Grammar Term语法相关术语
【精品资料】TKT第一模块考点总结-精品资料
TkT—M1考点总结Part 1：What is TKT?Teaching Knowledge Test.英语教学能力证书(TKT) 是剑桥大学考试委员会外语考试部（Cambridge ESOL）专为英语教师开发设计的证书考试。
TKT是为母语为非英语国家的中小学或成人英语教师研发的英语教学能力证书，主要测试考生对语言及语言应用基本概念的掌握，以及对教学与学习的背景知识及实践过程的把握。
Part 2：What does TKT involve?TKT包含五个证书：证书1即M1--语言及语言教学背景知识Language and background to languagelearningand teaching证书2即M2--计划制定及教学资源利用Lesson planning and use of resources forlanguage teaching证书3即M3--教学组织与学习过程管理Managing the teaching and learningprocess证书4即M4-- 英语语言知识Knowledge about Language (不在考试范围)证书5即M5-- 学科内容与语言整合教与学Content and Language IntegratedLearning（不在考试范围）考生可以分别参加各个证书的考试，没有先后顺序，TKT每个考试均包含80道选择题，考试时间为80分钟。
M1：语言及语言学习、语言教学背景知识1、主要测试在英语语言教学中用来描述语言、语言应用及语言技能的常用术语及概念。
例如：a) 语言及语言应用：名词，连词，从句，音素，重音，前缀，同义词，邀请，建议，同意。
b) 语言技能：略读，精读，听要点，通过听判断说话者态度，准确度，流利度，写主题句，拟草稿，编辑等。
2、对影响英语学习因素的了解，教师如何根据不同学习者的特性因材施教，同时测试考生对英语学习过程及对教学的影响的了解。
常用英语语法术语表Grammatical-Terms
常用英语语法术语表Grammatical-Terms常用英语语法术语表Grammatical Terms 1. 语法grammar句法syntax词法morphology结构structure句子sentence从句clause词组phrase词类part of speech实词notional word虚词structural word单纯词simple word派生词derivative复合词compound词性part of speech名词noun专有名词proper noun普通名词common noun可数名词countable noun不可数名词uncountable noun抽象名词abstract noun具体名词concret noun物质名词material noun集体名词collective noun个体名词individual noun介词preposition连词conjunction动词verb主动词main verb及物动词transitive verb不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词link verb助动词auxiliary verb情态动词modal verb规则动词regular verb不规则动词irregular verb 短语动词phrasal verb限定动词finite verb非限定动词infinite verb使役动词causative verb感官动词verb of senses动态动词event verb静态动词state verb感叹词exclamation形容词adjective副词adverb方式副词adverb of manner程度副词adverb of degree时间副词adverb of time地点副词adverb of place修饰性副词adjunct连接性副词conjunct疑问副词interogative adverb关系副词relative adverb代词pronoun人称代词personal pronoun物主代词possesive pronoun反身代词reflexive pronoun相互代词reciprocal pronoun指示代词demonstrative pronoun疑问代词interrogative pronoun关系代词relative pronoun不定代词indefinite pronoun物主代词possecive pronoun名词性物主代词nominal possesive prnoun形容词性物主代词adjectival possesive pronoun冠词article定冠词definite article不定冠词indefinite article数词numeral基数词cardinal numeral序数词ordinal numeral分数词fractional numeral形式form单数形式singular form复数形式plural form限定动词finite verb form非限定动词non-finite verb form 原形base form2.morphology词法notional实词form word虚词word-building构词法root词根prefix前缀suffix后缀synonym同义词antonym反义词conversion转化法derivation派生法affixation词缀法composition合成法compound复合词parts of speech词类noun名词pronoun代词numeral数词adjective形容词verb动词adverb副词article冠词preposition介词conjunction连词interjection感叹词particle引导词classification of nouns名词的分类common noun普通名词proper noun专有名词collective noun集合名词material noun物质名词abstract noun抽象名词countable noun可数名词personal pronoun人称代词possessive pronoun物主代词reflexive pronoun反身代词demonstrative pronoun指示代词interrogative pronoun疑问代词relative pronoun关系代词indefinite pronoun不定代词reciprocal pronoun相互代词case格nominative case主格objective case宾格possessive case所有格singular form单数形式plural form复数形式cardinal numeral基数词ordinal numeral序数词fraction numeral分数数词degrees of comparison比较级positive degree原级comparative degree比较级superlative degree最高级notional verb实义动词modal verb情态动词link verb连系动词auxiliary verb助动词transitive verb及物动词intransitive verb不及物动词regular verb规则动词irregular verb不规则动词finite verb限定动词non-finite verb非限定动词person人称number数gender性tense时态voice语态mood语气principal forms of verbs动词的主要形式present form现在形式past form过去形式participle分词present participle现在分词past participle过去分词infinitive不定式gerund动名词verbal noun动名词simple present tense一般现在时simple past tense一般过去时simple future tense一般将来时present continuous tense现在进行时past continuous tense过去进行时future continuous tense将来进行时past perfect tense过去完成时future perfect tense将来完成时present perfect continuous tense现在完成进行时future perfect continuous tense将来完成进行时sequence of tenses时态的呼应passive voice被动语态active voice主动语态indicative mood陈述语气imperative mood祈使语气subjunctive mood虚拟语气adverb of time 时间副词adverb of place地点副词adverb of manner方式副词adverb of degree程度副词adverb of frequency频度副词conjunctive adverb连接副词definite article定冠词indefinite article不定冠词coordinating conjunction并列连词subordinating conjunction从属连词syntax句法declarative sentence陈述句imperative sentence祈使句exclamatory sentence感叹句interrogative sentence疑问句general question一般疑问句special question特殊疑问句alternative question选择疑问句disjunctive question反意疑问句simple sentence简单句compound sentence并列句语法术语Grammar Terms 语法grammar句法syntax词法morphology结构structure句子sentence从句clause词组phrase词类part of speech实词notional word虚词structural word名词noun专有名词proper noun普通名词common noun可数名词countable noun不可数名词uncountable noun 抽象名词abstract noun具体名词concrete noun物质名词material noun集体名词collective noun个体名词individual noun介词preposition连词conjunction动词verb主动词main verb及物动词transitive verb不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词link verb助动词auxiliary verb情态动词modal verb规则动词regular verb不规则动词irregular verb短语动词phrasal verb限定动词finite verb非限定动词infinite verb使役动词causative verb感官动词verb of senses动态动词event verb静态动词state verb感叹词exclamation形容词adjective副词adverb方式副词adverb of manner程度副词adverb of degree时间副词adverb of time地点副词adverb of place修饰性副词adjunct连接性副词conjunct疑问副词interrogative adverb 关系副词relative adverb代词pronoun人称代词personal pronoun物主代词possessive pronoun 反身代词reflexive pronoun相互代词reciprocal pronoun指示代词demonstrative pronoun疑问代词interrogative pronoun关系代词relative pronoun不定代词indefinite pronoun名词性物主代词nominal possessive pronoun形容词性物主代词adjectival possessive pronoun冠词article定冠词definite article不定冠词indefinite article数词numeral基数词cardinal numeral序数词ordinal numeral分数词fractional numeral形式form单数形式singular form复数形式plural form限定动词finite verb form非限定动词non-finite verb form原形base form从句clause从属句subordinate clause并列句coordinate clause名词从句nominal clause定语从句attributive clause状语从句adverbial clause宾语从句object clause主语从句subject clause同位语从句appositive clause时间状语从句adverbial clause of time地点状语从句adverbial clause of place方式状语从句adverbial clause of manner让步状语从句adverbial clause of concession原因状语从句adverbial clause of cause结果状语从句adverbial clause of result目的状语从句adverbial clause of purpose条件状语从句adverbial clause of condition真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of real condition非真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of unreal condition 含蓄条件句adverbial clause of implied condition错综条件句adverbial clause of mixed condition句子sentence简单句simple sentence并列句compound sentence复合句complex sentence并列复合句compound complex sentence 陈述句declarative sentence疑问句interrogative sentence一般疑问句general question特殊疑问句special question选择疑问句alternative question附加疑问句tag question反义疑问句disjunctive question修辞疑问句rhetorical question感叹疑问句exclamatory question存在句existential sentence肯定句positive sentence否定句negative sentence祈使句imperative sentence省略句elliptical sentence感叹句exclamatory sentence基本句型basic sentence pattern句子成分members of sentences主语subject谓语predicate宾语object双宾语dual object直接宾语direct object间接宾语indirect object复合宾语complex object同源宾语cognate object补语complement主补subject complement宾补object complement表语predicative定语attribute同位语appositive状语adverbial句法关系syntactic relationship 并列coordinate从属subordination修饰modification前置修饰pre-modification后置修饰post-modification限制restriction双重限制double-restriction非限制non-restriction数number单数形式singular form复数形式plural form规则形式regular form不规则形式irregular form格case普通格common case所有格possessive case主格nominative case宾格objective case性gender阳性masculine阴性feminine通性common中性neuter人称person第一人称first person第二人称second person第三人称third person时态tense过去将来时past future tense过去将来进行时past future continuous tense过去将来完成时past future perfect tense一般现在时present simple tense一般过去时past simple tense一般将来时future simple tense现在完成时past perfect tense过去完成时present perfect tense将来完成时future perfect tense现在进行时present continuous tense过去进行时past continuous tense将来进行时future continuous tense过去将来进行时past future continuous tense现在完成进行时present perfect continuous tense 过去完成进行时past perfect continuous tense语态voice主动语态active voice被动语态passive voice语气mood陈述语气indicative mood祈使语气imperative mood虚拟语气subjunctive mood否定negation否定范围scope of negation全部否定full negation局部否定partial negation转移否定shift of negation语序order自然语序natural order倒装语序inversion全部倒装full inversion部分倒装partial inversion直接引语direct speech间接引语indirect speech自由直接引语free direct speech自由间接引语free indirect speech一致agreement主谓一致subject-predicate agreement 语法一致grammatical agreement概念一致notional agreement就近原则principle of proximity强调emphasis重复repetition语音pronunciation语调tone升调rising tone降调falling tone降升调falling-rising tone文体style正式文体formal非正式文体informal口语spoken/oral English感情色彩emotional coloring 褒义commendatory贬义derogatory幽默humorous讽刺sarcastic挖苦ironic。
英语相似词辨析（150）：term,terminology
term，terminology Term是个多义词，当它⽤以表达“术语”之意时，很易和另⼀名词terminology混淆不清。
Term的涵义是“⼀种表⽰特定概念的词语”，⼀般译作“语”、“辞”、“字眼”、“⾔辞”。
例如：grammatical terms（语法⽤语）；technical terms（专门名词）；scientific terms（科技名词）；homespun terms（粗俗的⾔语）；contemptuous terms（轻蔑的⾔辞）；legal terms（法律⽤语）。
例： Is“real estate”a legal term？ “房地产”（或不动产）是法律⽤语吗？ That hooligan abused me in foul terms． 那个⽆赖⽤下流话骂我。
This proposal must be couched in fitting terms． 我们必须⽤适当的措辞来提这个建议。
注：term除作名词之外，尚可⽤作动词。
如： They termed the gas “argon”． 他们把该⽓体命名为“氩”。
His drama might be termed a tragedy． 他这⼀出戏可称为悲剧。
由例句可见，term的这种⽤法，其意相当于name 和call。
Terminology的涵义是考试⼤“某个⾏业内的特殊⽤语”，⼀般译作“术语”或“专门⽤语”。
如：chemical terminology（化学术语）；medical terminology（医学上的⽤语）；the terminology of space science（太空科学的术语）。
terminology有时尚可表⽰“术语学”的涵义。
例： I don't know whether it is a terminology of zoology or not． 我不知道它是不是动物学的专门⽤语。
grammar重点词汇及用法
Unit1 Living with technologyGrammar and Usage1.merely: adv. only 仅仅，只有She is merely a child.I merely looked at the chocolate. I didn’t eat it.This is merely a beginning.Not merely ＾＾but also ＾＾mere a. 仅仅，纯粹2.model：n. A particular design or a type of product.型号,样式The car industry's always producing new models.汽车业总是不断推出新型汽车。
模型a model of an airplane 飞机模型极相似的人或物She is a perfect model of her mother. 她活像她母亲。
模范；典型This student is a model of diligence. 这学生是勤勉的模范。
时装模特儿3.accompany: vt. To be or go with as a companion. 陪伴He accompanied his wife to the hospital. 他陪妻子去了医院He accompanied his friends to the film. 他陪朋友们看电影Lightning usually accompanies thunder. 雷声常伴随闪电而来Mary sang and I accompanied her on the piano. 玛丽唱歌，我用钢琴给她伴奏4.ownership：n. The state or fact of being an owner.Legal right to the possession of a thing.所有权，物主身份private ownership私人[个人]所有制state ownership国家(全民)所有制5.anyhow：adv. In whatever way or manner; however: 无论如何，不管怎样It may rain, but anyhow I shall go out. 天可能要下雨，但无论如何我要出门。
英语二牵涉到的语法Grammer
完成式表示动作发生在胃语动作之前
I am sorry to have kept you
waiting.
She seems to have read the book
before
现在分词完成式主要用于庄语,表示
动作在胃语的动作之前发生.
Having done his homework, the
boy began to watch TV.
被动式不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式的动
作的成受者
It's honor for me to be asked to
speak here.
He wanted the letter to be mailed
at once.
She prefered to be given more
work to do.
但在有些句子中, 如果与句中名词或
代词有主胃关系, 不定式用主动式
He has no one to take care of (He
与 Take care of 有主畏关系)
We will have many difficult to
overcome (We 与 to overcome有主胃
关系)
表示被动的动作, 而且动作正在发
生
The bridge being built there
will be one of the longest in
China,
完成被动式
Having been given such a good
chance, how could she give it
up?
词。
语法术语
• • • • • • • • • • •
affix 词缀；prefix 前缀；suffix 后缀 alternative question 选择疑问句 antecedent 先行词 auxiliary verb／auxiliary 助动词 modal auxiliary 情态助动词 collective noun 集体名词 command 祈使句 complex clause 复杂分句 complex object 复杂宾语 complex sentence 复杂句 compound complex sentence 并列复杂句
• • • • • • • • • • • •
postmodifier 后置修饰语 inversion 倒装 main clause 主句; subordinate clause 从句 main verb 主动词 negative word 否定词 non-finite clause 非限定性从句 noun phrase 名词词组 subject 主语; predicate 谓语; object 宾语 subject complement 主语补语 object complement 宾语补语 subjective case 主格; objective case 宾格 cardinal numeral 基数词; ordinal numeral 序数词
• • • • • • •
special question 特殊疑问句 tag question 附加疑问句 yes-no question 是非问句 subjunctive mood 虚拟语气 absolute construction 独立主格结构 zero article 零冠词 rhetoric 修辞
Grammatical Terms (语法术语)
语法术语 Grammar Terms
语法术语Grammar Terms语法grammar 句法syntax 词法morphology 结构structure层次rank 句子sentence 从句clause 词组phrase词类part of speech 单词word 实词notional word 虚词structrural word 名词noun 专有名词proper noun 普通名词common noun可数名词countable noun 不可数名词uncountable noun 抽象名词abstract noun具体名词concret moun 物质名词material noun 集体名词collective noun个体名词individual noun 介词preposition 连词conjunction 动词verb主动词main verb 及物动词transitive verb 不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词link verb 助动词auxiliary verb 情态动词modal verb规则动词regular verb 不规则动词irregular verb 短语动词phrasal verb限定动词finite verb 非限定动词infinite verb 使役动词causative verb感官动词verb of senses 动态动词event verb 静态动词state verb感叹词exclamation 形容词adjective 副词adverb方式副词adverb of manner 程度副词adverb of degree 时间副词adverb of time 地点副词adverb of place 修饰性副词adjunct 连接性副词conjunct疑问副词interogative adverb 关系副词relative adverb代词pronoun人称代词personal pronoun 物主代词possesive pronoun反身代词reflexive pronoun 相互代词reciprocal pronoun指示代词demonstrative pronoun 疑问代词interrogative pronoun关系代词relative pronoun 不定代词indefinite pronoun物主代词possecive pronoun 名词性物主代词nominal possesive prnoun形容词性物主代词adjectival possesive pronoun冠词article定冠词definite article不定冠词indefinite article数词numeral基数词cardinal numeral 序数词ordinal numeral 分数词fractional numeral形式form单数形式singular form 复数形式plural form 限定动词finite verb form非限定动词non-finite verb form 原形base form从句clause从属句subordinate clause 并列句coordinate clause 名词从句nominal clause定语从句attributive clause 状语从句adverbial clause 宾语从句object clause主语从句subject clause 同位语从句appositive clause时间状语从句adverbial clause of time 地点状语从句adverbial clause of place方式状语从句adverbial clause of manner 让步状语从句adverbial clause of concession 原因状语从句adverbial clause of cause 结果状语从句adverbial clause of result目的状语从句adverbial clause of purpose 条件状语从句adverbial clause of condition 真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of real condition非真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of unreal condition含蓄条件句adverbial clause of implied condition错综条件句adverbial clause of mixed condition句子sentence简单句simple sentence 并列句compound sentence复合句complex sentence 并列复合句compound complex sentence陈述句declarative sentence 疑问句interrogative sentence一般疑问句general question 特殊疑问句special question选择疑问句alternative question 附加疑问句tag question反义疑问句disjunctive question 修辞疑问句rhetorical question感叹疑问句exclamatory question 存在句existential sentence肯定句positive sentwence 否定句negative sentence祈使句imperative sentence 省略句elliptical sentence感叹句exclamatory sentence 基本句型basic sentence patern句子成分members of sentences主语subject 谓语predicate 宾语object双宾语dual object 直接宾语direct object 间接宾语indirect object复合宾语complex object 同源宾语cognate object 补语complement主补subject complement 宾补object complement 表语predicative定语attribute 同位语appositive 状语adverbial句法关系syntatic relationship并列coordinate 从属subordination 修饰modification前置修饰pre-modification 后置修饰post-modification限制restriction 双重限制double-restriction 非限制non-restriction数number单数形式singular form 复数形式plural form规则形式regular form 不规则形式irregular form格case普通格common case 所有格possessive case主格nominative case 宾格objective case性gender 阳性masculine 阴性feminine 通性common 中性neuter人称person第一人称first person 第二人称second person 第三人称third person时态tense过去将来时past future tense 过去将来进行时past future continuous tense过去将来完成时past future perfect tense 一般现在时present simple tense一般过去时past simple tense 一般将来时future simple tense现在完成时past perfect tense 过去完成时present perfect tense将来完成时future perfect tense 现在进行时present continuous tense过去进行时past continuous tense 将来进行时future continuous tense过去将来进行时past future continuous tense 现在完成进行时present perfect continuous tense 过去完成进行时past perfect continuous tense语态voice主动语态active voice 被动语态passive voice语气mood陈述语气indicative mood 祈使语气imperative mood 虚拟语气subjunctive mood否定negation否定范围scope of negation 全部否定full negation局部否定partial negation 转移否定shift of negation语序order自然语序natural order 倒装语序inversion全部倒装full inversion 部分倒装partial inversion直接引语direct speech 间接引语indirect speech自由直接引语free direct speech 自由间接引语free indirect speech一致agreement主谓一致subject-predicate agreement 语法一致grammatical agreement概念一致notional agreement 就近原则principle of proximity强调emphasis 重复repetition语音pronunciation 语调tone升调rising tone 降调falling tone降升调falling-rising tone文体style正式文体formal 非正式文体informal口语spoken/oral English 套语formulistic expression英国英语British English 美国英语American English用法usage感情色彩emotional coloring 褒义commendatory贬义derogatory 幽默humorous 讽刺sarcastic挖苦ironic。
(完整版)英语语法常用词汇
English grammar terms often used 英语语法常用词语1．Parts of speech 词类noun 名词pronoun 代词numeral 数词adjective 形容词verb 动词adverb副词article 冠词preposition介词conjunction连词interjection感叹词particle 小品词2. Word building 构词法conversion 转化derivation 派生affixation词缀法prefix前缀suffix后缀compound words 合成词3．Classification of nouns 名词的分类common nouns普通名词proper nouns 专有名词individual nouns个体名词collective nouns 集合名词material nouns 物质名词abstract nouns 抽象名词countable nouns 可数名词uncountable nouns不可数名词the singular form 单数形式the plural form 复数形式the common case 普通格the possessive case 所有格the subjective case 主格the objective case 宾格person 人称third person singular 第三人称单数4. Classification of pronouns 代词的分类personal pronouns 人称代词possessive pronouns 物主代词self pronouns 反身代词demonstrative pronouns 指示代词interrogative pronouns 疑问代词conjunctive pronouns 连接代词relative pronouns 关系代词reciprocal pronouns 相互代词indefinite pronouns 不定代词5．数词、形容词、冠词cardinal numerals 基数词ordinal numerals 序数词fractional numerals 分数词the comparative degree 比较级the superlative degree 最高级The definite article 定冠词the indefinite article 不定冠词6．Classification of verbs 动词的分类national verbs 实义动词link-verbs系动词auxiliary verbs助动词modal verbs 情态动词transitive verbs 及物动词intransitive verbs 不及物动词regular verbs 规则动词irregular verbs 不规则动词the present forms 现在式the past forms 过去式the participle 分词the present participle现在分词the past participle 过去分词the infinitive 不定式the gerund 动名词bare infinitive 不带to的不定式7．Tense 时态the present tense 一般现在时the past tense 一般过去时the future tense一般将来时the past future tense一般过去将来时the present continuous现在进行时the past continuous 过去进行时the future continuous 将来进行时the past future continuous过去将来进行时the present perfect 现在完成时the past perfect过去完成时the future perfect 将来完成时the past future perfect 过去将来完成时the present perfect continuous现在完成进行时the future perfect continuous 将来完成进行时the past future perfect continuous 过去将来完成进行时8．Voice 语态、Mood 语气the passive voice 被动语态the active voice 主动语态the indicative mood 陈述语气the imperative mood 祈使语气the subjunctive mood 虚拟语气9．Classification of adverbs 副词的分类adverbs of place 地点副词adverbs of time 时间副词adverbs of degree程度副词adverbs of manner 方式副词adverbs of frequency频度副词relative adverbs 关系副词interrogative adverbs 疑问副词conjunctive adverbs连接副词10．Members of the sentence 句子成分the subject 主语the predicate 谓语the predicative 表语the object 宾语the attribute 定语the adverbial 状语the appositive 同位语independent elements 独立成分the direct object 直接宾语the indirect object 间接宾语parenthesis 插入语the double possessive 双重所有格the formal subject/object 形式主语/宾语subject complement 主语补足语object complement 宾语补足语11．Classification of sentences句子的分类declarative sentences 陈述句imperative sentences 祈使句exclamatory sentences感叹句interrogative sentences 疑问句general questions 一般疑问句special questions 特殊疑问句alternative questions选择疑问句disjunctive questions 反意疑问句tap questions 附加疑问句simple sentences 简单句compound sentences 复合句complex sentences 并列句elliptical sentences 省略句phrase 短语preposition phrases 介词短语infinitive phrases 不定式短语the question word 疑问词12．Clauses 从句main clauses 主句subject clauses 主语从句object clauses宾语从句direct speech 直接引语indirect speech 间接引语predicate clauses 谓语从句predicative clauses 表语从句attributive clauses定语从句restrictive attributive clauses 限定性定语从句the antecedent 先行词non-restrictive attributive clauses 非限定性定语从句appositive clauses同位语从句adverbial clauses状语从句adverbial clauses oftime/ place / cause / condition / degree / result / concession / purpose / comparison /manner 时间/地点/原因/条件/程度/结果/让步/目的/比较/方式状语从句sentences of real condition真实条件句sentences of unreal condition 虚拟条件句natural word-order 自然语序inverted word-order 倒装语序full inversion 完全倒装partial inversion 部分倒装ellipsis 省略transformation of sentences 句型转换analysis of sentences 句子分析13. Punctuation 标点符号period/full stop 句号comma 逗号semicolon分号colon 冒号dash 破折号hyphen连字号brackets 括号question mark 问号quotation marks 引号apostrophe 省略号14．The pronunciation of English 英语发音international phonetic国际音标the sounds of English 英语语音vowels 元音pure vowels 单元音diphthongs 双元音semi-vowel 半元音consonants 辅音nasal 鼻音plosive 爆破音fricative磨擦音affricate 破擦音voiced sounds浊音voiceless 清音length mark 长音符号stress 重读main stress 主重读音节secondary stress 次重读音节unstressed 非重读音节rhythm 节奏intonation 语调 a level pitch 平调rising tune 升调falling tune 降调。
大学英语语法名词总结grammar terms
Grammar terms1.Inflectional Affix 屈折词缀example:-es,-s,-ed,-d,-er,-est2.Derivational Affix派生词缀example:prefix:anti-,co-,un-;suffix:-ion,-ness3.Derivative派生词example:unfair,nonsmokerpound word复合词n. + n. workshop, bookshelf, lifesaver, color-filmpron. + n. she-wolf, he-bear, he-mann. + v. sunrise, sunset, shoplift, power-cutv. + n. scarecrow, telltale, breakfast, turncoata. + n. greenhouse, red-tape, bluebooka. +n. + ed. smooth-tongued, cold-blooded, narrow-minded, high-nosedn. + v. + ed. heart-broken, weather-beaten, home-made, heartfeltn. + v. + ing. peace-keeping, law-abiding, time-saving, truth-telling, fact-findingn. + a. blood-thirsty, ice-free, snow-white, homesicka. + n. high-grade, first-class, long-range, new-type, second-handa. + a. bloody-red, bittersweet, dead-alive, white-hotv. + a. test-wise, failsafe, diehard, talk-bigprep. + n. indoor, overhead, aboveboard, onlinehyphen conj. out-of-door, life-and-death, wait-and-seeadv. + v. to overtake, to uplift, to uproot, to underline, to downplay, to uploadn. + n. to brainstorm, to streamline, to dog-ear, to windsurf, to showcasen. + v. to air-drop, to eavesdrop, to breastfeed, to nose-dive, to masterminda. + v. to safeguard, to whitewash, to blindfold5.Closed class封闭词类介词preposition in,of,on,without代词pronoun you,he,one,which限定词Determiner a,the,this,some连词conjunction and,or,but,because助动词Auxiliary do,can,may,must,willDeterminer限定词definite article，indefinite article,zero article, a,the,/possessive determiner物主限定词my,your,hisgenitive noun名词属格John’s,Bob’sdemonstrative determiner 指示限定词this,thatRelative determiner 关系限定词whose,whichInterrogative determiner 疑问限定词what,whose,whichIndefinite determiner不定限定词no,some,any,everyCardinal numeral基数词&ordinal numeral序数词Multiplicative numeral倍数词& fractional分数词Quantifier量词 a lot of,a great number of6.Open class 开放词类noun,adjective,adverb,main verb7.介于封闭与开放cardinal numbers基数词，ordinal numeral序数词；interjection 感叹词8.Phrase词组Noun phrase(det.)限定词+ (modifier) + Noun + (modifier)a lazy boy still asleep ；the earthquake of Richter magnitude 8Verb phrase Simple VP: Main Verb + (modifier)Complex VP: Auxiliary + Main Verb + (mod.)Example: to pull one’s leg 开某人玩笑；to pull up one’s socks 鼓起勇气Adverb phrase(modifier) + Adverb + (modifier)Example : far away from downtown Chengdu.Adjective phrase(modifier) + Adjective + (compliment)Example: extremely easy; too boring to be enjoyable.Prepositional phrase (modifier) + preposition + complimentExample: easy for operation;powerful in function9.Clause分句 A.independent clause独立分句/Dependent(subordinate) clause 从属分句B.Simple clause/complex clause（有其他主谓成分）C.Main clause 主句/subordinate clause分句D.Finite clause/non-finite clause（以非限定动词词组作谓语动词）10.Sentence句子 A. Full sentence/minor sentenceB.Simple sentencepound sentence并列句example：I don’t agree with you, butI’ll give my life to defend your right of saying it.plex sentence复杂句example:What the teachers told us inschool is not the same as what it is in the society.pound-complex sentence复杂并列句example:We don’t carewhat your say, but what you do.11.Noun Proper noun专用名词Common noun普通名词individual noun个体名词<C.N>;collective noun集体名词<C.N/U.N>;material noun物质名词<U.N>;abstract noun抽象名词<U.N>.12.Pronoun代词 A. Personal pronoun人称代词I,me,youB.Possessive pronoun 物主代词his,mine,hersC.Reflexive pronoun反身代词myself,yourself,ourselvesD.Reciprocal pronoun相互代词each other,one anotherE.Demonstrative pronoun 指示代词this,that,those,theseF.Interrogative pronoun 疑问代词what,who,whoseG.Relative pronoun关系代词who (whom) / that ,which / thatH.Infinitive pronoun不定代词Numeral&Quantifier much,many,lots ofCompound pronoun anything。
常用英语语法术语表 语法 grammar 句法 syntax
常用英语语法术语表语法grammar 句法syntax词法morphology 结构structure 层次rank 句子sentence 从句clause 词组phrase词类part of speech 单词word实词notional word 虚词structrural word 名词noun专有名词proper noun 普通名词common noun 可数名词countable noun 不可数名词uncountable noun 抽象名词abstract noun 具体名词concret moun 物质名词material noun 集体名词collective noun 个体名词individual noun 介词preposition 连词conjunction 动词verb主动词main verb及物动词transitive verb 不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词link verb 助动词auxiliary verb 情态动词modal verb 规则动词regular verb 不规则动词irregular verb 短语动词phrasal verb 限定动词finite verb 非限定动词infinite verb 使役动词causative verb 感官动词verb of senses 动态动词event verb 静态动词state verb 感叹词exclamation 形容词adjective 副词adverb方式副词adverb of manner 程度副词adverb of degree 时间副词adverb of time 地点副词adverb of place 修饰性副词adjunct 连接性副词conjunct疑问副词interogative adverb 关系副词relative adverb代词pronoun人称代词personal pronoun 物主代词possesive pronoun 反身代词reflexive pronoun 相互代词reciprocal pronoun 指示代词demonstrative pronoun 疑问代词interrogative pronoun 关系代词relative pronoun 不定代词indefinite pronoun 物主代词possecive pronoun名词性物主代词nominal possesive prnoun形容词性物主代词adjectival possesive pronoun冠词article定冠词definite article 不定冠词indefinite article数词numeral基数词cardinal numeral 序数词ordinal numeral 分数词fractional numeral形式form单数形式singular form 复数形式plural form 限定动词finite verb form非限定动词non-finite verb form 原形base form从句clause从属句subordinate clause 并列句coordinate clause 名词从句nominal clause定语从句attributive clause 状语从句adverbial clause 宾语从句object clause 主语从句subject clause同位语从句appositive clause时间状语从句adverbial clause of time地点状语从句adverbial clause of place方式状语从句adverbial clause of manner让步状语从句adverbial clause of concession原因状语从句adverbial clause of cause结果状语从句adverbial clause of result目的状语从句adverbial clause of purpose条件状语从句adverbial clause of condition真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of real condition非真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of unreal condition含蓄条件句adverbial clause of implied condition错综条件句adverbial clause of mixed condition句子sentence简单句simple sentence 并列句compound sentence 复合句complex sentence并列复合句compound complex sentence陈述句declarative sentence 疑问句interrogative sentence一般疑问句general question 特殊疑问句special question 选择疑问句alternative question 附加疑问句tag question反义疑问句disjunctive question 修辞疑问句rhetorical question 感叹疑问句exclamatory question存在句existential sentence 肯定句positive sentwence 否定句negative sentence 祈使句imperative sentence 省略句elliptical sentence 感叹句exclamatory sentence 基本句型basic sentence patern句子成分members of sentences 主语subject 谓语predicate 宾语object双宾语dual object 直接宾语direct object 间接宾语indirect object 复合宾语complex object 同源宾语cognate object 补语complement主补subject complement 宾补object complement 表语predicative 定语attribute 同位语appositive 状语adverbial句法关系syntatic relationship 并列coordinate 从属subordination 修饰modification前置修饰pre-modification 后置修饰post-modification 限制restriction双重限制double-restriction 非限制non-restriction数number单数形式singular form 复数形式plural form 规则形式regular form 不规则形式irregular form第2/4页格case普通格common case 所有格possessive case 主格nominative case 宾格objective case性gender阳性masculine 阴性feminine 通性common 中性neuter人称person第一人称first person 第二人称second person 第三人称third person时态tense过去将来时past future tense过去将来进行时past future continuous tense过去将来完成时past future perfect tense一般现在时present simple tense 一般过去时past simple tense 一般将来时future simple tense 现在完成时past perfect tense 过去完成时present perfect tense 将来完成时future perfect tense现在进行时present continuous tense 过去进行时past continuous tense 将来进行时future continuous tense 过去将来进行时past future continuous tense现在完成进行时present perfect continuous tense过去完成进行时past perfect continuous tense 语态voice主动语态active voice 被动语态passive voice语气mood陈述语气indicative mood 祈使语气imperative mood 虚拟语气subjunctive mood否定negation否定范围scope of negation 全部否定full negation 局部否定partial negation 转移否定shift of negation语序order自然语序natural order 倒装语序inversion 全部倒装full inversion 部分倒装partial inversion直接引语direct speech 间接引语indirect speech自由直接引语free direct speech 自由间接引语free indirect speech一致agreement主谓一致subject-predicate agreement 语法一致grammatical agreement 概念一致notional agreement 就近原则principle of proximity强调emphasis 重复repetition 语音pronunciation 语调tone升调rising tone 降调falling tone降升调falling-rising tone文体style正式文体formal 非正式文体informal 口语spoken/oral English 套语formulistic expression 英国英语British English 美国英语American English 用法usage第3/4页感情色彩emotional coloring 挖苦ironic 褒义commendatory 贬义derogatory 幽默humorous 讽刺sarcastic英语教学方法Situational Approach 情景教学法the Audio-Lingual Approach 听说教学法the Audio-visual Approach 视听教学法the Communicative Approach 交际法community language teaching 交际教学法Total Physical Response (TPR) 全身反应法Direct-viewing demonstration teaching method 直观演示法Task-based approach 任务教学法the Feeling Teaching Method 情感教学法Grammar-translation approach 语法翻译法。
通用英语语法术语表GrammaticalTerms
常用英语语法术语表Grammatical Terms 1. 语法grammar句法syntax词法morphology结构structure句子sentence从句clause词组phrase词类part of speech实词notional word虚词structural word单纯词simple word派生词derivative复合词compound词性part of speech名词noun专有名词proper noun普通名词common noun可数名词countable noun不可数名词uncountable noun抽象名词abstract noun具体名词concret noun物质名词material noun集体名词collective noun个体名词individual noun介词preposition连词conjunction动词verb主动词main verb及物动词transitive verb不及物动词intransitive verb系动词link verb助动词auxiliary verb情态动词modal verb规则动词regular verb不规则动词irregular verb短语动词phrasal verb限定动词finite verb非限定动词infinite verb使役动词causative verb感官动词verb of senses动态动词event verb静态动词state verb感叹词exclamation形容词adjective副词adverb方式副词adverb of manner程度副词adverb of degree时间副词adverb of time地点副词adverb of place修饰性副词adjunct连接性副词conjunct疑问副词interogative adverb关系副词relative adverb代词pronoun人称代词personal pronoun物主代词possesive pronoun反身代词reflexive pronoun相互代词reciprocal pronoun指示代词demonstrative pronoun疑问代词interrogative pronoun关系代词relative pronoun不定代词indefinite pronoun物主代词possecive pronoun名词性物主代词nominal possesive prnoun形容词性物主代词adjectival possesive pronoun冠词article定冠词definite article不定冠词indefinite article数词numeral基数词cardinal numeral序数词ordinal numeral分数词fractional numeral形式form单数形式singular form复数形式plural form限定动词finite verb form非限定动词non-finite verb form原形base form2.morphology词法notional实词form word虚词word-building构词法root词根prefix前缀suffix后缀synonym同义词antonym反义词conversion转化法derivation派生法affixation词缀法composition合成法compound复合词parts of speech词类noun名词pronoun代词numeral数词adjective形容词verb动词adverb副词article冠词preposition介词conjunction连词interjection感叹词particle引导词classification of nouns名词的分类common noun普通名词proper noun专有名词collective noun集合名词material noun物质名词abstract noun抽象名词countable noun可数名词personal pronoun人称代词possessive pronoun物主代词reflexive pronoun反身代词demonstrative pronoun指示代词interrogative pronoun疑问代词relative pronoun关系代词indefinite pronoun不定代词reciprocal pronoun相互代词case格nominative case主格objective case宾格possessive case所有格singular form单数形式plural form复数形式cardinal numeral基数词ordinal numeral序数词fraction numeral分数数词degrees of comparison比较级positive degree原级comparative degree比较级superlative degree最高级notional verb实义动词modal verb情态动词link verb连系动词auxiliary verb助动词transitive verb及物动词intransitive verb不及物动词regular verb规则动词irregular verb不规则动词finite verb限定动词non-finite verb非限定动词person人称number数gender性tense时态voice语态mood语气principal forms of verbs动词的主要形式present form现在形式past form过去形式participle分词present participle现在分词past participle过去分词infinitive不定式gerund动名词verbal noun动名词simple present tense一般现在时simple past tense一般过去时simple future tense一般将来时present continuous tense现在进行时past continuous tense过去进行时future continuous tense将来进行时past perfect tense过去完成时future perfect tense将来完成时present perfect continuous tense现在完成进行时future perfect continuous tense将来完成进行时sequence of tenses时态的呼应passive voice被动语态active voice主动语态indicative mood陈述语气imperative mood祈使语气subjunctive mood虚拟语气adverb of time 时间副词adverb of place地点副词adverb of manner方式副词adverb of degree程度副词adverb of frequency频度副词conjunctive adverb连接副词definite article定冠词indefinite article不定冠词coordinating conjunction并列连词subordinating conjunction从属连词syntax句法declarative sentence陈述句imperative sentence祈使句exclamatory sentence感叹句interrogative sentence疑问句general question一般疑问句special question特殊疑问句alternative question选择疑问句disjunctive question反意疑问句simple sentence简单句compound sentence并列句语法术语Grammar Terms 语法grammar句法syntax词法morphology结构structure句子sentence从句clause词组phrase词类part of speech实词notional word虚词structural word名词noun专有名词proper noun普通名词common noun可数名词countable noun不可数名词uncountable noun抽象名词abstract noun具体名词concrete noun物质名词material noun集体名词collective noun个体名词individual noun介词preposition连词conjunction动词verb主动词main verb及物动词transitive verb不及物动词intransitive verb系动词link verb助动词auxiliary verb情态动词modal verb规则动词regular verb不规则动词irregular verb短语动词phrasal verb限定动词finite verb非限定动词infinite verb使役动词causative verb感官动词verb of senses动态动词event verb静态动词state verb感叹词exclamation形容词adjective副词adverb方式副词adverb of manner程度副词adverb of degree时间副词adverb of time地点副词adverb of place修饰性副词adjunct连接性副词conjunct疑问副词interrogative adverb关系副词relative adverb代词pronoun人称代词personal pronoun物主代词possessive pronoun反身代词reflexive pronoun相互代词reciprocal pronoun指示代词demonstrative pronoun疑问代词interrogative pronoun关系代词relative pronoun不定代词indefinite pronoun名词性物主代词nominal possessive pronoun形容词性物主代词adjectival possessive pronoun冠词article定冠词definite article不定冠词indefinite article数词numeral基数词cardinal numeral序数词ordinal numeral分数词fractional numeral形式form单数形式singular form复数形式plural form限定动词finite verb form非限定动词non-finite verb form原形base form从句clause从属句subordinate clause并列句coordinate clause名词从句nominal clause定语从句attributive clause状语从句adverbial clause宾语从句object clause主语从句subject clause同位语从句appositive clause时间状语从句adverbial clause of time地点状语从句adverbial clause of place方式状语从句adverbial clause of manner让步状语从句adverbial clause of concession原因状语从句adverbial clause of cause结果状语从句adverbial clause of result目的状语从句adverbial clause of purpose条件状语从句adverbial clause of condition真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of real condition非真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of unreal condition 含蓄条件句adverbial clause of implied condition错综条件句adverbial clause of mixed condition句子sentence简单句simple sentence并列句compound sentence复合句complex sentence并列复合句compound complex sentence陈述句declarative sentence疑问句interrogative sentence一般疑问句general question特殊疑问句special question选择疑问句alternative question附加疑问句tag question反义疑问句disjunctive question修辞疑问句rhetorical question感叹疑问句exclamatory question存在句existential sentence肯定句positive sentence否定句negative sentence祈使句imperative sentence省略句elliptical sentence感叹句exclamatory sentence基本句型basic sentence pattern句子成分members of sentences主语subject谓语predicate宾语object双宾语dual object直接宾语direct object间接宾语indirect object复合宾语complex object同源宾语cognate object补语complement主补subject complement宾补object complement表语predicative定语attribute同位语appositive状语adverbial句法关系syntactic relationship并列coordinate从属subordination修饰modification前置修饰pre-modification后置修饰post-modification限制restriction双重限制double-restriction非限制non-restriction数number单数形式singular form复数形式plural form规则形式regular form不规则形式irregular form格case普通格common case所有格possessive case主格nominative case宾格objective case性gender阳性masculine阴性feminine通性common中性neuter人称person第一人称first person第二人称second person第三人称third person时态tense过去将来时past future tense过去将来进行时past future continuous tense过去将来完成时past future perfect tense一般现在时present simple tense一般过去时past simple tense一般将来时future simple tense现在完成时past perfect tense过去完成时present perfect tense将来完成时future perfect tense现在进行时present continuous tense过去进行时past continuous tense将来进行时future continuous tense过去将来进行时past future continuous tense现在完成进行时present perfect continuous tense 过去完成进行时past perfect continuous tense语态voice主动语态active voice被动语态passive voice语气mood陈述语气indicative mood祈使语气imperative mood虚拟语气subjunctive mood否定negation否定范围scope of negation全部否定full negation局部否定partial negation转移否定shift of negation语序order自然语序natural order倒装语序inversion全部倒装full inversion部分倒装partial inversion直接引语direct speech间接引语indirect speech自由直接引语free direct speech自由间接引语free indirect speech一致agreement主谓一致subject-predicate agreement 语法一致grammatical agreement概念一致notional agreement就近原则principle of proximity强调emphasis重复repetition语音pronunciation语调tone升调rising tone降调falling tone降升调falling-rising tone文体style正式文体formal非正式文体informal口语spoken/oral English感情色彩emotional coloring褒义commendatory贬义derogatory幽默humorous讽刺sarcastic挖苦ironic。
(完整版)英语语法常用词汇
English grammar terms often used英语语法常用词语1．Parts of speech noun 名词verb动词conjunction 连词词类pronoun 代词adverb 副词interjection 惋惜词numeral 数词article冠词particle 小品词adjective 形容词preposition介词2. Word building conversion 转变suffix 后缀构词法derivation派生compound words 合成词affixation词缀法prefix前缀3． Classification of nouns名词的分类common nouns一般名词individual nouns 个体名词material nouns 物质名词countable nouns 可数名词the singular form 单数形式the common case一般格the subjective case主格person 人称proper nouns 专有名词collective nouns 会集名词abstract nouns 抽象名词uncountable nouns不可以数名词the plural form 复数形式the possessive case所有格the objective case 宾格third person singular 第三人称单数4. Classification of pronouns代词的分类personal pronouns 人称代词self pronouns 反身代词interrogative pronouns 疑问代词relative pronouns 关系代词indefinite pronouns 不定代词possessive pronouns物主代词demonstrative pronouns 指示代词conjunctive pronouns 连接代词reciprocal pronouns 相互代词5．数词、形容词、冠词cardinal numerals 基数词fractional numerals 分数词the superlative degree最高等the indefinite article不定冠词ordinal numerals 序数词the comparative degree比较级The definite article 定冠词6．Classification of verbs动词的分类national verbs 实义动词auxiliary verbs 助动词transitive verbs 及物动词regular verbs 规则动词the present forms 现在式the participle 分词the past participle 过去分词the gerund 动名词link-verbs 系动词modal verbs神情动词intransitive verbs 不及物动词irregular verbs 不规则动词the past forms 过去式the present participle现在分词the infinitive 不定式bare infinitive 不带 to 的不定式7．Tense 时态the present tense一般现在时the future tense一般将来时the present continuous现在进行时the future continuous 将来进行时the present perfect 现在完成时the future perfect 将来完成时the past tense 一般过去时the past future tense一般过去将来时the past continuous 过去进行时the past future continuous过去将来进行时the past perfect过去完成时the past future perfect 过去将来完成时the present perfect continuous现在完成进行时the future perfect continuous 将来完成进行时the past future perfect continuous 过去将来完成进行时8．Voice 语态、 Mood 语气the passive voice 被动语态the indicative mood 陈述语气the subjunctive mood 虚假语气the active voice 主动语态the imperative mood 祈使语气9．Classification of adverbs副词的分类adverbs of place 地点副词adverbs of time 时间副词adverbs of degree程度副词adverbs of manner 方式副词adverbs of frequency频度副词relative adverbs 关系副词interrogative adverbs 疑问副词conjunctive adverbs连接副词10． Members of the sentence 句子成分the subject 主语the predicate 谓语the predicative 表语the object the attribute 定语the adverbial 状语the appositive 同位语independent elements独立成分the direct object 直接宾语the indirect object 间接宾语parenthesis 插入语the double possessive 双重所有格the formal subject/object 形式主语subject complement 主语补足语object complement宾语补足语宾语/宾语11． Classification of sentences句子的分类declarative sentences陈述句exclamatory sentences惋惜句general questions 一般疑问句alternative questions选择疑问句 tap questions 附加疑问句compound sentences复合句elliptical sentences 省略句infinitive phrases 不定式短语imperative sentences 祈使句interrogative sentences 疑问句special questions 特别疑问句disjunctive questions 反意疑问句simple sentences简单句complex sentences并列句phrase 短语preposition phrases 介词短语the question word 疑问词12．Clauses 从句 mainclauses 主句 object clauses宾语从句subject clauses 主语从句direct speech 直接引语indirect speech 间接引语predicate clauses谓语从句predicative clauses 表语从句attributive clauses定语从句restrictive attributive clauses 限定性定语从句the antecedent 先行词non-restrictive attributive clauses 非限制性定语从句appositive clauses同位语从句adverbial clauses状语从句adverbial clauses oftime/ place / cause / condition / degree/ result / concession / purpose / comparison /manner 时间 / 地点 / 原因 / 条件 / 程度 / 结果 / 退步 / 目的 / 比较 / 方式状语从句sentences of real condition 真实条件句sentences of unreal condition 虚假条件句natural word-order 自然语序inverted word-order 倒装语序full inversion 完满倒装partial inversion 部分倒装ellipsis 省略transformation of sentences句型变换analysis of sentences句子解析13. Punctuation标点符号period/full stop 句号comma逗号semicolon 分号colon 冒号dash 破折号hyphen 连字号brackets 括号question mark问号quotation marks引号apostrophe 省略号14．The pronunciation of English英语发音international phonetic 国际音标the sounds of English 英语语音vowels 元音pure vowels 单元音diphthongs 双元音semi-vowel 半元音consonants 辅音nasal 鼻音plosive 爆破音fricative 磨擦音affricate 破擦音voiced sounds浊音voiceless 清音length mark 长音符号stress 重读main stress 主重读音节secondary stress次重读音节unstressed 非重读音节rhythm 节奏rising tune 升调intonationfalling tune语调降调a level pitch平调。
grammer-高中英语语法总结-部分
代词的分类人称代词Personal Pronouns物主代词Possessive Pronouns反身代词Self Pronouns不定代词Indefinite Pronouns指示代词Demonstrative Pronouns疑问代词Interrogative Pronouns人称代词Personal Pronouns数单数复数人称一二三一二三主格I you he she it we you they宾格me you him her it us your them1.人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格* They all like him very much.他们都很喜欢他。
* She gave the books to you and me.这些书是她送给你和我的。
2.人称代词在作表语时，用宾格* Who’s knocking at the door?–It’s me.谁敲门？-是我。
3. 人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为“第二人称，第三人称，第一人称”* You, she and I all enjoy the music.你我她都喜欢音乐。
4.she可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等* We love our motherland, we hope she’ll be stronger and bigger.我们热爱我们的祖国,我们希望她更强大。
* The ship is leaving. She’s on her first trip to Boston.轮船要起航了。
这是她第一次去波士顿。
5.it作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等* What’ the weather like today?–It’s windy.今天的天气怎么样？- 有风。
* It’s about five minutes’ walk from home to school.从家到学校的路程大约5分钟6.it可作为形式主语，将不定式、动名词等构成的主语后移，使句子显得平稳* It’s hard to reach the apples.很难够到苹果。
常用英语语法术语表Grammatical Terms
学习好资料欢迎下载常用英语语法术语表Grammatical Terms1.语法 grammar2.句法 syntax3.词法 morphology4.结构 structure5.层次 rank6.构词法word-building7.句子 sentence8.从句 clause9.词组 phrase10.词类 part of speech11.单词 word12.实词 notional word13.虚词 structural word14.单纯词simple word15.派生词derivative16.复合词compound17.词性part of speech18.名词noun19.代词pronoun20.数词numeral21.形容词adjective22.动词verb23.副词adverb24.冠词article25.介词preposition26.连词conjunction27.感叹词interjection28.名词 noun 29.专有名词 proper noun30.普通名词 common noun31.可数名词 countable noun32.不可数名词 uncountable noun33.抽象名词 abstract noun34.具体名词 concret noun35.物质名词 material noun36.集体名词 collective noun37.个体名词 individual noun38.动词 verb39.主动词 main verb40.及物动词 transitive verb41.不及物动词 intransitive verb42.系动词 link verb43.助动词 auxiliary verb44.实义动词notional verb45.情态动词 modal verb46.规则动词 regular verb47.不规则动词 irregular verb48.短语动词 phrasal verb49.限定动词 finite verb50.非限定动词 infinite verb51.使役动词 causative verb52.感官动词 verb of senses53.动态动词 event verb54.静态动词 state verb55.方式副词 adverb of manner56.程度副词 adverb of degree57.时间副词 adverb of time58.地点副词 adverb of place59.修饰性副词 adjunct60.连接副词 conjunctive adverb61.疑问副词 interrogative adverb62.关系副词 relative adverb63.人称代词 personal pronoun64.物主代词 possesive pronoun65.名词性物主代词nominal possessivepronoun66.形容词性物主代词 adjectival possessivepronoun67.反身代词 reflexive pronoun68.相互代词 reciprocal pronoun69.指示代词 demonstrative pronoun70.疑问代词 interrogative pronoun71.关系代词 relative pronoun72.不定代词 indefinite pronoun73.冠词 article74.定冠词 definite article75.不定冠词 indefinite article76.数词 numeral77.基数词 cardinal numeral78.序数词 ordinal numeral79.分数词 fractional numeral80.形式 form81.单数形式 singular form82.复数形式 plural form83.原形 base form84.词根root 85.前缀prefix86.后缀suffix87.同义词synonym88.反义词antonym89.转化法conversion90.派生法derivation91.词缀法affixation92.合成法composition93.复合词compound94.引导词particle95.名词的分类classification of nouns96.格case97.主格nominative case98.宾格objective case99.所有格possessive case100.比较级degrees of comparison101.原级positive degree102.比较级comparative degree103.最高级superlative degree104.助动词auxiliary verb105.及物动词transitive verb106.不及物动词intransitive verb107.规则动词regular verb108.不规则动词irregular verb109.限定动词finite verb110.非限定动词non-finite verb111.人称person112.数number113.性gender114.时态tense115.语态voice116.语气mood117.动词的主要形式principal forms of verbs118.现在形式present form119.过去形式past form120.分词participle121.现在分词present participle122.过去分词past participle123.不定式infinitive124.动名词gerund125.动名词verbal noun126.一般现在时simple present tense127.一般过去时simple past tense128.一般将来时simple future tense129.现在进行时present continuous tense130.过去进行时past continuous tense131.将来进行时future continuous tense132.过去完成时past perfect tense133.将来完成时future perfect tense134.现在完成进行时present perfect continuous tense135.将来完成进行时future perfect continuous tense136.时态的呼应sequence of tenses137.被动语态passive voice138.主动语态active voice139.陈述语气indicative mood140.祈使语气imperative mood141.虚拟语气subjunctive mood142.频度副词adverb of frequency 143.连接副词conjunctive adverb144.定冠词definite article145.不定冠词indefinite article146.并列连词coordinating conjunction 147.从属连词subordinating conjunction 148.句法syntax149.陈述句declarative sentence150.祈使句imperative sentence151.感叹句exclamatory sentence152.疑问句interrogative sentence 153.一般疑问句general question154.特殊疑问句special question155.选择疑问句alternative question 156.反意疑问句disjunctive question 157.简单句simple sentence158.并列句compound sentence159.。
Grammatical_Terms_语法术语
Grammatical T erms 语法术语Subject complement 主语补足语Object complement 宾语补足语Subjunctive mood 虚拟语气Absolute construction 独立结构Double negation 双重否定Synonym 同义词Antonym 反义词Inversion 倒装Direct speech 直接引语Indirect speech 间接引语Subject 主语Formal subject 形式主语Real subject 真正主语Object 宾语Predicate 谓语Predicative 表语Affix 词缀Prefix 前缀Suffix 后缀Ellipsis 省略Elliptical sentence 省略句Relative / Attributive clause 定语从句Adverbial clause 状语从句Adverbial clause of cause 原因状语分句Adverbial clause of concession 让步状语分句Adverbial clause of condition 条件状语分句Adverbial clause of manner 方式状语分句Adverbial clause of place 地点状语分句Adverbial clause of purpose 目的状语分句Adverbial clause of result 结果状语分句Adverbial clause of time 时间状语分句Appositive clause 同位语Cleft sentence 分裂句/ 强调句Rhetorical device 修辞手法Parallel construction 平行结构Personification 拟人Metaphor 隐喻/ 暗喻Infinitive 不定式Active sentence 主动句Active voice 主动态Passive sentence 被动句Passive voice 被动态Noun 名词Collective noun 集合名词Countable noun 可数名词Uncountable noun 不可数名词Proper noun 专有名词V erb 动词Transitive verb 及物动词Intransitive verb 不及物动词Auxiliary verb 助动词Adjective 形容词Adverb 副词Adverb of degree 程度副词Adverb of frequency 频度副词Adverb of manner 方式副词Adverb of place 地点副词Adverb of time 时间副词Preposition 介词Conjunction 连词Article 冠词Pronoun 代词Base form 原形Imperative sentence 祈使句Comparative degree 比较级Superlative degree 最高级Present participle 现在分词Past participle 过去分词Tense 时态Topic sentence 主题句Transitional word / phrase 过渡词语Word order 词序。
Grammar Term语法相关术语
eg: "You can have something healthy but you can't have more junk food."
concord 一致
appositive同位语
noun phrasethat re-identifies or describes its neighbouring noun
eg: "Canada,a multicultural country, is recognized by its maple leaf flag."
eg: "He shouldcome", "I canswim"
base form基础形式
basic form of a verb before conjugation into tenses etc
eg:be,speak
case
form of a pronoun based on its relationship to other words in the sentence; case can besubjective,objectiveorpossessive
article冠词
determinerthat introduces anoun phraseas definite (the) or indefinite (a/an)
aspect方面
feature of some verb forms that relates to duration or completion of time;verbs can have no aspect (simple), or can havecontinuousor progressive aspect (expressing duration), or haveperfector perfective aspect (expressing completion)
Glossary of English Grammar Terms (英文文法术语表)
Glossary of English Grammar Terms (英文文法术语表)Active Voice 主动句In the active voice, the subject of the verb does the action.eg Cats eat fish.active subject verb objectCats eat fish.Adjective 形容词A word like big, red, easy, French etc. An adjective describes a noun or pronoun.-用来修饰名词，如great(伟大的)，honest(诚实的)，difficult(困难的)。
Adverb 副词A word like slowly, quietly, well, often etc. An adverb modifies a verb.-是修饰动词、形容词和副词的词，如quickly(快)，often(经常)，very(很)。
Article 冠词The "indefinite" articles are a and an. The "definite article" is the.-说明名词所指的人或物的词，如a，an(一个)，the(这，那)。
Auxiliary Verb 助动词A verb that is used with a main verb. Be, do and have are auxiliary verbs. Can, may, must etc are modal auxiliary verbs.比如：I am a boy. "am"就是the verb 'to be'的一种。
Clause 字句A group of words containing a subject and its verb (for example: It was late when he arrived).Conjunction 连接词A word used to connect words, phrases and clauses (for example: and, but, if).-是连接词、短语、从句和句子的词，如and(和)，because(因为)，if(假如)。
英语中常见的语法术语
英语中常见的语法术语Common Grammar Terms in English.English, as a rich and diverse language, is known for its intricate grammar rules and terminologies. These terms help us understand and communicate more effectively. Here, we will explore some of the commonly used grammar terms in English.1. Noun: A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. For example, "cat," "book," "Paris," and "happiness" are all nouns.2. Verb: Verbs express actions or states of being. They are often the most important part of a sentence, expressing what is happening or what the subject of the sentence is doing. For instance, "run," "sing," "is," and "exists" are verbs.3. Adjective: Adjectives describe or modify nouns,indicating their qualities, size, age, shape, color, or origin. For instance, in the sentence "She has a beautiful red dress," "beautiful" and "red" are adjectives modifying the noun "dress."4. Adverb: Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, telling how, when, where, or to what degree something happens. For instance, in the sentence "She sings beautifully," "beautifully" is an adverb modifying the verb "sings."5. Pronoun: Pronouns replace nouns to avoid repetition. They can refer to people, places, things, or ideas. For example, "he," "she," "they," "it," "which," and "whom" are pronouns.6. Preposition: Prepositions show the relationship between a noun or pronoun and another word in a sentence. They indicate direction, position, time, or manner. For instance, in the sentence "The cat is sitting on the mat," "on" is a preposition.7. Conjunction: Conjunctions are words that connect words, phrases, or clauses together. They can be coordinating (e.g., "and," "but," "or") or subordinating (e.g., "because," "although," "until").8. Interjection: Interjections are words that express strong feelings or emotions, such as surprise, joy, anger, or pain. They are usually placed at the beginning of a sentence and can stand alone. For example, "Wow!" or "Oh no!" are interjections.9. Sentence: A sentence is a complete thought that expresses a statement, question, command, or exclamation. It begins with a capital letter and ends with a period, question mark, or exclamation mark.10. Clause: A clause is a group of words that containsa subject and a verb and can stand alone as a complete thought. Independent clauses can form complete sentences, while dependent clauses cannot and need to be connected to an independent clause to form a complete sentence.11. Tense: Tense refers to the time when an action or state of being occurs. There are three basic tenses in English: present, past, and future. Each tense has its own forms and uses.12. Voice: Voice refers to whether the subject of a verb is performing the action (active voice) or receiving the action (passive voice). For example, in the sentence "The cat chased the mouse," the active voice is used, while in the sentence "The mouse was chased by the cat," the passive voice is used.13. Syntax: Syntax refers to the rules and patternsthat govern how words are combined to form sentences. It involves the arrangement of words, phrases, and clauses to create grammatically correct and meaningful sentences.These are just some of the basic grammar terms in English. Mastering these terms and understanding their functions in sentences is essential for effective communication and writing. With practice and exposure, onecan become more proficient in using these terms correctly and fluently.。
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form of an adjective or adverb made with "-er" or "more" that is used to show differences or similarities between two things (not three or more things)
eg: "Could youBRINGmyGLASSESbecause I'veLEFTthem atHOME"
continuous连续的（进行时）
(also called "progressive")
verb form (specifically anaspect) indicating actions that are in progress or continuing over a given time period (can be past, present or future); formed with "BE" + "VERB-ing"
appositive同位语
noun phrasethat re-identifies or describes its neighbouring noun
eg: "Canada,a multicultural country, is recognized by its maple leaf flag."
eg: I walk, you walk, he/she/it walks, we walk, they walk; I walked, you walked, he/she/it walked, we walked, they walked
conjunction连词
word that joins or connects two parts of a sentence
agreement 一致
(also known as "concord")
logical (in a grammatical sense) links between words based ontense,caseornumber
eg: this phone, these phones
antecedent先行词
another term foragreement
conditional条件
structure in English where one action depends on another ("if-then" or "then-if" structure); most common are1st,2nd, and 3rd conditionals
Grammar Terms
A glossary of English grammatical and linguistic terms, with definitions, explanations and example sentences.
Term
Definition
active voice主动语态
one of twovoicesin English; a direct form of expression where the subject performs or "acts" the verb; see alsopassive voice（反义词）
eg: "Many peopleeatrice"
sentence with at least twoindependent clauses; usually joined by a conjunction
eg: "You can have something healthy but you can't have more junk food."
concord 一致
eg: oneapple, threepens, tentrees
dangling participle 垂悬分词
eg: "Ilove this dog", "This dog lovesme", "This ismydog"
causative verb 使役动词
verb that causes things to happen such as "make", "get" and "have"; the subject does not perform the action but is indirectly responsible for it
adjective形容词
part of speechthat typically describes or "modifies" a noun
eg: "It was abigdog."
adjective clause 定语从句
seldom-used term forrelative clause关系从句;I canswim"
base form基础形式
basic form of a verb before conjugation into tenses etc
eg:be,speak
case
form of a pronoun based on its relationship to other words in the sentence; case can besubjective,objectiveorpossessive
noun that is made up of more than one word; can be one word, or hyphenated, or separated by a space
eg: toothbrush, mother-in-law, Christmas Day
compound sentence 并列句
eg:Although we are getting older, we grow more beautiful each day.
affirmative 肯定
statement that expresses (or claims to express) a truth or "yes" meaning; opposite ofnegative（否定）
word, phrase or clause that is replaced by a pronoun (or other substitute) when mentioned subsequently (in the same sentence or later)
eg: "Emilyis nice because she brings me flowers."
bare infinitive 原形
unmarked form of the verb (no indication of tense, mood, person, or aspect) without the particle "to"; typically used after modal auxiliary verbs; see alsoinfinitive
article冠词
determinerthat introduces anoun phraseas definite (the) or indefinite (a/an)
aspect方面
feature of some verb forms that relates to duration or completion of time;verbs can have no aspect (simple), or can havecontinuousor progressive aspect (expressing duration), or haveperfector perfective aspect (expressing completion)
eg:"If I win I will be happy", "I would be happy if I won"
conjugate同源词
to show the different forms of a verb according tovoice,mood,tense,numberandperson; conjugation is quite simple in English compared to many other languages
auxiliary verb助动词
(also called "helping verb")
verb used with themain verbto help indicate something such as tense or voice
eg: Idonot like you. Shehasfinished. Hecanswim.
eg: The sun is hot.
affix 附加词
language unit (morpheme) that occurs before or after (or sometimes within) the root or stem of a word
eg:
un-in unhappy (prefix前缀),-nessin happiness (suffix后缀)
eg:colder,more quickly