美国文学简史(第三版)复习资料常耀信
常耀信《美国文学简史》（第3版）【章节题库（含名校考研真题）】（第24章二战后美国小说（2））【圣
常耀信《美国文学简史》（第3版）【章节题库（含名校考研真题）】（第24章二战后美国小说（2））【圣第24章二战后美国小说（2）I.Fill in the blanks.1._____by Joseph Heller is the representative novel of black humor.（南开大学2008研）【答案】Catch-22【解析】《第二十二条军规》是约瑟夫·海勒的著名小说，也是黑色幽默的代表作。
2.A great postmodern writer,_____became the cult figure of the counterculture generation at that time,known as“a gum for the youth”in supporting the students in their anti-war movements.【答案】Kurt Vonnegut【解析】在上世纪60—70年代的美国大学里，年轻学生们常常把库尔特·冯内古特的书揣在牛仔裤兜里，他让前卫小说变得好读、有趣，成为美国黑色幽默文学代表人物。
II.Multiple Choice1.William Burroughs and Jack Kerouac belong to_____.A.the Confessional SchoolB.the Black Mountain PoetsC.novelists of absurdityD.the Beat Writers【答案】D【解析】美国作家威廉·巴勒斯（William Burroughs）与艾伦·金斯堡（Allen Ginsberg）及杰克·凯鲁亚克（Jack Kerouac）同为“垮掉的一代”文学运动的创始者。
2.Which beat-poet wrote the work On the Road?A.Allen Ginsberg.B.Jack Kerouac.C.William Burroughs.D.Charles Bukowski.【答案】B【解析】《在路上》是“垮掉的一代”作家杰克·凯鲁亚克的代表作。
常耀信《美国文学简史》(第3版)配套题库【章节题库(含名校考研真题)+模拟试题】
目录第一部分章节题库（含名校考研真题） (5)第1章殖民地时期的美国 (5)第2章爱德华兹•富兰克林•克里夫古尔 (12)第3章美国浪漫主义•欧文•库柏 (17)第4章新英格兰超验主义•爱默生•梭罗 (25)第5章霍桑•麦尔维尔 (33)第6章惠特曼•狄金森 (42)第7章埃德加•爱伦•坡 (51)第8章现实主义时期•豪威尔•詹姆斯 (55)第9章地方色彩小说•马克.吐温 (63)第10章美国自然主义•克兰•诺里斯•德莱赛•罗宾森 (69)第11章20世纪20年代•意象派•庞德 (78)第12章艾略特•史蒂文斯•威廉斯 (82)第13章弗罗斯特•桑德堡•卡明斯•哈特•克兰•穆尔 (90)第14章菲茨杰拉德•海明威 (96)第15章南方文艺复兴•威廉姆•福克纳 (106)第16章安德森•斯坦•刘易斯•凯瑟•沃尔夫 (114)第17章20世纪30年代•多斯•帕索斯•斯坦贝克 (118)第18章波特•韦尔蒂•麦卡勒斯•韦斯特•新批评 (121)第19章美国戏剧 (123)第20章二战后诗歌•20世纪40年代的诗人 (128)第21章自白派•垮掉的一代 (129)第22章纽约派诗人•沉思型诗歌•黑山派诗人 (131)第23章二战后美国小说（1） (132)第24章二战后美国小说（2） (135)第25章多种族文学（1） (139)第26章多种族文学（2） (145)第二部分模拟试题 (147)第1章常耀信《美国文学简史》（第3版）模拟试题及详解（一） (147)第2章常耀信《美国文学简史》（第3版）模拟试题及详解（二） (154)第一部分章节题库（含名校考研真题）第1章殖民地时期的美国I. Fill in the blanks.1. Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety, these were the _____ values that dominated much of the early American writing.【答案】Puritan【解析】清教主义，起源于英国，在北美殖民地得以实践与发展。
常耀信《美国文学简史》第3版教材下载及练习题库
常耀信《美国文学简史》第3版教材下载及练习题库常耀信《美国文学简史》（第3版）网授精讲班【教材精讲＋考研真题串讲】目录常耀信《美国文学简史》（第3版）网授精讲班【共30课时】电子书（题库）•常耀信《美国文学简史》（第3版）配套题库【考研真题精选＋章节题库】•常耀信《美国文学简史》（第3版）笔记和考研真题详解•试看部分内容考研真题精选一、填空题1. As an Am e ri c an po e t o f n ature, _______(1874—1963)h ad o b vi o u s aff i n i ti e s wi th rom an ti c wri te r s, n o tab l yW o rdswo rth an d Em e rso n. He saw n atu re as a sto re h ouse of an alogy and symbol, bu t he had little f aith in re l i gi o u s do gm a o r s pe cu l a ti v e th o u gh t.[暨南大学2017研]【答案】Robert Frost查看答案【解析】罗伯特·弗罗斯特被誉为美国非官方的“桂冠诗人”，代表作有诗集《少年的意志》（1913）、《波士顿以北》（191 4）。
其诗歌多以新英格兰为背景，取材于普通人的日常生活，以自然为主要内容，诗歌中充满着机敏与智慧，平静与和谐。
2. A ve ry influ e nti al no vel in the 1960s Ame ri ca i s S al inger’s _____ which relates the painful story of a high -school boy growing up in the w orld of decade nt New York. [北科大2011研]【答案】The Catcher in the Rye查看答案【解析】塞林格的代表作《麦田里的守望者》的故事的起止局限于16岁的中学生霍尔顿·考尔菲德从离开学校到纽约游荡的三天时间内，并借鉴了意识流天马行空的写作方法，充分探索了一个十几岁少年的内心世界。
常耀信《美国文学简史》(第3版)笔记和考研真题详解(21-26章)【圣才出品】
第21章自白派•垮掉的一代21.1复习笔记I.The Confessional School（自白派）The term is usually used to certain poets of the United States from the late1950s to the late 1960s.In a broad way,the poetry of this group of poets share common features such as a ruthless, excruciating self-analysis of one’s own background and heritage,one’s own most private desires and fantasies etc.,and the urgent“I’ll-tell-it-all-to-you”impulse.In a sense,it is Lowell who gave the Confessional poetry a new life and a new level of popularity with his ruthless self-dissection. Representatives of the Confessional are School Robert Lowell,Anne Sexton,Sylvia Plath.这一术语用来指20世界50年代末到60年代末的一些美国诗人。
广义上讲，这些诗人的诗歌具有以下共同特点，如对自己的背景和传统，自己的隐私、欲望和幻想等进行无情的、令人痛苦的自我分析，以及一种急切的“我将告诉你一切”的冲动。
从某种程度上讲，洛威尔用他无情的自我剖析使自白诗获得新生也使其成为新时尚。
自白派代表人物是罗伯特·洛威尔、安妮·塞克斯顿、西尔维娅·普拉斯。
常耀信《美国文学简史》(第3版)笔记和考研真题详解(5-8章)【圣才出品】
第5章霍桑•麦尔维尔5.1复习笔记I.Nathaniel Hawthorne(1804-1864)（纳撒尼尔·霍桑）1.Life（生平）Hawthorne was born in Salem,Massachusetts.Some of his ancestors were men of prominence in the Puritan theocracy.One of his ancestors was a colonial magistrate,notorious for his part in the persecution of the Quakers,and another was a judge at the Salem Witchcraft Trial in1692.Gradually,the family fortune declined.Hawthorn was intensely conscious of the wrongdoing of his ancestors,and this awareness led to his understanding of evil being at the core of human life,so he seemed to be haunted by his sense of sin and evil in his life.霍桑出生于马萨诸塞州的萨勒姆镇，他的一些祖先是17世纪新英格兰清教神权统治中的显赫人物。
他的一位祖先是殖民地行政官，因参与迫害贵格党人而臭名昭著。
另一位祖先则是1692年萨勒姆审巫案的法官。
家族渐渐走向没落。
霍桑强烈地意识到他祖先的恶性，这也让他明白了邪恶存在于人生命的核心部分，因此他的一生心中的罪恶感都挥之不去。
2.Ideas（思想）(1)He was haunted by his sense of sin and evil in life,therefore we see“black vision”in his works—the power of blackness.Evil seems to be man’s birthmark.In almost every book he wrote, Hawthorne discussed sin and evil.(2)He rejected the Transcendentalists'transparent optimism about the potentialities of human nature.(3)Whenever there is sin,there is punishment.Sin or evil can be passed from generation to generation.In his opinion,evil educates.(4)He believed that romance was the predestined form of American narrative.He took a great interest in history and antiquity.To him these furnished the soil on which his mind grew to fruition.(5)Hawthorne had a negative attitude toward science.(1)霍桑一生心中都萦绕着罪恶感，因此我们可以在他的作品中感受到“黑色视觉”——邪恶的力量。
美国文学简史第三版复习资料常耀信
美国文学作者作品Edwards:爱德华兹TheFreedomoftheWill《论意志自由》GreatDoctrineofOriginalSinDefended《论原罪》TheNatureofTrueVirtue《论真实德行的本原》名篇：PersonalNarrative«自述》SinnersinthehandsofanAngryGod《愤怒上帝手中之罪》BenjaminFranklin:本杰明富兰克林PoorRichardsAlmanac《穷理查德年历》Autobiography«自传》WashingtonIrving:华盛顿•欧文AHistoryofNewYork《纽约外传》TheSketchBook《见文札记》名篇：RipVanWinkle《瑞普•温・凡克尔》TheLegendofSleepyHollow《睡谷传奇》JamesFenimoreCooper:詹姆斯•费尼莫尔•库柏LeatherstockingTales《皮袜子故事集》ThePioneer《拓荒者》ThePrairie《大草原》TheLastofMohicans《最后的莫希干人》ThePathfinder《探路人》TheDeerslayer《猎鹿者》RalphWaldoEmerson:拉尔夫•沃尔多•爱默生Nature《论自然》Self-Reliance《论自立》Essays《随笔集》名篇：TheAmericanScholar 《美国学者》（hasbeenregardedas AmericanDeclarationofIntellectualIndependence”被誉为美国思想的独立宣言）ThePoetHenryDavidThoreau:亨利•戴维•梭罗Walden《瓦尔登湖》NathanielHawthorne:纳撒尼尔•霍桑TheScarletLetter《红字》TheHouseoftheSevenGables《七个尖角阁的房子》MossesfromanOldManse《古厦青苔》TheBlithedaleRomance《福谷传奇》TheMarbleFaun《玉石神像》EthanBrand《伊桑布兰德》YoungGoodmanBrown《好小伙子布朗》Dr.HeidggegersExperiment《海德格博士的体验》TheAmbitionsGuest《野心勃勃的客人》TheGreastStoneFace《巨石脸》HermanMelville:赫尔曼•梅尔维尔MobyDick《白鲸》Omoo《欧穆》Mardi《玛地》Typee《泰比》Redburn《雷德本》WhiteJacket《白外衣》Pierre《皮埃尔》BillyBudd《比利伯德》BenitoGereno《班纳托西兰尼》WaltWhitman:沃尔特•惠特曼LeavesofGrass《草叶集》SongsofMyself《自我之歌》TherewasaChildWentForth《有个小孩走过来》ISingtheBodyElectric《我歌唱带电的肉体》OutoftheCradleEndlesslyRocking《走出永不休止地摇动着的摇篮》EmilyDickenson:艾米莉•狄金森MyLifeClosedTwicebeforeItsClose《我的生命已结束过两次》BecauseICaritStopforDeath《因为我不能等待死亡》IHeardaFlyBuzz:—WhenIdied《我死时听到了苍蝇的嗡嗡声》Mine-bytheRightoftheWhiteElection《我的丈夫一选择如意情人的权利》WildNights-WildNights《暴风雨夜》WilliamDeanHowells:豪威尔斯TheRiseofSilasLapham《塞拉斯•拉帕姆的发迹》HenryJames:亨禾卜詹姆斯TheAmerican《美国人》DaisyMiller《黛西•米勒》ThePortraitofaLady《贵妇的画像》TheAmbassadors《专使》TheWingsofDove《鸽翼》TheGoldenBowl《金碗》HarrietBeecherStowe:哈丽叶特•比切•斯托OldtownFolks《老城的人们》UncleTomsCabin《汤姆叔叔的小屋》BretHarte:布勒特•哈特TheLuckofRoaringCamp《咆哮营的幸运儿》HamlinGarland:哈姆林•加兰Main-TraveledRoads《大路条条》SarahOrneJewett:萨拉•奥恩•朱亚特Deephaven《深深拥有》KateChopin:凯特•肖邦BayouFolk《路易斯安娜移民》ANightinAcadie《爱克迪之夜》TheAwakening《觉醒》MarkTwain:马克吐温TheGildedAge《镀金时代》TheAdventuresofTomSawyer汤姆索亚历险记》TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn《哈克贝禾1J•芬历险记》MysteriousStranger《神秘的陌生人》TheInnocentsAbroad《傻子出国记》MarkTwainAutobiography《马克吐温自传》StephenCrane:斯蒂芬克莱恩AGirloftheStreets《街头女郎麦琪》TheOpenBoat《海上扁舟》TheRedBadgeofCouracje红色英勇勋章》TheBlackRiders《黑骑手》FrankNorris:弗兰克诺里斯McTeague《麦克提格》TheOctopus《章鱼》ThePit《深渊》TheResponsibilitiesoftheNovelist《小说家的责任》TheodoreDreiser:西奥多德莱塞SisterCarrie《嘉莉妹妹》JennieGerhardt《珍妮姑娘》TheFinancier《金融家》TheTitan《巨人》TheStoic《斯多葛》TheGenius《天才»AnAmericanTragedy《美国悲剧》JackLondon:杰克伦敦TheCalloftheWild《野性的呼唤》WhiteFang《白牙》TheSeaWolf《海狼》MartinEden《马丁•伊登》ThePeopleoftheAbyss〈深渊中的人们》TheIronHeel《铁蹄》O,Henry:欧,亨利TheGiftoftheMagi《麦琪的礼物》AfterTwentyYears《二十年后》TheFurnishedRoom《带家具出租的房间》CopeandtheAnthem《警察与赞美诗》TheLastPieceofIvyLeaves《最后一片常春藤叶》UptonSinclair:厄普顿辛克莱TheJungle《丛林》EzraPound:埃兹拉庞德Cathay《华夏集》TheCantos《诗章》HughSelwynMauberley《休•塞尔温•毛伯利》T・S•Eliot:艾略特TheWasteLand《荒原》FourQuartets《四个四重奏》AshWednesdai於圣灰星期三》HollowMan《空心人》TheLoveSongofJ.AlfredPrufrock《杰・阿尔弗雷德・普鲁弗洛克的情歌》WallaceStevens华莱土•史蒂文斯Harmoniun《风琴》CollectedPoems《诗集》Best-knownpoems:TheEmperorofIce-Cream《冰激凌皇帝》AnecdoteoftheJar《坛子的故事》SundayMorning《星期天早晨》TheIdeaofOrderatKeyWest〈基维斯特的秩序观念》WilliamCarlosWilliam威廉•卡洛斯•威廉斯Paterson《帕特森》RobertFrost罗伯特•弗罗斯特PoetryAnthology:ABoysWill《少年意志》NorthofBoston《波士顿以北》MountainInterval《山间》NewHampshire《新罕普什尔》West-RunningBrook《西流的溪涧》AFurtherRange 《又一片牧场》AWitnessTree〈一株作证的树》Well-knownpoem:TheRoadNotTaken《未选择的路》CarlSandburg卡尔桑德堡ChicagoPoems《芝加哥诗抄》Cornhuskers《剥玉米的人》TheAmericanSongbag〈美国民歌集成》ThePrairieYears《草原年代〉〉TheWarYears《战争年代》ThePeople,Yes〈人民，是的》CompletePoems《诗歌全集》EE-Cummings肯明斯TheEnormousRoom《巨大的房子》HartCrane哈特•克兰TheBridge《桥》MarianneMoore玛丽安•穆尔CollectedPoems《诗集》F,ScottFitzgerald费茨杰拉德ThisSideofParadise《人间天堂》TheGreatGatsby《了不起的盖茨比》TenderistheNight〈夜色温柔》TalesoftheJazz爵士乐时代的故事》TheBeautifulandtheDamned《漂亮冤家》TheLastTycoon《最后的大亨》FlappersandPhilosophers《轻佻女郎与哲学家》ErnestHemingway海明威TheSunAlsoRises〈太阳照常升起》DeathintheAfternoon《午后之死》TheOldManandthesea《老人与海》GreenHillsofAfrica《非洲青山》AFarewelltoArms《永别了武器》ForWhomtheBelltolls《丧钟为谁而鸣》。
常耀信《美国文学简史》(第3版)笔记和考研真题详解(15-20章)【圣才出品】
第15章南方文艺复兴•威廉姆•福克纳15.1复习笔记I.The Southern Renaissance（南方文艺复兴）1.Historical background（历史背景）The American south has been a unique region all along.There was the historically significant conflict between the Hamiltonian north and the Jeffersonian south.For a long time after the Civil War,the agricultural south remained subordinate to industrial north,and there existed a glaring gap in culture and way of thinking between the two parts of the country.Measures were taken to develop the south;economic improvements slowly came about.Although the south remained conservative,but there appeared a visible sign of change in literature,and there are efforts to reassess the past and the present and do self-searching.美国南方一直是一个独特的地区。
哈米尔顿式南方与杰斐逊式北方之间存在具有重大历史意义的冲突。
美国内战后相当长的时间内，农业式的南方仍然从属于工业化的北方。
美国这两个地区之间在文化和思维方式上存在显著的差距。
常耀信《美国文学简史》(第3版)章节题库-南方文艺复兴·威廉姆·福克纳【圣才出品】
第15章南方文艺复兴·威廉姆·福克纳Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks.1._____wrote about the disintegration of the old social system in the American Southern States and its effect on the lives of modern people,both black and white.[人大2006研]【答案】William Faulkner【解析】福克纳的作品主要关于美国南方的沉浮。
在这中间，黑人和白人，南方与北方，农业和工业之间发生剧烈的摩擦和冲动。
结果是腐朽的古老传统被新兴的资本势力所击败，急剧的演变过程中形形色色的人物终不免成为客观势力和主观弱点的牺牲品。
2.In his novel,William Faulkner has invented a county named_____and the seat of the county_____.[国际关系学院2009研]【答案】Yoknapatawpha;the town of Jefferson【解析】福克纳在自己的一系列著作中虚构了位于密西西比州北部的约克纳帕塔法县，这个县的中心是杰斐逊镇。
3.The works written by_____may be viewed as a culmination of the development of twentieth-century southern fiction.【答案】William Faulkner【解析】威廉·福克纳的作品可以看作是20世纪美国南方小说发展的巅峰之作。
4.Quentin is a character in William Faulkner’s novel_____.【答案】The Sound and the Fury【解析】昆丁（Quentin）是威廉·福克纳小说喧哗与骚动（The Sound and the Fury）中的人物，同时也是该小说第三部分的叙述者。
常耀信《美国文学简史》(第3版)章节题库-霍桑·麦尔维尔【圣才出品】
第5章霍桑·麦尔维尔Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks.1.Pearl is a character in_____written by_____.[大连外国语学院2007研]【答案】The Scarlet Letter,Nathaniel Hawthorne【解析】Pearl是美国作家Nathaniel Hawthorne小说《红字》中的人物。
2.As a reflection of Hester Prynne’s moral development,the_____symbolically undergoes a gradual and imperceptible change from“_____”to“able”and last to“angel”.[天津外国语学院2008研]【答案】scarlet letter A,adultery【解析】霍桑的小说《红字》中海斯特·白兰经历了道德的洗礼，红字A的含义也逐渐由“通奸”转变为“能干”以至后来的“天使”3.Tashtego,Daggoo and Queequeg are the three main harpooners in the novel _____.[首师大2008研]【答案】Moby Dick【解析】这三个人是《莫比·狄克》里的捕鲸手。
4.The way in which_____wrote The Scarlet Letter suggests that American Romanticism adapted itself to American puritan moralism.【答案】Nathaniel Hawthorne【解析】纳撒尼尔·霍桑的小说《红字》暗示了美国浪漫主义遵循美国清教伦理道德。
5.Hester Prynne is the heroine in Hawthorne’s novel_____.【答案】The Scarlet Letter【解析】海斯特·白兰是霍桑小说《红字》中的女主人公。
常耀信《美国文学简史》（第3版）章节题库-第十六章至第十七章【圣才出品】
常耀信《美国⽂学简史》（第3版）章节题库-第⼗六章⾄第⼗七章【圣才出品】第16章安德森·斯坦·刘易斯·凯瑟·沃尔夫Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks.1.Winesburg,Ohio was written by_____.[⼤连外国语学院2007研]【答案】Sherwood Anderson【解析】《俄亥俄州的温斯堡》（或译《⼩城畸⼈》）是美国⼆⼗世纪早期⼩说家舍伍德·安德森（Sherwood Anderson）的⼀部著名⼩说。
2.Two writers played important roles in making Faulkner what he later became. _____helped him to write and publish his first novel Soldier’s Pay and_____was his idol and inspired him to write creatively.【答案】Sherwood Anderson;James Joyce【解析】安德森和乔伊斯对福克纳的⽂学创作产⽣了很⼤影响。
3.The author of Main Street is_____.【答案】Sinclair Lewis【解析】《⼤街》的作者是⾟克莱·刘易斯，他是第⼀个获得诺贝尔⽂学奖的美国⼈。
4.An American woman writer named_____who had lived in Paris since1903, welcomed the young expatriates to her literary salon,and gave them a name “the Lost Generation”.【答案】Gertrude Stein【解析】美国作家格特鲁德·斯坦因于1903年移居法国巴黎并开始组织⼀个著名的沙龙，海明威、菲茨杰拉尔德等⼈都来过这⾥。
常耀信《美国文学简史》（第3版）章节题库-第十三章至第十四章【圣才出品】
常耀信《美国⽂学简史》（第3版）章节题库-第⼗三章⾄第⼗四章【圣才出品】第13章弗罗斯特·桑德堡·卡明斯·哈特·克兰·穆尔Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks.1.In Robert Frost’s______,the speaker tells us how the course of his life was determined when he came upon two roads that diverted in a wood.【答案】The Road not Taken【解析】《未选择的路》是美国著名诗⼈罗伯特·弗罗斯特的著名诗篇。
这⾸深邃的哲理诗展现了现实⽣话中⼈们处在⼗字路⼝时难以抉择的⼼情。
2.Robert Frost poetry focused on the landscape and people in_______.【答案】New England【解析】弗罗斯特的抒情诗主要描写了⼤⾃然和农民，尤其是新英格兰的景⾊和北⽅的农民。
3._____combined traditional verse forms with a clear American local speech rhythm，forming his own characteristic.【答案】Robert Frost【解析】弗罗斯特将传统诗歌形式与美国本⼟⼝语体结合起来，形成了独特的诗歌特点。
4.At one time,Sandburg’s reputation mainly rested on a multi-volume biography of_____including The Prairie Years and The War Years.【答案】Abraham Lincoln【解析】卡尔·桑德堡（Carl Sandburg）美国现代诗⼈及传记作家。
常耀信《美国文学简史》(第3版)章节题库-第七章至第八章【圣才出品】
第7章埃德加·爱伦·坡Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks.1.In consideration of the beauty of poems,_____concludes that“the death of a beautiful woman is unquestionably the most poetical topic in the world.”[天津外国语学院2007研]【答案】Edgar Allan Poe【解析】爱伦·坡认为，美的效应在于使灵魂激动而变得高尚；无论哪种美，其最高形式必然使敏感的灵魂悲泣。
因此，诗的基调应该是“忧郁”。
人最感到忧郁的事莫过于死，而最富于诗意的死莫过于心爱的年轻美女离世。
2._____is regarded as the father of psychoanalytic criticism and the detective story. [首师大2008研]【答案】Edgar Allan Poe【解析】爱伦·坡被认为是精神分析批评之父和侦探小说的鼻祖。
3._____is generally thought of as the true beginner of the short stories because he was the first writer who formulated poetics of the short stories.【答案】Edgar Allan Poe【解析】爱伦·坡被视作短篇小说的真正始祖因为他是第一个在小说中赋予了诗意的作家。
4._____is usually acknowledged as the originator of detective stories.He is also credited with developing many of the standard features of detective fiction.His detective M August Dupin of Murders in the Rue Morgue and The Purloined letter is the forerunner of a long line of fictional detectives who are eccentric and brilliant.【答案】Edgar Allan Poe【解析】爱伦·坡被视作侦探小说的鼻祖。
常耀信《美国文学简史》（第3版）章节题库-新英格兰超验主义·爱默生·梭罗【圣才出品】
常耀信《美国文学简史》（第3版）章节题库-新英格兰超验主义·爱默生·梭罗【圣才出品】第4章新英格兰超验主义·爱默生·梭罗Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks.1.Ralph W.Emerson believes in the concept of the_____.It is the_____within which every man’s particular being is contained and made one with all other.[国际关系学院2009研]【答案】Transcendentalism;Oversoul【解析】爱默生信奉超验主义，在他看来，超灵为人所共有，每个人的思想存在于超灵之中，人能以直觉官能与之交融。
2.Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote_____,which has been called“the Manifesto of American Transcendentalism,”and_____,which has been regarded as America’s“Declaration of Intellectual Independence.”[南开大学2007研]【答案】Nature;“The American Scholar”【解析】爱默生的《论自然》被称为“美国超验主义的宣言”，其《美国学者》则被誉为美国知识分子的独立宣言。
3.In1836,a little book came out which made a tremendous impact on the intellectual life of America.It was entitled Nature by_____.【答案】Ralph Waldo Emerson【解析】拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生（Ralph Waldo Emerson,1803—1882）美国散文作家、思想家、诗人。
常耀信《美国文学简史》(第3版)章节题库-美国自然主义·克兰·诺里斯·德莱赛·罗宾森【圣才出品】
第10章美国自然主义·克兰·诺里斯·德莱赛·罗宾森Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks.1.Dreiser’s novel_____,a commercial and critical failure when first published in 1900,was reissued in1907and won high praise for its grim,naturalistic portrayal of American society.[人大2006研]【答案】Sister Carrie【解析】德莱赛的《嘉莉妹妹》在1900年首次出版时在商业上和文学批评界是失败的，在1907年重新被发现，因其对美国社会的自然描写赢得了很高的评价。
2.Naturalism stresses the determinism of_____and_____.[国际关系学院2009研]【答案】heredity;social environment【解析】自然主义强调遗传和社会环境决定论。
3._____is the novel into which Jack London put most of himself.[人大2006研]【答案】Martin Eden【解析】杰克·伦敦名作《马丁·伊登》（Martin Eden）是一部带有自传色彩的长篇小说。
4.The impact of Darwin’s evolutionary theory on the American thought and the influence of the nineteenth century French literature on the American men of letters gave rise to another school of realism:American_____.【答案】naturalism【解析】达尔文的进化论对美国思想和19世纪法国文学产生深远影响，从而产生了美国自然主义这一新的学派。
常耀信《美国文学简史》(第3版)章节题库-惠特曼·狄金森【圣才出品】
第6章惠特曼·狄金森Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks.1.Dickinson differs from Whitman in a variety of ways.For one thing,Whitman seems to keep his eye on the society at large;Dickens explores the inner life of the individual,in formal terms,the two poets are also vastly different:Whitman’s endless all-inclusive catalogs contrast with the_________which characterize Dickinson’s poetry.【答案】concise,direct and simple diction and syntax.【解析】惠特曼更细致地关注社会生活，而狄金森更倾向于探索人的内心世界。
惠特曼的视野放眼“全国”，而狄金森关注“地方”。
狄金森诗歌的风格简明，直接，善用最平易的词，而惠特曼并非如此。
2.Open,fluid and long lines sweeping boldly across the pages,familiar,informallanguage,all-including subject matter are the features of Whitman’s poetry.He is interested in all kinds of things,the ants,blades of grass,and even our hearing, breathing.All his love of life and philosophy about life are expressed through the image of______.【答案】grass【解析】惠特曼认为最伟大的诗人给世界注入了宇宙的壮观和生机。
常耀信《美国文学简史》（第3版）【章节题库（含名校考研真题）】（第2章爱德华兹
常耀信《美国⽂学简史》（第3版）【章节题库（含名校考研真题）】（第2章爱德华兹第2章爱德华兹?富兰克林?克⾥夫古尔I.Fill in the blanks.1.In his_____Benjamin Franklin creates the image of a boy’s rise from_____to riches and demonstrates his belief that the new world of America was a land of opportunities which might be met through hard work and wise management.（天津外国语学院2008研）【答案】Autobiography,poor【解析】富兰克林在《⾃传》中讲述了其⽩⼿起家、⾃⼒更⽣的故事，平凡却⽣动的讲述表明他坚信通过努⼒就能实现美国梦。
2.If we say Jonathan Edwards represents the upper levels of the American mind, _____represents the lower levels.【答案】Benjamin Franklin【解析】美国⽂学评论家范·威克·布鲁克斯（Van Wyck Brooks）在《美国的成年》(America’s Coming Age)中指出乔纳森·爱德华兹和本杰明·富兰克林是美国18世纪的两位重要的哲学家，他们是不同层次思想的代表。
3.Before his death,_____had gained a position as America’s first systematic philosopher.【答案】Jonathan Edwards【解析】乔纳森·爱德华兹（1703-1758）是美国“⼤觉醒”（the“Great Awakening”）的领军⼈物，他⽣前赢得了“美国第⼀位系统的哲学家”称号。
美国文学学习重点
《美国文学》学习重点说明：1. 教材：常耀信著《美国文学简史》（第三版）南开大学出版社2008年9月该教材的特点是文学史+作品评析，其中作品评析部分是非常好的文学分析范例，课堂时间有限，涉及较少，学习重点中也基本未列及，请同学们灵活自学。
2. 学习重点是需要重点掌握的内容，其他部分可略读，但并不表示不需要读。
3. 本重点适用整个学期，请同学们预习复习的时候都参考使用。
4. 重点概念及重点作家和重点作品在下文中都已列出，请大家尤其重视。
Introduction p. 1-10Colonial Period (1607-1800) –Rise of the American Dream1.Puritanism p. 11-12, 14-152.Jonathan Edwards p. 27-293.Benjamin Franklin:Poor Richard’s Almanac, Autobiography p. 32(para. 3)-36 Romanticism (1800-1865) –Prime of the American Dream1. American Romanticism: p.40-442. Washington Irving: “Rip Van Winkle”, “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” p. 44-454.James Fenimore Cooper: Leather stocking Tales, American Westward movement p. 505.New England Transcendentalism: Oversoul p. 56-596.Ralph Waldo Emerson: “Nature”(The Bible for Transcendentalism), “The AmericanScholar” (intellectual independence), “The Poet” p.59-647.Henry David Thoreau: Walden, prose8.Nathaniel Hawthorn: novelist, dark side of human beings, The Scarlet Letter, “YoungGoodman Brown”, “The Minister’s Black Veil” p.70-749.Herman Melville: novelist, sea life, Moby Dick, Billy Budd10.Walt Whitman: free verse, Leaves of Grass, “Song of Myself”, “O Captain! MyCaptain!”, national poet of America, social and national topics, strongly influenced byEmerson p. 88-9611.Emily Dickinson: poet, regional and inner world, topics on religion, death, love, naturep.96-10312.Edgar Allan Poe: poet and short story writer, “The Raven”, The Fall of the House ofUsher, Murders in the Rue Morgue, The Purloined Letter p.104-111Realism and Naturalism (1865-1918)—Questioning the American Dream1.William Dean Howells: middle class, The Rise of Silas Lapham p.116-1222.Henry James: rich class, international theme, psychological descriptions, The Portrait ofa Lady, The Ambassadors, The American, Daisy Miller p124-1263.Mark Twain: Samuel Clemens, lower class, local colorism, The Adventures ofHuckleberry Finn/Tom Sawyer, The Gilded Age p. 130-1404.Stephen Crane: pioneer writing in the naturalistic tradition, Maggie: A Girl of theStreets, The Red Badge of Courage p.141-1455.Frank Norris: McTeague, the first full-bodied naturalistic American novel, a case studyof the inevitable effect of environment and heredity on human lives6.Theodore Dreiser: Sister Carrie, Jennie Gerhardt, The Financier, An American Tragedyp.147-1507.Jack London: The Call of the Wild, Martin Eden8.O Henry: short story writer, the American Maupassant, surprise endings, “The Gift ofthe Magi”, “The Cop and the Anthe m”Modernism (1918-1945)—Disillusionment of the American Dream1.Imagist poetry: imagism, direct treatment of the thing, use as few words as possiblep.154-1612.Ezra Pound: “In a Station of the Metro”, The Cantos, Hugh Selwyn Mauberley p.163-1693.T. S. Eliot: The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock; The Waste Land p.171-1824.Wallace Stevens: “Anecdote of the Jar”, “The Idea of Order at Key West” p.1835.William Carlos Williams: “The Red Wheelbarrow” p. 189-1916.Robert Frost: New England poet, “The Road Not Taken”, “Mending Wall”, “AfterApple-picking” p. 195-2007.Modernist Novels: the Lost Generation8. F. Scott Fitzgerald: The Great Gatsby, the Jazz age p. 213-2209.Ernest Hemingway: the Lost Generation, Hemingway hero, iceberg theory, The Sun AlsoRises, A Farewell to Arms, For Whom the Bell Tolls, The Old Man and the Seap.220-22810.William Faulkner: the Southern Renaissance/myth, Yoknapatawpha, The Sound and theFury, As I Lay Dying, Light in August, Absalom, Absalom!, stream of consciousness1949 Nobel Prize winner p.229-23211.Sherwood Anderson: Winesburg, Ohio; describing the grotesque12.Sinclair Lewis: Main Street, sociological writer, first American Nobel Prize winner,(1930)13.Willa Cather: female writer, writing about the Old West in traditional way, My Antonio14.John Dos Passos: 1930s, Depression, U.S.A. p.254-26415.John Steinbeck: 1930s, Depression, The Grapes of Wrath, Of Mice and Men, The Pearlp.265-26816.Drama: A renaissance of drama in 1920s—Eugene O’Neill, The theatre of theDepression in 1930s17.Eugene O’Neill: American dram began in 1916 when O’Neil’s first play Bound East f orCardiff was produced, The Hairy Ape, The Iceman Cometh, Long Day’s Journey intoNight18.Arthur Miller: Death of a SalesmanPost-War American Literature—Multi-faceted1.Post-war Poetry: p.313-3182.The Beat Generation in 1950s: Howl by Allen Ginsberg (poet), On the Road by JackKerouac (novelist), p.362, p365-3713.Post-war Novel: p. 411-4124.Saul Bellow: Herzog, The Adventures of Augie March5.J. D. Salinger: Catcher in the Rye p. 424-4276.The Post-modernist Novel: p.455-4597.Black Humor: Catch-22 by Joseph Heller p.459-4648.African-American literature: Richard Wright, Native Son; Ralph Ellison, The InvisibleMan; Toni Morrison, Beloved p. 504-5069.Post-war drama: Tennessee Williams, The Glass Menagerie, A Streetcar Named Desire;Arthur Miller, Death of a Salesman10.Theatre of the Absurd: George Albee, Who is Afraid of Virginia Woolf?Literary Terms:1. American Puritanism: Puritanism is a Protestant movement which spread its influence intothe New England colonies in 17th century. The American Puritans believed that the Church should be restored to the “purity” of the Church as established by Christ himself. They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin, total depravity, and limited atonement. 2. American Romanticism: American Romanticism is the literary movement stretching fromthe end of the 18th century through the outbreak of the Civil War. It was in essence the expression of “a real new experience” and contained “an alien quality”. There was American Puritanism as a cultural heritage to consider. The features can be found in the major works by Washington Irving, Nathaniel Hawthorne and Walt Whitman.3. Transcendentalism: Transcendentalism is a literary and philosophical movement, associatedwith Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau, asserting the existence of an ideal spiritual reality that transcended the empirical and scientific and was knowable through intuition.4. American Realism: First, American realist authors described life truthfully. Second, they putthe typical characters under typical circumstances. Third, they were objective rather than idealized, in a close observation and investigation life. Finally, realistic works were concerned with social and psychological problems. The famous realistic works include Henry James’s The Ambassadors and Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.5. Local Colorism: As a literary trend, local colorism made its presence felt in the late 1860s toearly 70s. Local colorists concerned themselves with presenting and interpreting the local characters of their regions. The representative works of local colorism include Bret Hart’s “The Luck of Roaring Camp” and H. B. Stowe’s Oldtown Folks.6. American Naturalism: American naturalism is a literary tendency that prevailed in 1890s.Under the influence of social Darwinism and inspired by French naturalism, American naturalists wrote about the helplessness of man in a cold, amoral world, and his lack of dignity in face of the crushing forces of environment and heredity. The features of naturalism can be found in the major works by Stephen Crane and Theodore Dreiser.7. Lost Generation: The Lost Generation refers to the group of American writers who came ofage during World War I and established their reputations in the 1920s. The writers considered themselv es “lost” because their inherited values could not operate in the postwar world. The term is commonly applied to Hart Crane, Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and others.8. Image(in Pound’s poetry): An image is defined by Pound as that which presents anintellectual and emotional complex in an instant of time, “a vortex or cluster of fused ideas”“endowed with energy”.9. Free Verse: Free verse means poetry that has no regular pattern of rhyme and rhythm.10. Code Hero: Code hero is the Hemingwayan hero, an average man of decidedly masculinetastes, sensitive and intelligent, a man of action, and one of few words.11. Southern Literature: Southern Literature is defined as American literature about theSouthern United States or by writers from this region. The Southern literature meets its renaissance in the 1920s and 1930s, and the famous Southern writers include Ellen Glasgow and William Faulkner.12. Anti-hero(as in William Faulkner’s works): A central character in a work of literature wholacks traditional heroic qualities such as courage, physical prowess, and fortitude. Anti-heroes typically distrust conventional values and are unable to commit themselves to any ideals.Anti-heroes usually accept, and often celebrate, their positions as social outcasts.13. Beat Generation: Beat generation is a term applied to a group of American poets andnovelists of the 1950s and 1960s who were in romantic rebellion against the culture and value systems of America. They expressed their revolt through the literary works of loose structure and slang diction. Among the leading members of the loose group were the poet Allen Ginsberg and the novelist Jack Kerouac.14. Black Humor: Black humor is a term applied to a large group of American novels beginningin the 1950s, represented by Joseph Heller’s Catch 22. In the novelists’ opin ion, their society is full of institutionalized absurdity. Therefore, all of them hold a cynical attitude toward society and the conventional moral values. This despondency is reflected in their novels by the use of exaggeration as a vehicle for satire.15. Iceberg Theory: The Iceberg Theory (also known as the "theory of omission") isthe writing style of American writer Ernest Hemingway in which written words in a story focus on surface facts, those easily seen, but beneath and behind the words is a more complete structure supporting the story. Hemingway believed the true meaning of a piece of writing should not be evident from the surface story, rather, the crux of the story lies below the surface and should be allowed to shine through. It is likening the story to an iceberg in which only the tip is visible, but under the surface there is an unseen mass.16. Metafiction: a form of writing about fiction in the form of fiction. It is a style of fictivenarrative that tries to tell the readers that fiction is fiction and is not an illusion of reality as the realists have tried to deceive the readers into believing.特别提示：文学术语部分中，含有括号的说明只提示该术语出现在某部或某些作品中，不表示它局限于某作品。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
美国文学作者作品Edwards: 爱德华兹The Freedom of the Will 《论意志自由》Great Doctrine of Original Sin Defended 《论原罪》The Nature of True Virtue 《论真实德行的本原》名篇：Personal Narrative 《自述》Sinners in the hands of an Angry God 《愤怒上帝手中之罪》Benjamin Franklin:本杰明·富兰克林Poor Richard’s Almanac《穷理查德年历》Autobiography 《自传》Washington Irving:华盛顿·欧文A History of New York《纽约外传》The Sketch Book 《见文札记》名篇：Rip Van Winkle《瑞普·温·凡克尔》The Legend of Sleepy Hollow 《睡谷传奇》James Fenimore Cooper:詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库柏Leatherstocking Tales 《皮袜子故事集》The Pioneer 《拓荒者》The Prairie 《大草原》The Last of Mohicans《最后的莫希干人》The Pathfinder《探路人》The Deerslayer 《猎鹿者》Ralph Waldo Emerson:拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生Nature 《论自然》Self-Reliance 《论自立》Essays 《随笔集》名篇：The American Scholar 《美国学者》（has been regarded as “American Declaration of Intellectual Independence”被誉为美国思想的独立宣言）The PoetHenry David Thoreau:亨利·戴维·梭罗Walden 《瓦尔登湖》Nathaniel Hawthorne:纳撒尼尔·霍桑The Scarlet Letter《红字》The House of the Seven Gables 《七个尖角阁的房子》Mosses from an Old Manse《古厦青苔》The Blithedale Romance《福谷传奇》The Marble Faun 《玉石神像》Ethan Brand 《伊桑布兰德》Young Goodman Brown 《好小伙子布朗》Dr. Heidggeger’s Experiment 《海德格博士的体验》The Ambitions Guest 《野心勃勃的客人》The Greast Stone Face 《巨石脸》Herman Melville:赫尔曼·梅尔维尔Moby Dick《白鲸》Omoo《欧穆》Mardi《玛地》Typee 《泰比》Redburn《雷德本》White Jacket 《白外衣》Pierre《皮埃尔》Billy Budd《比利伯德》Benito Gereno《班纳托西兰尼》Walt Whitman:沃尔特·惠特曼Leaves of Grass《草叶集》Songs of Myself《自我之歌》There was a Child Went Forth《有个小孩走过来》I Sing the Body Electric《我歌唱带电的肉体》Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking《走出永不休止地摇动着的摇篮》Emily Dickenson:艾米莉·狄金森My Life Closed Twice before Its Close《我的生命已结束过两次》Because I Can’t Stop for Death《因为我不能等待死亡》I Heard a Fly Buzz—When I died《我死时听到了苍蝇的嗡嗡声》Mine—by the Right of the White Election《我的丈夫—选择如意情人的权利》Wild Nights—Wild Nights《暴风雨夜》William Dean Howells:豪威尔斯The Rise of Silas Lapham《塞拉斯·拉帕姆的发迹》Henry James:亨利·詹姆斯The American《美国人》Daisy Miller《黛西·米勒》The Portrait of a Lady《贵妇的画像》The Ambassadors《专使》The Wings of Dove《鸽翼》The Golden Bowl《金碗》Harriet Beecher Stowe:哈丽叶特·比切·斯托Oldtown Folks《老城的人们》Uncle Tom’s Cabin《汤姆叔叔的小屋》Bret Harte:布勒特·哈特The Luck of Roaring Camp《咆哮营的幸运儿》Hamlin Garland:哈姆林·加兰Main-Traveled Roads《大路条条》Sarah Orne Jewett:萨拉·奥恩·朱亚特Deephaven《深深拥有》Kate Chopin:凯特·肖邦Bayou Folk《路易斯安娜移民》A Night in Acadie《爱克迪之夜》The Awakening《觉醒》Mark Twain:马克吐温The Gilded Age《镀金时代》The Adventures of Tom Sawyer《汤姆索亚历险记》The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn《哈克贝利·芬历险记》Mysterious Stranger《神秘的陌生人》The Innocents Abroad《傻子出国记》Mark Twain Autobiography《马克吐温自传》Stephen Crane:斯蒂芬·克莱恩A Girl of the Streets《街头女郎麦琪》The Open Boat《海上扁舟》The Red Badge of Courage《红色英勇勋章》The Black Riders《黑骑手》Frank Norris:弗兰克·诺里斯McTeague《麦克提格》The Octopus《章鱼》The Pit《深渊》The Responsibilities of the Novelist《小说家的责任》Theodore Dreiser:西奥多·德莱塞Sister Carrie《嘉莉妹妹》Jennie Gerhardt《珍妮姑娘》The Financier《金融家》The Titan《巨人》The Stoic《斯多葛》The Genius《天才》An American Tragedy《美国悲剧》Jack London:杰克·伦敦The Call of the Wild《野性的呼唤》White Fang《白牙》The Sea Wolf《海狼》Martin Eden《马丁·伊登》The People of the Abyss《深渊中的人们》The Iron Heel《铁蹄》O·Henry:欧·亨利The Gift of the Magi《麦琪的礼物》After Twenty Years《二十年后》The Furnished Room《带家具出租的房间》Cope and the Anthem《警察与赞美诗》The Last Piece of Ivy Leaves《最后一片常春藤叶》Upton Sinclair: 厄普顿·辛克莱The Jungle《丛林》Ezra Pound:埃兹拉·庞德Cathay《华夏集》The Cantos《诗章》Hugh Selwyn Mauberley《休·塞尔温·毛伯利》T·S·Eliot:艾略特The Waste Land《荒原》Four Quartets《四个四重奏》Ash Wednesday《圣灰星期三》Hollow Man《空心人》The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock 《杰·阿尔弗雷德·普鲁弗洛克的情歌》Wallace Stevens华莱士·史蒂文斯Harmoniun《风琴》Collected Poems《诗集》Best-known poems: The Emperor of Ice-Cream《冰激凌皇帝》Anecdote of the Jar《坛子的故事》Sunday Morning《星期天早晨》The Idea of Order at Key West《基维斯特的秩序观念》William Carlos William威廉·卡洛斯·威廉斯Paterson《帕特森》Robert Frost罗伯特·弗罗斯特Poetry Anthology:A Boy’s Will《少年意志》North of Boston《波士顿以北》Mountain Interval《山间》New Hampshire《新罕普什尔》West-Running Brook《西流的溪涧》A Further Range《又一片牧场》A Witness Tree《一株作证的树》Well-known poem: The Road Not Taken《未选择的路》Carl Sandburg卡尔桑德堡Chicago Poems《芝加哥诗抄》Cornhuskers《剥玉米的人》The American Songbag《美国民歌集成》The Prairie Years《草原年代》The War Years《战争年代》The People, Yes《人民，是的》Complete Poems《诗歌全集》E·E·Cummings肯明斯The Enormous Room《巨大的房子》Hart Crane哈特·克兰The Bridge《桥》Marianne Moore玛丽安·穆尔Collected Poems《诗集》F·Scott Fitzgerald费茨杰拉德This Side of Paradise《人间天堂》The Great Gatsby《了不起的盖茨比》Tender is the Night《夜色温柔》Tales of the Jazz《爵士乐时代的故事》The Beautiful and the Damned《漂亮冤家》The Last Tycoon《最后的大亨》Flappers and Philosophers《轻佻女郎与哲学家》Ernest Hemingway海明威The Sun Also Rises《太阳照常升起》Death in the Afternoon《午后之死》The Old Man and the sea《老人与海》Green Hills of Africa《非洲青山》A Farewell to Arms《永别了武器》For Whom the Bell tolls《丧钟为谁而鸣》。