陵瞻仰霍去病墓前的雕刻。
Years ago ,I went by night train to Mao Ling ,a sacred place in Shaanxi Province,to pay homage to the sculptures standing before Huo Qubing's tomb.要点:1,题目虽然是《哭》但根据文章内容,题目更确切的意思应为“快要流泪”,或“几乎流泪”,因此译为On the Verge of Tears2,“那年”即“有一年”或“几年前”,译为that year会造成读者困扰,因为that 通常指前面提到过的事物,现译Years ago综述:题目的翻译看似简单,其实是建立在对于全文的理解上。
夜车到了终点站,霍去病墓还老远。
在那满天星斗的西北草原上,我时而顺着大车道,时而踏着羊肠小径往前赶路,及至霍去病墓地,天色才开始曙明。
附近没有行人,我迫不及待的扑向墓前那几座庞然巨物的伟大雕刻作品。
我十分激动,它们永远是活着的,并一直是我精神上的支柱。
当我在异国遭到歧视的时候,当世界上其他国家的杰出艺术品令我敬仰的时候,我自馁的时候,痛苦的时候……这几座气势磅礴的永恒的石头雕刻便总会呈现在我的眼前。
As it was a long way from the terminal station to Huo's tomb,I had to hurry on with my journey on foot under the starry sky of Northwest China,sometimes on along a broad road,sometimes on a narrow footpath.The day was just dawning when I arrived at Huo's tomb.Not a pedestrian in sight.I lost no time in presenting myself before the majestic carved works of great magnitude before the tomb ,I was beside myself with agitation .The immortal art treasures will be my permanent spiritual prop.Whenever I am discriminated against in a foreign country ,whenever I stand in awe before a foreign outstanding work of art ,whenever I am disheartened,wheneverI suffer agony … these imperishable stone carvings of amazing grandeur will inevitably appear in my minds eye.要点:1,“夜车到了终点站,霍去病墓还老远。
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译教程》第一章总论
翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。
(张培基等1983)我国早期典籍《周礼·秋官司寇》篇里就有“象胥”(谓通言语之官)这一名目,唐朝贾公彦所作的《义疏》里提到“译即
把原文的本意,完全正确的介绍给中国读者,使中国读者得到的概念等于英俄日德法等国的读者从原文得来的概念。
(瞿秋白:1931)“动态对等”(Dynami c Equivale nce)是奈达(E.Nida )从交际学方面探索翻译中的对等问
更准确地反映出好的翻译的实际过程是:(1)分析:从语法和语义两方面对原文的信息进行分析;(2)传译:译者在脑子里把经过分析的信息从原语转译成译语;(3)重新组织:把传递过来的信息重新加以组织、使之完全符合译语的
等的情况词层不对等采取的策略 对等译法的实例 第二章 词语翻译相关链接family的译法:原文:Do you have a family?译文1:你有家庭吗? 译文2:你成家了吗? 辨析: 译文1完全照字面搬过来,译文2将have a family译------------------------2009年11月30日阅读
修辞引申“言之无文,行之不远。
”为使译文增色,除了真实地再现原作中包含的内容外,还得讲究修辞。
这样,在翻译时,往往因修辞需要而增添一些引申意义。
例如:”、5.For the average consumer , voice-activate d devices
should simplify procedur es and take prompt action to import urgently needed technolo gy …organize scientis ts ,technici ans and workers to assimila te and populari ze imported technolo gy。
如果照原
Georges 是他的大臣Cardinal Georges )。
本例背景是美国前国务卿黑格辞职,而由George Schultz 接任。
当时的里根总统在George Schultz 宣誓就职时说了这句俏皮话。
“ Let Georges do it ”. 一方面指“让George Schultz 来接任
their differen ces , their love
will conquer.尽管他们之间存在着分歧,他们的恋爱一定会成功。
(让步分句)
I found the house suddenly , and stood there with my heart beating fast and tears coming
语境
这种手段主要用于语篇上找不到明显的衔接标记,但从意义上来讲是连贯统一的。
接受者可以根据语境提供的信息推理来实现语篇的连贯性。
A: Could you give me a
lift home? B: Sorry, I''m visiting my sister.。