英语句子的基本成分和句型
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英语句子的基本成分和句型
一、要弄清楚英语句子的结构,我们先要弄清楚组成一个句子的各个组成部分,即句子的成分:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语的概念。
1、主语:是一个句子所要说明的人和事物,通常位于句首。
.My father likes to play football.
Yangjiang is a beautiful city.
2、谓语:说明主语的动作或状态的.谓语有两种形式:动词型和系表型
He ofen watches TV at home..
My room is big and clean.
3、宾语:表示谓语所涉及的对象.一般跟在动词和介词后面。
I will write 100 books.
He makes full use of his spare time to study.
4、表语:连系动词后的句子成分,表示主语的状态和特征。
They are good students.
Her mother looks very young.
1)状态系动词, 如be.(am,is are,was,were,being,been)
2)感官系动词, 如look,feel, smell, sound, taste。
3)变化系动词, 如become, grow, turn, fall, get, go。
4)持续系动词, 如keep, remain, stay。
5)表像系动词, 如seem, appear。
5、定语:它是用来限定或修饰名词或代词的.
I have a new book.
I want to tell you something important.
6、状语:它是修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句用的。
The girl is walking slowly.
These books are very useful./They worked rather hard.
Fortunately,we passed the exam in the end.
7、补语:补充说明句中的宾语的,(补语和宾语的关系等于谓语和主语的关系) He made me laugh.
We should keep the classroom clean.
8、同位语:把一个名词、代词或从句放在另一名词或代词后,用以说明前者的性质或情况,
We Chinese people love peace.
Miss Huang our English teacher is having a lesson.
二、简单句的五种基本句型:
1、主语+谓语(不及物动词)如:
They are sleeping.
The sun rises in the east.
注意:不及物动词(vi)指意思完整,不需要或不能直接带宾语,若带宾语需加介词或副词。
如:They are listening to the teacher.
We arrived in Beijing yesterday.
.2、主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语如:
They held a class meeting.
We love learning English.
注意:及物动词(vt)指意思不完整,需要带宾语的词。
3、主语+连系动词+表语如:
Leaves turn yellow in autumn.
Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.
4、主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语如:
Mr Wang teaches us chemistry.
My father bought me an electronic dictionary.
= My father bought an electronic dictionary for me.
注意:间接宾语指人,直接宾语指物,。若接物再接人要加介词to或for 用于此句型的动词有buy, bring,give,teach,pass,show,tell,
5、主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语如:
We make our country more beautiful.
Our teacher asked us not to be late for class.
练习:
一.划分下列句子成分并指出属于那种基本句型.
1.I like music very much.
2.The wind is blowing.
3.They are very kind.
4.All of us considered him honest.
5.You must hand in your exercise-books after class.
6.He asked us to join in the game.
7.He showed the ticket to me.
8.Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
9.I’ll get my recorder mended.
10. Mrs Brown looks very healthy.
二.翻译下列句子.
1.爸爸昨天回家很晚。
2. 每天下午许多学生在图书馆借书。
3.他那天不在家.
4 我父亲给我买了一辆新自行车。
5每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语.
6他在北京的一家大公司工作。
7我昨天在购书中心买了一本鲁迅写的书。
8.那位站在树下的漂亮女孩是我的妹妹。
9.他细心地告诉我他是怎样解决这个难题的。
10.老师经常叫我们要按时认真完成作业。
一.英语句子总句型
(定)主(定)【状】谓【状】(定)宾(定)补【状】
注意:
二.根据在句中的功能,动词可分为四类,分别是:实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词。
1. 实义动词——有具体动作意义的词,包括及物动词和不及物动词。如
sing,eat,go等。
2.系动词——亦称联系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语,构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
3.助动词——协助主要动词构成谓语。被协助的动词称作主要动词,助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用。例如:
He doesn't like English.他不喜欢英语
(doesn't是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义)
助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用来: